2015-2024年北京市高考英语真题分类
北京卷（2019—2024）
2024
A
Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time 1. (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 2. (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 3. (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear 4. (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
B
On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 5. (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when 6. (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret:moderation(适度). Tinniswood, 7. doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said.
C
One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought
8. myself, “Why would he carry all his books ” Just then, some kids ran at him, 9. (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I 10. (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
2023
A
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality(守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 1. (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 2. (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 3. (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
B
Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 4. (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 5. (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 6. (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
C
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 7. global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 8. thousands were attending a water conference. She called for action
9. (address) the struggles of people around the world 10. (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”.
2022
A
Helen was walking down the street late 1. the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn't notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention 2. (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man
3. (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
B
Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly
4. (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It's easy to explain how we determine 5. smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 6. (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
C
Since people can't always eat out or cook for 7. (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 8. are only good for one use. That's a big problem and it is getting even 9. (bad). The use of those plastics 10. (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won't survive if this situation continues.
2021
A
Why do we dream Scientists aren’t completely sure, and they have diverse 1. (idea). Dreams might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything 2. happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 3. (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
B
Sam is an in-real-life streamer (播主), and he live streams himself just going about his day. While riding his bike home 4. a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself. The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about 5. she lived. Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 6. (safe) wait for the police to take her home.
C
There 7. (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, 8. (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 9. (result) in USD2,970 billion in economic loss. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need 10. (invest) in disaster prevention.
2020
A
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1. (play) a big role in his life. “My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try,” he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're 2. (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 3. you can join in when it's possible.
B
Single use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4. (throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years 5. (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart 6. countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of 7. (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
C
A piece of stone 8. (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals 9. (live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40,000 years ago. They were much stronger
than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were
10. (smart) than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.
2019
A
On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 1. (voice) my biggest concern to my mother, “How will I make friends ” She handed me advice, “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously2. (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to3. (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
B
Earth Day, 4. (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 5. 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various 6. (activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power—the possibilities are endless.
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter Research on the question
7. (suggest) that, for most students, it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8. they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 9. are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and10. (meaning) college experience.
北京卷（2019—2024）
2024
A
Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time 1. (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 2. (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 3. (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear 4. (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
B
On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 5. (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when 6. (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret:moderation(适度). Tinniswood, 7. doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said.
C
One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought
8. myself, “Why would he carry all his books ” Just then, some kids ran at him, 9. (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I 10. (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
答案
[A篇解读] 本文是说明文，主要介绍了慢生活的好处。
1.to rest考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展更深层次的自我意识。take time to do sth.意为“花时间做某事”。
2. self-awareness考查词性转换。句意参见上题解析。设空处位于介词of后，需填名词构成短语a deeper sense of self-awareness，该短语在句中作develop的宾语。故填self-awareness。
3. gives考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们慢下来的时候，我们创造了反思我们的思想和情感的空间，这有助于我们识别生活中重要的领域，并给我们做出正确的选择的机会。设空处位于which引导的定语从句中，与helps并列作从句中的谓语，故填gives。
4. boundaries考查名词的复数形式。句意：要做到这一点，我们需要在个人生活和职业生活中建立清晰的界限。设空处位于形容词clear后并且作establish的宾语，因此设空处填名词。boundary意为“边界，界限”，为可数名词，故用其复数形式boundaries。
[B篇解读]本文是一则新闻报道。报道介绍了世界上仍在世的最长寿男性约翰·廷尼斯伍德。
5. was named考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被确定为世界上仍在世的最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024判断，句子应用一般过去时；主语John Tinniswood为单数概念，与动词name之间为被动关系，故设空处填was named。
6. asked考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时,他分享了秘诀：适度。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词shared，故设空处要填动词的非谓语形式。设空处的逻辑主语是he，两者构成被动关系，因此要用过去分词作状语。故填asked。
7. who考查定语从句。句意：廷尼斯伍德不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为节制有助于他在漫长的一生中保持健康。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Tinniswood（指人），因此设空处填关系代词who，在从句中作主语。
[C篇解读]本文是记叙文，主要讲述了一个沿街行走的男孩被小孩子撞到而掉落了书和眼镜，作者主动上前帮助他的故事。
8. to考查介词。think to oneself表示“心里想”。故填to。
9. knocking考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：就在这时，一些孩子向他跑过来，撞掉了他怀里的书。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词ran，故设空处要填动词的非谓语形式。设空处的逻辑主语是some kids，两者构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。
10. jogged考查动词的时态。句意：我对他心生同情，就跑到他跟前。该句为and连接的并列句，and前面的分句的谓语动词为went，所以此处也用一般过去时。故填jogged。
2023
A
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality(守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 1. (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 2. (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 3. (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
B
Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 4. (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 5. (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 6. (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
C
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 7. global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 8. thousands were attending a water conference. She called for action
9. (address) the struggles of people around the world 10. (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”.
答案
[A篇解读] 作者分享了自己在瑞士和法国的经历，以此说明不同文化中“守时”的不同表现。
1. threw 考查动词的时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我举办了一场乔迁聚会，当所有30位客人都准时到场时，我感到非常惊讶。设空处与was greatly surprised并列，作句子的谓语。根据was可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填threw。
2. exactly 考查词性转换。句意参见上题解析。设空处作状语，修饰介词短语on time，应使用副词形式。故填exactly。?
3. arrived/had arrived 考查动词的时态。句意：几年后，我搬到了法国，我在约定的时间来吃晚饭，却发现没有其他客人来，女主人还穿着睡衣。that引导find后的宾语从句，设空处作宾语从句的谓语。本句上文描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。所以填arrived。也可以理解为find是过去发现，arrive的动作发生在“发现”以前，即“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故也可填had arrived。
[B篇解读] 本文主要介绍了中国的红树林。
4. seen 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。本句已有谓语动词appear，设空处为非谓语形式作时间状语，与其逻辑主语the mangrove forests构成被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。故填seen。
5. cities 考查名词的复数形式。句意：红树林有助于削弱海浪，保护城市免受海风（的侵袭）。city是可数名词，空前没有任何限定成分，应使用复数形式。故填cities。
6. has established 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了很多红树林保护区。设空处作句子的谓语。根据时间状语Up to now可知，应使用现在完成时。主语China是单数形式，故填has established。
[C篇解读] 本文主要讲述了Nina希望通过跑马拉松唤起人们对全球水问题的关注。
7. to 考查介词。句意：她所有的跑步都有一个指导目的：唤起人们对全球水问题的关注。attention to...是固定搭配，意为“对……的关注”，故填to。
8. where 考查定语从句。句意：Nina最近在芝加哥完成了她长达一年的一系列跑步比赛，数千人在那里参加了一次水事会议。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，指代先行词Chicago。故填关系副词where。?
9. to address 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地人们面临的关于“水太少或水太脏”的挑战。本句已有谓语called，设空处为非谓语形式作目的状语，应使用不定式。故填to address。?
10. facing 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意参见上题解析。本句已有谓语called，设空处为非谓语形式作后置定语，与被修饰词people构成主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填facing。?
2022
A
Helen was walking down the street late 1. the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn't notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention 2. (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man
3. (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
B
Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly
4. (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It's easy to explain how we determine 5. smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 6. (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
C
Since people can't always eat out or cook for 7. (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 8. are only good for one use. That's a big problem and it is getting even 9. (bad). The use of those plastics 10. (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won't survive if this situation continues.
答案
[A篇解读] 海伦以为自己被坏人追赶,最后发现那个男人只是想归还她的钱包。
1.in 考查介词。句意:深夜,海伦正在街上走着,怀里抱满了购物袋。in the evening是固定短语,意为“在晚上”。
2.to harm 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:害怕他可能打算伤害她,海伦开始逃跑。have an intention to do sth.是固定结构,意为“打算做某事”。
3.caught 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:最终,这个男人追上了她,他只是想归还她的钱包!根据其他句子的时态和本句的时间状语“Eventually”可知,这里描述过去的动作,用一般过去时,且主谓语在逻辑上是主动关系,故填caught。
[B篇解读] 本文分析了为什么人类更喜欢某些气味并介绍了这种偏好在日常生活中的运用。
4.supported 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:越来越受到专家支持的一种理论认为,嗅觉偏好是后天习得的。由后面的谓语动词“suggests”可知,设空处应该用support的非谓语形式,再根据“by experts”可知,这里应该用过去分词短语作定语,修饰主语“One theory”。
5.whether 考查名词性从句。句意:解释我们如何确定气味是否危险是很容易的——我们学习。whether...or not是固定句式,意为“是否……”。
6.has 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:天然气本身没有可识别的气味。此处介绍天然气的客观属性,应该用一般现在时,主语是“Gas”,为第三人称单数且与谓语动词之间是主动关系,故填has。
[C篇解读] 外带食物和外卖产生大量垃圾,造成越来越严重的环境污染。
7.themselves 考查代词。句意:由于人们不能总是在外面吃饭和自己做饭,他们就买外带食物或叫外卖。 设空处在介词“for”后作宾语,且主语和宾语指的是相同的人,所以用反身代词。
8.which 考查定语从句。句意:这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大部分只能使用一次。 设空处位于介词“of”后,引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词“cups, bottles, and bags”,且在定语从句中作主语,所以填关系代词which。
9.worse 考查形容词的比较级。 句意:这是一个大问题,而且正变得越来越严重。由下一句对环境问题严重性的介绍和“even”可知,这里用比较级形式。
10.has increased 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:自2019年以来,那些塑料的使用量增加了300%。根据本句的时间状语“since 2019”可知,谓语应该用现在完成时,主语“The use of those plastics”是第三人称单数且与谓语动词之间是主动关系,故填has increased。
2021
A
Why do we dream Scientists aren’t completely sure, and they have diverse 1. (idea). Dreams might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything 2. happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 3. (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
B
Sam is an in-real-life streamer (播主), and he live streams himself just going about his day. While riding his bike home 4. a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself. The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about 5. she lived. Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 6. (safe) wait for the police to take her home.
C
There 7. (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, 8. (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 9. (result) in USD2,970 billion in economic loss. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need 10. (invest) in disaster prevention.
答案
[A篇解读] 本文为说明文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是做梦。文章主要阐述了人做梦的缘由。
1.ideas 解题指导 考查名词复数形式。关注句意所透出的名词的数的形式。
解析 句意:科学家不是完全确定,并且他们有不同的观点。由diverse可知,此处应该用所给词的复数形式,即ideas。
2.that 解题指导 考查定语从句。关注句意及句式结构。
解析 句意:当你睡觉时,你的大脑整理了白天所发生的一切,尽量把新的经历和旧的记忆联系起来。分析该处句式结构并结合句意可知,此处引导定语从句;再分析定语从句成分可知,定语从句缺少主语,再由前面的先行词everything为不定代词可知,此处只能填that。
知识拓展 在定语从句中,如果先行词是指物的不定代词,如everything、something、anything、nothing、all、little、a little等,且定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语的时候,定语从句的关系代词只能用that,不能用which。
3.connects 解题指导 考查动词的时态和语态。关注句式结构、整个语篇的时态及句子描述的情境。
解析 句意:当你的大脑连接事物时,它就会把它们变成一个故事,然后你就得到一个梦了。结合整个语篇的时态基调是一般现在时态,再分析此处是个状语从句,主句的时态用的是一般现在时,故从句的时态也应该用一般现在时,由主语为it且connect与主语为主动关系可知,此处应填connects。
难句分析
原句:When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything that happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories.
分析:本句中when引导的是时间状语从句,主句是“your brain sorts through everything that happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories”,在主句里面有一个由that引导的定语从句,修饰前面的先行词everything。
译文:当你睡觉时,你的大脑整理了白天所发生的一切,尽量把新的经历和旧的记忆联系起来。
[B篇解读] 本文为记叙文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是人际关系、社会交往。文章主要叙述了萨姆帮助一个老妇人回家的事情。
4.on 解题指导 考查介词。关注句意及句子描述的情境。
解析 句意:当他在一个寒冷的夜晚骑车回家时,他遇到一个独自一人在街道游荡、愁容满面的老妇人。这里指在“一个寒冷的夜晚”,故前面应该用on。
5.where 解题指导 考查宾语从句。关注句意及句式结构。
解析 句意:老妇人无法向萨姆提供任何有关她住处的信息。分析该处句式结构并结合句意可知,此处引导宾语从句;再分析宾语从句成分并结合宾语从句意思可知,宾语从句缺少地点状语,故此处应填where。
6.safely 解题指导 考查副词。关注句意及所给词后面的动词。
解析 句意:萨姆陪同她走到附近的一个便利店以便她能安全地等候警察来带她回家。由句意及所给词后面的动词可知,此处应该用所给词的副词形式,即safely。
知识拓展 walk sb. to someplace意为“陪伴/护送某人走到某处”,为固定用法,这里的walk为及物动词,意为“陪伴……走,护送……走”。
难句分析
原句:Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could safely wait for the police to take her home.
分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句部分是:Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store,后面是由“so that”引导的目的状语从句。
译文:萨姆陪伴她走到附近的一个便利店以便她能安全地等候警察来带她回家。
[C篇解读] 本文为说明文,主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容是气候变化与自然灾害。文章主要阐述了近二十年全球气候变化导致了大量的自然灾害的发生。
7.has been 解题指导 考查动词的时态。关注句中的关键性时间状语。
解析 句意:根据联合国的一份新报告:在过去的二十年,出现了极端天气事件数量的急剧增多,这很大程度上是由全球气温不断上升所导致的。由句中的关键性时间状语“over the past 20 years”可知,此处应该用现在完成时态。
8.caused 解题指导 考查动词的非谓语形式。关注句意、句子结构及句中关键词。
解析 分析整个句子可知,尽管句子很长,但它只是个简单句,故该处不能填谓语动词,只能填动词的非谓语形式;由空后的关键词by并结合句意可知,此处应填过去分词caused,表示被动。
9.resulting 解题指导 考查动词的非谓语形式。关注句意和句子结构。
解析 句意:从2000年到2019年,全球共有7,348次严重的自然灾害,导致29,700亿美元的经济损失。分析整个句子可知,句子前面是“there be”句型,后面用现在分词表示结果。
10.to invest 解题指导 考查动词的非谓语形式。关注句意和句子结构。
解析 分析句子可知,这里的need为名词,意为“需要、需求”,后面应该用动词不定式形式作后置定语,修饰need。
难句分析
原句:There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
分析:这是一个简单句。句子前面是“there be”句型,后面的过去分词短语“caused largely by rising global temperatures”作后置定语,修饰前面的“rise”。
译文:根据联合国的一份新报告:在过去的二十年,出现了极端天气事件数量的急剧增多,这很大程度上是由全球气温不断上升所导致的。
2020
A
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1. (play) a big role in his life. “My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try,” he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're 2. (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 3. you can join in when it's possible.
B
Single use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4. (throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years 5. (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart 6. countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of 7. (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
C
A piece of stone 8. (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals 9. (live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40,000 years ago. They were much stronger
than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were
10. (smart) than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.
答案
[A篇解读] 本文讲述了美食电视节目的主持人奥利弗对美食的态度。
1.plays/has played/is playing/has been playing 考查动词的时态。根据主句谓语动词says(一般现在时)及本句语境可知设空处需用现在的某种时态,可用一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时或现在完成进行时。
2.lucky 考查形容词。设空处作表语,表示“幸运的”,故填形容词lucky。
3.if/whether 考查名词性从句。设空处引导宾语从句,意为“是否”,故填if或whether。
[B篇解读] 本文主要介绍了一次性塑料袋对生态环境的危害。
4.are thrown 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:一次性塑料袋至多使用几次就被扔掉。设空处所在句子说的是现在的情况,需用一般现在时;从句主语they与throw为被动关系,需用被动语态,故填are thrown。
5.to break 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:它们需要几百年才能分解。“It takes+sb./sth.+一段时间+to do”为固定句型,故填不定式to break。
6.into/to 考查介词。句意:随着时间的推移,那些袋子会分解成无数的碎片,鱼会不小心吃掉其中的一些。设空处前为动词短语,设空处后为名词复数,由此可判断设空处需用介词;设空处与fall apart连用,表示“分解成”,故填into或to。
7.countries 考查名词复数。句意:现在,许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这样的袋子,以阻止人们使用它们。设空处与后面的regions并列作主语,由此可判断设空处需用名词形式;根据设空处前的lots of可知设空处需用名词复数形式,故填countries。
[C篇解读] 在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明,已经灭绝的人类的亲属尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。
8.found 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明,已经灭绝的人类的亲属尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。被修饰词stone与find为逻辑上的被动关系,且设空处表示的动作已经完成,故填过去分词found。
9.lived/had lived/had been living 考查动词的时态。句意:尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年,直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处所在句子说的是过去的事情,故设空处需用过去的某种时态,再根据本句的时间状语for tens of thousands of years可知,设空处可用一般过去时、过去完成时或过去完成进行时。
10.smarter 考查形容词的比较级。句意:他们比现代人类强壮得多,但人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人聪明。根据设空处后的than可知,设空处需用形容词比较级作表语,故填smarter。
2019
A
On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 1. (voice) my biggest concern to my mother, “How will I make friends ” She handed me advice, “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously2. (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to3. (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
B
Earth Day, 4. (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 5. 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various 6. (activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power—the possibilities are endless.
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter Research on the question
7. (suggest) that, for most students, it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8. they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 9. are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and10. (meaning) college experience.
答案
[A篇解读] 作者从自己一年级的经历中学到:在面对困难时,做自己就好。
1.voiced 考查动词的时态。根据上文“On the first day of my first grade”可知此处是指发生在过去的事情,故用一般过去时。
2.facing 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:当紧张地面对挑战的时候,我知道我将低声对自己说这两个简单的词“Be yourself”。现在分词facing作状语,解释说明在什么情况下说“Be yourself”。
3.myself 考查反身代词。此处指低声对自己说,句子的主语和宾语指同一个人,故设空处应该填myself。
[B篇解读] 文章介绍了地球日,并且倡议我们参与地球日活动。
4.marked 考查动词的非谓语形式。marked为过去分词,在句中作定语,说明地球日被庆祝的时间。
5.in 考查介词。句意:地球日首次庆祝于1970年,现在有190多个国家和地区会在这天举办活动。具体在哪一年用介词in。
6.activities 考查名词复数。句意:无论你想做什么,在地球日这一天都有一种参与各种活动的方式。根据句中的various可知,设空处应用名词的复数形式。
[C篇解读] 文章告诉我们在大学里干什么比上什么大学更重要。
7.suggests/suggested/has suggested 考查动词的时态。句意:这个问题的研究表明,对大部分学生来说无所谓。根据it doesn't可知是现在的情况,故suggest用一般现在时或现在完成时。该从句所表达的是客观事实,故主句谓语动词用一般过去时也可以。
8.where 考查名词性从句。句意:学生们在大学里所做的事似乎要比他们上哪所大学重要得多。句中两者作比较,前者是从句形式,所以后者也是从句形式,设空处在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
9.who/that 考查定语从句。句意:从大学中最受益的学生是那些全力地参与学术生活,同时充分利用大学的机会和资源的人。设空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故此处填关系代词who或that。
10.meaningful 考查形容词。句意:……为健康且有意义的大学经历做必要的准备,越早越好。college experience 是名词短语,应该用形容词来修饰,且设空处所填词和healthy并列,故设空处应用形容词meaningful。
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