Unit 4 Natural Disasters 阅读理解 专题训练（含答案）-2024-2025学年高一英语必修第一册（人教版2019）
Drones are increasingly flying in our skies, capturing images, managing crops and soon, delivering packages. But what do the birds make of this invasion of their territory
With strict animal ethics approval, we flew drones towards flocks of birds in Queensland’s Moreton Bay. We found many species were not disturbed, provided the drone was small and flew above 60 m.
The exception was the critically endangered eastern curlews (杓鹬), which became alarmed and flew away — even when a tiny drone approached at the maximum legal altitude of 120 m. But when eastern curlews took flight, other nearby species were often startled, creating a domino effect that eventually caused the whole flock to take flight.
Drone disturbance can interrupt birds as they rest or feed. It can even cause them to avoid some locations altogether.If the birds are consistently interrupted or scared away from their preferred habitats, they may find it difficult to eat and rest enough to survive and reproduce.This is particularly concerning for species such as eastern curlews, which migrate thousands of kilometres to breed.
We studied a diverse group of birds typically found along coastlines, known as shorebirds. Heartbreakingly, their global population has plummeted as they continue to battle habitat destruction, sea level rise, disturbance and hunting.
The last few decades have been bleak for the eastern curlew, which is the world’s largest migratory shorebird. Research in 2011 indicated a population decline of 80% over three generations.
While drones are unlikely to have played a major role in shorebird decline so far, our results, combined with the increasing presence of drones along our coastline, indicate they could become yet another source of disturbance for these birds, many of which are already endangered.
Drones can be beneficial in many ways, but we must identify when and how drones can be used to minimise potential harm. In some locations, such as some Australian national parks, drone use is already prohibited or restricted.But managers need to understand how drones affect wildlife to inform these regulations.
1．What’s the problem with eastern curlews
A．They are being killed. B．They are being disturbed.
C．Their safety is being threatened. D．Their habitats are being damaged.
2．What do we learn about eastern curlews
A．They are able to fly above 120 meters. B．They can’t find a place to eat and rest.
C．They adapt to the environment quickly. D．They are sensitive to their surroundings.
3．What does the underlined word “plummeted” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Reduced sharply. B．Increased rapidly.
C．Recovered slowly. D．Changed gradually.
4．What’s the author’s final conclusion about drones
A．They pose no threat to eastern curlews.
B．They should be forbidden near the shores.
C．They should be used under certain regulations.
D．They benefit eastern curlews in a number of ways.
Living through a natural disaster is a traumatic (痛苦的) experience for everyone, especially for children. A new study by psychologist Annette La Greca and her co-workers, indicates that some children who directly experience a damaging hurricane still show signs of post-traumatic stress (PTS) almost two years after the event. The findings suggest that new models for intervention (干预) to help children after a natural disaster are needed.
Previous research mainly has focused on children during the few months after a major hurricane, or two years or more after the event. Most of the existing post-hurricane interventions are designed for children experiencing PTS two years or more after the event. The new study “picks up where others left off”, assessing children during the in-between period, at nine months (Time One) and then at 21 months after a hurricane ( Time Two), explains La Greca.
“There have been no tested interventions developed for children who still show significant symptoms (症状) of PTS almost a year after a damaging hurricane,” says La Greca. “What this study shows is that there may be a need to test intervention programs to be used from several months to two years post-disaster, to keep kids from developing endless stress.”
The symptoms the children experience range from continually appearing dreams about the hurricane, to being anxious, more unfocused, feeling like nobody understands them, more difficulty sleeping, and feeling more sad or fearful than before the disaster. In addition to experiences directly related to the hurricane, other events in the life of a child during the recovery period, such as parents separation or an illness in the family, have “a cascading effect” that adds the child’s difficulties.
Interestingly, social support from peers was found to be very important in helping to protect the child from the psychological impact of the hurricane. “For children that have experienced a damaging hurricane, reconnecting with friends provides a buffer (缓冲) to the negative experiences, helping kids have greater resilience and adapt better to life after the disaster,” says La Greca.
5．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Focus on what other studies achieved. B．Continue to research where other studies stop.
C．Research where other studies failed. D．Take what others left in any place.
6．Greca’s study tried to find interventions for children___.
A．a few months after a major hurricane B．two years after a natural disaster
C．from several months to two years after a disaster D．nine months before a natural disaster
7．What does the underlined part “a cascading effect” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．A series of influences. B．A process of reactions.
C．A number of causes. D．A mass of reasons.
Established earthquake warning systems provide at best just a minute or two of notice, leaving little time for preparedness. Decades of searching for a better warning sign-changes in the geochemistry of groundwater, electromagnetic effects in the upper atmosphere, and even changes in animal behavior-have failed. Many question whether such a precursor (先兆) even exists. This situation may change soon, as recent research is providing a glimmer of hope for improved earthquake prediction.
Researchers Quentin Bletery and Jean-Mathieu Nocquet from Cote d’Azur University in France collected data from over 90 earthquakes with magnitudes larger than 7 that had occurred in the past two decades.They focused on GPS station records near these quakes, which accurately captured land movement every 5 minutes with millimeter precision. They analyzed more than 3,000 time series of motion in the 48 hours leading up to the main ruptures (断裂).
They noticed that, in the first 46 hours, the records showed no significant features. However, during the 2 hours before the earthquake, they noticed signs of increasing movement along the fault zones (断层带). Essentially, there’s a slip between plates causing the land above them to move in a measurable, horizontal direction.
Could this be just a coincidence The probability of this increase happening just before the quake and being unrelated is extremely low, and the researchers confirmed this by analyzing 100,000 random time windows in non-earthquake GPS data. The pattern occurred only 0.03% of the time in non-earthquake data.
While this precursor signal won’t be used for warnings anytime soon, officials from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) admit that this new study provides valuable insights into how to improve their warning systems-GPS data can grease the wheels of early earthquake warnings.
The researchers admit they're still a number of steps away from putting this precursor signal into use, particularly since detecting subtle signals at individual faults requires more GPS stations. But the biggest problem is that many of the world’s earthquake regions have no instrumentation. “We can’t realize the detection at the scale of one earthquake, so we cannot make predictions,” Bletery said.
8．What remains a tough problem for scientists
A．Determining the magnitude of an earthquake.
B．Finding a way to detect earthquakes in early stages.
C．Measuring atmospheric changes during earthquakes.
D．Identifying animals’ possible responses to earthquakes.
9．What did the researchers find through their data analysis
A．The chance of main ruptures occurring in fault zones.
B．The accuracy of GPS in recording land movement.
C．The existence of a two-hour precursory phase.
D．The horizontal slip within the first 46 hours.
10．What does the underlined part “grease the wheels of” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Distinguish. B．Contradict. C．Overmatch. D．Facilitate.
11．What holds back the practical application of the new findings
A．The inaccessibility of precursor signals.
B．The complexity of updating GPS equipment.
C．The challenge of identifying earthquake regions.
D．The inconsistent slip patterns of different earthquakes.
It has been over 150 years since the Great Chicago Fire. The 1871 fire killed an estimated 300 people. It turned the heart of the city, wood-frame buildings quickly constructed on wooden sidewalks, into ruins, and left 100,000 people homeless. Like the Great Fire of London in 1666, the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906, and Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the Great Chicago Fire reminds us that big cities can still be frail.
But that same night, about 250 miles north of Chicago, more than 1,200 people died in and around Peshtigo. It was the deadliest wildfire in U.S. history. Survivors said the fire moved like a hurricane, jumping across Green Bay to light forests on the opposite shore.
Chicago’s fire came to be seen as a disaster that also led to the invention of steel skyscrapers, raised up on the city’s ashes. It has overshadowed the Peshtigo Fire. And for years, the two were seen as separate disasters. However, many of those houses and sidewalks that burned in Chicago had been built with trees grown around Peshtigo.
Chicago’s fire was long blamed - falsely - on an Irish-immigrant family’s cow kicking over a lantern. Some people thought the Peshtigo Fire started when pieces of a comet (彗星) landed in the forest, which has never been proven.
What we understand better today was that the Midwest was historically dry in the summer of 1871. When a low-pressure front with cooler temperatures rolled in, it produced winds, which can fan sparks (火星) into wildfires. The fires themselves generated more winds. Several parts of nearby Michigan also burned during the same few days ; at least 500 people were killed there.
At present, all of those fires on an autumn night in 1871 might help us see even more clearly how rising global temperatures and severe droughts, from Australia to Algeria to California, have made forests easier to burn, and people more likely to be harmed by the climate changes we’ ve helped create.
12．What does the underlined word “frail” in the first paragraph probably mean
A．Regularly enlarged. B．Heavily populated.
C．Safely reached. D．Easily damaged.
13．How does the author introduce the Peshtigo Fire
A．By presenting research findings. B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order. D．By making classifications.
14．Which factor contributed to the Great Chicago Fire
A．A careless cow. B．A passing comet.
C．A low-pressure front D．A paper lantern.
15．What is the author’s purpose in writing this text
A．To warn people of the forest fire threat. B．To show signs of global warming.
C．To attract more tourists to Chicago. D．To introduce an unknown city.
When Hurricane Ian hit Florida, Karen Lauder refused to leave her home because she was wrong about the intensity (强度) of the storm. Karen is 84 years old and depends on a wheelchair to get around because she is missing a leg. Her son, Johnny Lauder, tried repeatedly to get her to leave, but she refused.
Johnny and his whole family live within a few blocks of one another. They kept in touch with Karen as the storm continued violently (猛烈地) outside, watching the water rising dangerously all around them. When Karen reported that the water in her house had reached her bottom, Johnny knew he had to take action.
First, Johnny ensured his sons and their pets were taken care of. Then, he jumped out of a window and began to swim. Johnny used to work as a rescue swimmer. He is obviously a strong swimmer, but the flood water was filled with dangerous materials. There was also a strong current (水流), and he had to swim against it for most of his trip to Karen’s. As he made his way through the water, Johnny stopped periodically to snap selfies (自拍) to show his worried family that he was okay.
Johnny was racing against the clock. He knew he only had a short period of time to get there before the water rose above Karen’s head. It took him 40 minutes to swim four blocks. The sound of Karen shouting inside was music to his ears!
“If it would’ve been 20 minutes later, she wouldn’t be here,” Johnny said.“She’s never been happier to see me.”
Karen is now safe, although she is in the hospital being treated for infections (感染) she got in the water. The family have all lost everything they owned, including their houses, but they’re grateful just to be here.
16．Why did Karen decide to stay in her house when Hurricane Ian came
A．She had nowhere to go.
B．She was too old to move.
C．She thought the storm was not violent.
D．She lost her wheelchair and was unable to leave.
17．Why did Johnny take selfies along the way to Karen’s home
A．To record his swimming trip. B．To show off his swimming skills.
C．To warn other rescuers of danger. D．To report his safety to his family.
18．How did Johnny’s family keep in touch in the storm
A．By shouting. B．Over the phone.
C．Through e-mail. D．With other’s help.
19．How did Johnny feel when he heard Karen shouting
A．Curious. B．Frightened. C．Confused. D．Relieved.
The cotton harvest is about to get underway in the Texas High Plains, the windswept region that grows most of the crop in the nation’s top cotton-producing state. But Barry Evans, a third-generation cotton grower, has already walked away from more than 2,000 acres (英亩) of his bone-dry fields. “It just didn’t come up. We hardly had anything,” said Evans.
Extreme heat and a lack of rainfall have severely damaged much of this year’s cotton harvest in the U.S., which produces about 35% of the world’s crop. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) forecast that more than 40% of what U.S. farmers planted in the spring would be abandoned because of drought. Nowhere is this more apparent than the flat, dry stretch of Texas. The USDA says Texas cotton farmers are likely to abandon nearly 70% of their spring planting. That has been the worst harvest since 2009.
The region normally receives around 18 to 20 inches of rain per year, but saw less than three inches of rain from August through the summer, as nearly all of Texas baked under drought. Much of the cotton grown in the region needs rain. Even those with irrigated (灌溉的) fields are expecting low yields (产量) this year.
The losses in cotton could cost the Texas High Plains $1.2 billion after farmers receive federal (联邦的) crop insurance payments, estimates Darren Hudson, director of the International Center for Agricultural Competitiveness at Texas Tech University. That leaves out others who depend on the crop, such as cotton gins (轧棉机) and storehouses. “Any time you have a bad year in cotton, it has a role to play in the overall economy,” Hudson said.
Fortunately, most cotton farmers in this part of Texas plan to use cotton seed varieties that can resist drought. Varieties are continuously developed and will be adjusted to generate high yields if dry conditions continue. “Even though it’s drought resistant,” Hudson added, “we still have to have a little bit of help from Mother Nature.”
20．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The impact of extreme weather on U.S. farmers.
B．The world’s cotton distribution.
C．USDA’s measures to address drought.
D．The amount of U.S. cotton harvest in 2009.
21．What does Hudson stress in paragraph 4
A．Texas is unfriendly to cotton farmers. B．Cotton is vital to the American economy.
C．Farmers depend much on Mother Nature. D．Cotton gins are unaffected by cotton losses.
22．What will cotton farmers most likely do next
A．Build effective irrigation systems. B．Apply for federal crop insurance.
C．Switch to growing a different crop. D．Use further improved cotton seeds.
23．What can be the best title for the text
A．Drought pushes cotton prices to a new high. B．The world’s cotton supply keeps falling.
C．Texas cotton takes a hit during drought. D．Drought impacts the quality of cotton.
Nobody expects a natural disaster to strike. Neither does anyone know the impact it can have on life. The following measures can save your life in an emergency.
Typhoon
Typhoons occur in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, particularly in exposed regions like the Caroline Islands, the Philippines, and Japan. The best place to hide during a typhoon is a secure basement or a bathroom with no windows. A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio, through which you will hear evacuation orders or in other cases, instructions on how to survive in your shelter and learn about the weather situation.
Flood
Floods occur more often than any other natural disaster and change the landscape dramatically. They are usually caused by intense rainfalls lasting for days. Don’t try to be the bravest person around and stay in your house. Once you hear the evacuation warning, leave for safer higher grounds with your important papers in a waterproof container.
Avalanche
An avalanche can hit when you are enjoying Alpine skiing in a dreamlike location. It is very fast and disastrous, burying everything in its way under tons of snow. When an avalanche starts, try to move to the side of the slope as fast as you can. If you get buried in the snow, dig an air pocket to be able to keep breathing. Wait for the rescue team to find you and don’t waste your energy shouting or digging frantically. Call out when you bear the team approaching.
Wildfire
Wildfires spread at an amazing speed and destroy everything in their way. If you are caught in a wild fire, use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you can breathe. Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times and get close to a pond or river. Stay low and cover yourself with wet clothing, a blanket, or soil until the fire passes.
24．What should those trapped in flood probably do when they hear the evacuation orders
A．Bring an umbrella with them B．Go to higher places.
C．Call out for help loudly. D．Get a torch in case of a blackout
25．Among the four natural disasters, which one requires people to run against the wind
A．Typhoon. B．Flood. C．Avalanche. D．Wildfire.
26．What do we know from the text
A．Typhoons occur only in the exposed regions in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
B．Floods cause the most frequent damage among the disasters mentioned.
C．Those who meet with avalanches are advised to call out the minute they’re trapped.
D．Getting clean air matters most in the case of wildfires, despite the difficulty.
Four of the World’s Natural Disasters
The following four natural disasters destroyed cities and communities around the world. By flood, typhoon, or earthquake, these events have collectively taken millions of human lives.
Yangtze River Flood
The major flood of 1931 covered tens of thousands of square miles, flooding rice fields and many cities, including Nanjing and Wuhan. The flood affected more than 50 million people. Government organizations, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, estimated (估计) that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster.
Typhoon Nina
Typhoon Nina struck Henan province of China in August 1975. The typhoon caused a serious dam (水坝) failure, and more than 150,000 people were dead or injured. According to reports, at least 26,000 people died in the floods. About 145,000 people died from diseases caused by water pollution and famine (饥荒). The number of people affected by the disaster was more than 10,000,000.
Kashmir Earthquake
On October 8, 2005, a disastrous earthquake struck the Kashmir region. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.6, followed by many aftershocks, landslides, and falling rocks. The seriousness of the damage and the high number of deaths were worsened by poor construction (建筑) in the affected areas. In Kashmir at least 79,000 people were killed, and more than 32,000 buildings broke down.
Haitian Earthquake
At the beginning of 2010, an earthquake hit Haiti. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.0 and was followed by aftershocks that registered magnitudes of 5.9 and 5.5. Another aftershock of magnitude 5.9 struck on January 20. There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200,000-300,000 people died. Hundreds of thousands more were forced to leave their homes.
27．Which natural disaster caused the most deaths
A．Yangtze River Flood. B．Typhoon Nina.
C．Kashmir Earthquake. D．Haitian Earthquake.
28．What made the situation in Kashmir more serious
A．The serious aftershocks. B．The diseases after earthquake.
C．The continuous falling rocks. D．The low construction quality.
29．What can we learn about the earthquake that hit Haiti
A．It had many secondary disasters. B．It happened in the hottest season.
C．It had a debatable death number. D．It happened only once and for all.
Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth’s plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck , but the plates keep moving.Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move, causing an earthquake.
Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists don’t really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs.
Shock waves from an earthquake that travel through the ground are called seismic waves (地震波). They are most powerful at the center of the earthquake, but they travel through much of the earth and back to the surface. They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound.
Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called a seismograph (地震仪) to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude.
To tell the strength of an earthquake, scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude Scale or MMS (it used to be called the Richter Scale). The larger the number on the MMS, the larger the earthquake. You usually won’t even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3 on the MMS.Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale:
4.0—Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by. Some people may not notice.
5.0—If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle(发出嘎嘎声). Windows may break.
6.0—Items will fall off shelves. Walls in some houses may crack and windows break. Pretty much everyone near the center will feel this one.
7.0—Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street.
8.0—Many buildings and bridges fall down. Large cracks in the earth.
9.0 and up—Whole cities flattened and large scale damage.
30．If a 5.0 magnitude earthquake hit your area, what might happen
A．Your house might shake violently.
B．People might feel no shaking at all.
C．The family photo may fall off the wall.
D．There might be cracks everywhere on the street.
31．What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2
A．It’s still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes.
B．Scientists can’t exactly measure the strength of an earthquake.
C．People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong.
D．The earthquake won’t cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 MMS.
32．How does the writer explain the concepts concerning the earthquake
A．By listing examples.
B．By giving explanations.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By offering data.
33．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To enrich people’s knowledge of self rescue in disasters.
B．To stress the importance of earthquake rescue.
C．To issue early warnings before an earthquake.
D．To present facts about the earthquake.
As a photographer, I left my hotel room on Thursday excited to record Tokyo.
I had just left the Tokyo Metro system, four floors under Shinjuku Station. Thousands of people stayed at train platforms (站台) and around the shops. It was around 3 p.m. I was lined up at the Bullet Train ticket counter to get some information about a trip to Nagoya tomorrow.
It was then that I felt the ground move under me slightly (轻微地). I took no notice of it at first, as did everyone around me. Then, seconds later, things started falling to the ground. I looked at an elderly man next to me. He smiled back at me and said one word:“Earthquake.”
I ran for the door, about 60 feet away. The ground was shaking so strongly that it was difficult to run in a straight line. My body was shaking when I reached the street. I still remembered the World Trade Center falling to the ground.
I turned to look at the building that I had just run out of; it was shaking uncontrollably. You could still hear the ground shaking as thousands of people evacuated the buildings. I started to take photos of everything that was happening.
I would find out later that afternoon that the quake was a magnitude (震级) of 8.9. Some people were shaken. There were a few women crying, but many others appeared calm and relaxed.
Making my way back to my hotel was a long and unforgettable journey. The rail system in Tokyo was completely shut down and millions were trying to make their way home on foot. The traffic came to a standstill on the streets, but I didn’t learn how catastrophic (灾难的) the event had actually been until I got to my hotel and turned on the news.
This earthquake will be forever burned in my mind as the most fearful experience of all.
34．What was the author doing when the earthquake happened
A．He was going to ask for help about his trip.
B．He was taking pictures to record Tokyo.
C．He was going to take a train.
D．He was helping an old man.
35．How was the old man when the earthquake happened
A．He was very peaceful.
B．He was frightened to death.
C．He was worrying about his family.
D．He was unsatisfied with the author.
36．What does the underlined word “evacuated” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Were stuck in. B．Moved out.
C．Looked for. D．Gave up.
37．How did the earthquake influence Tokyo according to the passage
A．It stopped Tokyo’s traffic.
B．It led to hotels breaking up.
C．It made a lot of people homeless.
D．It didn’t influence people’s daily life.
A series of small earthquakes have shaken central Nebraska and become the talk of the area. According to the information on a website, there have been several quakes since the 9th this month in the heart of the state, centered on the town Arnold, which is about 225 miles west of the capital Lincoln. The first, a 3. 3 magnitude (震级) quake, happened early that morning, followed by three on the following day, another on Sunday, and then the most recent earthquake on Monday. The strongest quake was the first one that struck on the 10th, which reached a magnitude of 3. 7. The earthquakes were found about three miles below the surface. There haven’t been any reports of human injury or damage of buildings caused by the quakes, according to KWBE, a radio station.
“It is just kind of strange,“ Becky Dailey, treasurer of the Arnold Chamber of Commerce, told that station, adding that people around town are running around and talking about the frequent quakes. Actually small quakes like these are not unusual. Just two minutes before Nebraska’s most recent earthquake, a separate one shook a city in the Dominican Republic, reaching a magnitude of 2. 5. A couple of hours later, a 2. 7 magnitude earthquake hit an area near Aguanga, in Southern California’s Riverside County. There were two more that day in different areas of Puerto Rico: a 2. 9 magnitude quake and a 3. 1 magnitude quake. Those were all small, but stronger quakes regularly rock the world—just not so often.
Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks. This sudden release of energy causes the waves that make the ground shake. Two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing (摩擦) against each other. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that is built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake happens.
38．What do we know about the quakes in Nebraska
A．There were six quakes in all.
B．They all happened within 24 hours.
C．They were centered on the capital Lincoln.
D．The biggest one reached a magnitude of 4. 0.
39．According to KWBE, the quakes in Nebraska most probably.
A．caused many buildings to fall B．caused damage to the crops
C．were not felt by the locals D．were not dangerous
40．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A．That no human got injured in the quakes. B．That quakes happened there so frequently.
C．That an earthquake took place in the state. D．That people kept talking about the quakes.
In late March, storms and rapid temperature shifts in several Midwestern states led to unexpected flooding. For Nebraska, it was the worst disaster in the state’s history: 76 of 93 counties have had to apply for aid, with damage approximately $1.3 billion. Many families are receiving assistance for repairs to homes, farms, and infrastructure (基础设施).
Although it has been a destructive time for Midwestern farm counties, many volunteers have joined in despite the dangers. For volunteer Lynn Caniglia, the feeling that comes from “helping families” is all the payment she needs.
Another girl called Jeanie Goodhile talked about her efforts. She raised disabled animals on her farm in Valley, Nebraska. The floods ruined her land and nearly killed all she owned. “When the water came, I had 20 minutes to save all of my animals,” Goodhile said. “When I attempted to get some animals out of their pens (畜栏), they wouldn’t come out.” Across the Midwest, three people and more than 2.3 million animals died in the flooding. Goodhile is grateful for the first volunteers who risked their lives to save others.
Volunteers from as far away as Ohio and North Carolina rescued people trapped and are now providing supplies for those in need and helping to rebuild. “I assess homes to see if they’re safe to live in after all of the damage,” said volunteer Steve Metcalph. “Several steps need to be taken to ensure that a house is safe and habitable after flooding. Cleaning out a home and making repairs after flood damage can be a tough, complex process. Roads, bridges, and highways were also damaged. Most of the highways and roads have reopened, but nearly one million homes are still awaiting clean-ups.”
41．Which of the following best describes Nebraska’s situation in late March
A．Terrible. B．Changeable. C．Pleasant. D．Effective.
42．What happened to Jeanie Goodhile’s farm
A．Her efforts to save some animals were in vain.
B．The flood didn't kill any animal on the farm.
C．There was no volunteer to help save the farm.
D．She had no time to save the animals on the farm.
43．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Survivors in the flood
B．A joint effort to save animals
C．The government’s great contributions
D．Volunteers helping victims through flood
After the fire, what now
Bishop Patrick Chauvet, Notre Dame’s manager, admitted that the famous building would close for “five to six years” as he spoke with local business owners Wednesday. He added that it was unclear what the church’s 67 employees would be doing in the future but he promised the building would revive after being restored. French President Emmanuel Macron said Tuesday that he wanted the church rebuilt in five years.
﹡What are the new rules
While tourists can’t go inside the site itself, the area still may prove popular to those paying their respects. Visitors are welcome to write messages of support about both the main and local city halls.
The island that houses the church has been closed and the people there have been evacuated since the fire. Paris businessmen who depend on Notre Dame tourism are worried about the church’s future as well as their own.
﹡________
It’s known that spring is a busy time for tourists in Paris. The travel companies recommend people visit other places, like the Basilique Saint-Denis, the Sacre-Coeur and so on. Those who tend to observe church services during Holy Week are advised to go to Saint-Eustache.
﹡Looking ahead to rebuilding.
It seems rebuilding can begin, since firefighters put out the fire early Tuesday, more than 12 hours after nearly 400 firefighters had battled the flames that changed the city’s skyline. Two policemen and one firefighter were slightly injured, according to the Paris Fire Service.
A large campaign to raise money is already underway to rebuild the church. Up to Wednesday, donations had come to $1 billion.
44．What can we learn from what the manager said
A．The famous building will be closed forever.
B．The building will be rebuilt in the future.
C．The government will give the employees jobs.
D．The president will make a plan to rebuild the building.
45．Which of the following subtitles can be filled in the blank
A．Saint-Eustache is favored by tourists. B．Tour companies offer other choices.
C．Church culture develops fast in Paris. D．The best time to visit Paris is spring.
46．According to the passage, what will happen after the fire
A．The government will arrange work for 67 employees.
B．Visitors will be forbidden to leave messages anywhere.
C．Churches in Paris will also be examined and repaired.
D．More money will be donated for the rebuilding project.
If the crust (外壳) of the earth were not pretty solid (坚固的), it would be shaking about and moving up and down frequently. However, there are places in the rocks of the earth’s crust where it isn’t strongly held together — where faults exist. Along the faults, one rock might push against another with great force. The energy is changed to vibration in the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!
The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906. Seven hundred people died and property (财产) damage amounted to about $425,000,000. The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.
One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1755. The city was destroyed and at least thirty thousand people were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed about seventy-five thousand people. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds of towns and villages were damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.
Two great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo, Japan, and in Gansu Province in China. The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the city of Yokohama, too. The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about two hundred thousand people.
47．The underlined word “vibration” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.
A．shaking B．force C．energy D．losing
48．Which of the following is the correct order of the years when the earthquakes happened
①the San Francisco Earthquake ②the earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal
③the earthquake in Calabria and Sicily ④the earthquake in central Italy
⑤the earthquake in Gansu Province ⑥the Tokyo quake
A．③④⑤⑥②① B．⑤⑥②①③④ C．②①③④⑤⑥ D．①③④②⑤⑥
49．According to the passage, the earthquake that killed the most people happened in ________.
A．Portugal B．Italy C．Japan D．China
50．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．the earth’s crust in Europe is weaker than that in other places
B．the fires following the San Francisco Earthquake caused more damage than the earthquake did
C．there were 75,000 people killed in the San Francisco earthquake
D．the city of Yokohama was not greatly influenced by the Tokyo quake
The event took place on Sunday, the 25th of June. On that particular day, a south wind had been gusting (劲吹) on and off all morning. It was not strong enough to cause us any concern, so we carried on our daily work, not doubting what was about to happen.
The storm gave us very little warning. Black clouds appeared over the distant horizon (地平线) so suddenly that we were taken by surprise. Even then, we were not really worried, as the clouds seemed to be moving over our house and towards the distant mountains. Then, just as the clouds had moved inland, the wind suddenly blew around in a full circle and we were facing a major storm.
Very soon, we were busily preparing for the worst. The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and crops. There was very little we could do about the crops. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded again. My older brother called his sheep-dog and began driving our small flock of sheep to higher ground above the river. If the river flooded, they should be safe there.
In the meantime, my father was mending a shed roof that had partly fallen down after many years of fine service. If the tin flew off, it could damage the house. My younger brother began hurriedly carrying firewood under the shelter. My job was to help Mum board up the windows. If the storm developed into a cyclone (旋风)，the boards would protect the glass.
The storm lasted for four hours, pouring more rain on us than we had seen in the last five years. As expected, the river broke its banks and came slowly up towards the house and the stock.
Then, just as we were beginning to lose hope, the storm stopped as suddenly as it had begun. The animals were safe, and the roof was still nailed on. “All’s well that ends well ,” said my mother.
51．When the black clouds appeared suddenly in the distance, _______.
A．the family were surprised B．they were extremely worried
C．they were preparing for the worst D．they faced the storm bravely
52．“There was very little we could do about the crops” suggests that ______.
A．little damage would be done to the crops
B．they had everything ready for the crops
C．they felt unable to protect the crops
D．the crops should be safe enough there
53．According to the third paragraph, what could be protected from the storm
A．Money owned by the family. B．Goods for sale.
C．Supplies for family use. D．Farm animals.
54．It can be inferred from what the mother said that _________·
A．they had no damage at all B．everything was as fine as before
C．everything was under control D．the family had a good result
Earthquake prediction has long been a challenge for scientists around the globe since the geological phenomenon can occur at any time and any location with little or no warning. The chance of a powerful earthquake can only be determined through long-term forecasts in a general area or region on Earth.
Throughout history, no individual or group has yet successfully predicted a major earthquake: including its date and time, location and magnitude. These are the three elements essential to make an earthquake, according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS). While small earthquakes occur all the time, high-intensity earthquakes are rare but is something to watch out.
Now, a new study led by researchers from Pennsylvania State University found a potential solution to the dilemma of earthquake forecast: ancient underthrust rocks. Rocks buried deep in ancient subduction (俯冲) zones — where tectonic( 地壳的) plates bump with each other — could help scientists make better predictions of how these zones behave during the years between major earthquakes.
According to the USGS, we are still uncertain how we can make such a feat and are not expecting to perfectly predict major earthquakes any time in the foreseeable future.
Although some people in the past said they could predict earthquakes, the U.S. Government agency asserts these are all failed predictions. Their predictions are neither grounded on scientific fact nor passed through the scientific method.
Since authorities in the field of geology and other related areas acknowledged that earthquake prediction is still far from being completed, scientists continue to further understand this mystery. Unlike weather forecasts of hurricanes and other storms, earthquakes have no concrete parameters (参数) that would indicate that they would occur in the coming hours, days, weeks or months.
Regardless, the Penn State researchers have made progress in the dilemma by understanding the underthrust rocks in ancient subduction zones. Determining this area could help scientists better predict the behavior of these zones during periods between major earthquakes. Evidence of their findings was based on clues from rock formations in Alaska and Japan.
55．What is the hard nut as to earthquake prediction
A．Earthquakes often occur in unexpected areas. B．No scientists can tell how earthquakes happen.
C．The geological structure is too complicated. D．It is hard to predict earthquakes accurately.
56．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4
A．Take actions. B．Achieve success.
C．Adopt measures. D．Face challenges.
57．Why can hurricanes be accurately forecasted
A．Because they can be tracked through the specific data.
B．Because they usually happen in some particular places.
C．Because they can be confirmed by the practical experience.
D．Because they often take place during hot summer time.
58．What is the best title for the passage
A．Ancient underthrust rocks help in earthquake prediction
B．Earthquake prediction remains a problem to work out
C．Underthrust rocks indicate coming violent earthquakes
D．Scientists can successfully predict destructive earthquakes
The tornado came without any sign—the sky was blue and the sun had been out. The first alert (警报) that my husband, Jimmy, 67, and I, 65, got came around 9 p. m., from some scrolling text on the TV Jimmy was watching. He ran upstairs to find me in our third-floor bedroom, and we changed the channel to our local station of Pensacola, Florida.
No sooner had we found coverage of the tornado than it was on top of us. The bones of the house shook, and the power went out. The wind began to roar through the house. We had three flights of steps to move to the relative safety of the first floor. Because the closet down there is wedged (将……塞进) underneath a brick staircase, it seemed like the sturdiest (坚固的) place in our town house to wait things out.
I didn’t know how or if we would make it down the steps. It felt as if there were no floor underneath me as the wind lifted me off my feet. I gripped (紧抓) the banister (楼梯的扶手) and tried to move forwards, but this intense pressure held me in place. In those seconds of stillness, I could hear everything around me rattling (发出咔嗒咔嗒的声音).
As we reached the last flight of steps, our front door blew out. Shards of glass that looked like broken ice flew everywhere. Suddenly, a three-foot-long tree branch whipped through the door frame. It flew over our heads, missing us by inches. Had we been one step up, it would have impaled (刺穿) us. The back wall of the house followed suit and was tore off into the darkness outside.
Instantly I reached the closet, Jimmy pushed me down to the closet floor, but he couldn’t get inside himself because of the wind. I gripped Jimmy’s arm as the tornado sucked the door open and tried to bring Jimmy with it. My knees and scalp (头皮) were full of glass, but in that moment, I felt no pain. If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out and into the bay. “Hold on! Hold on!” he shouted. But there was nothing in this closet to hold on to.
All of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet like people in tornadoes do in the movies. I thought he was gone. And then everything stopped. He landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldn’t believe it was over. Jimmy said he’d go outside to check. “No,” I said. “Don’t leave me.”
Our neighbour says the storm lasted four minutes. In that time, four of the twelve town houses in our unit were completely destroyed. Of the houses left standing, ours suffered the most damage. Amazingly, none of us were severely injured.
59．What do Paragraphs 2-4 mainly talk about
A．The tornado was on top of the author.
B．The tornado caused great damage.
C．The coverage of the tornado became a reality.
D．The tornado was so strong that it lifted the author off her feet.
60．What do the underlined words “this intense pressure” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The author’s nervousness about the tornado.
B．The force from the tornado on the author.
C．The stress the author felt from her life.
D．The pressure the banister gave the author.
61．What can be known from the passage
A．Neither the author nor her husband was severely injured.
B．The author’s house was completely destroyed.
C．They were aware of the tornado before it came.
D．It became dark outside before the tornado hit the town.
62．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To share with us her experience of surviving a tornado.
B．To warn us of the danger caused by tornadoes.
C．To show us how to fight against a tornado.
D．To tell us tornadoes are dangerous and how to protect us from them.
In the hours after the earthquake that hit Nepal on April 25,2015, thousands of rescue teams from around the world were sent there to help search for survivors through the ruins. This can be a very tough task, since it can take many hours to safely dig survivors, often in need of immediate medical care, out of the ruins.
After spending 80 hours in the ruins of a building outside Kathmandu, Rishi Khanal was pulled out alive by a French search and rescue team. Khanal had been trying to get the attention of rescue workers for days. After the team found him, they spent 10 hours digging him out. The team broke the concrete (混凝土) that trapped Khanal within the building and pulled him up through a hole before carrying him away. Khanal suffered a broken leg.
“What made his survival so unusual was that after the first three days, there was little chance of finding survivors. It seemed he survived by willpower,” said Akhilesh Shrestha, a doctor who treated Khanal.
Meanwhile, rescues of a different kind were taking place on Mount Qomolangma.
On the border (边境) between Nepal and its northern neighbor China, more than 100 people were trying to climb Mount Qomolangma when the earthquake hit. 19 people were killed when an avalanche (雪崩) caused by the earthquake hit hundreds of tents (帐篷) at base camp. At least 61 people were injured.
The surviving climbers, who were stranded (滞留) in two different camps both above 21,000 feet, have all been rescued and returned to base camp. Small helicopters carried the climbers down the mountain in groups of four or five. Landing on Qomolangma long enough to pick up a passenger is dangerous even in good conditions, and helicopters could not touch down for more than 30 seconds to pick up passengers.
63．What does the underlined word “tough” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Quick. B．Difficult. C．Important. D．Dangerous.
64．What did Akhilesh Shrestha say about Khanal’s survival
A．It was thanks to Khanal’s work as a doctor. B．It depended on the rescue team’s efforts.
C．It was thought to be almost impossible. D．It encouraged other injured people.
65．What caused the death of the 19 climbers
A．A powerful avalanche. B．Bad weather conditions.
C．Serious mountain sickness. D．A shortage of food and water.
66．Which of the following can best describe the work of rescuing climbers
A．Risky and hopeless. B．Smooth and creative.
C．Meaningful but boring. D．Challenging but successful.
Natural disasters are terrible events. They are difficult for adults and children. But adults should not be afraid to talk to children about natural disasters. Talking can not stop natural disasters from happening. But talking can help children feel safer and less afraid of the future. Here are five things adults can do when children show fear of natural disasters.
First, adults should be willing to talk with children. When children are allowed to talk about their fears, they feel safer. Sometimes, the best thing an adult can do is just listen. Whatever the fear, it is important to listen and be patient with the child.
Second, let children ask questions. When answering their questions, it is best to give short, honest answers. If you do not know the answer, you can be honest and say that you do not know.
Third, it is important to wait until a child is ready to talk about a natural disaster. Adults should not force children to talk.
Fourth, help children feel safe. There are many ways to do this. One way is very simple：adults can tell frightened children that they love them. It is also important for children to do the same things they do every day. Simple things like going to school and eating dinner can help children feel normal.
Fifth, use activities to help children communicate their fears. Heshani was 13 when the Indian Ocean tsunami ruined her house in Sri Lanka. One year later, she was still living under the shadow (阴影) of the natural disaster. She did not like to visit her ruined house. And she did not want to talk about the problems her family had. However, she loved to write. And she often shared her feelings about the tsunami in her poems. Writing poems was a way for her to share her fears since she did not like to talk about them.
67．What is the best way when dealing with children’s fear of disasters
A．Answering their questions. B．Waiting for them to talk.
C．Talking about disasters with them. D．Listening to them.
68．Which of the following can help children feel safe according to the passage
A．Telling them they are loved. B．Sending them to school.
C．Doing something different. D．Teaching them to write poems.
69．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．How to deal with children’s fear of disasters.
B．How to talk with children about natural disasters.
C．Ways to help children understand disasters.
D．Advice given to adults on overcoming children’s fear.
One afternoon in 2022, something on the Internet caught my eye：a tiny hedgehog (刺猬) held by a big hand. The post read: “HELP! My hedgehog abandoned (抛弃) her two babies, and I cannot raise both of them because I have to go to school full time. Good home with experience needed as soon as possible!”

I had no experience with baby hedgehogs. I was an animal person through and through and had raised cats, dogs, birds, and guinea pigs. But this tiny animal was new to me, and it touched me that he was abandoned, that maybe I could love him and be the best mom for him.
I wrote the most heartfelt email I could. That was how I found my Louie. True to my word, he was my baby. Louie didn’t know he was a hedgehog. He never curled (蜷缩) into a ball, and he liked my two cats, no fear. The cats, however, were afraid of him, as he often moved into the room, running after the cats and blocking my way.
By the time he reached old age, Louie had only three feet. However, he still managed to climb the stairs to visit other animals. He helped me realize my dream of hedgehog photography, a hobby that began during childhood with cats and dollhouses. I love showing off his modeling.
Life has meaning because of the purpose we have. Louie needed a good home and mom, and in return, I got to be a good mother and be needed. Hedgehogs require great amounts of patience, trust, and knowledge—but the payoff (回报) is pretty great.
70．The author got Louie from .
A．a pet shop B．a family friend
C．a hedgehog owner D．a hedgehog rescue center
71．How did Louie seem to feel at the author’s home
A．Frightened. B．Relaxed. C．Lonely. D．Tired.
72．What can we learn about Louie from paragraph 4
A．He disliked climbing stairs. B．He enjoyed being left alone.
C．He always refused to be in photos. D．He was active despite his difficulty in moving.
73．What does the author say about raising Louie
A．It was easier than expected. B．It gave her a sense of safety.
C．It made her lose her patience. D．It was satisfying and meaningful.
参考答案：
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B D A C B C A B C D
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 A D B C A C D B D A
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B D C B D B A D C C
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 A B D A A B A A D B
题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
答案 A A D B B D A C D B
题号 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
答案 A C D D D B A A B B
题号 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
答案 A A B C A D D A A C
题号 71 72 73
答案 B D D
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
5．B 6．C 7．A
8．B 9．C 10．D 11．A
12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A
16．C 17．D 18．B 19．D
20．A 21．B 22．D 23．C
24．B 25．D 26．B
27．A 28．D 29．C
30．C 31．A 32．B 33．D
34．A 35．A 36．B 37．A
38．A 39．D 40．B
41．A 42．A 43．D
44．B 45．B 46．D
47．A 48．C 49．D 50．B
51．A 52．C 53．D 54．D
55．D 56．B 57．A 58．A
59．B 60．B 61．A 62．A
63．B 64．C 65．A 66．D
67．D 68．A 69．A
70．C 71．B 72．D 73．D
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