语法精讲——一般现在时的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态
知识点01 概念
【语法详解】语态的概念：在英语中有主动语态和被动语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
We speak English. 我们讲英语。(主动语态)
English is spoken by us. 英语被我们讲。(被动语态)
一般现在时的被动语态：表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态,主语是动作的承受者。
知识点02 句型结构
【语法详解】一般现在时的被动语态的句型结构
(1)肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
The desk is made by him,这张桌子是他做的。
(2)否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他,
The desk isn't made by him.这张桌子不是他做的。
(3)一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
Is the desk made by him 这张桌子是他做的吗
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
Where is the desk made by him 这张桌子是他在哪儿做的
知识点03 被动语态的用法
【语法详解】被动语态的用法：
(1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或是没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时,可用被动语态
This desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是由木头制成的。
(2)强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。
Her bike is stolen. 她的自行车被偷了。
知识点04 主动语态改成被动语态
【语法详解】主动语态改成被动语态转换步骤
第一步:先确定主动句中的主语、谓语和宾语,找出其中的谓语动词。
第二步:把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语,若宾语是人称代词,应把宾格变为主格。
第三步:把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be十及物动词的过去分词”,但时态不能改变。
第四步:把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略),若主语是人称代词,应把主格变为宾格。
知识点05 必背过去分词
词义 动词原形 过去式 过去分词
唤醒，醒来 awake awoke awoken
是 be was, were been
忍受，承受 bear bore born
打，拍打 beat beat beaten
改变，变化 become became become
开始 begin began begun
打赌 bet bet bet
吹 blow blew blown
打破，破坏 break broke broken
带来 bring brought brought
建造 build built built
燃烧，烧毁 burn burned/burnt burned/burnt
购买 buy bought bought
捕捉，赶上，感染 catch caught caught
选择 choose chose chosen
来 come came come
花费 cost cost cost
切，割 cut cut cut
处理，应付 deal dealt dealt
做 do did done
绘画 draw drew drawn
做梦，梦想 dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
开车，驾驶，驱使 drive drove driven
喝，喝酒 drink drank drunk
吃 eat ate eaten
落下，倒下 fall fell fallen
喂，饲养 feed fed fed
感觉 feel felt felt
打架，对抗 fight fought fought
发现，找到 find found found
适合 fit fit fit
逃跑 flee fled fled
飞，飞翔，飘扬 fly flew flown
禁止 forbid forbade forbidden
忘记 forget forgot forgotten
原谅 forgive forgave forgiven
（使）冻结；愣住 freeze froze frozen
得到，到达，变得 get got gotten
给，给予 give gave given
去，走 go went gone
种植，生长，发展 grow grew grown
悬挂，垂下 hang hung hung
有，怀有 have had had
听到，倾听 hear heard heard
躲藏 hide hid hidden
击中 hit hit hit
把握，持续， hold held held
（使）伤害，刺痛 hurt hurt hurt
保持，继续 keep kept kept
知道，得知 know knew known
放置，铺设；下蛋 lay laid laid
带领，率领 lead led led
学习；得知 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
离开；留下 leave left left
借给，贷款给 lend lent lent
让；出租 let let let
躺着，位于 lie lay lain
点燃 light lit lighted
失去 lose lost lost
制作，制造 make made made
意思是；想要 mean meant meant
遇见；满足 meet met met
吃得过多 overeat overate overeaten
错误 mistake mistook mistaken
支付，偿还 pay paid paid
摆，放，安置 put put put
复述；再讲 retell retold retold
重建；改造；复原 rebuild rebuilt rebuilt
阅读 read read read
骑，乘坐 ride rode ridden
按铃；铃声响 ring rang rung
升起；起床 rise rose risen
跑；行驶；运转 run ran run
说话 say said said
看见 see saw seen
寻找 seek sought sought
卖，出卖 sell sold sold
发送；寄；派遣 send sent sent
放，安置，确定 set set set
摇晃，摇摆 shake shook shaken
照耀，发光 shine shone shone
给……穿鞋；给马钉铁蹄 shoe shoed shoed/shod
射击 shoot shot shot
表示，显示，露面 show showed showed/shown
关闭 shut shut shut
唱歌 sing sang sung
下沉，沉没 sink sank sunk
坐，就坐；坐落 sit sat sat
嗅，闻；察觉到 smell smelled/ smelt smelled / smelt
睡，睡觉 sleep slept slept
滑动，滑落 slide slid slid
讲话 speak spoke spoken
速度 speed sped sped
吐痰；吐口水；吐出 spit spit/spat spit/spat
传播，散布；展开 spread spread spread
花费 spend spent spent
站、立，坐落，忍受 stand stood stood
偷窃 steal stole stolen
插入，刺入；粘贴 stick stuck stuck
串起，缚，扎 string strung strung
打扫，扫除 sweep swept swept
游泳 swim swam swum
拿，取，抓 take took taken
教，教学，讲授 teach taught taught
撕扯 tear tore torn
告诉 tell told told
思想，考虑 think thought thought
投，掷，抛，丢 throw threw thrown
理解 understand understood understood
叫醒，弄醒 wake woke woken
穿着，戴；磨损 wear wore worn
赢得，获胜 win won won
写，书写 write wrote written
【经典练】
1．（2023·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）With the development of technology, computers ________ in class now.
A．use B．used C．are used
2．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages.
A．is loved B．was loved C．will love D．is loving
3．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Tea is very popular in the world. It ________ in many different areas in China now.
A．produces B．produced C．is produced D．was produced
4．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ________ every year.
A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted
5．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Sand turns to glass when it ________ by lightning.
A．hits B．is hit C．is hitting D．will be hit
6．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Breakfast ________ every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.
A．provides B．provided C．is provided D．was provided
7．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—What language ________ in Germany
—Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.
A．speak B．is spoken C．is speaking D．speaks
8．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）— Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day
— Of course. Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world nowadays.
A．spoke B．is spoken C．speaks D．was spoken
9．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）Many trees and flowers ________ every year to make our environment more beautiful.
A．plant B．are planted C．were planted
10．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the second ring road in Chengdu these days.
A．plant B．are planted C．are planting
答案
1．（2023·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）With the development of technology, computers ________ in class now.
A．use B．used C．are used
【答案】C
【详解】句意：随着技术的发展，计算机现在在课堂上使用。
考查被动语态。主语computers和谓语use“使用”之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done。故选C。
2．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages.
A．is loved B．was loved C．will love D．is loving
【答案】A
【详解】句意：孙悟空是中国的一个传统人物。它受到所有年龄段的人的喜爱。
考查被动语态及动词时态。根据“by”可知，此处是被动语态，指孙悟空被人们喜爱。本句陈述事实，故为一般现在时。故选A。
3．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Tea is very popular in the world. It ________ in many different areas in China now.
A．produces B．produced C．is produced D．was produced
【答案】C
【详解】句意：茶在世界上很受欢迎。现在中国许多不同的地区都产茶。
考查被动语态。根据now可知，此句是一般现在时，主语It与动词produce之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般现在时被动语态am/is/are done的结构，故选C。
4．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ________ every year.
A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这个公园变得越来越美丽因为每年都有更多种花被种。
考查时态和语态。主语“more kinds of flowers”与动词plant之间是动宾关系，结合“every year”可知用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are done。故选A。
5．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Sand turns to glass when it ________ by lightning.
A．hits B．is hit C．is hitting D．will be hit
【答案】B
【详解】句意：沙子被闪电击中会变成玻璃。
考查语态。句子主语it指代的是“Sand”，与动词hit之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时，故选B。
6．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Breakfast ________ every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.
A．provides B．provided C．is provided D．was provided
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这个村子每天为60岁以上的老人免费提供早餐。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语Breakfast是动作provide的承受者，结合“every day”可知，是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
7．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—What language ________ in Germany
—Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.
A．speak B．is spoken C．is speaking D．speaks
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——在德国说哪种语言？——大多数人会说德语，但也有很多人会说英语。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子应用一般现在时，句子主语language与动词speak存在逻辑上的被动关系，则句子采用一般现在时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+过去分词。故选B。
8．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）— Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day
— Of course. Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world nowadays.
A．spoke B．is spoken C．speaks D．was spoken
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你听说过联合国汉语日吗？——当然。如今，全世界越来越多的人说汉语。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“nowadays”可知句子应用一般现在时，主语Chinese与谓语动词speak存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+过去分词。故选B。
9．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）Many trees and flowers ________ every year to make our environment more beautiful.
A．plant B．are planted C．were planted
【答案】B
【详解】句意：每年种植许多树木和鲜花，使我们的环境更加美丽。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“every year”可知，用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。
10．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the second ring road in Chengdu these days.
A．plant B．are planted C．are planting
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这些天，成都的二环路上种了许多美丽的花。
考查被动语态。主语和动词plant之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态：be done。故选B。

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