2025外研版高中英语必修第三册
Unit 6　Disaster and hope
Part 2　Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Weather 　　　　(卫星) are essential tools for monitoring global weather patterns.
2.She 　　　　(抓住) the rope and started to climb the mountain, attempting to reach the summit.
3.The 　　　　(预测) for the next few days suggests a high intensity of rainfall, which could lead to flooding.
4.The company's failure to address the financial 　　　　(危机) led to a significant drop in profits.
5.We should all keep a basic first-aid kit at home in case of an e　　　　.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.She is a 　　　　　(rely) friend who will always be there for you.
2.(2024广东鹤山市第一中学段考)Your task is to help readers understand your message quickly and 　　　　　(precise).
3.So far, scientists have only found one patch of this flower in the wild, making it 　　　　　 (exceptional) rare.
4.The child 　　　　　(rescue) by the firefighters was safely reunited with his parents.
5.She claimed 　　　　　(complete) the assignment, but it was nowhere to be found.
6.(2024北京日坛中学月考)A few decades ago, the lack of food was one of the main problems 　　　　　(threaten) Chinese people.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
将下列句子改写成省略句
1.Though he was tired, he decided to finish his homework.
→　　　　 　　　　, he decided to finish his homework.
2.If it is necessary, I'll ask the teacher for help when I am faced with difficulties.
→　　　　 　　　　, I'll ask the teacher for help when 　　　　 　　　　 difficulties.
3.If I were you, I would apply for the project.
→　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, I would apply for the project.
4.His suggestion made John happy, but his suggestion made Mary angry.
→His suggestion made John happy, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
题型(二)
用省略结构完成句子
1.即使被开除,我也不会说同事的坏话。
I will not speak ill of my colleagues　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
2.那个人突然停了下来,好像是要找什么东西。
Suddenly the man stopped, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
3.我原本计划去拜访那位船长,但是我妈妈不让我去。
I'd planned to pay a visit to the captain, but　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
4.杰克将马上到达聚会,但我知道约翰不会马上到达聚会。
Jack will arrive at the party immediately, but　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
5.待在庇护所里时,他发现了几种小型动物。
　　　　 　　　　in the shelter, he discovered a few kinds of tiny animals.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024福建省永春第一中学月考)
More than 170,000 people in California are unhoused. Even though the state has poured resources into fighting against the problem, the number of people without homes has increased in recent years. On the surface, the state has one key advantage for people without a reliable roof over their heads: relatively consistent and livable weather. So one of my first thoughts when I heard news of a hurricane attacking Los Angeles was just “What will happen to the city's homeless population ”
City agencies quickly took action. As it became clear that the Los Angeles region could experience an extreme downpour and subsequent flooding, outreach teams fanned out across the river bank and dam areas across the city that have become home to a significant unhoused population, offering support to move them into shelters and motels(汽车旅馆).
Despite that, it's obvious that the effects of climate change will hit the most vulnerable(脆弱的) hardest. We see this globally as extreme weather events hit countries that have contributed the least to the problem.
The most notable connection between climate change and the US housing crisis is the threat extreme weather poses to unhoused people. More unhoused people are affected as climate change drives increasingly unpredictable weather. People without homes know how to respond to expected seasonal events. But events like a hurricane in Los Angeles or a wildfire in Maui can catch populations with limited access to information off guard.
Another link worth considering is the way in which climate change creates more homelessness and further stresses on housing systems. Hurricane Katrina, for example, displaced 800, 000 people. Four years later, 12,000 people remained without shelter.
Housing has been—and will continue to be—a key issue in Maui too as it recovers from the wildfire that killed more than 100 people. Maui has already had a housing crisis, the result of the high cost of living driven in large part by the tourism industry. And, now, many more are left looking for places to stay. Ashley Kelly, the chief operating officer at Hawaii's Family Life Center, said, “Finding housing for any new clients is just not possible right now.”
1.What contributes to the increase of the unhoused population in California
A.Its mild weather.　　　　B.Its inclusive local culture.
C.Its limited basic facilities.　　　　D.Its relaxed state policies.
2.What did outreach teams do in response to the hurricane in Los Angeles
A.They built dams to prevent flooding.
B.They moved homeless people to safe places.
C.They sought low-cost housing from city agencies.
D.They surrounded the river bank to keep people away.
3.Which word can best describe Maui's housing circumstances now according to Ashley Kelly
A.Mysterious.　　　　B.Exceptional.　　　　C.Changeable.　　　　D.Difficult.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.Ways of Americans relocating disaster-affected populations.
B.The significance of timely weather updates for the homeless.
C.The link between climate change and the housing crisis in the US.
D.Approaches of homeless Americans to dealing with natural disasters.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024辽宁鞍山月考)
Take a bottle of soda, and shake it really hard. Gas will form inside, causing a build-up of pressure. Twist the cap off. Pressure will be released from the bottle, and soda will shoot everywhere.
　1　 Pressure builds up inside a volcano as gas forms in magma(岩浆), which is hot liquid rock beneath the surface of the earth. Gas bubbles in the volcano need to escape. When a volcano erupts, magma is pushed up through the opening with great force. When magma reaches the earth's surface, it's called lava(熔岩).
Some volcanic eruptions are explosive. Lava shoots into the sky. Gas and hot pieces of rock and ash are also released. The intensity of an eruption depends on a few factors. One is the magma's temperature. Another is the magma's thickness. 　2　
Volcanic eruptions can cause other natural disasters. These include landslides, mudslides, earthquakes and tsunamis. Volcanoes can be destructive. 　3　 The Hawaiian Islands were created by the eruptions of large low-lying volcanoes which are made up of layers of hardened lava.
　4　 Ash from volcanoes adds helpful minerals to soil. This helps plants grow strong. Healthy plants produce oxygen for humans and animals to breathe. Volcanoes also remove heat from the earth's interior(内部), which helps keep our planet cool.
In recent years, a new benefit of volcanoes has surfaced. 　5　 Their measures involve using the heat beneath the earth's surface to produce electricity.
Volcanoes may be unpredictable. However, as we learn more about how they work, they will become even more important to life on the earth.
A.However, they can also create new land.
B.Volcanoes can become more dangerous.
C.A volcanic eruption works much the same way.
D.Scientists are using volcanoes to help power cities.
E.The amount of gas trapped inside is also an important one.
F.Volcanoes are threatening the life of people across the world.
G.Volcanoes have played an important role in shaping the earth.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024安徽省定远中学阶段检测)
My community and state are still recovering from the disaster that hit the area recently. A wall of storms with hurricane-force winds 　1　 late on a Friday evening knocking down trees, 　2　 roads, damaging homes, and destroying power lines. Hundreds of thousands of people suddenly 　3　themselves in the dark without water, electricity, air conditioning, the Internet, and television. They were 　4　 from the modern world suffering unbearable heat with no help and no idea 　5　 it would be over.
The most　6　 thing happened, however, as the reality of the crisis sank in: it brought out the best in us. While there were a few acts of 　7　 and stealing, they were overwhelmed(压倒)by the wave of 　8　 and compassion that came from the hearts of so many. People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had 　9　 opened their homes to those who had none. People rushed out to 　10　roads. Selfless power crews worked around the clock to repair the damage and 　11　 electricity.
Life's disasters strike all of us from time to time. No one is　12　. We all get hurt. We all get 　13　. How we respond to them, though, is up to us. We can let them bring out the worst in us or we can let them bring out the best in us. We can 　14　 them like devils(魔鬼)of selfishness or like angels of love. May you always bring the best from your heart and soul to whatever life may 　15　 at you then. May you live all of your days here with much love.
1.A.drew　　　　B.arose
C.struck　　　　D.faded
2.A.closing　　　　B.wiping
C.narrowing　　　　D.blocking
3.A.devoted　　　　B.found
C.pictured　　　　D.patted
4.A.cut off　　　　B.called off
C.torn down　　　　D.taken off
5.A.where　　　　B.why
C.how　　　　D.when
6.A.decent　　　　B.terrible
C.amazing　　　　D.accidental
7.A.distance　　　　B.enthusiasm
C.prejudice　　　　D.selfishness
8.A.hate　　　　B.love
C.respect　　　　D.belief
9.A.confidence　　　　B.power
C.guidance　　　　D.virtue
10.A.destroy　　　　B.move
C.clear　　　　D.build
11.A.restore　　　　B.remove
C.return　　　　D.reduce
12.A.saved　　　　B.spared
C.punished　　　　D.forgiven
13.A.cheated　　　　B.removed
C.challenged　　　　D.arranged
14.A.weigh on　　　　B.react to
C.take in　　　　D.care for
15.A.throw　　　　B.shoot
C.aim　　　　D.glance
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 6　Disaster and hope
Part 2　Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.satellites　2.grabbed　3.forecast　4.crisis
5.emergency
Ⅱ.1.reliable　考查形容词。句意:她是一个可靠的朋友,她会一直在你身边。本空修饰名词friend,故应用形容词reliable,意为“可信赖的,可靠的”。
2.precisely　考查副词。句意:你的任务是帮助读者快速准确地理解你的信息。本空和空前副词quickly并列,修饰动词understand,故本空应用副词precisely,意为“准确地”。
3.exceptionally　考查副词。句意:到目前为止,科学家们只在野外发现了一小片这种花,这使得它非常罕见。本空修饰形容词rare,故应用副词exceptionally,意为“极其,非常”。
4.rescued　考查非谓语动词。句意:这个被消防员救出的孩子安全地与其父母团聚了。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语,故此处应用非谓语动词。本空修饰名词child,被修饰名词和动词rescue之间为被动关系,故本空应用过去分词形式。故填rescued。
5.to have completed　考查非谓语动词。句意:她声称已经完成了作业,但作业却无处可寻。claim to have done sth.意为“声称做了某事”,故本空应用不定式的完成式。故填to have completed。
6.threatening　考查非谓语动词。句意:几十年前,食物短缺是威胁中国人民的主要问题之一。分析句子可知,本句已有系动词was,故此处应用非谓语动词。本空修饰名词problems,被修饰名词和动词threaten之间为主动关系,故本空应用现在分词形式。故填threatening。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.Though tired　2.If necessary;faced with　3.Were I you
4.but Mary angry
题型(二)
1.even if/though fired　2.as if to look for something
3.my mother asked me not to　4.I know John won't
5.When/While staying
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化与美国住房危机之间的联系。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“On the surface, the state has one key advantage for people without a reliable roof over their heads: relatively consistent and livable weather.”可知,相对稳定和宜居的天气是导致加利福尼亚州无家可归人员增加的主要原因。故选A。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“outreach teams fanned out across the river bank and dam areas across the city that have become home to a significant unhoused population, offering support to move them into shelters and motels”可知,外展小组把大量无家可归的人转移到避难所和汽车旅馆等安全的地方。故选B。
3.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ashley Kelly说的话“Finding housing for any new clients is just not possible right now.”可知,Ashley Kelly认为现在不可能为任何新客户找到住房。因此在Ashley Kelly看来,毛伊岛现在的住房状况是很艰难的。故选D。
4.C　主旨大意题。
Para. 1 加利福尼亚州无家可归者增加,天气相对宜居是其主要原因。
Para. 2 洛杉矶应对倾盆大雨,安置无家可归者。
Para. 3 气候变化对弱势群体影响最大。
Para. 4 极端天气影响无家可归者,住房危机加剧。
Para. 5 以卡特里娜飓风为例,进一步说明气候变化加剧无家可归问题。
Para. 6 毛伊岛山火后住房危机加剧,难以为新客户找房。
通读全文可知,本文通过一些实例,介绍了气候变化与美国住房危机之间的联系。故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.relatively adv.相对地　2.consistent adj.连续的,始终如一的　3.livable adj.适宜居住的
4.subsequent adj.随后的,之后的　5.notable adj.值得注意的　6.pose v.造成(威胁、问题等);引起;产生
7.unpredictable adj.不可预测的　8.respond to对……作出反应　9.off guard猝不及防,措手不及　10.displace v.迫使(某人)离开家园;转移;挪开
【差距词汇】　1.downpour n.暴雨,倾盆大雨　2.fan out(使)展开,散开,成扇形散开
长难句
原句　As it became clear that the Los Angeles region could experience an extreme downpour and subsequent flooding, outreach teams fanned out across the river bank and dam areas across the city that have become home to a significant unhoused population, offering support to move them into shelters and motels.
分析　本句为主从复合句。As引导时间状语从句,意为“随着”;第一个that引导主语从句;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词the river bank and dam areas across the city;现在分词短语“offering support to move them into shelters and motels”作伴随状语。
译文　很明显,洛杉矶地区可能会遭遇特大暴雨和随后的洪水泛滥,外展小组分散到城市的河岸和水坝区,这些地方已经成了大量无家可归者的栖身之所,他们向这些人提供支持,帮助他们转移到避难处和汽车旅馆。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了火山的形成、喷发强度的决定因素、火山的危害和好处等。
1.C　上段介绍了用力摇晃苏打水,打开瓶盖,苏打水会喷得到处都是。C项“火山喷发的原理大致相同。”承接上文,介绍火山喷发的原理,并引出下文对火山喷发的详细介绍。
2.E　上文“The intensity of an eruption depends on a few factors. One is the magma's temperature. Another is the magma's thickness.”介绍了火山喷发的强度取决于几个因素:一是岩浆的温度;另一个是岩浆的厚度。E项“被困在里面的气体量也是一个重要因素。”承接上文,继续介绍第三个因素。
3.A　上文“Volcanoes can be destructive.”介绍火山具有破坏性;下文“The Hawaiian Islands were created by the eruptions of large low-lying volcanoes which are made up of layers of hardened lava.”提到夏威夷群岛是由大型低洼火山喷发形成的。A项“然而,它们也可以创造新的土地。”和上文构成转折关系,同时引出下文。
4.G　下文“Ash from volcanoes adds helpful minerals...which helps keep our planet cool.(火山灰为土壤添加了有益的矿物质。这有助于植物茁壮成长。健康的植物产生氧气供人和动物呼吸。火山也会带走地球内部的热量,这有助于保持地球凉爽。)”介绍了火山对地球起的重要作用,G项“火山在塑造地球方面起了重要作用。”引出下文。
5.D　根据上文“In recent years, a new benefit of volcanoes has surfaced.”可知,本段提到火山的一个新的好处,再根据下文中的“produce electricity”可知这个好处与发电有关,因此D项“科学家们正在利用火山来帮助为城市供能。”符合语境。
【高频词汇】　1.twist v.(用手)转动,旋转　2.cap n.盖,帽　3.release v.释放　4.beneath prep.在(或往)……下方　5.force n.力,力量　6.explosive adj.易爆炸的
7.intensity n.强度,烈度　8.destructive adj.破坏(或毁灭)性的　9.mineral n.矿物,矿物质　10.surface v.引起注意;浮出水面n.表面;表层
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一场暴风雨给作者所在的州和社区带来了很大影响,尽管危机降临,但是它激发了人们最好的本质。
1.C　根据下文“knocking down trees, 　2　 roads, damaging homes, and destroying power lines”可知,周五晚间,一场飓风袭来(struck),刮倒了树木,阻断了道路,毁坏了房屋,摧毁了电线。draw吸引;arise引起;fade逐渐消失。
2.D　根据上文“knocking down trees”可知,飓风刮倒了树木,阻断了(blocking)道路。close关闭;wipe擦净;narrow变窄。
3.B　根据下文“in the dark without water...television”可知,成千上万的人突然发现(found)自己处于黑暗中,没有水、电、空调、互联网和电视。devote投入;picture想象;pat轻拍。
4.A　根据上文可知,飓风阻断了道路,摧毁了电线,结合下文的“with no help(没有帮助)”可推知,他们与现代世界隔绝(cut off)了。 call off取消;tear down拆除;take off起飞。
5.D　根据上文“no idea”和下文的“would be over”可知,没有帮助,也不知道什么时候(when)会结束。
6.C　根据下文“it brought out the best in us”可知,它激发了我们最好的一面。因此这是一件令人惊讶的(amazing)事情。decent像样的;terrible可怕的;accidental意外的。
7.D　根据下文的“stealing”可知,此处用selfishness和stealing并列,指“自私”和偷窃的行为。distance距离;enthusiasm热情;prejudice偏见。
8.B　根据下文的“compassion”可知,此处用love与compassion并列,表示被“爱”和同情淹没。hate仇恨;respect尊敬;belief信念。
9.B　根据上文“destroying power lines”可知,此处是指家里还有电(power)的人为家里断电的人敞开家门。confidence信心;guidance指导;virtue美德。
10.C　根据上文“knocking down trees”和下文“roads”可知,人们冲出去清理(clear)道路上倒下的树木。destroy破坏;move移动;build建造。
11.A　根据上文“repair the damage”可知,无私的电力工作人员夜以继日地修复损坏并恢复(restore)供电。remove移开;return返回;reduce降低。
12.B　根据下文“We all get hurt.”可知,所有人都受伤了,没有人能幸免。spare有“使逃脱”的意思,符合语境。save节省;punish惩罚;forgive原谅。
13.C　根据上文“Life's disasters strike all of us from time to time.”可知,生活中的灾难不时地袭击我们所有人。因此,在生活中我们都会受到挑战(challenged)。cheat欺骗;remove移开;arrange安排。
14.B　根据下文“like devils of selfishness or like angels of love(像自私的魔鬼或爱的天使)”可知,我们对这些灾难的反应(react to)可以像自私的魔鬼一样,也可以像爱的天使一样。weigh on使担忧;take in吸收;care for喜爱。
15.A　根据上文的“bring the best from your heart and soul to(把你的内心和灵魂中最好的一面带给)”可知,此处用throw符合语境,throw...at...意为“把……扔给……”。shoot射击; aim瞄准;glance一瞥。
【高频词汇】　1.knock down撞倒,推倒　2.unbearable adj.无法忍受的　3.sink in被领会　4.compassion n.同情　5.crew n.全体工作人员　6.work around the clock夜以继日地工作　7.from time to time时不时地
长难句
原句　While there were a few acts of selfishness and stealing, they were overwhelmed by the wave of love and compassion that came from the hearts of so many.
分析　本句为主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽然”;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词the wave of love and compassion。
译文　虽然有一些自私和偷窃的行为,但它们被来自许多人心中的爱和同情淹没。
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