2025外研版高中英语必修第三册
Unit 3　The world of science
Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2024山东济宁兖州区期中)Remember to get your 　　　　(电池)charged before setting off from the camping ground.
2.The charity has received enough funds to provide basic　　　　(东西,物品) for the homeless people in this area.
3.Museums and art galleries have started offering 　　　　(虚拟的)reality tours to visitors who cannot physically attend.
4.She hesitated about whether to p　　　　the button to answer the final question or not.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The new device is capable 　　　　　 recycling a wide range of materials, including plastics, glass, and metals.
2.Regular exercise improves physical 　　　　　(flexible) and helps prevent various diseases.
3.(2024河南新未来期中联考)She had a strong desire 　　　　　(share) her love of reading and knowledge with others.
4.The average speed of a car can 　　　　　(compute) by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken.
5.The artist, 　　　　　painting sold for a million dollars, donated part of the money to charity.
6.(2021新高考Ⅰ)Then Jeff noticed steam 　　　　　(shoot) out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.
Ⅲ.选词填空
never say never;in addition;in terms of;lead to
　　1.　　　　　　 achieving success, one must 2.　　　　　　. Opportunities can present themselves unexpectedly, and it is important to remain open-minded. Even failures may 3.　　　　　　 eventual success, as they teach us valuable lessons that we might not have learned otherwise. 4.　　　　　　, when we face setbacks or obstacles on our path to success, it's essential to remain positive and keep pushing forward. In summary, success is a journey that requires perseverance, openness, and optimism.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.(2024全国甲写作)很高兴能就中国交通运输的发展发表演讲。(pleasure)
It's 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 on the development of China's transportation.
2.她的心在胸膛里咚咚直跳,她紧张地走上舞台。 (with复合结构)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in her chest, she nervously stepped onto the stage.(读后续写—心理描写)
3.她发现一只蜘蛛在她的手臂上爬行,于是她发出了一声尖叫。(crawl;find+宾语+宾语补足语)
She　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 on her arm and she let out a scream.(读后续写—动作描写)
4.It was the sudden loss of her pet dog that made her so depressed and upset.(句型转换:对画线部分进行提问)
→　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　made her so depressed and upset
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Dr Richard Fairhurst, 　1　 new book The New Age of Invention has just been published, is being interviewed. The following is what he tells us.
There　2　(be) golden ages of invention throughout history. In Ancient China, there were the four great 　3　(invention): gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass. They 　4　(change) the world forever. There were the great Western inventions: the steam engine, the telephone and 　5　 radio. And now, we are in the great new age of technology, when most of the new great inventions are tech-based. For example, advances in virtual 　6　(real), wearable tech and the flexible battery, mean we should soon be seeing further developments. 　7　 addition, new inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. What's more, it's possible 　8　(create) an intelligent walking house.
Most inventions start with　9　(recognise) a problem that needs a solution. But what remains 　10　(importance) is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that's the real spirit of invention.
1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2023山东省实验中学期中)
In the past ten years, we have seen technology develop 　1　 high speed. However, it is sad to see that new technologies introduced to make our lives easier are making life 　2　 (difficult) for some people, mostly elderly people. For instance, many offices require users 　3　 (operate) some services on their smartphones, but what if 　4　elderly citizen does not use a smartphone Many banks require their customers to pass a facial 　5　 (recognise) test, but what if that is difficult for a customer to do
Technology 　6　(use) to serve the people. Elderly people also need bank accounts and they have the right to use the services. The authorities should think about them more when 　7　 (make) rules and procedures. By doing so, they will be serving everyone. Earlier this year, the train station at Wuxi, Jiangsu province 　8　(open) a special counter for those who do not use a smartphone or those 　9　 phones have run out of power. This measure shows that the local government has 　10　(full) taken people's needs into consideration. This is a good example for others to learn from.
1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024山东济宁兖州区期中)
Edward O. Wilson, known as “ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. His parents divorced when he was young, and he was moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination(着迷) with ants and their social structures.
Wilson earned his Bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Alabama. In 1955, he received his Ph.D. from Harvard and worked there until retirement.
Wilson's early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959: how ants communicate through the release of chemical signals.
Later, in 1990, Wilson and German biologist Bert H lldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants. It detailed the insects' social structure that was both valued by scholars and accessible to general readers.
Another of Wilson's major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur. The pair published The Theory of Island Biogeography, where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species.
What many consider to be Wilson's most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic(基因的) roots of animal behavior and argued that genes shaped human behavior.
Wilson faced accusations(谴责) of these ideas but his work finally largely proved true. In 1978, his ideas of the role biology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature, which won him his first Pulitzer Prize in 1979.
Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 30 books. These accomplishments offered him a type of superstar status, but friends and colleagues said the polite biologist remained down to earth. “Professor Wilson really listened to and engaged with whomever he was interacting with,” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson's final advisees.
1.What contributed to Wilson's passion for ants
A.His accidental disability.　　　　B.The discovery he made about ants.
C.The school education he received.　　　　D.His boyhood time spent in nature.
2.What is Wilson's first Pulitzer-winning book about
A.The social structure of ants.
B.The distribution of different species.
C.The links between biology and human culture.
D.The role of chemical signals in communication.
3.According to the last paragraph, which word best describes Wilson
A.Generous.　　　　B.Modest.　　　　C.Open-minded.　　　　D.Independent.
4.What is the best title of this text
A.The Pioneering “Ant Man”　　　　B.Discoveries in Evolutionary Biology
C.A Leading Figure in Popular Science　　　　D.The Adventure of a Pulitzer Prize Winner
B
(2024广东广雅中学期中)
Faced with a declining population and workforce, Japan has been increasingly turning to robots for help. Over the years, the robots have carried out a large number of human tasks, including building products and providing care for the elderly.
However, the robots currently being used by companies, like Walmart and Amazon, are only able to perform single, repetitive tasks, such as stacking boxes. Model-T has a wider range of movement and is able to hold, pick and place objects of several different shapes and sizes into different locations, making it ideal for convenience and grocery stores, which sell a large variety of items.
Model-T robots are operated from a distant location by human “pilots” wearing a virtual reality (VR) headset and special gloves, which allow them to feel the product the robot is holding in its hands and guide it to the right shelf.
The VR-controlled robots are ten times cheaper than automated robots, because they don't require advanced programming and are easier to develop and maintain. And their easy-to-use controls require little training. Tomohiro Kano, a general manager in charge of development at FamilyMart, believes that this will enable the chain to recruit workers who would typically not work in stores.
Though Model-T appears to be getting rapidly through the experiments, it is not quite ready to enter the workforce. Besides being a lot slower than humans, it is also only able to lift packaged items, and cannot get hold of things such as fruits and vegetables. The company is working to improve the weaknesses and hopes to introduce a faster, more skillful Model-T robot within the next two years. They believe that in addition to the stores, the robots could also be useful in hospitals, allowing doctors to do operations from remote locations.
5.What is one of the features of Model-T according to the text
A.It works much faster than humans.
B.It can easily hold all kinds of objects.
C.It can be operated from a distance.
D.It is harder to produce than an automated robot.
6.What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to
A.The low price of Model-T.　　　　B.The easiness to operate Model-T.
C.The low-level programming of Model-T.　　　　D.The strict training in maintaining Model-T.
7.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Model-T is now being massively produced.
B.Japan's workforce will be reduced by Model-T.
C.The weaknesses of Model-T have been overcome.
D.Model-T may be used in wider fields in the future.
8.In which section of a website can we read this text
A.Technology.　　　　B.Economy.　　　　C.Lifestyle.　　　　D.Environment.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 3　The world of science
Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.battery　2.stuff　3.virtual　4.press
Ⅱ.1.of　考查介词。句意:这种新设备能够回收利用各种材料,包括塑料、玻璃和金属。be capable of doing sth.意为“有能力做某事”,故本空应填介词of。
2.flexibility　考查名词。句意:经常锻炼可以提高身体灵活性,有助于预防各种疾病。本空作动词improves的宾语,根据空前形容词physical可知,本空应用名词flexibility,意为“灵活性;柔韧性”。
类比启发
　　将形容词后缀“-ible”变为名词后缀“-ibility”的还有:possible(可能的) →possibility(可能性);visible(可见的)→visibility(可见性,能见度);responsible(负责的)→responsibility(责任)等。
3.to share　考查非谓语动词。句意:她强烈渴望与他人分享她对阅读和知识的热爱。have a desire to do sth.意为“有做某事的渴望”,故本空应用不定式形式修饰抽象名词desire。故填to share。
4.be computed　考查被动语态。句意:汽车的平均速度可以用行驶的距离除以所花费的时间来计算。compute和主语speed之间为被动关系,故本空应用被动语态。
5.whose　考查定语从句。句意:这位艺术家的画作以100万美元的价格售出,他将部分资金捐给了慈善事业。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词The artist,本空在从句中作定语,修饰名词painting,故应用关系代词whose。
6.shooting　考查非谓语动词。句意:然后杰夫注意到锅里冒出蒸汽,锅盖开始摇晃。分析句子可知, “noticed steam 　　　(shoot) out of the pot”为“notice+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语steam和动词shoot之间为主动关系,且结合空后“the lid starting to shake”可知,此处表示动作正在进行,故本空应用现在分词形式。故填shooting。
Ⅲ.1.In terms of　2.never say never　3.lead to
4.In addition
Ⅳ.1.a pleasure to deliver a speech
2.With her heart pounding
3.found a spider crawling
4.What was it that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.whose　考查定语从句。句意:理查德·费尔赫斯特博士正在接受采访,他的新书《发明的新时代》刚刚出版。根据句意可知,设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词Dr Richard Fairhurst,且设空处在定语从句中作定语,故填whose。
2.have been　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:贯穿(整个)历史,一直有发明的黄金时代。根据语境可知用现在完成时,主语golden ages为复数概念,故填have been。
3.inventions　考查名词复数。根据前面的four可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。
4.changed　考查时态。中国古代的四大发明改变了世界,所以用一般过去时。
5.the　考查冠词。结合前面的“the steam engine, the telephone”可知答案为the。
6.reality　考查名词。virtual为形容词,意为“虚拟的”,其后应跟名词形式。virtual reality虚拟现实。
7.In　考查介词。in addition另外。
8.to create　考查不定式。分析句子可知,此处为“it is+adj.+不定式”结构,it为形式主语,后面的不定式作真正的主语。
9.recognising　考查动名词。设空处作介词with的宾语,应用动名词形式。
10.important　考查形容词。remain在此处是系动词,后跟形容词作表语。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。如今很多新技术的引入使一些人,尤其是老年人的生活更困难,作者认为技术应该为人民服务。当局在制定规则和程序时应该更多地考虑他们。
1.at　考查介词。句意:在过去的十年里,我们看到技术以高速发展。at high speed意为“以高速”,故本空应用介词at。
2.more difficult　考查形容词比较级。句意:然而,令人难过的是,看到为使我们的生活更轻松而引入的新技术使一些人的生活变得更加困难,其中大多数是老年人。根据句意及空前easier可知,本空应用形容词的比较级形式。
3.to operate　考查非谓语动词。句意:例如,许多办事处要求用户在智能手机上操作一些服务,但如果老年公民不使用智能手机怎么办 require sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”,故本空应用不定式形式作宾语补足语。
4.an　考查冠词。句意参考上题。空后elderly citizen为单数,此处表示泛指,且elderly以元音音素开头,故本空应用不定冠词an。
5.recognition　考查名词。句意:许多银行要求客户通过面部识别测试,但如果客户很难做到那一点怎么办 根据空前形容词facial可知,本空应用名词形式。recognition意为“识别”,符合语境。
6.is used　考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:技术是用来为人民服务的。本句阐述客观事实,故应用一般现在时,且句子主语Technology在此处作不可数名词,和动词use之间为被动关系,故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。
7.making　考查非谓语动词。句意:当制定规则和程序时,当局应该更多地考虑他们。本空在句中作状语,动词make和句子主语The authorities之间为主动关系,故本空应用现在分词形式。
8.opened　考查时态。句意:今年早些时候,江苏省无锡市火车站为那些不使用智能手机或手机电量耗尽的人开设了一个专门的柜台。设空处为主句的谓语,根据时间状语Earlier this year可知,本空应用一般过去时。
9.whose　考查定语从句。句意参考上题。本空引导定语从句,修饰先行词those,且本空在从句中作定语,修饰名词phones,故应用关系代词whose。
10.fully　考查副词。句意:这项措施表明,当地政府充分考虑了人们的需求。本空修饰过去分词taken,故应用副词形式作状语。
【高频词汇】　1.citizen n.市民,居民　2.bank account n.银行账户　3.run out of用完,耗尽　4.take...into consideration把……考虑在内
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了被誉为“蚁人”的美国生物学家爱德华·威尔逊的生平事迹及其主要科学贡献。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination with ants and their social structures.(威尔逊在对森林和野生生物的探索中长大。这些冒险经历中的一次让他部分失明,但它们也激发了他对蚂蚁及其社会结构的终生着迷。)”可知,促成威尔逊对蚂蚁的热情的是“these adventures”,即在大自然中度过的童年经历。故选D。
2.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In 1978, his ideas of the role biology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature, which won him his first Pulitzer Prize in 1979.”可知,威尔逊的第一本获得普利策奖的书是关于生物学和人类文化之间的关系的。故选C。
3.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“the polite biologist remained down to earth”及“Professor Wilson really listened to and engaged with whomever he was interacting with”可推断出,威尔逊很谦虚,故选B。
4.A　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其根据第一段中“Edward O. Wilson, known as ‘ant man’, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama.”及最后一段中“Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 30 books.”可知,本文讲述了被誉为“蚁人”的美国生物学家爱德华·威尔逊的生平事迹及其主要科学贡献,A项“先锋‘蚁人’”最适合作本文标题。
【高频词汇】　1.divorce v.离婚　2.set off引发,激起;动身,出发　3.retirement n.退休　4.release n.& v.释放
5.detail v.详细说明,详细列举　6.team up with与……组队,与……协作　7.shape v.决定……的形成;塑造　8.peak v.达到高峰　9.accomplishment n.成就
10.status n.身份,地位
长难句
原句　What many consider to be Wilson's most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis.
分析　本句为主从复合句。“What...evolutionary biology”为What引导的主语从句,且What在从句中作consider的宾语;when引导定语从句。
译文　许多人认为威尔逊对进化生物学最重要的贡献出现在1975年,当时他出版了《社会生物学:新的综合》。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本发明的一款名为“Model-T”的机器人,它拥有更大的移动范围,使其成为便利店和杂货店的理想选择。本文介绍了这种机器人的操作方式及其未来可能应用的领域。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Model-T robots are operated from a distant location by human ‘pilots’ wearing a virtual reality (VR) headset and special gloves”可知, Model-T机器人由戴着虚拟现实视图器和特殊手套的人类“飞行员”在远处操作。因此Model-T的特点之一是可以远距离操作,故选C。
6.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“And their easy-to-use controls require little training.”可知,它们易于操作的操纵装置不需要多少培训。这样连锁店就能够招聘通常不在店内工作的员工。因此画线词this指代的是“Model-T易于操作的特点”,故选B。
7.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They believe that in addition to the stores, the robots could also be useful in hospitals, allowing doctors to do operations from remote locations.”可推知,在未来Model-T可能有更广泛的应用。故选D。
8.A　推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了日本发明的一款名为“Model-T”的机器人的操作方式及其未来可能应用的领域。因此本文可能选自网站的“科技”部分。故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.(be) faced with 面对……,面临……
2.declining adj.下滑的;衰退的　3.turn to...for help 向……寻求帮助　4.carry out 执行;实施　5.repetitive adj.重复的　6.item n.一件商品(或物品)　7.in charge of 负责　8.recruit v.招聘;招募
【差距词汇】　stack v.摞起
长难句
原句　Model-T has a wider range of movement and is able to hold, pick and place objects of several different shapes and sizes into different locations, making it ideal for convenience and grocery stores, which sell a large variety of items.
分析　本句为主从复合句。现在分词短语“making it ideal...stores”作结果状语,表示“自然而然的结果”;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词convenience and grocery stores。
译文　Model-T拥有更广泛的移动范围,能够夹持、拾取并放置几种不同形状和大小的物体到不同的位置,这使其非常适合便利店和杂货店,这些商店销售种类繁多的商品。
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