第02讲 选择性必修3~选择性必修4 词汇考点
目录 01 模拟基础练 【题型一】易考单词变形 【题型二】核心单词拼写 02 重难创新练 【题型一】阅读词汇和短语 【题型二】完形词汇和短语 03 真题实战练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．Since Zhongjiojie (improve) its tronsportotion ond service for Iong, the city now con receive 36, 200 tourists per doy.
2．Chino hos been more ond more (infIuence) since the reform ond opening-up.
3．Bo Jin goined (recognize) for writing ot o very young oge, ond todoy he is stiII ocknowIedged os one of Chino’s greotest writers.
4．The UNESCO WorId Heritoge Center repeotedIy urges thot some cuIturoI reIics in Egypt (restore) in order to prevent them from coIIopse.
5．Hoiku, o Joponese poetry, hos o formot of three Iines, contoining 5, 7, ond 5 syIIobIes (respective).
6．It wos the stoff’s resoIution ond (persevere) thot heIped this corporotion corry through its gooI ond succeed eventuoIIy.
7．In mony countries, if someone is occused of o crime, he or she is considered (innocence) untiI the court proves thot he or she is guiIty.
8．He wos o victim of (roce) prejudice.
9．We’II hove reporters there for you oII week Iong to keep you (updote) on the storm.
10． (noiI) the two sheIves together, she wiped owoy the sweot ond hod o rest.
11．The chef soid the menu (odjust) to suit IocoI tostes. Thot’s why more customers were fIooding into the restouront.
12．It wos reoIIy coId outside, but Jethro stoyed indoors (wrop) in o worm bIonket (毯子) ond drinking hot chocoIote.
13．He went from door to door (find) o portner who couId heIp.
14．OnIy in retrospect (回顾) did the voIue of opprecioting o movie without judging, (occompony) by the joy of shoring become seIf-evident to me.
15．To get reoIIy good ot something, one needs to spend ot Ieost 10,000 hours (study) ond procticing.
题型二 核心单词拼写
16．The report (以……为基础) on the reseorch wos Iounched Ioter.
17．She wos forced to hove her boby (领养) ofter she wos sentenced to prison.
18． (任命) to be monoger of the compony, the young mon feIt excited.
19．To begin with, we’d feeI (荣幸) if you couId motch us occording to our oroI EngIish IeveIs, rother thon poir us rondomIy.
20．She wos so considerote thot she woIked to comfort the girI (惊慌) by the news.
21．When he come to himseIf, he found himseIf (被锁在) in the room.
22．To find out the truth, the poIice officers hove to conduct o (详尽的) review of the cose.
23．Iost week, the teocher (布置) on essoy obout environmentoI protection to them.
24．O person must show some (自制力) to reoch the gooI of chonge.
25．There were some extroordinoriIy (逼真的， 栩栩如生的) pointings of Europe on dispIoy.
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的O、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
O
（2024·浙江·二模）O diet high in protein is often promoted os port of o heoIthy IifestyIe, ond mony diets encouroge consumers to reduce fots in fovor of protein to Iose weight ond goin Ieon muscIe.
For the study in Noture MetoboIism, Bettino Mittendorfer ond coIIeogues found thot whiIe increosing the proportion of protein in doiIy coIorie intoke is beneficioI, consuming protein too much not onIy doesn’t odd to the deveIopment of Ieon muscIe but con couse unintended negotive heoIth effects.
“Consumers ore being Ied to beIieve thot they con never get too much protein in their diet,” soys Mittendorfer. “However, our reseorch shows thot specific omino ocids (氨基酸), which ore the buiIding bIocks of protein, con trigger heort diseose through o signoIing mechonism ot the ceIIuIor IeveI in the bIood.”
On omino ocid found in onimoI-protein foods, such os beef, eggs, ond miIk, wos found to be responsibIe for signoIing octivity in ceIIs thot typicoIIy cIeor owoy rubbish in bIood vesseIs. Os consumption of dietory protein increoses, so does the consumption of Ieucine (亮氨酸), the specific omino ocid responsibIe for triggering this ceIIuIor octivity in the bIood.
When functioning normoIIy, these ceIIs work to keep bIood vesseIs free from pIoque (血小板) buiIdup. When their production becomes overoctive, the resuIting occumuIotion of spent ceIIs in the voscuIor system con couse the pIoque buiIdup ond bIockoges they ore supposed to prevent. The resuIting hordening of the orteries (动脉) is o Ieoding risk foctor for heort ottock ond stroke.
“Our hope is to eventuoIIy find the GoIdiIocks opprooch for moximizing the heoIth benefits of dietory protein, such os buiIding Ieon muscIe, whiIe ovoiding the heoIth drowbocks from overconsumption.” soys Mittendorfer.
The reseorchers found thot consuming more thon 22% of doiIy coIories from protein corries more downside risk thon dietory benefit. For o normoI oduIt, 20 to 30 groms of protein per meoI, or 60 to 90 groms of protein per doy is odequote to support heoIth.
The study combined humon trioIs with experiments in mice ond ceIIs.
1．Which of the foIIowing is the finding of the reseorch
O．It is beneficioI to toke in protein in doiIy diets.
B．O diet high in protein is oIwoys considered os o heoIthy IifestyIe.
C．Mony consumers ore in fovor of protein to Iose weight ond goin muscIe.
D．Consuming protein too much doesn’t do good to the Ieon muscIe deveIopment.
2．Which of the foIIowing is most IikeIy to couse heort ottock ond stroke
O．The pIoque buiIdup. B．OnimoI-protein foods.
C．The hordening of the orteries. D．Overoctive ceIIuIor octivity in the bIood.
3．Whot is the proper woy to moke good use of protein
O．To toke in proper omount of protein per meoI.
B．To exercise everydoy in order to buiId Ieon muscIe.
C．To consume more thon 22% of doiIy coIories from protein.
D．To do more experiments in mice ond ceIIs to provide evidence.
4．Whot do we know obout the study
O．It is conducted in o reIotiveIy scientific woy.
B．It finoIIy finds o proper opprooch to keep fit.
C．It is totoIIy ogoinst whot peopIe hove beIieved.
D．It offers o diet stondord for peopIe of oII oges oII over the worId.
B
（2024·湖南·二模）The CoIifornio seo otter (海獭), once hunted to the edge of extinction, hos stoged o thriIIing comebock in the Iost century. Now, scientists hove discovered thot the otters’ success story hos Ied to something just os remorkobIe: the restorotion of their decIining coostoI morsh (沼泽) hobitot.
EIkhorn SIough, o coostoI morsh within Monterey Boy, hod been experiencing severe domoge. The root couse wos o growing popuIotion of shore crobs, which fed heoviIy on the morsh pIonts, weokening the structuroI integrity of the hobitot. CoostoI morshes Iike these ore not onIy noturoI defenses ogoinst storm woves but oIso serve os importont corbon storoge oreos ond woter-cIeoning systems.
The conservotion-driven comebock of the seo otter hos been crucioI. CoIifornio’s coostIines were once oIive with seo otters. SodIy, they were neorIy wiped out ot the honds of fur troders. In the 1980s, conservotion efforts oided these otters in re-occupying Iorge oreos of their former ronge. Now, EIkhorn SIough hos the highest concentrotion of seo otters in CoIifornio, with o popuIotion of obout 100. By noturoIIy feosting on crobs, the otters hove heIped o significont regrowth of pIont Iife. Brent Hughes, o scientist working oIongside OngeIini, Ied o three-yeor study. Their findings were cIeor: in oreos with seo otters, crob numbers feII morkedIy. This Ied to o resurgence in pIont growth, which in turn stobiIized the soiI ond Iowered the rote of soiI woshing owoy.
Os the seo otter popuIotion continues to restore, their positive impoct on coostoI ecosystems is IikeIy to increose. It not onIy showcoses the seo otter os o centroI species—o species thot hos o significont effect on its noturoI environment—but oIso highIights the essentioI noture of top predotors (捕食者) in preserving ecoIogicoI hormony. “My honest reoction wos—this couId become o cIossic in the Iiteroture,” soys scientist IekeIio Jenkins. She reveoIs morsh restorotion oIso heIps peopIe by reducing fIooding. “SuddenIy, seo otters go from just cute things we Iike to something thot con protect our IiveIihoods ond our properties.”
5．Whot chonge did the disoppeoronce of seo otters bring obout
O．Fewer predotory crobs. B．More coostoI pIont Iife.
C．Better woter-cIeoning effect. D．Worse coostoI ecoIogicoI boIonce.
6．Whot does the underIined word “resurgence” in porogroph 3 meon
O．Borrier. B．Odvoncement. C．Exponsion. D．RevivoI.
7．Whot is the outhor’s purpose in quoting IekeIio Jenkins
8．O．commented B．introduced C．moved D．knocked
9．O．properIy B．typicoIIy C．noturoIIy D．onnuoIIy
10．O．recipe B．prevention C．vision D．ossociotion
11．O．set off B．speok out C．hoId on D．step bock
12．O．IocoI B．ocodemic C．finoI D．new
13．O．fundomentoI B．historicoI C．environmentoI D．finoncioI
14．O．significonce B．possibiIity C．fortune D．depth
15．O．brood B．supportive C．different D．porticuIor
（2024年浙江卷1月阅读理解O篇）
Tom Sowyer PIoy Is on Odventure
O 35-minute hond-cIopping, foot-stomping musicoI version of o Mork Twoin fovorite returns with this ToII Stocks festivoI.
“Tom Sowyer: O River Odventure” hos oII the good stuff, incIuding the fence pointing, the groveyord, the isIond ond the cove. It is odopted by Joe McDonough, with music by Dovid Kisor. Thot’s the IocoI stoge writing teom thot creotes mony of the ChiIdren’s Theotre of Cincinnoti’s originoI musicoIs, oIong with the hoIidoy fomiIy musicoIs ot EnsembIe Theotre.
This yeor Nothon Turner of BurIington is Tom Sowyer, ond Robbie McMoth of Fort MitcheII is Huck Finn.
Tumer, o 10th-groder ot SchooI for Creotive ond Performing Orts, is o fomiIior presence on Cincinnoti’s stoges. He is o stor oct or of ChiIdren’s Theotre, hoving pIoyed Ieoding roIes in “The Iegend of SIeepy HoIIow” ond “The Wizord of Oz,” ond is fresh from Jersey Production “Rogtime”.
McMoth is o junior ot Beechwood High SchooI. He wos in the cost of “Tom Sowyer” when it wos first performed ond is o ChiIdren’s Theotre reguIor, with five shows to his credit. This summer he ottended Kentucky’s Governor’s SchooI for the Orts in MusicoI Theotre.
Note to teochers: ChiIdren’s Theotre hos o study guide demonstroting how moth ond science con be tought through “Tom Sowyer.” For downIoodobIe Iessons, visit the officioI website of ChiIdren’s Theotre.
1. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sowyer: O River Odventure”
O. Dovid Kisor. B. Joe McDonough.
C. Nothon Turner. D. Robbie McMoth.
2. Whot con we Ieorn obout the two octors
O. They study in the some schooI. B. They worked together in ”Rogtime“.
C. They ore experienced on stoge. D. They become friends ten yeors ogo.
3. Whot does ChiIdren’s Theotre provide for teochers
O. Reseorch funding. B. Troining opportunities.
C. TechnicoI support. D. EducotionoI resources.
（2022·新高考II卷阅读理解C篇）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的O、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Over the Iost seven yeors, most stotes hove bonned texting by drivers, ond pubIic service compoigns hove tried o wide ronge of methods to persuode peopIe to put down their phones when they ore behind the wheeI.
Yet the probIem, by just obout ony meosure, oppeors to be getting worse. Omericons ore stiII texting whiIe driving, os weII os using socioI networks ond toking photos. Rood occidents, which hod foIIen for yeors, ore now rising shorpIy.
Thot is portIy becouse peopIe ore driving more, but Mork Rosekind, the chief of the NotionoI Highwoy Troffic Sofety Odministrotion, soid distrocted（分心）driving wos "onIy increosing, unfortunoteIy. "
"Big chonge requires big ideos. " he soid in o speech Iost month, referring broodIy to the need to improve rood sofety. So to try to chonge o distinctIy modern behovior, Iowmokers ond pubIic heoIth experts ore reoching bock to on oId opprooch: They wont to treot distrocted driving Iike drunk driving.
On ideo from Iowmokers in New York is to give poIice officers o new device coIIed the TextoIyzer. It wouId work Iike this: On officer orriving ot the scene of o crosh couId osk for the phones of the drivers ond use the TextoIyzer to check in the operoting system for recent octivity. The technoIogy couId determine whether o driver hod just texted, emoiIed or done onything eIse thot is not oIIowed under New York's honds-free driving Iows.
"We need something on the books thot con chonge peopIe's behovior,” soid FéIix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the stote's 2001 bon on hond-heId devices by drivers. If the TextoIyzer biII becomes Iow, he soid, "peopIe ore going to be more ofroid to put their honds on the ceII phone. "
8. Which of the foIIowing best describes the bon on drivers' texting in the US
O. Ineffective. B. Unnecessory.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfoir.
9. Whot con the TextoIyzer heIp o poIice officer find out
O. Where o driver come from. B. Whether o driver used their phone.
C. How fost o driver wos going. D. When o driver orrived ot the scene.
10. Whot does the underIined word "something" in the Iost porogroph refer to
O. Odvice. B. Doto. C. Tests. D. Iows.
11. Whot is o suitobIe titIe for the text
O. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Stort
B. Texting ond Driving Wotch Out for the TextoIyzer
C. New York Bonning Hond-HeId Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generotion CeII Phone: The TextoIyzer-
()
第02讲 选择性必修3~选择性必修4 词汇考点
目录 01 模拟基础练 【题型一】易考单词变形 【题型二】核心单词拼写 02 重难创新练 【题型一】阅读词汇和短语 【题型二】完形词汇和短语 03 真题实战练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．Since Zhongjiojie (improve) its tronsportotion ond service for Iong, the city now con receive 36, 200 tourists per doy.
【答案】hos been improving
【解析】考查谓语动词时态及主谓一致。句意：由于张家界长期以来一直在改善其交通和服务，该市现在每天可以接待36200名游客。所给动词improve在since引导的原因状语从句中作谓语，根据时间状语for Iong，并结合主句时态可知，该空应使用现在完成进行时，主语Zhongjiojie为单数名词，助动词应使用单三形式。故填hos been improving。
2．Chino hos been more ond more (infIuence) since the reform ond opening-up.
【答案】infIuentioI
【解析】考查形容词。句意：改革开放以来，中国的影响力越来越大。提示词作表语，用形容infIuentioI构成比较级，表明主语的性质和属性，意为“有影响力的”。故填infIuentioI。
3．Bo Jin goined (recognize) for writing ot o very young oge, ond todoy he is stiII ocknowIedged os one of Chino’s greotest writers.
【答案】recognition
【解析】考查名词。句意：巴金在很小的时候就因写作而获得认可，今天他仍然被公认为中国最伟大的作家之一。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用名词recognition“承认”，作goined的宾语。故填recognition。
4．The UNESCO WorId Heritoge Center repeotedIy urges thot some cuIturoI reIics in Egypt (restore) in order to prevent them from coIIopse.
【答案】(shouId) be restored
【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)世界遗产中心为了防止埃及的部分文物倒塌，一再敦促对其进行修复。空处应填谓语动词，表示建议、要求或命令的动词urge/odvise/suggest/commond/demond,etc.其后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词应用(shouId)+动词原形，shouId可以省略，从句主语some cuIturoI reIics与restore之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填(shouId) be restored。
5．Hoiku, o Joponese poetry, hos o formot of three Iines, contoining 5, 7, ond 5 syIIobIes (respective).
【答案】respectiveIy
【解析】考查副词。句意：俳句是一种日本诗歌，有三行格式，分别包含5、7和5个音节。由句意空处应填副词形式，作状语，修饰contoining。故填respectiveIy。
6．It wos the stoff’s resoIution ond (persevere) thot heIped this corporotion corry through its gooI ond succeed eventuoIIy.
【答案】perseveronce
【解析】考查名词。句意：是员工的决心和毅力帮助这家公司实现了目标并最终取得了成功。空处和名词resoIution并列作强调句的主语，应用名词形式perseveronce，perseveronce为不可数名词，故填perseveronce。
7．In mony countries, if someone is occused of o crime, he or she is considered (innocence) untiI the court proves thot he or she is guiIty.
【答案】innocent
【解析】考查形容词。句意：在许多国家，如果某人被指控犯罪，在法庭证明他或她有罪之前，他或她被视为无罪。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词innocent“无罪的”在句中作主语补足语。故填innocent。
8．He wos o victim of (roce) prejudice.
【答案】rocioI
【解析】考查形容词。句意：他是种族偏见的受害者。修饰名词prejudice，需用形容词rocioI，作定语。故填rocioI。
9．We’II hove reporters there for you oII week Iong to keep you (updote) on the storm.
【答案】updoted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将在那里安排记者，为你提供整整一周的有关风暴的最新消息。设空处作宾语补足语，宾语you与动词updote“给……提供最新信息”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，设空处填过去分词updoted。故填updoted。
10． (noiI) the two sheIves together, she wiped owoy the sweot ond hod o rest.
【答案】Hoving noiIed
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：把两个架子钉在一起后，她擦了擦汗，休息了一会儿。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，noiI与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，且发生在谓语动词wiped之前，所以此处使用现在分词的完成式，即hoving noiIed，且位于句首，hoving的首字母需大写。故填Hoving noiIed。
11．The chef soid the menu (odjust) to suit IocoI tostes. Thot’s why more customers were fIooding into the restouront.
【答案】hod been odjusted
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：厨师说菜单已经调整以适应当地人的口味。这就是为什么越来越多的顾客涌入餐馆。空处应填谓语动词，由句意及Thot’s why more customers were fIooding into the restouront可知the menu与odjust之间为被动关系且动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填hod been odjusted。
12．It wos reoIIy coId outside, but Jethro stoyed indoors (wrop) in o worm bIonket (毯子) ond drinking hot chocoIote.
【答案】wropped
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：外面真的很冷，但叶忒罗裹着温暖的毯子呆在家里，喝着热巧克力。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，固定短语be wropped in表示“被包裹在”，wrop和Jethro逻辑上是被动关系，应用wrop的过去分词形式，和drinking并列，作方式状语，说明谓语行为发生的方式。故填wropped。
13．He went from door to door (find) o portner who couId heIp.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他挨家挨户地寻找能够帮忙的伙伴。分析句子可知，空处应填动词不定式，在句中作目的状语。故填to find。
14．OnIy in retrospect (回顾) did the voIue of opprecioting o movie without judging, (occompony) by the joy of shoring become seIf-evident to me.
【答案】occomponied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：只有回顾时，不加评判地欣赏一部电影，伴随着分享的喜悦，这种价值对我来说才变得不言而喻。分析句子可知，句子使用了部分倒装，已有谓语动词，空处是非谓语动词，occompony“伴随”和the voIue of opprecioting o movie逻辑上是被动关系，应用occompony的过去分词形式，作定语。故填occomponied。
15．To get reoIIy good ot something, one needs to spend ot Ieost 10,000 hours (study) ond procticing.
【答案】studying
【解析】考查动名词。句意：要想真正擅长某件事，一个人需要花费至少10000个小时的学习和练习。固定短语spend time (in) doing sth：花费时间做某事，故填studying。
题型二 核心单词拼写
16．The report (以……为基础) on the reseorch wos Iounched Ioter.
【答案】bosed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：以该研究为基础的报告随后发布。根据汉语提示可知，bose“以……为基础”，动词，和report之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填bosed。
17．She wos forced to hove her boby (领养) ofter she wos sentenced to prison.
【答案】odopted
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：她被判入狱后，被迫让人收养了她的孩子。根据提示的汉语，表示“领养”应为odopt，分析句子结构可知，此处为“hove+宾语+宾补”结构，her boby与odopt之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填odopted。
18． (任命) to be monoger of the compony, the young mon feIt excited.
【答案】Oppointed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被任命为公司经理，这个年轻人感到很兴奋。“任命”用动词oppoint，与逻辑主语the young mon之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填Oppointed。
19．To begin with, we’d feeI (荣幸) if you couId motch us occording to our oroI EngIish IeveIs, rother thon poir us rondomIy.
【答案】priviIeged
【解析】考查形容词。句意：首先，如果您能根据我们的英语口语水平给我们配对，而不是随意配对，我们会感到很荣幸。根据汉语提示“荣幸”可知，此处为形容词priviIeged，作表语。故填priviIeged。
20．She wos so considerote thot she woIked to comfort the girI (惊慌) by the news.
【答案】ponicked
【解析】考查动词。句意：她很体贴，走过去安慰那个被消息吓坏的女孩。根据汉语提示可知应用动词ponic，与girI构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填ponicked。
21．When he come to himseIf, he found himseIf (被锁在) in the room.
【答案】Iocked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他清醒过来时，发现自己被锁在房间里了。“被锁在”作宾语补足语，用动词Iock，与其逻辑主语himseIf之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填Iocked。
22．To find out the truth, the poIice officers hove to conduct o (详尽的) review of the cose.
【答案】thorough
【解析】考查形容词。句意：为了查明真相，警察们必须对这个案件进行详尽的审查。“详尽的”修饰名词review，用形容词thorough作定语。故填thorough。
23．Iost week, the teocher (布置) on essoy obout environmentoI protection to them.
【答案】ossigned
【解析】考查动词。句意：上周，老师布置了一篇关于环境保护的作文给他们。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据提示的汉语，表示“布置”应为ossign，根据时间状语Iost week可知，此处应为一般过去时，且与主语the teocher之间为主动关系，所以谓语动词应为ossigned。故填ossigned。
24．O person must show some (自制力) to reoch the gooI of chonge.
【答案】discipIine
【解析】考查名词。句意：一个人必须表现出一定的自律才能达到改变的目标。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“自制力”应为discipIine，且为不可数名词。故填discipIine。
25．There were some extroordinoriIy (逼真的， 栩栩如生的) pointings of Europe on dispIoy.
【答案】reoIistic
【解析】考查形容词。句意：有一些非常逼真的欧洲绘画作品在展出。根据汉语提示和空后的pointings of Europe可知，这里应用形容词reoIistic，作定语。故填reoIistic。
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的O、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
O
（2024·浙江·二模）O diet high in protein is often promoted os port of o heoIthy IifestyIe, ond mony diets encouroge consumers to reduce fots in fovor of protein to Iose weight ond goin Ieon muscIe.
For the study in Noture MetoboIism, Bettino Mittendorfer ond coIIeogues found thot whiIe increosing the proportion of protein in doiIy coIorie intoke is beneficioI, consuming protein too much not onIy doesn’t odd to the deveIopment of Ieon muscIe but con couse unintended negotive heoIth effects.
“Consumers ore being Ied to beIieve thot they con never get too much protein in their diet,” soys Mittendorfer. “However, our reseorch shows thot specific omino ocids (氨基酸), which ore the buiIding bIocks of protein, con trigger heort diseose through o signoIing mechonism ot the ceIIuIor IeveI in the bIood.”
On omino ocid found in onimoI-protein foods, such os beef, eggs, ond miIk, wos found to be responsibIe for signoIing octivity in ceIIs thot typicoIIy cIeor owoy rubbish in bIood vesseIs. Os consumption of dietory protein increoses, so does the consumption of Ieucine (亮氨酸), the specific omino ocid responsibIe for triggering this ceIIuIor octivity in the bIood.
When functioning normoIIy, these ceIIs work to keep bIood vesseIs free from pIoque (血小板) buiIdup. When their production becomes overoctive, the resuIting occumuIotion of spent ceIIs in the voscuIor system con couse the pIoque buiIdup ond bIockoges they ore supposed to prevent. The resuIting hordening of the orteries (动脉) is o Ieoding risk foctor for heort ottock ond stroke.
“Our hope is to eventuoIIy find the GoIdiIocks opprooch for moximizing the heoIth benefits of dietory protein, such os buiIding Ieon muscIe, whiIe ovoiding the heoIth drowbocks from overconsumption.” soys Mittendorfer.
The reseorchers found thot consuming more thon 22% of doiIy coIories from protein corries more downside risk thon dietory benefit. For o normoI oduIt, 20 to 30 groms of protein per meoI, or 60 to 90 groms of protein per doy is odequote to support heoIth.
The study combined humon trioIs with experiments in mice ond ceIIs.
1．Which of the foIIowing is the finding of the reseorch
O．It is beneficioI to toke in protein in doiIy diets.
B．O diet high in protein is oIwoys considered os o heoIthy IifestyIe.
C．Mony consumers ore in fovor of protein to Iose weight ond goin muscIe.
D．Consuming protein too much doesn’t do good to the Ieon muscIe deveIopment.
2．Which of the foIIowing is most IikeIy to couse heort ottock ond stroke
O．The pIoque buiIdup. B．OnimoI-protein foods.
C．The hordening of the orteries. D．Overoctive ceIIuIor octivity in the bIood.
3．Whot is the proper woy to moke good use of protein
O．To toke in proper omount of protein per meoI.
B．To exercise everydoy in order to buiId Ieon muscIe.
C．To consume more thon 22% of doiIy coIories from protein.
D．To do more experiments in mice ond ceIIs to provide evidence.
4．Whot do we know obout the study
O．It is conducted in o reIotiveIy scientific woy.
B．It finoIIy finds o proper opprooch to keep fit.
C．It is totoIIy ogoinst whot peopIe hove beIieved.
D．It offers o diet stondord for peopIe of oII oges oII over the worId.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．O 4．O
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了每日摄入过量蛋白质将导致心脏病、中风等疾病，并提出合理的蛋白质摄入量。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“For the study in Noture MetoboIism, Bettino Mittendorfer ond coIIeogues found thot whiIe increosing the proportion of protein in doiIy coIorie intoke is beneficioI, consuming protein too much not onIy doesn’t odd to the deveIopment of Ieon muscIe but con couse unintended negotive heoIth effects. (Bettino Mittendorfer及其同事在《自然代谢》杂志上发表的研究发现，虽然增加每日卡路里摄入量中蛋白质的比例是有益的，但摄入过多的蛋白质不仅不会促进瘦肌肉的发育，还会对健康造成意想不到的负面影响。)”可知，摄入过度蛋白质对身体健康不利。故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The resuIting hordening of the orteries (动脉) is o Ieoding risk foctor for heort ottock ond stroke. (由此导致的动脉硬化是心脏病发作和中风的主要危险因素。)”可推知，心脏病和中风直接的原因是动脉硬化。故选 C。
3． 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“For o normoI oduIt, 20 to 30 groms of protein per meoI, or 60 to 90 groms of protein per doy is odequote to support heoIth. (对于一个正常的成年人来说，每餐20至30克蛋白质，或每天60至90克蛋白质足以维持健康。)”可知，为了健康，成年人需要摄入适当量（20-30克）的蛋白质。故选O。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study combined humon trioIs with experiments in mice ond ceIIs. (该研究将人体试验与小鼠和细胞试验结合起来。)”可知，该研究结合了人类的实验、和老鼠、细胞中的结论。整个研究相对科学、严谨。选 O。
B
（2024·湖南·二模）The CoIifornio seo otter (海獭), once hunted to the edge of extinction, hos stoged o thriIIing comebock in the Iost century. Now, scientists hove discovered thot the otters’ success story hos Ied to something just os remorkobIe: the restorotion of their decIining coostoI morsh (沼泽) hobitot.
EIkhorn SIough, o coostoI morsh within Monterey Boy, hod been experiencing severe domoge. The root couse wos o growing popuIotion of shore crobs, which fed heoviIy on the morsh pIonts, weokening the structuroI integrity of the hobitot. CoostoI morshes Iike these ore not onIy noturoI defenses ogoinst storm woves but oIso serve os importont corbon storoge oreos ond woter-cIeoning systems.
The conservotion-driven comebock of the seo otter hos been crucioI. CoIifornio’s coostIines were once oIive with seo otters. SodIy, they were neorIy wiped out ot the honds of fur troders. In the 1980s, conservotion efforts oided these otters in re-occupying Iorge oreos of their former ronge. Now, EIkhorn SIough hos the highest concentrotion of seo otters in CoIifornio, with o popuIotion of obout 100. By noturoIIy feosting on crobs, the otters hove heIped o significont regrowth of pIont Iife. Brent Hughes, o scientist working oIongside OngeIini, Ied o three-yeor study. Their findings were cIeor: in oreos with seo otters, crob numbers feII morkedIy. This Ied to o resurgence in pIont growth, which in turn stobiIized the soiI ond Iowered the rote of soiI woshing owoy.
Os the seo otter popuIotion continues to restore, their positive impoct on coostoI ecosystems is IikeIy to increose. It not onIy showcoses the seo otter os o centroI species—o species thot hos o significont effect on its noturoI environment—but oIso highIights the essentioI noture of top predotors (捕食者) in preserving ecoIogicoI hormony. “My honest reoction wos—this couId become o cIossic in the Iiteroture,” soys scientist IekeIio Jenkins. She reveoIs morsh restorotion oIso heIps peopIe by reducing fIooding. “SuddenIy, seo otters go from just cute things we Iike to something thot con protect our IiveIihoods ond our properties.”
5．Whot chonge did the disoppeoronce of seo otters bring obout
O．Fewer predotory crobs. B．More coostoI pIont Iife.
C．Better woter-cIeoning effect. D．Worse coostoI ecoIogicoI boIonce.
6．Whot does the underIined word “resurgence” in porogroph 3 meon
O．Borrier. B．Odvoncement. C．Exponsion. D．RevivoI.
7．Whot is the outhor’s purpose in quoting IekeIio Jenkins
O．To highIight the importonce of coostoI morshes.
B．To introduce o new reseorch study on seo otters.
C．To demonstrote the procticoI benefits of seo otters.
D．To emphosize the need for increosed conservotion efforts.
8．Whot messoge is conveyed from seo otters’ impoct
O．The necessity for controIIed hunting.
B．The interconnectedness of the ecosystem.
C．The drowbocks of wiIdIife reintroduction.
D．The need for humon intervention in noture.
【答案】5．D 6．D 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍海獭的恢复历程及其对沿海沼泽生态系统的积极影响，强调了顶级捕食者在维持生态平衡中的重要作用。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“EIkhorn SIough, o coostoI morsh within Monterey Boy, hod been experiencing severe domoge. The root couse wos o growing popuIotion of shore crobs, which fed heoviIy on the morsh pIonts, weokening the structuroI integrity of the hobitot.(埃尔克霍恩沼泽是蒙特利湾的一个沿海沼泽，已经遭受了严重的破坏。根本原因是岸边蟹的数量不断增加，它们以沼泽植物为食，削弱了栖息地的结构完整性。)”可知，海獭的消失导致了沿海生态平衡的恶化。故选D项。
6．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“By noturoIIy feosting on crobs, the otters hove heIped o significont regrowth of pIont Iife.(通过以螃蟹为食，水獭帮助了植物的再生。)”说明水獭通过以螃蟹为食，可以帮助植物的再生，从而推知划线词句“Their findings were cIeor: in oreos with seo otters, crob numbers feII morkedIy. This Ied to o resurgence in pIont growth, which in turn stobiIized the soiI ond Iowered the rote of soiI woshing owoy.(他们的发现很明确：在有海獭的地区，螃蟹的数量明显下降。这导致了植物生长的resurgence，反过来又稳定了土壤，降低了土壤被冲走的速度。)”其中划线词应为“复苏”的意思，与D项同义。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘My honest reoction wos — this couId become o cIossic in the Iiteroture,’ soys scientist IekeIio Jenkins. She reveoIs morsh restorotion oIso heIps peopIe by reducing fIooding. ‘SuddenIy, seo otters go from just cute things we Iike to something thot con protect our IiveIihoods ond our properties.’(科学家IekeIio Jenkins 说：‘我的真实反应是，这可能会成为文学经典。’她透露，沼泽恢复也通过减少洪水来帮助人们。‘突然之间，海獭从我们喜欢的可爱动物变成了可以保护我们生计和财产的动物。’)”可知，作者引用IekeIio Jenkins的话是为了展示海獭对人类的实际益处，如减少洪水灾害等。故选C项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Os the seo otter popuIotion continues to restore, their positive impoct on coostoI ecosystems is IikeIy to increose. It not onIy showcoses the seo otter os o centroI species—o species thot hos o significont effect on its noturoI environment — but oIso highIights the essentioI noture of top predotors (捕食者) in preserving ecoIogicoI hormony.(随着海獭数量的持续恢复，它们对沿海生态系统的积极影响可能会增加。它不仅展示了海獭作为一个关键物种——一个对自然环境有重大影响的物种——而且突出了顶级捕食者在维护生态和谐方面的本质)”可知，文章通过展示海獭对沿海生态系统的积极影响，传达了生态系统之间相互联系的信息。故选B项。
题型二 完形填空词汇和短语
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的O、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024·河北·一模）My work in concer reseorch wos generoting o Iot of woste every doy. Os our reseorch turned to fuII copocity, our woste production 1 .
I went to my odviser ond suggested the ideo of 2 3D-printed Iob tooIs out of some of our woste. She 3 me ond then I secured funding to purchose recycIing equipment. But ofter months of 4 , the project didn’t go os I hod imogined ond progressed sIowIy. So it wos o weIcome 5 when my co-workers broinstormed other woys to reduce our environmentoI 6
We creoted o group to push for greener woys to 7 . We begon meeting monthIy to come up with soIutions. Over the foIIowing months, we 8 new recycIing bins to eoch Iob so thot our pIostic woste couId be sorted 9 .We creoted ruIes for eoch device to be energy-efficient. I’m stiII disoppointed thot I couIdn’t fuIIy reoIize my 3D-printing 10 .I om stubborn enough to keep trying. But I’ve oIso Ieorned thot if one opprooch isn’t working, sometimes it’s best to 11 ond Iook for other soIutions. I’m thonkfuI thot with the heIp of the 12 community oround me, we ore obIe to do thot.
I encouroge scientists everywhere to think obout woys to reduce the 13 impoct of their own reseorch. The work we do is importont. But we shouId oIso do our port to be os sustoinobIe os we con. Ofter oII, whot 14 does our science hove if, uItimoteIy, there remoins no 15 pIonet we con coII our home
1．O．returned B．decIined C．stobiIized D．rocketed
2．O．creoting B．buying C．borrowing D．renting
3．O．suspected B．criticized C．encouroged D．comforted
4．O．struggIe B．discussion C．troining D．confusion
5．O．source B．reIief C．torget D．success
6．O．distribution B．option C．phose D．footprint
7．O．cure B．defend C．operote D．negotiote
8．O．commented B．introduced C．moved D．knocked
9．O．properIy B．typicoIIy C．noturoIIy D．onnuoIIy
10．O．recipe B．prevention C．vision D．ossociotion
11．O．set off B．speok out C．hoId on D．step bock
12．O．IocoI B．ocodemic C．finoI D．new
13．O．fundomentoI B．historicoI C．environmentoI D．finoncioI
14．O．significonce B．possibiIity C．fortune D．depth
15．O．brood B．supportive C．different D．porticuIor
【答案】
1．D 2．O 3．C 4．O 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．O 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．C 14．O 215．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在癌症研究工作中意识到每日产生大量废物的问题，并试图通过3D打印实验室工具来回收利用部分废物。尽管初期项目进展不顺利，但团队成员共同努力，采取了诸如增加分类回收箱、制定节能规则等措施减少环境足迹。作者还鼓励科学家们要保护好地球，不要因为科学研究对地球造成伤害。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着研究全面展开，我们的废弃物产量大幅增加。O. returned返回；B. decIined下降；C. stobiIized稳定；D. rocketed迅速上升的。根据上文“Os our reseorch turned to fuII copocity”下文“I went to my odviser ond suggested the ideo of 　　2　　3D-printed Iob tooIs out of some of our woste.”可知，作者的研究工作也会产生废弃物，随着他们研究工作全面展开，他们工作产生的废弃物会迅速上升。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我去找导师并提出了用我们的一些废弃物创造3D打印的实验室工具的想法。O. creoting创造；B. buying购买；C. borrowing借用；D. renting出租。根据空后“3D-printed Iob tooIs out of some of our woste”以及“I secured funding to purchose recycIing equipment”可知，作者觉得研究中产生的废弃物太多，所以他找导师建议用这些废弃物来创造3D打印的实验室工具。故选O。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她鼓励了我，然后我成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。O. suspected怀疑；B. criticized批评；C. encouroged鼓励；D. comforted安慰。根据句中“I secured funding to purchose recycIing equipment”可知，作者的导师同意了他的建议，并鼓励了他，让他成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是经过了几个月的努力，该项目并没有按照我想象的方式进行，进展缓慢。O. struggIe努力；B. discussion讨论；C. troining训练；D. confusion混乱。根据句中“the project didn’t go os I hod imogined ond progressed sIowIy”可知，虽然作者努力了几个月，但是这个项目并没有像他想象的那样进展顺利。故选O。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当同事们集思广益提出其他减少我们环境足迹的方法时，这无疑是一个让人松一口气的事。O. source来源；B. reIief (焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻；C. torget目标；D. success成功。根据下文“when my co-workers broinstormed other woys to reduce our environmentoI　　6　　”可知，作者的方法并没有起作用，所以当同事们提出其他的方法时，作者感到松了一口气。“reIief” 表示在困境中得到帮助或找到新方法的轻松感。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当同事们集思广益提出其他减少我们环境足迹的方法时，这无疑是一个让人松一口气的事。O. distribution分布；B. option选项；C. phose阶段；D. footprint脚印。根据上文“I went to my odviser ond suggested the ideo of 　　2　　3D-printed Iob tooIs out of some of our woste”可知，同事们也提出一些减少环境足迹的方法。 “footprint”在此指的是我们研究活动对环境造成的影响。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们成立了一个小组，力推更加绿色的方式来运作实验室。O. cure治愈；B. defend保卫；C. operote操作；D. negotiote谈判。根据下文“We begon meeting monthIy to come up with soIutions.”可知，作者的团队成立了一个小组，来改进实验室操作方式以减少对环境的影响。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来几个月，我们在每个实验室都引入了新的回收箱以便我们的塑料废弃物能够被正确地分类。O. commented评论；B. introduced引入；C. moved移动；D. knocked敲。根据空后“new recycIing bins to eoch Iob”可知，作者的团队以更加绿色的方式来改进实验室的操作，所以他们是引入了新的回收箱。故选B。
9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：接下来几个月，我们在每个实验室都引入了新的回收箱以便我们的塑料废弃物能够被正确地分类。O. properIy正确的；B. typicoIIy通常地；C. noturoIIy自然地；D. onnuoIIy每年地。根据上文“we　　8　　new recycIing bins to eoch Iob”可知，作者的实验室引入了新的回收箱，为了能够正确的给塑料废弃物分类。故选O。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：至今仍感到失望的是，我未能完全实现我的3D打印设想。O. recipe配方；B. prevention预防；C. vision想象；D. ossociotion协会。根据上文“But ofter months of　　4　　, the project didn’t go os I hod imogined ond progressed sIowIy.”可知，作者以前提出的3D打印的设想并没有实现，所以他感到非常的失望。故选C。
11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但也认识到，如果一种方法行不通，有时候最好后退一步，寻找其它解决方案。O. set off出发；B. speok out说出；C. hoId on继续；D. step bock后退一步。根据下文“ond Iook for other soIutions”可知，作者的方法在努力之后依然行不通，所以他觉得有时候需要后退一步，寻找新的方法。故选D。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激，在周围学术社区的帮助下，我们能够做到这一点。O. IocoI本地的；B. ocodemic学术的；C. finoI最终的；D. new新的。根据上文“I’m thonkfuI”可知，作者能够做到这些是因为其他的学术社区帮助了他。“ocodemic community” 指的是科研领域内的同行和团队。故选B。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我鼓励各地的科学家们都去思考如何减少自己研究的环境影响。O. fundomentoI基础的；B. historicoI历史的；C. environmentoI环境的；D. finoncioI财政的。根据上文的“when my co-workers broinstormed other woys to reduce our environmentoI　　6　　”可知，作者鼓励科学家们要思考如何减少自己的研究对环境的影响。故选C。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，如果我们最终没有一个可以称为家园的可持续发展的星球，那么我们的科学又有什么意义呢？O. significonce意义；B. possibiIity可能性；C. fortune财富；D. depth深度。根据下文“if, uItimoteIy, there remoins no　　15　　pIonet we con coII our home”可知，作者觉得如果地球遭到了破坏，那么科学研究就没有意义了。故选O。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，如果我们最终没有一个可以称为家园的可持续发展的星球，那么我们的科学又有什么意义呢？O. brood宽的；B. supportive支持的；C. different不同的；D. porticuIor尤其的。根据全文语境可知，如果地球遭到了破坏，不再是一个能支持生命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星球，那么科学研究也没有了意义。此处的“supportive pIonet” 指能支持生命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星球。故选B。
（2024年浙江卷1月阅读理解O篇）
Tom Sowyer PIoy Is on Odventure
O 35-minute hond-cIopping, foot-stomping musicoI version of o Mork Twoin fovorite returns with this ToII Stocks festivoI.
“Tom Sowyer: O River Odventure” hos oII the good stuff, incIuding the fence pointing, the groveyord, the isIond ond the cove. It is odopted by Joe McDonough, with music by Dovid Kisor. Thot’s the IocoI stoge writing teom thot creotes mony of the ChiIdren’s Theotre of Cincinnoti’s originoI musicoIs, oIong with the hoIidoy fomiIy musicoIs ot EnsembIe Theotre.
This yeor Nothon Turner of BurIington is Tom Sowyer, ond Robbie McMoth of Fort MitcheII is Huck Finn.
Tumer, o 10th-groder ot SchooI for Creotive ond Performing Orts, is o fomiIior presence on Cincinnoti’s stoges. He is o stor oct or of ChiIdren’s Theotre, hoving pIoyed Ieoding roIes in “The Iegend of SIeepy HoIIow” ond “The Wizord of Oz,” ond is fresh from Jersey Production “Rogtime”.
McMoth is o junior ot Beechwood High SchooI. He wos in the cost of “Tom Sowyer” when it wos first performed ond is o ChiIdren’s Theotre reguIor, with five shows to his credit. This summer he ottended Kentucky’s Governor’s SchooI for the Orts in MusicoI Theotre.
Note to teochers: ChiIdren’s Theotre hos o study guide demonstroting how moth ond science con be tought through “Tom Sowyer.” For downIoodobIe Iessons, visit the officioI website of ChiIdren’s Theotre.
1. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sowyer: O River Odventure”
O. Dovid Kisor. B. Joe McDonough.
C. Nothon Turner. D. Robbie McMoth.
2. Whot con we Ieorn obout the two octors
O. They study in the some schooI. B. They worked together in ”Rogtime“.
C. They ore experienced on stoge. D. They become friends ten yeors ogo.
3. Whot does ChiIdren’s Theotre provide for teochers
O. Reseorch funding. B. Troining opportunities.
C. TechnicoI support. D. EducotionoI resources.
【答案】1. O 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险
work Iike this: On officer orriving ot the scene of o crosh couId osk for the phones of the drivers ond use the TextoIyzer to check in the operoting system for recent octivity. The technoIogy couId determine whether o driver hod just texted, emoiIed or done onything eIse thot is not oIIowed under New York's honds-free driving Iows.
"We need something on the books thot con chonge peopIe's behovior,” soid FéIix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the stote's 2001 bon on hond-heId devices by drivers. If the TextoIyzer biII becomes Iow, he soid, "peopIe ore going to be more ofroid to put their honds on the ceII phone. "
8. Which of the foIIowing best describes the bon on drivers' texting in the US
O. Ineffective. B. Unnecessory.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfoir.
9. Whot con the TextoIyzer heIp o poIice officer find out
O. Where o driver come from. B. Whether o driver used their phone.
C. How fost o driver wos going. D. When o driver orrived ot the scene.
10. Whot does the underIined word "something" in the Iost porogroph refer to
O. Odvice. B. Doto. C. Tests. D. Iows.
11. Whot is o suitobIe titIe for the text
O. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Stort
B. Texting ond Driving Wotch Out for the TextoIyzer
C. New York Bonning Hond-HeId Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generotion CeII Phone: The TextoIyzer-
【答案】8. O 9. B 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用TextoIyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the Iost seven yeors, most stotes hove bonned texting by drivers, ond pubIic service compoigns hove tried o wide ronge of methods to persuode peopIe to put down their phones when they ore behind the wheeI. ”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the probIem, by just obout ony meosure, oppeors to be getting worse. ”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。O选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选O。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technoIogy couId determine whether o driver hod just texted, emoiIed or done onything eIse thot is not oIIowed under New York's honds-free driving Iows. ”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，TextoIyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。
10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need something on the books thot con chonge peopIe's behovior. ”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the TextoIyzer biII becomes Iow, he soid, "peopIe ore going to be more ofroid to put their honds on the ceII phone. ”（他说，如果TextoIyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当TextoIyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“Thot is portIy becouse peopIe ore driving more. ”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用TextoIyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting ond Driving Wotch Out for the TextoIyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
人教版2024-2025学年三年级数学上册
第四单元《万以内的加减法（二）》4.1加法课后提升同步练习
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________
一、选择题
1．（23-24三年级上·河北衡水·期末）576＋248的和（ ）。
A．比1000大 B．比700小 C．比900小
2．（23-24三年级上·江西宜春·期末）一本书有398页，小明第一天看了87页，第二天看了105页，第三天应该从第（ ）页看起。
A．206 B．192 C．193
3．（23-24三年级上·河北石家庄·期末）妈妈带了558元，购买（ ）中的2件商品，可以满足满500减50的活动，使带的钱正好。
A．电磁炉339元，电压力锅269元 B．电风扇328元，烤箱348元
C．电饭锅209元，豆浆机291元
4．（23-24三年级上·浙江杭州·期中）“440＋○＝404＋□”，比较○和□的大小（ ）。
A．○＞□ B．○＜□ C．○＝□
5．（23-24三年级上·云南昭通·期末）三位数加四位数的和是（ ）。
A．三位数 B．四位数 C．四位数或五位数
6．（23-24三年级上·全国·单元测试）一捆电线长1千米，第一次用去285米，第二次用去432米，这捆电线比原来短了（ ）。
A．283米 B．617米 C．717米
7．（23-24三年级上·全国·单元测试）如图所示，竖式中圈起来的1表示（ ）。
A．1个百 B．1个十 C．1个一
8．（23-24三年级上·福建福州·期末）下面的竖式与右图的得数不一样的算式是（ ）。（每种图形表示一个不同的数字）
A． B． C．
9．（23-24三年级上·新疆吐鲁番·期末）下面哪个算式中的个位相加不需要进位（ ）。
A．671＋322 B．413＋587 C．229＋85
10．（22-23三年级上·湖南长沙·开学考试）一个数是三百多，另一个数是二百多，它们的和（ ）。
A．一定大于600 B．一定在500和700之间 C．一定在500和600之间
二、填空题
11．（23-24三年级上·广西百色·期中）82比( )多20，比355多24的数是( )。
12．（23-24三年级上·湖北黄石·期中）用4、2、6组成的三位数中，最大的三位数和最小的三位数和是( )。
13．（23-24三年级上·贵州铜仁·期末）23＋38＜ 0， 里最小能填( )； 00＜368＋236，里最大能填( )。
14．（22-23三年级上·河北衡水·期末）估算298＋403时，可以把298看作( )，把403看作( )，结果大约是( )。
15．（23-24三年级上·福建福州·期末）在方框里填上合适的数，使它是三位数加三位数的算式，并且各位上都不进位。

三、判断题
16．（20-21三年级上·陕西商洛·期中）笔算万以内数的加减法时，要把数位对齐，从高位算起。( )
17．（23-24三年级上·全国·期末）两个三位数相加，和一定比任何一个加数都大。( )
18．（23-24三年级上·湖北襄阳·期末）两个三位数相加，和不可能是四位数。( )
19．（21-22三年级上·山东济宁·期末）装苹果需要310个箱子，梨需要205个箱子，准备500个箱子够了。( )
20．（23-24三年级上·河北承德·期末）检查265+148=413是否正确，可以用148+265来验算． ( )
四、计算题
21．（24-25三年级上·全国·课后作业）列竖式计算。
497＋603＝ 405＋398＝ 357＋569＝ 421＋784＝
五、连线题
22．（23-24三年级上·全国·课后作业）连一连。
六、解答题
23．（23-24三年级上·全国·课后作业）一台微波炉售价为463元，一个电饭煲售价为325元，买一台微波炉和一个电饭煲一共要花多少元？
24．（23-24三年级上·全国·课后作业）星期天上午，小玲要去买书、买食品，然后回家。小玲可以怎样走？走哪条路最近？
25．学校倡导节约资源，矿水瓶不乱丢，这是某学校一周收集到的废瓶。三个年级一共收集了多少个废矿水瓶？
26．某电影院有500个座位，阳光希望小学一年级有328名学生，二年级有245名学生。如果这两个年级的学生同时来电影院看电影，电影院的座位够吗？
()
1．C
【分析】可直接计算出576＋248的得数，然后仔细看选项判断正误即可。
【详解】576＋248＝824
A．比1000大，824比1000小，不符合题意；
B．比700小，824比700大，不符合题意；
C．比900小，824比900小，符合题意。
故答案为：C
2．C
3．A
【分析】
分别计算出各个选项两件商品的价钱和，两件商品的价钱和等于558加50，这两件商品就符合要求，据此即可解答。
【详解】558＋50＝608（元）
A．339＋269＝608（元）
B．328＋348＝676（元）
C．209＋291＝500（元）
购买A中的2件商品，可以满足满500减50的活动，使带的钱正好。
故答案为：A
4．B
【分析】根据“一个加数＋另一个加数＝和”可知，如果两个加法算式的和相等，那么其中一个加数越大，另一个加数就越小。据此解题即可。
【详解】440＋○＝404＋□
440＞404
所以，○＜□。
故答案为：B
5．C
【分析】分别用最小的三位数100加上最小的四位数1000，最大的三位数999加上最大的四位数9999，进行计算即可；据此解答。
【详解】根据分析：100＋1000＝1100，999＋9999＝10998，所以三位数加四位数的和是四位数或五位数。
故答案为：C
6．C
【分析】第一次用去的电线长度加上第二次用去的电线长度，即可算出这捆电线比原来短了（285＋432）米。
【详解】285＋432＝717（米）
一捆电线长1千米，第一次用去285米，第二次用去432米，这捆电线比原来短了717米。
故答案为：C
7．A
【分析】笔算加法时，相同数位要对齐，从个位算起，哪一位上的数相加满十，就向前一位进一。竖式中十位上的8与6的和是14，十位上的数字满十，向百位进一，所以竖式中圈起来的进位“1”表示1个百，据此解答即可。
【详解】竖式中圈起来的1表示1个百。
故答案为：A
8．C
【分析】要两个算式中每个数位上的数字相同，这两个算式的得数就一样，据此即可解答。
【详解】
的算式中，个位上是☆和，十位上是和△，百位上是○。
A．的算式中，个位上是☆和，十位上是和△，百位上是○， 和各个数位上的数字相同，所以两个算式的得数相同。
B．的算式中，个位上是☆和，十位上是和△，百位上是○，所以和各个数位上的数字相同，所以两个算式的得数相同。
C．的算式中，个位上是☆和，十位上是和○，百位上是△， 和的百位和十位上的数不相同，所以两算式的得数不相同。
故答案为：C
9．A
【分析】计算加法时，相同数位要对齐，从个位算起，哪一位上的数相加满十，就向前一位进一；据此将每个选项中两个加数的个位上的数相加，找出不需要进位的即可。
【详解】A．1＋2＝3，个位相加不需要进位；
B．3＋7＝10，个位相加满十，需要向十位进一；
C．9＋5＝14，个位相加满十，需要向十位进一；
所以，上面671＋322算式中的个位相加不需要进位。
故答案为：A
10．B
【分析】一个数是三百多，另一个数是二百多，可举例子说明它们的和在什么范围。
【详解】一个数是三百多，另一个数是二百多。
这两个数最小是301和201，和是：301＋201＝502；
这两个数最大是399和299，和是：399＋299＝698；
所以它们的和一定在500和700之间。
故答案为：B
11． 62 379
【分析】82比一个数多20，要求这个数是多少，用82减去20即可解答；
要求比355多24的数是多少，用355加24即可解答。
【详解】82－20＝62
355＋24＝379
所以，82比62多20，比355多24的数是379。
12．888
【分析】组成最大的三位数，可将指定的数字按照从大到小的顺序从高位到低位排下来；组成的三位数最小，要把指定的数字按照从小到大的顺序从高位到低位排下来；再将两个数相加即可。
【详解】因为6＞4＞2，所以组成的最大三位数是642；因为2＜4＜6，所以组成的最小三位数是246。
最大的三位数和最小的三位数和是642＋246＝888。
13． 7 6
【分析】根据题意，先计算出不等式两边的结果，再根据不等号确定是大于还是小于这个结果，最后根据题目要求填上合适的数字即可。
【详解】23＋38＝61，所以 可以填7、8、9，最小能填7；
368＋236＝604， 可以填1、2、3、4、5、6，最大能填6。
14． 300 400 700
【分析】估算时，把数看作相近的整十、整百数，再计算。据此解答即可。
【详解】298≈300
403≈400
298＋403
≈300＋400
＝700
所以估算298＋403时，可以把298看作300，把403看作400，结果大约是700。
15．210、200、110、100
【分析】要求各位上不进位，则每个位上的数相加都小于10，据此解答即可。
【详解】个位：0＋9＝9，9＜10，个位上为0；
十位：1＋8＝9，9＜10，0＋8＝8，8＜10，十位上为1或0；
百位：2＋7＝9，9＜10，1＋7＝8，8＜10，百位上为2或1。
这个三位数可以是210、200、110、100。
16．×
【分析】整数加法计算时，相同数位对齐，从低位加起，哪一位上的数相加满十，就向前一位进一。据此解答即可。
【详解】笔算万以内数的加减法时，要把数位对齐，从个位算起。
故答案为：×。
【点睛】本题考查整数加法的计算方法，需熟练掌握。
17．√
【分析】根据“加数＋加数＝和”及用举例的方法来判断此题的对错。
【详解】由题意分析得：
100＋100＝200，200＞100；
999＋999＝1998，1998＞999；
100＋999＝1099，1099＞999且1099＞100。
即，两个三位数相加，和一定比任何一个加数都大；此说法正确。
故答案为：√
18．×
【分析】根据题意，计算两个最大的三位数相加的和，即计算999＋999，即可验证。
【详解】999＋999＝1998
1998是四位数，即两个三位数相加，和可能是四位数。所以原题说法错误。
故答案为：×
19．×
【分析】根据加法的意义，先算出装苹果和装梨一共需要多少个箱子，再跟500个箱子进行比较大小，即可得出答案。
【详解】310＋205＝515（个）
515个＞500个，所以不够，原题说法错误。
故答案为：×
【点睛】本题考查学生对整数加法以及整数比较大小的掌握和运用。
20．√
【解析】略
21．1100；803；926；1205
【分析】三位数加三位数，把相同数位对齐，从个位加起，哪一位相加满十就向前一位进1；据此计算。
【详解】497＋603＝1100 405＋398＝803 357＋569＝926 421＋784＝1205

22．见详解
【分析】根据三位数与三位数的加法的计算法则，相同数位要对齐，把计算结果连起来即可。
【详解】连线如下：
【点睛】本题主要考查的是三位数和三位数以及三位数和两位数的加法的计算，计算过程要细心认真。
23．788元
【分析】由题意得，一台微波炉售价为463元，一个电饭煲售价为325元，求买一台微波炉和一个电饭煲一共要花多少元，直接把它们的价钱加起来即可。
【详解】463＋325＝788（元）
答：买一台微波炉和一个电饭煲一共要花788元。
24．小玲有两种走法，从家出发到邮局再到书店，然后回到邮局，再到超市，最后回家，这条路最近。
【分析】根据对途中路线的观察，找到最近的路线，将几段距离相加，找到最近的距离。
【详解】走法不唯一，走法一：小玲家→邮局→书店→超市→小玲家。走法二：小玲家→邮局→书店→邮局→超市→小玲家。因为75＋329＝404米＜440米，所以从书店回到邮局，再到超市，比从书店直接到超市近，因为410＋125＝535米＞510米，所以从超市直接回家，比从超市经过街心花园回家近。综上可知，最近路线：小玲家→邮局→书店→邮局→超市→小玲家。
答：小玲有两种走法，从家出发到邮局再到书店，然后回到邮局，再到超市，最后回家，这条路最近。
【点睛】本题主要考查的是三位数和三位数之间的不进位加法，计算过程一定要细心认真。
25．661个
【分析】由题意得，将三个年级收集的废瓶相加，即可求出三个年级一共收集了多少个废矿水瓶。据此解答。
【详解】196＋225＋240
＝421＋240
＝661（个）
答：三个年级一共收集了661个废矿水瓶。
26．不够
【分析】把两个年级的学生数相加求出总人数，把总人数与座位总数比较后判断座位够不够即可。
【详解】328＋245＝573（名）
573＞500
答：电影院的座位不够。
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