第 13 讲 完形填空（说明文）
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】社会现象与社会问题类说明文的考查
【题型二】科普知识与科学技术类说明文的考查
【题型三】人与动植物类说明文的考查
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 社会现象与社会问题类说明文的考查
1.（2024·广东广州·三模）What’s the point of studying It’s something you might ask yourself if you’re
1 to finish an assignment, 2 if your friends seem to be out having fun, or are 3 and earning
lots of money.
Many of us choose to go to university as a first step towards a good 4 , but sometimes graduates are
educated beyond what is necessary for a job. Even so, according to a research conducted by an organization, a
5 will, in the long run, earn you more. What’s more, there are 6 in your earning potential. A researcher
says that graduates of the 24 Russell Group universities earn about 40% more than those who studied at other
universities after five years.
7 , it found it’s not just the location but other factors that can 8 what you can earn. For
example, graduates in subjects such as law and medicine 9 to do well. And as they progress, the pay gap
between these careers and others, such as the creative arts, 10 . Also, a student’s 11
background can have an effect, with those from households highly valuing education much more likely to go to
university, and mostly likely a 12 one.
But if you still don’t feel university delivers the best work opportunities, there are 13 words from
Alistair Jarvis, head of Universities UK, who says that graduates are half as likely to be 14 as
non-graduates. So maybe all that studying is 15 — after all “no pains, no gains”!
1．A．planning B．struggling C．trying D．hoping
2．A．actually B．usually C．especially D．generally
3．A．working B．studying C．wandering D．living
4．A．education B．life C．marriage D．career
5．A．degree B．major C．skill D．patent
6．A．changes B．difficulties C．improvements D．differences
7．A．Then B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Instead
8．A．involve in B．contribute to C．consist of D．result from
9．A．happen B．tend C．long D．manage
10．A．exists B．disappears C．widens D．varies
11．A．religious B．historical C．educational D．social
12．A．big B．good C．popular D．public
13．A．encouraging B．amazing C．sincere D．scientific
14．A．disrespected B．distrusted C．unemployed D．unpaid
15．A．reliable B．favorable C．interesting D．rewarding
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．D 7．D 8．B 9．B 10．C 11．D
12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。上大学获取一个学位可不是件容易的事。大多数人相信，获得大学文凭对一名
毕业生的未来职业发展必有帮助。但这一纸文凭究竟有那么管用吗？学生所学习的专业会影响其未来的就
业和收入吗？短文讨论在英国，学历和收入之间的关系。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在努力完成一项任务时，尤其是当你的朋友似乎出去玩了，或者正在工
作并赚了很多钱的时候，你可能会问自己这个问题。A. planning 计划；B. struggling 奋斗；C. trying 尝试； D.
hoping 希望。根据上文“What’s the point of studying ”以及下文“___2___ if your friends seem to be out having
fun, or are ___3___ and earning lots of money.”可知，下文说的场景与学习形成了反差，所以是努力的完成学
习上的任务。故选 B 项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当你在努力完成一项任务时，尤其是当你的朋友似乎出去玩了，或者正在工
作并赚了很多钱的时候，你可能会问自己这个问题。A. actually 事实上；B. usually 通常；C. especially 尤其
地；D. generally 大概。根据下文“if your friends seem to be out having fun, or are ___3___ and earning lots of
money.”可知，本句在强调。故选 C 项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在努力完成一项任务时，尤其是当你的朋友似乎出去玩了，或者正在工
作并赚了很多钱的时候，你可能会问自己这个问题。A. working 工作；B. studying 学习；C. wandering 想知
道；D. living 生活。根据下文“earning lots of money”工作才能 赚钱。故选 A 项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们中的许多人选择上大学作为迈向好职业的第一步，但有时毕业生所受的
教育超出了工作所需的范围。A. education 教育；B. life 生活；C. marriage 婚姻；D. career 职业。根据常识
可知，上大学作为迈向好职业的第一步。故选 D 项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即便如此，根据一家机构进行的一项研究，从长远来看，学位会给你带来更
多的收入。A. degree 学位；B. major 专业；C. skill 技能；D. patent 专利。根据下文“ A researcher says that
graduates of the 24 Russell Group universities earn about 40% more than those who studied at other universities
after five years.”可知，即使是上了大学，学位的不同会导致收入的不同。故选 A 项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，你们的收入潜力也不同。A. changes 改变；B. difficulties 困难；
C. improvements 提高；D. differences 差异，不同。根据上文“a ___5___ will, in the long run, earn you more.”
可知，学位导致了不同的收入，所以收入潜力也不同。故选 D 项。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：反而，它发现不仅仅是地点，还有其他因素会导致了你的收入不同。A. Then
然后；B. Therefore 因此；C. Moreover 此外；D. Instead 反而。根据句意可知，上下文为转折关系。故选 D
项。
8．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：反而，它发现不仅仅是地点，还有其他因素会导致了你的收入不同。A.
involve in 参与；B. contribute to 有助于，导致；C. consist of 由……组成；D. result from 由…导致。根据上
文“it’s not just the location but other factors”可知，还有其他因素会导致了你的收入不同。故选 B 项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，法律和医学等专业的毕业生往往表现良好。A. happen 发生；B. tend
倾向于，往往会；C. long 渴望；D. manage 管理。根据上文“graduates in subjects such as law and medicine”可
知，法律和医学作为热门和受尊重的行业收入可观。故选 B 项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着他们的进步，这些职业与其他职业(如创意艺术)之间的薪酬差距也在扩
大。A. exists 存在；B. disappears 消失；C. widens 加宽；D. varies 变化。根据上文“And as they progress”可知，
法律和医学等专业在进步，所以收入差距与其他行业相比会增大。故选 C 项。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，学生的社会背景也会产生影响，来自重视教育家庭的学生更有可
能上大学，而且多半是一所好大学。A. religious 宗教的；B. historical 历史的；C. educational 教育的；D. social
社会的。根据下文“with those from households highly valuing education”可知，这些都是社会背景。故选 D 项。
12．考查词形容词义辨析。句意：此外，学生的社会背景也会产生影响，来自重视教育家庭的学生更有可
能上大学，而且多半是一所好大学。A. big 大的；B. good 好的；C. popular 受欢迎的；D. public 公共的。根
据上文“with those from households highly valuing education much more likely to go to university”可知，重视教
育家庭的学生多半上一所好大学。故选 B 项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果你仍然觉得大学不能提供最好的工作机会，英国大学联合会主席
Alistair Jarvis 的话令人鼓舞。他说，大学毕业生失业的可能性是非大学毕业生的一半。A. encouraging 令人
鼓舞的；B. amazing 令人惊讶的；C. sincere 真诚的；D. scientific 科学的。根据下文“who says that graduates are
half as likely to be ___14___ as non-graduates.”可知，这是鼓舞人心的话。故选 A 项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果你仍然觉得大学不能提供最好的工作机会，英国大学联合会主席
Alistair Jarvis 的话令人鼓舞。他说，大学毕业生失业的可能性是非大学毕业生的一半。A. disrespected 不尊
重的；B. distrusted 不被信任的； C. unemployed 失业的；D. unpaid 无报酬的。Alistair Jarvis 是支持上大学
的，所以他在拿失业率作比较。故选 C 项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以也许所有的学习都是有回报的——毕竟“一分耕耘，一分收获”!。A.
reliable 可依赖的；B. favorable 有利的；良好的；C. interesting 有趣的；D. rewarding 有益的；值得做的；报
酬高的。根据下文“no pains, no gains”可知，学习是有回报的。故选 D 项。
2.（2024·陕西安康·三模）Short bursts of exercise can make you fit in the long term. To prove this, Gillen’s
team randomly assigned participants to three 16 . One rode an exercise bike at a moderate (中等的) level
of 17 for 45 minutes, three times per week. A second group did three times 18 the 10-minute
high-intensity workouts. A third group 19 a control and did nothing.
After 12 weeks, both exercise groups had 20 their insulin (胰岛素) resistance and also increased
their 21 (as measured by their capacity to use oxygen during exercise) by about 19 percent. The gains
were 22 between the groups, even though the group doing 23 workouts with high intensity
intervals had spent only about 22 percent as much 24 as the group doing traditional longer workouts.
But people in the second group do find these 25 interval exercise programs enjoyable enough to
26 .
Turning to shorter workouts is not just a way to 27 time. It can also help you continue to make
fitness 28 even when life gets in the 29 .
“Let’s say you have exams coming up or your job is 30 and you only have a couple of hours
perweek to exercise,” Androulakis-Korakakis says, “ 31 feeling like your strength and muscle will
32 , turning to a minimum-amount 33 can still help you continue 34 your body.”
“It’s hard to 35 that you don’t have 10 or 15 minutes that you can find. That’s just not checking
your email one more time or getting off social media,” de Lannoy says.
16．A．classes B．areas C．groups D．steps
17．A．achievement B．ability C．speed D．strength
18．A．weekly B．monthly C．daily D．yearly
19．A．related to B．served as C．applied for D．dealt with
20．A．prevented B．declined C．improved D．contained
21．A．judgment B．curiosity C．pleasure D．fitness
22．A．various B．similar C．contrary D．delicate
23．A．short B．familiar C．extreme D．gentle
24．A．camping B．counting C．calculating D．exercising
25．A．hard B．special C．fair D．free
26．A．advocate B．compare C．spread D．continue
27．A．exchange B．kill C．save D．steal
28．A．discoveries B．requirements C．choices D．gains
29．A．direction B．way C．sense D．distance
30．A．demanding B．rewarding C．comforting D．striking
31．A．Due to B．Instead of C．Apart from D．As for
32．A．disappear B．survive C．suffer D．form
33．A．response B．approach C．limitation D．grade
34．A．building B．checking C．recovering D．observing
35．A．predict B．inform C．confirm D．argue
【答案】
16．C 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．C 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．A
26．D 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．A 31．B 32．C 33．B 34．A 35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过分组实验，证明短时间的高强度锻炼可以使你长期保持健康。建议大
家尽量利用一些零碎时间进行高强度的锻炼。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了证明这一点，吉伦的团队将参与者随机分为三组。A. classes 班级；B. areas
地区；C. groups 小组；D. steps 步骤。根据下文的“one…”，“A second group…”和“A third group…”可知，此
处置将参与者分成三组。故选 C。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一组以中等强度骑自行车 45 分钟，每周三次。A. achievement 成就；
B. ability 能力；C. speed 速度；D. strength 力量，强度。根据下文“high-intensity workouts”可知，第一组进行
的是中等强度的锻炼。故选 D。
18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：第二组每周进行三次 10 分钟的高强度锻炼。A. weekly 每周；B. monthly 每
月；C. daily 每天；D. yearly 每年。根据上文“for 45 minutes, three times per week.”可知，此处表示每周地锻
炼。故选 A。
19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第三组作为对照组，什么也不做。A. related to 与……有关；B. served as 用
作，充当；C. applied for 申请；D. dealt with 处理。根据“a control and did nothing.”可知，第三组作为对照组。
故选 B。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：12 周后，两个运动组都改善了他们的胰岛素抵抗力，健康值也增长了（根
据他们在运动中使用氧气的能力测量）约 19%。A. prevented 阻止；B. declined 下降；C. improved 提高；D.
contained 包含。根据“also increased”可知，运动组的胰岛素抵抗力得到了改善。故选 C。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. judgment 评价；B. curiosity 好奇心；C. pleasure 快乐；D. fitness 健
康。根据“as measured by their capacity to use oxygen during exercise”可知，运动组健康值也得到了提高。故选
D。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管进行高强度间歇性短时间锻炼的那一组只花费了传统长时间锻炼的
22%的时间，但两组之间的增益是相似的。A. various 各种各样的；B. similar 相似的；C. contrary 相反的；
D. delicate 精美的，脆弱的。根据上文“Short bursts of exercise can make you fit in the long term.”推知，进行高
强度间歇性短时间锻炼的那一组和传统长时间锻炼那一组的增益是相似的。故选 B。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. short 短的；B. familiar 熟悉的；C. extreme 极度的；D. gentle 温柔
的。根据上文“A second group did three times 　　3　　 the 10-minute high-intensity workouts.”可知，这里是
进行高强度间歇性短时间锻炼。故选 A。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意同 7 小题。A. camping 露营；B. counting 数数，重要；C. calculating 计算；D.
exercising 锻炼。此处对应“workouts”应该是锻炼。故选 D。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但第二组的人确实觉得这些艰苦的间歇运动项目很有趣，愿意继续下去。
A. hard 艰苦的；B. special 特别的；C. fair 公平的；D. free 免费的，自由的。根据“the 10-minute high-intensity
workouts”可知，进行高强度间歇性短时间锻炼是艰苦的。故选 A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. advocate 提倡；B. compare 比较；C. spread 传播；D. continue 继续。
根据“the second group do find these 　　10　　 interval exercise programs enjoyable”可知，因为觉得有趣，所
以能继续下去。故选 D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：转向更短时间的锻炼不仅是节省时间的一种方式。A. exchange 交换；B. kill
杀死；C. save 节省，拯救；D. steal 偷。根据“workouts with high intensity intervals had spent only about 22 percent
as much 　　9　　 as the group doing traditional longer workouts.”可知，更短时间的锻炼能节省时间。故选
C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它还可以帮助你继续获得健康增益，即使你整天忙得不可开交。A. discoveries
发现；B. requirements 要求；C. choices 选择；D. gains 增加，利益。根据上文“The gains were 　　7　　 between
the groups”可知，更短时间的锻炼可以帮助你获得持续的健康增益。故选 D。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. direction 方向；B. way 方法；C. sense 意识，意义；D. distance 距离。
get in the way 为固定搭配，意为“忙碌，妨碍”。结合表示转折意义的“ even”可知，此处指即使工作很忙，
也可以从短时间高强度的锻炼中获得健康增益。故选 B。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Androulakis-Korakakis 说:“假设你即将考试，或者你的工作要求很高，而
你每周只有几个小时的锻炼时间。”A. demanding 要求高的；B. rewarding 值得的；C. comforting 令人安慰的；
D. striking 引人注目的。与上文的“you have exams coming up”对应，此处应该是工作要求苛刻。故选 A。
31．考查介词短语辨析。句意：“与其让你的体力和肌肉受苦，不如采取最少量的锻炼方法，这样仍然可以
帮助你强身健体”。A. Due to 由于；B. Instead of 代替，而不是；C. Apart from 除……之外；D. As for 至于。
根据“feeling like your strength and muscle will 　　17　　”可知，此处表示与其让你的体力和肌肉受苦，不如
转向短时高强度锻炼。故选 B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“与其让你的体力和肌肉受苦，不如采取最少量的锻炼方法，这样仍然可以
帮助你强身健体”。A. disappear 消失；B. survive 幸存；C. suffer 遭受，受苦；D. form 形成。根据“It can also
help you continue to make fitness 　　13　　 even when life gets in the 　　14　　.”可知，当生活忙得不可开
交的时候，选择最少量的锻炼能避免体力和肌肉受苦。故选 C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“与其让你的体力和肌肉受苦，不如采取最少量的锻炼方法，这样仍然可以
帮助你强身健体”。A. response 回应；B. approach 方法；C. limitation 限制；D. grade 成绩。根据上文“Turning
to shorter workouts”可知，此处建议采取最少量的锻炼方法。故选 B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“与其让你的体力和肌肉受苦，不如采取最少量的锻炼方法，这样仍然可以
帮助你强身健体”。A. building 建立；B. checking 检查；C. recovering 恢复；D. observing 观察。根据“It can also
help you continue to make fitness 　　13　　 even when life gets in the 　　14　　.”可知，更短时间的锻炼能
够帮助你强身健体，build one's body“强身健体”。故选 A。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很难说你没有 10 到 15 分钟的空闲时间。A. predict 预测；B. inform 通知；
C. confirm 证实；D. argue 争论，证明。根据“That’s just not checking your email one more time or getting off social
media”可知，此处表明 10 到 15 分钟的空闲时间还是能找到的。故选 D。
3.（2024·云南昆明·模拟预测）Generally, most people feel delighted when birthday comes, especially
children. They count the days and can’t wait to send 36 to their friends, in hope of getting together and
enjoying a birthday cake. 37 , not everyone is excited about birthday. There are many people out there
who never 38 to celebrate it. They find the day as 39 as any other day. Nothing in their
routine changes in the name of 40 .
This may be common in those who are in their 50’s or older. For some people in this age, life becomes a
41 that is going on and on and at a 42 pace. They feel like losing control of their time and every
passing year 43 the fear of dying soon. This is not good as it stimulates negativity. But some people do
so and they can’t 44 it. Their birthday is nothing more than 45 news for them.
Some people do not like to come to the notice of others due to any possible reason on this earth. They just
don’t want to be the 46 of others. You may feel surprised about this nature but they like to remain as part
of the crowd. Birthdays are 47 to this feeling as they bring sudden 48 to people.
There is also another part of the population that thinks it is a 49 of money. Their logic is, why
lose the hard-earned 50 for the pleasure of three to four hours
36．A．blessings B．greetings C．invitation D．gratitude
37．A．Anyway B．Besides C．Therefore D．Nevertheless
38．A．long B．refuse C．remember D．manage
39．A．normal B．active C．exciting D．busy
40．A．leisure B．celebration C．sympathy D．admiration
41．A．reality B．dream C．story D．journey
42．A．consistent B．slower C．faster D．steadier
43．A．cuts up B．builds up C．takes up D．breaks up
44．A．help B．get C．make D．put
45．A．wonderful B．awful C．unexpected D．rare
46．A．pride B．example C．focus D．burden
47．A．familiar B．fundamental C．similar D．contrary
48．A．shelter B．attention C．sign D．appearance
49．A．budget B．collection C．waste D．lack
50．A．reputation B．rest C．time D．salary
【答案】
36．C 37．D 38．A 39．A 40．B 41．D 42．C 43．B 44．A 45．B
46．C 47．D 48．B 49．C 50．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有的人不热衷于庆祝生日的原因。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们数着日子，迫不及待地向朋友发 出邀请，希望能聚在一起享受生日蛋
糕。A. blessings 祝福；B. greetings 问候；C. invitation 邀请；D. gratitude 感激。根据下文“in hope of getting
together and enjoying a birthday cake.”可知，他们迫不及待的想邀请朋友一起过生日。故选 C。
37．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，并不是每个人都对生日感到兴奋。A. Anyway 无论如何；B. Besides
此外；C. Therefore 因此；D. Nevertheless 然而。根据上文“Generally, most people feel delighted when birthday
comes, especially children.”及下文“not everyone is excited about birthday.”可知，前后句为转折关系。故选 D。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：外面有许多人从不渴望庆祝它。A. long 渴望；B. refuse 拒绝；C. remember
记住；D. manage 设法完成。根据上文“not everyone is excited about birthday.”可知，外面有许多人从不渴望
庆祝生日。故选 A。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们发现这一天和其他任何一 天一样平常。A. normal 正常的，平常的；
B. active 积极的；C. exciting 令人兴奋的；D. busy 忙的。根据下文“Nothing in their routine changes in the name
of ___5___.”可知，这一天和其他任何一天一样平常。故选 A。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的日常生活中没有任何以庆祝为名的改变。A. leisure 休闲；B. celebration
庆祝；C. sympathy 同情；D. admiration 羡慕。根据上文“There are many people out there who never ___3___ to
celebrate it. ”可知，他们没有以庆祝的名义进行任何改变。故选 B。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于这个年龄段的一些人来说，生活变成了一段不断前进、节奏更快的旅
程。A. reality 事实；B. dream 梦；C. story 故事；D. journey 旅行。根据空后“that is going on and on and at a
__7___pace”可知，对于这些人来说，生活变成了一段不断前进、节奏更快的旅程。故选 D。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于这个年龄段的一些人来说，生活变成了一段不断前进、节奏更快的
旅程。A. consistent 一致的；B. slower 更慢的；C. faster 更快的；D. steadier 更稳定的。根据下文“They feel like
losing control of their time and every passing year ___8____ the fear of dying soon.”可知，生活变成了一场不停
地以更快的速度进行的旅行。故选 C。
43．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们觉得自己失去了对时间的控制，每过一年对死亡的恐惧就增加一点。
A. cuts up 切碎；B. builds up 建立，逐渐的增长；C. takes up 开始从事；D. breaks up 分手。根据空后“the fear
of dying soon”可知，每过一年对死亡的恐惧就增加一点。故选 B。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但有些人就是这样做的，他们也没法控制。A. help 帮助；B. get 得到；C. make
制作；D. put 放置。根据上文“They feel like losing control of their time and every passing year ___8____ the fear
of dying soon.”可知，尽管这些人对生日有恐惧，但生日该来还是来，他们也没法控制。故选 A。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的生日对他们来说只不过是个糟糕的消息。A. wonderful 美好的；B. awful
糟糕的；C. unexpected难以预料的；D. rare罕见的。根据上文“They feel like losing control of their time and every
passing year ___8____ the fear of dying soon.”可知，他们的生日对他们来说只不过 是个糟糕的消息。故选 B。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们只是不想成为别人的焦点。A. pride 自豪；B. example 例子；C. focus 焦
点；D. burden 负担。根据上文“Some people do not like to come to the notice of others due to any possible reason
on this earth.”可知，他们不想成为别人的焦点。故选 C。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生日与这种感觉相反，它会突然引起人们的注意。A. familiar 熟悉的；B.
fundamental 基础的；C. similar 相似的；D. contrary 相反的。根据上文“They just don’t want to be the ___11___of
others.”可知，生日与这种感觉相反。故选 D。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生日与这种感觉相反，它会突然引起人们的注意。A. shelter 避难所；B. attention
注意力；C. sign 标志；D. appearance 出 现。根据上文“Birthdays are ___12___ to this feeling as they bring
sudden”可知，生日会引起他人的注意。故选 B。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有另一部分人认为这是浪费钱。A. budget 预算；B. collection 收藏品；C.
waste 浪费；D. lack 缺乏。根据下文“Their logic is, why lose the hard-earned ___15___ for the pleasure of three to
four hours ”可知，有人认为过生日是浪费钱。故选 C。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的逻辑是，为什么要为了三到四个小时的快感而失去辛苦挣来的薪水
呢？A. reputation 名声；B. rest 休息；C. time 时间；D. salary 工资，薪水。根据空前“the hard-earned”可知，
此处指辛苦挣来的薪水。故选 D。
题型二 科普知识与科学技术类说明文的考查
4.（23-24 高三·浙江嘉兴·模拟预测）The Poseidon Effect
Late one autumn day at the local swimming pool in Ancenis, France, an 18-year-old named Jean LeRoy
came for his regular evening swim in the 25-metre pool.
When people are drowning, they don’t usually shout and 51 in the way it happens on
television. Most people drown quite 52 , with the person quickly sinking beneath the water. On the
evening, LeRoy was testing how far he could swim underwater 53 one breath. At some moment, as he
was doing this, he became unconscious. 54 he tried he couldn’t breathe. He sank to the bottom of the
pool. LeRoy was drowning.
Luckily for him, the swimming pool was 55 with an electronic surveillance system called
Poseidon. Although the human lifeguards had not noticed, 12 large machine eyes deep underwater were watching
the whole thing. Poseidon has underwater cameras which 56 people as they swim. The cameras are
connected to a computer. It is 57 to recognize 58 a swimmer is not moving normally.
The lifeguards at the Ancenis pool were wearing a special device that 59 when the computer detected
a possible problem. Sixteen seconds after Poseidon noticed LeRoy’s body, the lifeguards had pulled him out of the
pool. He started breathing again. After one night in hospital, he was sent home completely 60 .
Poseidon had saved his life.
Machines like Poseidon completely change how we live. Think of your life before the answering machine
was invented. Think of your grandparents’ lives before the television and the airplane were introduced. The change
will be just as great. It is 61 happening.
Soon, machines will recognize our faces and our fingerprints. They will 62 for drowning
people, for 63 carrying bombs, for speeding drivers and heart patients. Imagine devices that monitor a
baby’s breathing and track children as they go to and from school. Imagine machines 64 quiet signals
to nearby computers, which will send information to your doctor, your lawyer, and the local police. As time passes,
more and more of our lives will be 65 by machines. They will know all about us.
51．A．splash B．cry C．yell D．scream
52．A．soon B．quietly C．silently D．simply
53．A．in B．within C．over D．on
54．A．No matter how B．However C．Whoever D．Whatever
55．A．established B．installed C．set D．equipped
56．A．show B．film C．propagate D．outline
57．A．postulated B．made C．programmed D．relayed
58．A．whether B．when C．while D．if
59．A．alarmed B．beeped C．warned D．alerted
60．A．healthy B．normal C．safe D．well
61．A．always B．merely C．readily D．already
62．A．watch out B．take care C．look back D．go over
63．A．terrorists B．invalids C．senators D．tyrants
64．A．will send B．to send C．send D．sending
65．A．recorded B．checked C．monitored D．supervised
【答案】
51．A 52．C 53．D 54．B 55．B 56．B 57．C 58．B 59．B 60．D
61．D 62．A 63．A 64．D 65．C
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了 Poseidon 电子监控系统如何改变我们的生活方式，以及它如何帮助拯救溺
水者的生命。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当人们溺水时，他们通常不会像电视上那样大喊大叫、四处扑腾。A. splash
拍水；B. cry 哭泣；C. yell 大喊；D. scream 尖叫。根据后文“Most people drown quite 　　　　　　, with the
person quickly sinking beneath the water.”可知，大多数人溺水时很安静，很快就沉到水下，所以不会大喊大
叫、四处扑腾。故选 A 项。
52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：大多数人溺水时很安静，很快就沉到水下。A. soon 很快；B. quietly 安静地；
C. silently 无声地；D. simply 仅仅。根据前文“they don’t usually shout”可知，不会大喊大叫，所以沉默无声
地。故选 C 项。
53．考查介词词义辨析。句意：晚上，LeRoy 正在测试他一口气能在水下游多远。A. in 在……里面；B. within
在内部；C. over 在……期间；D. on 在……上。根据后文“one breath”可知，此处是固定搭配：on one breath
意为“一口气”。故选 D 项。
54．考查状语连接词辨析。句意：无论他怎么努力，他都无法呼吸。A. No matter how 不管怎样；B. However
不管怎样；C. Whoever 无论是谁；D. Whatever 无论什么。根据后文“he tried he couldn’t breathe”可知，此处
表达“不管怎样”之意，又 However 是比较正式的用语，大都用于书面语，口语中较少使用；no matter how
则比较口语化，它的语势比 however 重，故常用在强调的场合。故选 B 项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，游泳池安装了一个名为“波塞冬”的电子监控系统。A. established
建立；B. installed 安装；C. set 设置；D. equipped 装备。根据后文“an electronic surveillance system”可知，电
子监控系统应该是被安装在游泳池。故选 B 项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：波塞冬有水下摄像机，可以拍摄人们游泳的过程。A. show 显示；B. film 拍
摄；C. propagate 传播；D. outline 概述。根据前文“Poseidon has underwater cameras”可知，摄像机是用来拍
摄的。故选 B 项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它的程序是，当游泳者不正常移动时，它就会识别出来。A. postulated 假设；
B. made 制造；C. programmed 编写程序；D. relayed 转发。根据前文“an electronic surveillance system called
Poseidon”可知，Poseidon 是一个电子监控系统，所以应是被编程。故选 C 项。
58．考查状语连接词辨析。句意：它的程序是，当游泳者不正常移动时，它就会识别出来。A. whether 是否；
B. when 当……时；C. while 与……同时；D. if 如果。根据后文“a swimmer is not moving normally.”可知，此
处表达“当游泳者不正常移动时”之意。故选 B 项。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：安塞尼斯游泳池的救生员都戴着一种特殊的设备，当电脑检测到可能出现
的问题时，它就会发出哔哔声。A. alarmed 使担心；B. beeped 发出哔哔声；C. warned 警告；D. alerted 使警
惕。根据前文“The lifeguards at the Ancenis pool were wearing a special device”可知，救生员带着装置，由常识
推断，这个装置应是提醒救生员有人需要救援，所以应是发出哔哔声进行提醒。故选 B 项。
60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在医院住了一夜之后，他完全康复出院了。A. healthy 健康的；B. normal
正常的；C. safe 安全的；D. well 状态良好。根据后文“Poseidon had saved his life.”可知，波塞冬救了他的命，
所以他是完全恢复了。故选 D 项。
61．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这已经发生了。A. always 总是；B. merely 仅；C. readily 乐意地；D. already
已经。根据前文“Think of your life before the answering machine was invented. Think of your grandparents’ lives
before the television and the airplane were introduced.”可知，作者的举例都是已发生的事。故选 D 项。
62．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们会小心溺水的人、携带炸弹的恐怖分子、超速驾驶的司机和心脏病患
者。A. watch out 提防；B. take care 当心；C. look back 回顾；D. go over 仔细检查。根据后文“for drowning people,
for 　　　　 carrying bombs, for speeding drivers and heart patients.”可知，对于溺水的人，超速驾驶的司机和
心脏病患者都应该小心。故选 A 项。
63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会小心溺水的人、携带炸弹的恐怖分子、超速驾驶的司机和心脏病患
者。A. terrorists 恐怖分子；B. invalids 病弱者；C. senators 参议员；D. tyrants 暴君。根据后文“carrying bombs”
可知，携带炸弹，应是恐怖分子。故选 A 项。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下，机器向附近的计算机发送安静的信号，这些计算机将向你的医生、
律师和当地警察发送信息。A. will send 将发送；B. to send 去发送；C. send 发送；D. sending 发送。分析句
子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词 Imagine，所以 send 用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语 machines 之间是主动关系，
用现在分词形式。故选 D 项。
65．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我们越来越多的生活将被机器监控。A. recorded 记录；
B. checked 检查；C. monitored 监视；D. supervised 监督。根据前文“Imagine devices that monitor a baby’s
breathing and track children as they go to and from school. Imagine machines 　　　　　 quiet signals to nearby
computers, which will send information to your doctor, your lawyer, and the local police.”可知，我们越来越多的
生活将被机器监控。故选 C 项。
5.（23-24 高三·山东德州·阶段练习）Holland is famous for being bike friendly. Recently, the world’s first
plastic bike path has been 66 in the Dutch city of Zwolle, a 100- foot bike path made of recycled plastic.
The company that created the path, PlasticRoad, says their 67 of making roads is better in many
ways than asphalt(沥青) roads. PlasticRoad creates its roads 68 in a factory. All the pieces are the same.
Since the plastic pieces are light, they are easy to 69 . To make the road, a special truck 70 drives
along and lays down the pieces, almost like 71 bricks in a sidewalk. This makes it much 72 to make
than an asphalt road.
PlasticRoad thinks their road will 73 three times as long as an asphalt road. If part of it breaks, it is
easy to take out the broken section, and 74 it. The broken section can then be recycled 75 and turned
into a road again.
The plastic roads are hollow(中空的) below, allowing rainwater to flow away, instead of 76 the street.
The hollow area also makes it easy to 77 pipes under the road.
Many people think this is a 78 way to recycle plastic, but some are worried. One of the biggest 79
is what will happen to the bits of plastic that break off as the path is used. The company is planning another test,
hoping to find 80 .
66．A．destroyed B．decorated C．widened D．created
67．A．secret B．way C．goal D．refusal
68．A．halves B．pairs C．groups D．pieces
69．A．break B．keep C．move D．shape
70．A．clumsily B．simply C．naturally D．difficultly
71．A．putting B．finding C．picking D．making
72．A．earlier B．harder C．faster D．cheaper
73．A．save B．take C．last D．count
74．A．replace B．sell C．recycle D．examine
75．A．in private B．at times C．on time D．once more
76．A．crossing B．blocking C．flooding D．deserting
77．A．control B．run C．below D．prepare
78．A．ridiculous B．conventional C．common D．creative
79．A．concerns B．challenges C．burdens D．disasters
80．A．users B．solutions C．similarities D．volunteers
【答案】
66．D 67．B 68．D 69．C 70．B 71．A 72．C 73．C 74．A 75．D
76．C 77．B 78．D 79．A 80．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰利用回收的废塑料建成了世界上第一条塑料自行车道，
这条路与传统的沥青道路相比有很多优点，但也存在不足。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，世界上第一条塑料自行车道在荷兰城市兹沃勒建成，这是一条由回
收塑料制成的 100 英尺长的自行车道。A. destroyed 毁坏；B. decorated 装饰；C. widened 变宽；D. created 创
建。根据下文“The company that created the path”可知，世界上第一条塑料自行车道在荷兰城市兹沃勒被建成
了。故选 D 项。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：创建这条道路的 PlasticRoad 公司表示，他们的道路制作方式在很多方面都
比柏油路更好。A. secret 秘密；B. way 方式；C. goal 目标；D. refusal 拒绝。根据下文“is better in many ways
than asphalt roads”可知，这里说他们建造公路的方式。故选 B 项。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：PlasticRoad 在工厂中创建道路碎片。A. halves 一半；B. pairs 一对；C. groups
组；D. pieces 碎片。根据下文“All the pieces are the same”可知，PlasticRoad 在工厂中创建的是道路碎片。故
选 D 项。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于塑料片很轻，所以很容易移动。A. break 折断；B. keep 保持；C. move
移动；D. shape 塑造。根据上文“Since the plastic pieces are light”可知，由于塑料片很轻，所以很容易移动。
故选 C 项。
70．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了修路，一辆特殊的卡车只需行驶并放下碎片，就像在人行道上放砖一
样。A. clumsily 笨拙地；B. simply 仅仅；只；C. naturally 自然地；D. difficultly 困难的。根据下文“almost
like___6____bricks in a sidewalk”可知，修建这条路就像在人行路上放砖一样，故卡车只需要行驶并放下碎片。
故选 B 项。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了修路，一辆特殊的卡车只需行驶并放下碎片，就像在人行道上放砖一
样。A. putting 放；B. finding 发现；C. picking 捡起；D. making 制作。根据上文“lays down the pieces”可知，
这里是指就像放砖一样。故选 A 项。
72．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这使得它比修建柏油路更快。A. earlier 更早；B. harder 更难；C. faster 更快；
D. cheaper 更便宜。根据上文“almost like ___6____ bricks in a sidewalk”可知，修建这条路程序比较简单，就
像在人行道上放砖一样，故建造的速度更快。故选 C 项。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：PlasticRoad 认为他们的路的使用寿命是柏油路的三倍。A. save 节省；B. take
拿走；C. last 持续；D. count 重要。根据下文“If part of it breaks, it is easy to take out the broken section,
and___9____it. The broken section can then be recycled___10____and turned into a road again”可知，如果它的一
部分断裂，很容易将断裂的部分取出并更换。然后，断裂的部分可以再次回收，并再次变成道路，故这种
路经久耐用，持续时间长。故选 C 项。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果它的一部分断裂，很容易将断裂的部分取出并更换。A. replace 更换；
B. sell 卖；C. recycle 回收；D. examine 检查。根据上文“If part of it breaks, it is easy to take out the broken
section”可知，如果它的一部分断裂，很容易将断裂的部分取出并更换。故选 A 项。
75．考查副词短语辨析。句意：然后，断裂的部分可以再次回收，并再次变成道路。A. in private 私下地；
B. at times 不时地；C. on time 准时；D. once more 再次。根据下文“turned into a road again”可知，断裂的部
分可以被再次回收。故选 D 项。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：塑料路的下面是中空的，雨水可以流走，而不是淹没街道。A. crossing 交叉；
B. blocking 阻挡；C. flooding 淹没；D. deserting 抛弃。根据上文“The plastic roads are hollow below, allowing
rainwater to flow away”可知，塑料路的下面是中空的，雨水可以流走，故雨水不会淹没街道。故选 C 项。
77．考查动词和介词词义辨析。句意：中空区域也易于在道路下方铺设管道。A. control 控制；B. run 跑；
C. below 在……下面；D. prepare 准备。根据上文“The hollow area also makes it easy”可知，中空区域也易于
在道路下方铺设管道。故选 B 项。
78．考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：许多人认为这是一种创造性的塑料回收方式，但也有人担心。A. ridiculous
荒谬的；B. conventional 传统的；C. common 常见的；D. creative 创造性的。根据下文“but some are worried”
可知，but 表转折，故空处应是含褒义的形容词。故选 D 项。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最大的担忧之一是在使用路径时脱落的塑料碎片会发生什么。A. concerns
担忧；B. challenges 挑战；C. burdens 重担；D. disasters 灾难。根据上文“but some are worried”可知，这里是
说人们最大的担心之一。故选 A 项。
80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司正计划进行另一次测试，希望能找到解决方案。A. users 用户；B. solutions
解决方案；C. similarities 相同点；D. volunteers 志愿者。根据上文“The company is planning another test”可知，
该公司正计划进行另一次测试，应是希望能找到解决上述问题的方案。故选 B 项。
6.（23-24 高三·湖南·阶段练习）Here we will introduce you to a new kind of car—the first fully electric
vehicle that can both fly and 81 on roads. Our “Model A”, is the first flying vehicle that is 82
on public roads and able to 83 like a normal car. It also has vertical take-off and landing capabilities. It
84 will be able to carry one or two occupants in its limited space available. We expect to sell the vehicle for
300, 000 each with the first 85 projected by the end of 2025. The FAA confirmed that it has 86
our company a special airworthiness certificate (适航证 ) , allowing for limited 87 that include
exhibition, research and development.
Numerous companies are working on all-electric VTOLs, which 88 vertical take-off and landing
aircraft. However, our vehicle is 89 because of its ability to 90 both on roads and in the air.
Our flying car will be certified as a(n) “ 91 speed vehicle”, which means it won’t be able to go
faster than about 25 miles per hour on a paved road. The 92 is that, if a driver needs a faster route,
he/she will use our flight capabilities. Regardless, it also still needs 93 from the National Highway
Traffic Safe Administration to go on roads. An 94 automated test flight of a skeleton (框架) version
of the car was successfully conducted in 2018, and a full-size prototype (原型车 ) was 95 the
following year. But we still needed the FAA’s special airworthiness certificate to continue conducting the necessary
research and development.
81．A．float B．land C．travel D．rely
82．A．drivable B．adjustable C．avoidable D．approachable
83．A．change B．update C．shift D．park
84．A．similarly B．apparently C．luckily D．permanently
85．A．delivery B．movement C．investigation D．resistance
86．A．awarded B．denied C．issued D．spared
87．A．reforms B．purposes C．improvements D．researches.
88．A．consist of B．add to C．result in D．stand for
89．A．common B．efficient C．different D．abstract
90．A．function B．fight C．circle D．experiment
91．A．terrific B．low C．average D．ideal
92．A．proof B．background C．conflict D．assumption
93．A．interview B．cooperation C．donation D．approval
94．A．annual B．initial C．aimless D．environmental
95．A．flown B．bought C．recycled D．submitted
【答案】
81．C 82．A 83．D 84．B 85．A 86．C 87．B 88．D 89．C 90．A
91．B 92．D 93．D 94．B 95．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型汽车——第一辆既能飞行又能上路行驶的纯电动汽车。具体
介绍了这种纯电汽车的功能、预计售价以及成功试飞的情况。
81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这里，我们将向您介绍一种新型汽车——第一辆既能飞行又能上路行驶
的纯电动汽车。A. float 漂流；B. land 着陆；C. travel 旅行，行驶；D. rely 依靠。根据下文“on roads”可知，
这种纯电汽车能在陆地上行驶。故选 C 项。
82．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的“A 型”是第一款可以在公共道路上行驶并能像普通汽车一样停车的
飞行车辆。A. drivable 可驱动的，可驾驶的；B. adjustable 可调节的；C. avoidable 可避免的；D. approachable
平易近人的。根据下文“on public roads”可知在道路上这种汽车是可以驾驶的。故选 A 项。
83．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. change 更改；B. update 更新；C. shift 转换；D. park 停车。根据上
文“that is__3_on public roads”以及下文“like a normal car”可知，这种纯电动汽车能像正常汽车一样在道路上
行驶，也能正常停车。故选 D 项。
84．考查副词词义辨析。句意：很明显，在限的可用空间内，它可以载一两个人。A. similarly 同样地；B.
apparently 显然地；C. luckily 幸运地；D. permanently 永久地。根据下文“be able to carry one or two occupants
in its limited space available”可知，在有限的空间里只能乘坐一两个人，这是很显然的。故选 B 项。
85．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们预计这款车的售价为每辆 30 万英镑，预计到 2025 年底将首次交付。
A. delivery 递送，交付；B. movement 动作；C. investigation 调查；D. resistance 反对。根据下文“projected by
the end of 2025”可知，2025 年是这款汽车的首次交付使用。故选 A 项。
86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国联邦航空局证实，它已向我们公司颁发了特别适航证。A. awarded 授予；
B. denied 否定；C. issued 发行，颁发；D. spared 抽出。根据下文“a special airworthiness certificate (适航证)”
可知，此处指的是颁发证书。故选 C 项。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：允许用于有限的目的，包括展览、研究和开发。A. reforms 改革；B. purposes
目的；C. improvements 改进；D. researches 研究。根据下文“exhibition, research and development.”可知，此处
指的是这个证书的应用范围以及目的。故选 B 项。
88．考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多公司都在研究纯 VTOL，也就是垂直起降飞机。A. consist of 由……组
成；B. add to 增加；C. result in 导致；D. stand for 代表。根据下文“vertical take-off and landing aircraft”可知，
VTOL 是“vertical take-off and landing aircraft”的首字母缩写。故选 D 项。
89．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们的车辆不同，因为它既能在道路上工作，也能在空中工作。
A. common 普通的；B. efficient 高效的；C. different 不同的；D. abstract 抽象的。根据上文
“which ____8____ vertical take-off and landing aircraft”以及下文“because of its ability to __10_both on roads
and in the air. ”可知，这里是把 VTOL 和这种纯电汽车进行了比较，这是这种纯电汽车的不同之处。故选 C
项。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. function 运转；B. fight 战斗；C. circle 环行，转圈；D. experiment
实验。根据下文“both on roads and in the air.”可知，这种车辆有在道路上和空中运转/工作的能力。故选 A 项。
91．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们的飞行汽车将被认证为慢速车辆”，这意味着它在铺装路面上的时速
不会超过 25 英里。A. terrific 了不起的；B. low 低的；C. average 平均的；D. ideal 理想的。根据下文“which means
it won’t be able to go faster than about 25 miles per hour on a paved road.”可知，这种纯电汽车行驶速度很慢。
故选 B 项。
92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：假设如果驾驶员需要更快的路线，他或者她将使用我们的飞行能力。A. proof
证据；B. background 背景；C. conflict 冲突；D. assumption 假定。根据下文“if a driver needs a faster route, he/she
will use our flight capabilities”可知，这是一种假设。故选 D 项。
93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，它还需要国家公路交通安全管理局的许可才能上路。A. interview
面试；B. cooperation 合作；C. donation 捐赠；D. approval 批准。根据下文“from the National Highway Traffic
Safe Administration to go on roads”可知，驾驶员要开得快，还必须获得国家公路交通安全管理局的批准。故
选 D 项。
94．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2018 年，该车框架版本的首次自动试飞成功进行，第二年，一架全尺寸
原型机试飞。A. annual 每年一次的；B. initial 初始的；C. aimless 漫无目的的；D. environmental 环境的。根
据下文“automated test flight of a skeleton (框架) version of the car was successfully conducted in 2018, and a
full-size prototype (原型车) was ____15____ the following year.”可知，2018 年的框架版试飞是第一次。故选 B
项。
95．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. flown 飞；B. bought 买；C. recycled 回收；D. submitted 提交。根据
前文“An ____14____ automated test flight of a skeleton (框架) version of the car was successfully conducted in
2018,”可知，此处指的是这种纯电汽车的试飞。故选 A 项。
题型三 人与动植物类说明文的考查
7.（2024·贵州·一模）A year ago, Hialeah Gardens High School student Wendy Chai met Snowball, the
American Eskimo dog. Chai, who is 16 years old, was 96 with anxiety and depression when she was 13,
but thanks to an 97 started at her high school in Hialeah Gardens, Florida, she has relied on Snowball to
help her 98 the day.
The program, S. A．F. E. (Support Animals for Everyone), was 99 by students at her school in 2022.
It 100 certain students to bring support animals to school and also makes support animals 101 to
students and staff during school hours. The students presented their project to the Aspen Challenge in Miami. The
initiative won the third place.
S.A．F.E President Naomi Gallardo, 17, explained that 102 to animals helps students relax after
exams. “We bring different types of animals — dogs, cats, rabbits, snakes—according to our 103 and
fancies,” Naomi said. “We host annual occasions 104 at addressing mental health.”
For many, talking about mental health is 105 due to the negative stereotypes and social 106
surrounding the issue. The presence of a trained animal as emotional support 107 helps to break down that
psychological 108 .
By providing students with various support animals and 109 dialogue, S.A．F.E. continues to create
a safer and more 110 environment for all.
96．A．diagnosed B．annoyed C．walked D．helped
97．A．experiment B．opportunity C．initiative D．experience
98．A．go across B．pass by C．get along D．get through
99．A．informed B．launched C．discovered D．transformed
100．A．forbids B．allows C．facilitates D．discourages
101．A．available B．convenient C．reliable D．responsible
102．A．limitation B．opposition C．exposure D．similarity
103．A．facts B．items C．conditions D．preferences
104．A．stared B．glared C．aimed D．arrived
105．A．simple B．tough C．rough D．delicate
106．A．pride B．patience C．generosity D．prejudice
107．A．seldom B．usually C．regularly D．rarely
108．A．barrier B．access C．connection D．bridge
109．A．recording B．interesting C．encouraging D．controlling
110．A．supportive B．critical C．cooperative D．independent
【答案】
96．A 97．C 98．D 99．B 100．B 101．A 102．C 103．D 104．C
105．B 106．D 107．B 108．A 109．C 110．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为 S. A. F. E.的组织，通过为学生提供支持动物，来帮助
学生解决心理健康问题。
96．考查动词词义辨析。句意：16 岁的柴在 13 岁时被诊断出患有焦虑症和抑郁症，但多亏了她在佛罗里达
州海厄利亚花园高中时发起的一项倡议，她依靠雪球帮助她度过了每一天。A. diagnosed 诊断；B. annoyed
惹恼；C. walked 走路；D. helped 帮助。根据后文“with anxiety and depression”指她被诊断出患有焦虑症和抑
郁症，故选 A。
97．考查名词词义辨析。句意：16 岁的柴在 13 岁时被诊断出患有焦虑症和抑郁症，但多亏了她在佛罗里达
州海厄利亚花园高中时发起的一项倡议，她依靠雪球帮助她度过了每一天。A. experiment 实验；B. opportunity
机会；C. initiative 倡议；D. experience 经历。此处指后文“The program, S. A. F. E.(Support Animals for
Everyone)”提到的高中发起的一项倡议，用动物来为人提供情感支持。故选 C。
98．考查动词短语辨析。句意：16 岁的柴在 13 岁时被诊断出患有焦虑症和抑郁症，但多亏了她在佛罗里达
州海厄利亚花园高中时发起的一项倡议，她依靠雪球帮助她度过了每一天。A. go across 横穿；B. pass by 经
过；C. get along 相处；D. get through 度过。根据后文“the day”指宠物帮助她度过了每一天。故选 D。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个项目名为 S. A. F. E.(支持每个人的动物)，是她所在学校的学生在 2022
年发起的。A. informed 通知；B. launched 启动，发起；C. discovered 发现；D. transformed 转换。根据后文
“by students at her school”指项目是由学生发起的，故选 B。
100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它允许某些学生把支持动物带到学校，也使支持动物在上课时间提供给学
生和工作人员。A. forbids 禁止；B. allows 允许；C. facilitates 促进；D. discourages 使沮丧。根据后文“certain
students to bring support animals to school”项目允许某些学生把动物带到学校。故选 B。
101．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它允许某些学生把支持动物带到学校，也使支持动物在上课时间提供给
学生和工作人员。A. available 可用的；B. convenient 方便的；C. reliable 可靠的；D. responsible 负责的。根
据后文“to students and staff during school hours”此处指学生和员工可以在上课时间接触到自己的动物，make
sth available to sb 表示“使……可以使用……”。故选 A。
102．考查名词词义辨析。句意：S.A.F.E 主席、17 岁的娜奥米·加拉多解释说，与动物接触有助于学生在考
试后放松。A. limitation 限制；B. opposition 反对；C. exposure 暴露；D. similarity 相似性。根据后文“to animals
helps students relax after exams”指接触动物有助于考试后放松。故选 C。
103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：娜奥米说：“根据我们的喜好，我们会带来不同种类的动物——狗、猫、
兔子、蛇。”A. facts 事实；B. items 物品；C. conditions 条件；D. preferences 偏爱，喜好。根据上文“different
types of animals — dogs, cats, rabbits, snakes—according to our”可知动物的种类是根据喜好来安排的。故选 D。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们每年都会举办旨在解决心理健康问题的活动。A. stared 凝视；B. glared
怒视；C. aimed 目的；D. arrived 到达。根据后文“addressing mental health”可知，这些活动的目的旨在解决
心理健康问题。故选 C。
105．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，谈论心理健康是很困难的，因为围绕这个问题的负面刻
板印象和社会偏见。A. simple 简单的；B. tough 艰难的；C. rough 粗糙的；D. delicate 脆弱的。根据后文“due
to the negative stereotypes”可知，因为负面刻板印象，谈论心理健康是很困难的，故选 B。
106．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，谈论心理健康是很困难的，因为围绕这个问题的负面刻板
印象和社会偏见。A. pride 骄傲；B. patience 耐心；C. generosity 慷慨；D. prejudice 偏见。根据上文“due to the
negative stereotypes and social”此处指针对心机健康问题的负面评价，包括负面刻板印象和社会偏见。故选
D。
107．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一只受过训练的动物作为情感支持的存在通常有助于打破这种心理障碍。
A. seldom 几乎不；B. usually 通常；C. regularly 定期地；D. rarely 很少。根据后文“helps to break down”以及
常识，动物通常有助于打破情感障碍，容易和人亲近。故选 B。
108．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一只受过训练的动物作为情感支持的存在通常有助于打破这种心理障碍。
A. barrier 障碍；B. access 接近；C. connection 连接；D. bridge 桥梁。根据上文“helps to break down that
psychological”动物有助于打破心理障碍，给予情感支持。故选 A。
109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过为学生提供各种各样的支持动物和鼓励对话，S.A.F.E.继续为所有人
创造一个更安全、更支持性的环境。A. recording 记录；B. interesting 使感兴趣；C. encouraging 鼓励；D.
controlling 控制。根据上文“By providing students with various support animals and”可知，这个组织主要是为了
给学生提供支持动物和鼓励对话，来促进心机健康的。故选 C。
110．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过为学生提供各种各样的支持动物和鼓励对话，S.A.F.E.继续为所有
人创造一个更安全、更支持性的环境。A. supportive 支持的；B. critical 重要的；C. cooperative 合作的；D.
independent 独立的。根据上文“with various support animals”可知，提供支持动物也是为了创造更安全、更支
持性的环境。故选 A。
8（. 23-24高三·河南·阶段练习）Owning chickens may be nothing special for you, but in the life of a chicken,
we catch a glimpse (一瞥) of an important truth.
You see, when a hen lays her egg, she labors to make sure the 111 are just right to promote life for
that little chick. She must lay it in a 112 spot. She also must apply heat to the egg for it to 113 .
In the life of this baby chick though, there comes a point that is necessary but that is often 114 . As
the egg begins to crack and slowly break 115 , what you will not see is the mother hen 116 the
chick to get the shell off. No matter how hard the chick 117 , pushes and strains (拉紧) itself, the mother
hen will not do the 118 for it.
At this point, someone can see the 119 of this chick and think the mother does not 120 her
young. This person can then seek to help the chick and 121 the pieces of the shell. However, if such a
thing really happens, often this person 122 does not save the chick’s life but rather 123 its
death.
This 124 stage is essential for the chick. It will produce within the chick the 125 that
will allow it to live and thrive (茁壮成长).
111．A．actions B．experiences C．conditions D．chances
112．A．safe B．remote C．shady D．new
113．A．hatch B．live C．move D．continue
114．A．evaluated B．checked C．made D．overlooked
115．A．up B．open C．free D．away
116．A．urging B．preferring C．assisting D．encouraging
117．A．rolls B．knocks C．jumps D．shakes
118．A．work B．harm C．exercise D．same
119．A．depression B．confusion C．growth D．struggle
120．A．take in B．care about C．play with D．bring up
121．A．collect B．remove C．throw D．spread
122．A．carelessly B．impatiently C．unknowingly D．purposely
123．A．slows B．causes C．faces D．prevents
124．A．beginning B．developing C．resting D．falling
125．A．nutrition B．health C．luck D．strength
【答案】
111．C 112．A 113．A 114．D 115．B 116．C 117．D 118．A 119．D
120．B 121．B 122．C 123．B 124．A 125．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在小鸡的孵化和成长中，破壳的阶段至关重要但经常被人们忽视，小鸡需要通
过自己的努力破壳，这个过程会在雏鸡体内产生力量，使它能够生存和茁壮成长，如果有人因为想要帮助
小鸡而擅自去除了蛋壳，这会导致雏鸡的死亡。文章对此进行了介绍。
111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你看，当母鸡下蛋时，她会努力确保条件合适，以促进小鸡的存活率。A.
actions 行动；B. experiences 经历；C. conditions 条件；D. chances 机会。根据“are just right to promote life for
that little chick”可知，此处是指确保条件合适。故选 C。
112．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她必须把它下在一个安全的地方。A. safe 安全的；B. remote 遥远的；
C. shady 阴凉的；D. new 新的。根据“are just right to promote life for that little chick”可知，此处是指必须把蛋
下在安全的地方。故选 A。
113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还必须给蛋加热才能孵化。A. hatch 孵化；B. live 居住；C. move 移动；
D. continue 继续。根据“apply heat to the egg”可知，此处是指孵蛋。故选 A。
114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这只小鸡的生活中，有一点是必要的，但却经常被忽视。A. evaluated 评
估；B. checked 检查；C. made 制作；D. overlooked 忽视。根据后文“there comes a point that is necessary but”
可知，此处是指必要但经常被忽视。故选 D。
115．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当鸡蛋开始破裂并慢慢破开时，你不会看到母鸡帮助小鸡剥壳。A. up
在高处；B. open 打开的；C. free 免费的；D. away（球队比赛）客场的。根据“As the egg begins to crack and slowly
break”可知，此处是指当鸡蛋开始破裂并慢慢破开时。故选 B。
116．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当鸡蛋开始破裂并慢慢破开时，你不会看到母鸡帮助小鸡剥壳。A. urging
敦促；B. preferring 偏爱；C. assisting 帮助；D. encouraging 鼓励。根据后文“This person can then seek to help
the chick(然后这个人可能会想要帮助小鸡)”可知，此处是指不会看到母鸡帮助小鸡剥壳。故选 C。
117．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论小鸡怎样使劲地摇晃、推、拉，母鸡都不会替它做。A. rolls 翻滚；B.
knocks 敲击；C. jumps 跳；D. shakes 摇晃。根据“pushes and strains (拉紧) itself”可知，此处是指摇晃。故选
D。
118．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：无论小鸡怎样使劲地摇晃、推、拉，母鸡都不会替它做。A. work
工作；B. harm 伤害；C. exercise 锻炼；D. same 相同的。根据前文“what you will not see is the mother hen assisting
the chick to get the shell off”可知，此处是指母鸡不会帮小鸡做破壳这项工作。故选 A。
119．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时，有人可能会看到这只小鸡的挣扎，认为妈妈不关心她的孩子。A.
depression 抑郁；B. confusion 困惑；C. growth 成长；D. struggle 挣扎。根据前文“No matter how hard the chick
shakes, pushes and strains (拉紧) itself”可知，此处是指看到这只小鸡的挣扎。故选 D。
120．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这时，有人可能会看到这只小鸡的挣扎，认为妈妈不关心她的孩子。A. take
in 吸收；B. care about 关心；C. play with 摆弄；D. bring up 抚养。根据前文“No matter how hard the chick shakes,
pushes and strains (拉紧) itself, the mother hen will not do the work for it.”可知，此处是指认为妈妈不关心她的
孩子。故选 B。
121．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后这个人可能会帮助小鸡，把蛋壳的碎片弄掉。A. collect 收集；B. remove
去除；C. throw 扔掉；D. spread 传播。根据“This person can then seek to help the chick”可知，此处是指帮小鸡
弄掉蛋壳。故选 B。
122．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果这样的事情真的发生了，这个人往往在不知不觉中没有救小鸡
的命，而是导致了它的死亡。A. carelessly 粗心地；B. impatiently 不耐烦地；C. unknowingly 不知不觉地；
D. purposely 故意地。根据“This person can then seek to help the chick”可知，此处是指这个人在不知道的情况
下导致了小鸡的死亡。故选 C。
123．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果这样的事情真的发生了，这个人往往在不知不觉中没有救小鸡
的命，而是导致了它的死亡。A. slows 放缓；B. causes 导致；C. faces 面对；D. prevents 阻止。根据“does not
save the chick’s life but rather”可知，此处是指导致了小鸡的死亡。故选 B。
124．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个开始阶段对小鸡来说至关重要。A. beginning 开始的；B. developing
发展中的；C. resting 静止的；D. falling 下降的。根据前文“As the egg begins to crack”可知，此处是指开始阶
段。故选 A。
125．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它会在雏鸡体内产生力量，使它能够生存和茁壮成长。A. nutrition 营养；
B. health 健康；C. luck 好运；D. strength 力量。根据前文“No matter how hard the chick shakes, pushes and strains
(拉紧) itself”可知，此处是指这个过程会在雏鸡体内产生力量。故选 D。
9.（23-24 高三·上海·期中）In Mumbai, there’s the ceaseless clamor of car homes as drivers edge through
traffic. There’s pounding and buzzing from the construction of office towers and apartment blocks. Drumbeats and
trumpet melodies spill out from weddings and countless festivals. And it’s all topped off by bellowing (大声吼叫
的 ) street vendors and garbage trucks blasting Bollywood songs. Living in Mumbai requires a huge 126
for noise.
When Sumaira Abdulali began campaigning against noise pollution in India’s financial capital two decades
ago, friends, acquaintances and even her lawyers insisted it was 127 . “People told me it’s foolish to even
try, because Indians love noise,” she says. “We’re a noisy country.”
But in 2003, Abdulali won a lawsuit seeking to 128 environmental rules that had allowed loud
music late into the night during a festival. 129 , the victory led to a ban on loudspeakers within 100 meters
of schools, hospitals, courts and places of worship. And she has since won more than a dozen other actions both on
her own and via the Awaaz Foundation (awaaz means “noise” in Hindi), which she launched in 2006.
The World Health Organization warns that noise is a top threat to human 130 , affecting not only
hearing but also sleep, brain development and cardiovascular health. Abdulali claims Mumbai is the world’s
131 city. A study led by Ritesh Vijay, an expert from India’s National Environmental Engineering Research
Institute, did find that noise levels in Mumbai and surrounding areas in 2020 dramatically exceed legal limits.
In recent years, the battle against noise has become increasingly 132 , with Abdulali often facing
powerful interests who consider it an inevitable byproduct of growth. With increasing 133 , ever more
people are exposed to continuous noise. In a rapidly expanding city such as Mumbai, with a population topping 12
million, demand for housing puts noise rules 134 development plans. Although sound barriers are required
for construction projects, they’re expensive, so developers 135 installing them.
Traffic is a tougher problem. Noise on the road can reach 110 decibels (分贝) — a level that can lead to
permanent hearing damage after just 15 minutes of exposure, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Luckily, 136 can help in the fight, Vijay says. He suggests devices that measure horn use,
which would let officials offer 137 drivers rewards like deductions (扣除 ) on car insurance. Dynamic
signaling, where sensors linked to stoplights detect traffic density, would improve vehicle flow and 138 the
urge to resort to horns, he says. Local government also 139 . Mumbai decreed (颁布 ) India’s first
“No-Honking” day in 2008, with police handing out booklets to raise awareness about traffic noise and imposing
fines up to 1,000 rupees ($12) on offending motorists.
Far more important is the longer-term impact of the day-to-day noise, so that’s where Vijay believes activists
should focus their energy. “In India we celebrate festivals with lots of noise,” he says. “But our 140 noise
itself is beyond the allowed limit.”
126．A．talent B．potential C．demand D．tolerance
127．A．encouraging B．reasonable C．ridiculous D．depressing
128．A．take advantage of B．put an end to C．lay emphasis on D．throw light on
129．A．Therefore B．Similarly C．Subsequently D．However
130．A．well-being B．intelligence C．interaction D．behavior
131．A．largest B．busiest C．loudest D．richest
132．A．difficult B．successful C．diverse D．easy
133．A．availability B．capitalization C．urbanization D．convenience
134．A．in pace with B．in contact with C．in league with D．in conflict with
135．A．recommend B．justify C．resist D．advocate
136．A．government B．technology C．finance D．psychology
137．A．quiet B．brave C．safe D．alert
138．A．trigger B．satisfy C．reduce D．maintain
139．A．steps in B．takes over C．cuts in D．takes off
140．A．traffic B．construction C．ceremony D．background
【答案】
126．D 127．C 128．B 129．C 130．A 131．C 132．A 133．C 134．D
135．C 136．B 137．A 138．C 139．A 140．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孟买的噪音非常大，人们开始采取措施减少噪音污染。
126．考查名词词义辨析。句意：住在孟买需要对噪音有极大的容忍度。A. talent 天赋；B. potential 潜力；
C. demand 需求；D. tolerance 容忍。根据上文“In Mumbai, there’s the ceaseless clamor of car homes as drivers
edge through traffic. There’s pounding and buzzing from the construction of office towers and apartment blocks.
Drumbeats and trumpet melodies spill out from weddings and countless festivals. And it’s all topped off by
bellowing street vendors and garbage trucks blasting Bollywood songs.”可知，孟买的噪音很多，所以住在孟买
需要对噪音有极大的容忍度。故选 D。
127．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：20 年前，当 Sumaira Abdulali 开始在印度金融首都开展反对噪音污染的
运动时，朋友、熟人甚至她的律师都坚称这很愚蠢。A. encouraging 令人鼓舞的；B. reasonable 合理的；C.
ridiculous 愚蠢的；D. depressing 令人沮丧的。根据下文“People told me it’s foolish to even try, because Indians
love noise,”可知，此处表示 Abdulali 的朋友、熟人甚至律师都认为 Abdulali 反对噪音污染的运动是愚蠢的。
故选 C。
128．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但在 2003 年，Abdulali 赢得了一场诉讼，该诉讼旨在结束允许音乐节期间
大声播放到深夜的环境规定。A. take advantage of 利用；B. put an end to 结束；C. lay emphasis on 强调；D. throw
light on 阐明。根据上文“When Sumaira Abdulali began campaigning against noise pollution in India’s financial
capital two decades ago,”以及下文“environmental rules that had allowed loud music late into the night during a
festival.”可知，Abdulali 反对噪音污染，所以这场诉讼是为了结束允许音乐节期间大声播放到深夜的环境规
定。故选 B。
129．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随后，她凭借自己和 2006 年成立的 Awaaz 基金会（Awaaz 在印地语中的
意思是“噪音”）赢得了十几项其他行动。A. Therefore 因此；B. Similarly 类似地；C. Subsequently 随后；D.
However 然而。根据上文“But in 2003, Abdulali won a lawsuit seeking to ___3___ environmental rules that had
allowed loud music late into the night during a festival.”以及下文“the victory led to a ban on loudspeakers within
100 meters of schools, hospitals, courts and places of worship.”可知，Abdulali 赢得了一场诉讼，随后又赢得了
十几项其他运动。故选 C。
130．考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界卫生组织警告说，噪音是对人类健康的最大威胁，不仅影响听力，还
影响睡眠、大脑发育和心血管健康。A. well-being健康；B. intelligence智力；C. interaction相互作用；D. behavior
行为。根据下文“affecting not only hearing but also sleep, brain development and cardiovascular health.”可知，此
处表示噪音是人类健康的最大威胁。故选 A。
131．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Abdulali 声称孟买是世界上声音最大的城市。A. largest 最大的；B. busiest
最繁忙的；C. loudest 最大声的；D. richest 最富有的。根据下文“A study led by Ritesh Vijay, an expert from
India’s National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, did find that noise levels in Mumbai and
surrounding areas in 2020 dramatically exceed legal limits.”可知，孟买及周边地区的噪音水平大大超过了法律
限制，所以此处表示 Abdulali 称孟买是世界上声音最大的城市。故选 C。
132．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：近年来，与噪音的斗争变得越来越困难，Abdulali 经常面临强大的利益
集团，他们认为噪音是经济发展的必然副产品。A. difficult 困难的；B. successful 成功的；C. diverse 多样的；
D. easy 容易的。根据下文“with Abdulali often facing powerful interests who consider it an inevitable byproduct of
growth.”可知，强大的利益集团认为噪音是经济发展的必然副产品，所以与噪音的斗争会变得越来越困难。
故选 A。
133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着城市化程度的提高，越来越多的人暴露在持续的噪音中。A. availability
可利用性；B. capitalization 资本化；C. urbanization 城市化；D. convenience 方便。根据下文“In a rapidly
expanding city such as Mumbai, with a population topping 12 million, demand for housing puts noise
rules ___9___ development plans.”可知，此处表示城市化的程度的提高。故选 C。
134．考查介词短语辨析。句意：在孟买这样一个人口超过 1200 万的快速扩张城市，对住房的需求使噪音
规定与发展计划相冲突。A. in pace with 与……步调一致；B. in contact with 与……保持联系；C. in league with
与……勾结；D. in conflict with 与……冲突。根据上文“In a rapidly expanding city such as Mumbai, with a
population topping 12 million, demand for housing puts noise rules”以及语境可知，对住房的需求使得噪音的规
定和发展计划冲突。故选 D。
135．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管建筑项目需要隔音屏障，但它们价格昂贵，因此开发商拒绝安装。A.
recommend 推荐；B. justify 证明……是正当的；C. resist 抵制；D. advocate 提倡。根据上第 13 讲 完形填空（说明文）
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】社会现象与社会问题类说明文的考查
【题型二】科普知识与科学技术类说明文的考查
【题型三】人与动植物类说明文的考查
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 社会现象与社会问题类说明文的考查
1.（2024·广东广州·三模）What’s the point of studying It’s something you might ask yourself if you’re
1 to finish an assignment, 2 if your friends seem to be out having fun, or are 3 and earning
lots of money.
Many of us choose to go to university as a first step towards a good 4 , but sometimes graduates are
educated beyond what is necessary for a job. Even so, according to a research conducted by an organization, a
5 will, in the long run, earn you more. What’s more, there are 6 in your earning potential. A researcher
says that graduates of the 24 Russell Group universities earn about 40% more than those who studied at other
universities after five years.
7 , it found it’s not just the location but other factors that can 8 what you can earn. For
example, graduates in subjects such as law and medicine 9 to do well. And as they progress, the pay gap
between these careers and others, such as the creative arts, 10 . Also, a student’s 11
background can have an effect, with those from households highly valuing education much more likely to go to
university, and mostly likely a 12 one.
But if you still don’t feel university delivers the best work opportunities, there are 13 words from
Alistair Jarvis, head of Universities UK, who says that graduates are half as likely to be 14 as
non-graduates. So maybe all that studying is 15 — after all “no pains, no gains”!
1．A．planning B．struggling C．trying D．hoping
2．A．actually B．usually C．especially D．generally
3．A．working B．studying C．wandering D．living
4．A．education B．life C．marriage D．career
5．A．degree B．major C．skill D．patent
6．A．changes B．difficulties C．improvements D．differences
7．A．Then B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Instead
8．A．involve in B．contribute to C．consist of D．result from
9．A．happen B．tend C．long D．manage
10．A．exists B．disappears C．widens D．varies
11．A．religious B．historical C．educational D．social
12．A．big B．good C．popular D．public
13．A．encouraging B．amazing C．sincere D．scientific
14．A．disrespected B．distrusted C．unemployed D．unpaid
15．A．reliable B．favorable C．interesting D．rewarding
2.（2024·陕西安康·三模）Short bursts of exercise can make you fit in the long term. To prove this, Gillen’s
team randomly assigned participants to three 16 . One rode an exercise bike at a moderate (中等的) level
of 17 for 45 minutes, three times per week. A second group did three times 18 the 10-minute
high-intensity workouts. A third group 19 a control and did nothing.
After 12 weeks, both exercise groups had 20 their insulin (胰岛素) resistance and also increased
their 21 (as measured by their capacity to use oxygen during exercise) by about 19 percent. The gains
were 22 between the groups, even though the group doing 23 workouts with high intensity
intervals had spent only about 22 percent as much 24 as the group doing traditional longer workouts.
But people in the second group do find these 25 interval exercise programs enjoyable enough to
26 .
Turning to shorter workouts is not just a way to 27 time. It can also help you continue to make
fitness 28 even when life gets in the 29 .
“Let’s say you have exams coming up or your job is 30 and you only have a couple of hours
perweek to exercise,” Androulakis-Korakakis says, “ 31 feeling like your strength and muscle will
32 , turning to a minimum-amount 33 can still help you continue 34 your body.”
“It’s hard to 35 that you don’t have 10 or 15 minutes that you can find. That’s just not checking
your email one more time or getting off social media,” de Lannoy says.
16．A．classes B．areas C．groups D．steps
17．A．achievement B．ability C．speed D．strength
18．A．weekly B．monthly C．daily D．yearly
19．A．related to B．served as C．applied for D．dealt with
20．A．prevented B．declined C．improved D．contained
21．A．judgment B．curiosity C．pleasure D．fitness
22．A．various B．similar C．contrary D．delicate
23．A．short B．familiar C．extreme D．gentle
24．A．camping B．counting C．calculating D．exercising
25．A．hard B．special C．fair D．free
26．A．advocate B．compare C．spread D．continue
27．A．exchange B．kill C．save D．steal
28．A．discoveries B．requirements C．choices D．gains
29．A．direction B．way C．sense D．distance
30．A．demanding B．rewarding C．comforting D．striking
31．A．Due to B．Instead of C．Apart from D．As for
32．A．disappear B．survive C．suffer D．form
33．A．response B．approach C．limitation D．grade
34．A．building B．checking C．recovering D．observing
35．A．predict B．inform C．confirm D．argue
3.（2024·云南昆明·模拟预测）Generally, most people feel delighted when birthday comes, especially
children. They count the days and can’t wait to send 36 to their friends, in hope of getting together and
enjoying a birthday cake. 37 , not everyone is excited about birthday. There are many people out there
who never 38 to celebrate it. They find the day as 39 as any other day. Nothing in their
routine changes in the name of 40 .
This may be common in those who are in their 50’s or older. For some people in this age, life becomes a
41 that is going on and on and at a 42 pace. They feel like losing control of their time and every
passing year 43 the fear of dying soon. This is not good as it stimulates negativity. But some people do
so and they can’t 44 it. Their birthday is nothing more than 45 news for them.
Some people do not like to come to the notice of others due to any possible reason on this earth. They just
don’t want to be the 46 of others. You may feel surprised about this nature but they like to remain as part
of the crowd. Birthdays are 47 to this feeling as they bring sudden 48 to people.
There is also another part of the population that thinks it is a 49 of money. Their logic is, why
lose the hard-earned 50 for the pleasure of three to four hours
36．A．blessings B．greetings C．invitation D．gratitude
37．A．Anyway B．Besides C．Therefore D．Nevertheless
38．A．long B．refuse C．remember D．manage
39．A．normal B．active C．exciting D．busy
40．A．leisure B．celebration C．sympathy D．admiration
41．A．reality B．dream C．story D．journey
42．A．consistent B．slower C．faster D．steadier
43．A．cuts up B．builds up C．takes up D．breaks up
44．A．help B．get C．make D．put
45．A．wonderful B．awful C．unexpected D．rare
46．A．pride B．example C．focus D．burden
47．A．familiar B．fundamental C．similar D．contrary
48．A．shelter B．attention C．sign D．appearance
49．A．budget B．collection C．waste D．lack
50．A．reputation B．rest C．time D．salary
题型二 科普知识与科学技术类说明文的考查
4.（23-24 高三·浙江嘉兴·模拟预测）The Poseidon Effect
Late one autumn day at the local swimming pool in Ancenis, France, an 18-year-old named Jean LeRoy
came for his regular evening swim in the 25-metre pool.
When people are drowning, they don’t usually shout and 51 in the way it happens on
television. Most people drown quite 52 , with the person quickly sinking beneath the water. On the
evening, LeRoy was testing how far he could swim underwater 53 one breath. At some moment, as he
was doing this, he became unconscious. 54 he tried he couldn’t breathe. He sank to the bottom of the
pool. LeRoy was drowning.
Luckily for him, the swimming pool was 55 with an electronic surveillance system called
Poseidon. Although the human lifeguards had not noticed, 12 large machine eyes deep underwater were watching
the whole thing. Poseidon has underwater cameras which 56 people as they swim. The cameras are
connected to a computer. It is 57 to recognize 58 a swimmer is not moving normally.
The lifeguards at the Ancenis pool were wearing a special device that 59 when the computer detected
a possible problem. Sixteen seconds after Poseidon noticed LeRoy’s body, the lifeguards had pulled him out of the
pool. He started breathing again. After one night in hospital, he was sent home completely 60 .
Poseidon had saved his life.
Machines like Poseidon completely change how we live. Think of your life before the answering machine
was invented. Think of your grandparents’ lives before the television and the airplane were introduced. The change
will be just as great. It is 61 happening.
Soon, machines will recognize our faces and our fingerprints. They will 62 for drowning
people, for 63 carrying bombs, for speeding drivers and heart patients. Imagine devices that monitor a
baby’s breathing and track children as they go to and from school. Imagine machines 64 quiet signals
to nearby computers, which will send information to your doctor, your lawyer, and the local police. As time passes,
more and more of our lives will be 65 by machines. They will know all about us.
51．A．splash B．cry C．yell D．scream
52．A．soon B．quietly C．silently D．simply
53．A．in B．within C．over D．on
54．A．No matter how B．However C．Whoever D．Whatever
55．A．established B．installed C．set D．equipped
56．A．show B．film C．propagate D．outline
57．A．postulated B．made C．programmed D．relayed
58．A．whether B．when C．while D．if
59．A．alarmed B．beeped C．warned D．alerted
60．A．healthy B．normal C．safe D．well
61．A．always B．merely C．readily D．already
62．A．watch out B．take care C．look back D．go over
63．A．terrorists B．invalids C．senators D．tyrants
64．A．will send B．to send C．send D．sending
65．A．recorded B．checked C．monitored D．supervised
5.（23-24 高三·山东德州·阶段练习）Holland is famous for being bike friendly. Recently, the world’s first
plastic bike path has been 66 in the Dutch city of Zwolle, a 100- foot bike path made of recycled plastic.
The company that created the path, PlasticRoad, says their 67 of making roads is better in many
ways than asphalt(沥青) roads. PlasticRoad creates its roads 68 in a factory. All the pieces are the same.
Since the plastic pieces are light, they are easy to 69 . To make the road, a special truck 70 drives
along and lays down the pieces, almost like 71 bricks in a sidewalk. This makes it much 72 to make
than an asphalt road.
PlasticRoad thinks their road will 73 three times as long as an asphalt road. If part of it breaks, it is
easy to take out the broken section, and 74 it. The broken section can then be recycled 75 and turned
into a road again.
The plastic roads are hollow(中空的) below, allowing rainwater to flow away, instead of 76 the street.
The hollow area also makes it easy to 77 pipes under the road.
Many people think this is a 78 way to recycle plastic, but some are worried. One of the biggest 79
is what will happen to the bits of plastic that break off as the path is used. The company is planning another test,
hoping to find 80 .
66．A．destroyed B．decorated C．widened D．created
67．A．secret B．way C．goal D．refusal
68．A．halves B．pairs C．groups D．pieces
69．A．break B．keep C．move D．shape
70．A．clumsily B．simply C．naturally D．difficultly
71．A．putting B．finding C．picking D．making
72．A．earlier B．harder C．faster D．cheaper
73．A．save B．take C．last D．count
74．A．replace B．sell C．recycle D．examine
75．A．in private B．at times C．on time D．once more
76．A．crossing B．blocking C．flooding D．deserting
77．A．control B．run C．below D．prepare
78．A．ridiculous B．conventional C．common D．creative
79．A．concerns B．challenges C．burdens D．disasters
80．A．users B．solutions C．similarities D．volunteers
6.（23-24 高三·湖南·阶段练习）Here we will introduce you to a new kind of car—the first fully electric
vehicle that can both fly and 81 on roads. Our “Model A”, is the first flying vehicle that is 82
on public roads and able to 83 like a normal car. It also has vertical take-off and landing capabilities. It
84 will be able to carry one or two occupants in its limited space available. We expect to sell the vehicle for
300, 000 each with the first 85 projected by the end of 2025. The FAA confirmed that it has 86
our company a special airworthiness certificate (适航证 ) , allowing for limited 87 that include
exhibition, research and development.
Numerous companies are working on all-electric VTOLs, which 88 vertical take-off and landing
aircraft. However, our vehicle is 89 because of its ability to 90 both on roads and in the air.
Our flying car will be certified as a(n) “ 91 speed vehicle”, which means it won’t be able to go
faster than about 25 miles per hour on a paved road. The 92 is that, if a driver needs a faster route,
he/she will use our flight capabilities. Regardless, it also still needs 93 from the National Highway
Traffic Safe Administration to go on roads. An 94 automated test flight of a skeleton (框架) version
of the car was successfully conducted in 2018, and a full-size prototype (原型车 ) was 95 the
following year. But we still needed the FAA’s special airworthiness certificate to continue conducting the necessary
research and development.
81．A．float B．land C．travel D．rely
82．A．drivable B．adjustable C．avoidable D．approachable
83．A．change B．update C．shift D．park
84．A．similarly B．apparently C．luckily D．permanently
85．A．delivery B．movement C．investigation D．resistance
86．A．awarded B．denied C．issued D．spared
87．A．reforms B．purposes C．improvements D．researches.
88．A．consist of B．add to C．result in D．stand for
89．A．common B．efficient C．different D．abstract
90．A．function B．fight C．circle D．experiment
91．A．terrific B．low C．average D．ideal
92．A．proof B．background C．conflict D．assumption
93．A．interview B．cooperation C．donation D．approval
94．A．annual B．initial C．aimless D．environmental
95．A．flown B．bought C．recycled D．submitted
题型三 人与动植物类说明文的考查
7.（2024·贵州·一模）A year ago, Hialeah Gardens High School student Wendy Chai met Snowball, the
American Eskimo dog. Chai, who is 16 years old, was 96 with anxiety and depression when she was 13,
but thanks to an 97 started at her high school in Hialeah Gardens, Florida, she has relied on Snowball to
help her 98 the day.
The program, S. A．F. E. (Support Animals for Everyone), was 99 by students at her school in 2022.
It 100 certain students to bring support animals to school and also makes support animals 101 to
students and staff during school hours. The students presented their project to the Aspen Challenge in Miami. The
initiative won the third place.
S.A．F.E President Naomi Gallardo, 17, explained that 102 to animals helps students relax after
exams. “We bring different types of animals — dogs, cats, rabbits, snakes—according to our 103 and
fancies,” Naomi said. “We host annual occasions 104 at addressing mental health.”
For many, talking about mental health is 105 due to the negative stereotypes and social 106
surrounding the issue. The presence of a trained animal as emotional support 107 helps to break down that
psychological 108 .
By providing students with various support animals and 109 dialogue, S.A．F.E. continues to create
a safer and more 110 environment for all.
96．A．diagnosed B．annoyed C．walked D．helped
97．A．experiment B．opportunity C．initiative D．experience
98．A．go across B．pass by C．get along D．get through
99．A．informed B．launched C．discovered D．transformed
100．A．forbids B．allows C．facilitates D．discourages
101．A．available B．convenient C．reliable D．responsible
102．A．limitation B．opposition C．exposure D．similarity
103．A．facts B．items C．conditions D．preferences
104．A．stared B．glared C．aimed D．arrived
105．A．simple B．tough C．rough D．delicate
106．A．pride B．patience C．generosity D．prejudice
107．A．seldom B．usually C．regularly D．rarely
108．A．barrier B．access C．connection D．bridge
109．A．recording B．interesting C．encouraging D．controlling
110．A．supportive B．critical C．cooperative D．independent
8（. 23-24高三·河南·阶段练习）Owning chickens may be nothing special for you, but in the life of a chicken,
we catch a glimpse (一瞥) of an important truth.
You see, when a hen lays her egg, she labors to make sure the 111 are just right to promote life for
that little chick. She must lay it in a 112 spot. She also must apply heat to the egg for it to 113 .
In the life of this baby chick though, there comes a point that is necessary but that is often 114 . As
the egg begins to crack and slowly break 115 , what you will not see is the mother hen 116 the
chick to get the shell off. No matter how hard the chick 117 , pushes and strains (拉紧) itself, the mother
hen will not do the 118 for it.
At this point, someone can see the 119 of this chick and think the mother does not 120 her
young. This person can then seek to help the chick and 121 the pieces of the shell. However, if such a
thing really happens, often this person 122 does not save the chick’s life but rather 123 its
death.
This 124 stage is essential for the chick. It will produce within the chick the 125 that
will allow it to live and thrive (茁壮成长).
111．A．actions B．experiences C．conditions D．chances
112．A．safe B．remote C．shady D．new
113．A．hatch B．live C．move D．continue
114．A．evaluated B．checked C．made D．overlooked
115．A．up B．open C．free D．away
116．A．urging B．preferring C．assisting D．encouraging
117．A．rolls B．knocks C．jumps D．shakes
118．A．work B．harm C．exercise D．same
119．A．depression B．confusion C．growth D．struggle
120．A．take in B．care about C．play with D．bring up
121．A．collect B．remove C．throw D．spread
122．A．carelessly B．impatiently C．unknowingly D．purposely
123．A．slows B．causes C．faces D．prevents
124．A．beginning B．developing C．resting D．falling
125．A．nutrition B．health C．luck D．strength
9.（23-24 高三·上海·期中）In Mumbai, there’s the ceaseless clamor of car homes as drivers edge through
traffic. There’s pounding and buzzing from the construction of office towers and apartment blocks. Drumbeats and
trumpet melodies spill out from weddings and countless festivals. And it’s all topped off by bellowing (大声吼叫
的 ) street vendors and garbage trucks blasting Bollywood songs. Living in Mumbai requires a huge 126
for noise.
When Sumaira Abdulali began campaigning against noise pollution in India’s financial capital two decades
ago, friends, acquaintances and even her lawyers insisted it was 127 . “People told me it’s foolish to even
try, because Indians love noise,” she says. “We’re a noisy country.”
But in 2003, Abdulali won a lawsuit seeking to 128 environmental rules that had allowed loud
music late into the night during a festival. 129 , the victory led to a ban on loudspeakers within 100 meters
of schools, hospitals, courts and places of worship. And she has since won more than a dozen other actions both on
her own and via the Awaaz Foundation (awaaz means “noise” in Hindi), which she launched in 2006.
The World Health Organization warns that noise is a top threat to human 130 , affecting not only
hearing but also sleep, brain development and cardiovascular health. Abdulali claims Mumbai is the world’s
131 city. A study led by Ritesh Vijay, an expert from India’s National Environmental Engineering Research
Institute, did find that noise levels in Mumbai and surrounding areas in 2020 dramatically exceed legal limits.
In recent years, the battle against noise has become increasingly 132 , with Abdulali often facing
powerful interests who consider it an inevitable byproduct of growth. With increasing 133 , ever more
people are exposed to continuous noise. In a rapidly expanding city such as Mumbai, with a population topping 12
million, demand for housing puts noise rules 134 development plans. Although sound barriers are required
for construction projects, they’re expensive, so developers 135 installing them.
Traffic is a tougher problem. Noise on the road can reach 110 decibels (分贝) — a level that can lead to
permanent hearing damage after just 15 minutes of exposure, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Luckily, 136 can help in the fight, Vijay says. He suggests devices that measure horn use,
which would let officials offer 137 drivers rewards like deductions (扣除 ) on car insurance. Dynamic
signaling, where sensors linked to stoplights detect traffic density, would improve vehicle flow and 138 the
urge to resort to horns, he says. Local government also 139 . Mumbai decreed (颁布 ) India’s first
“No-Honking” day in 2008, with police handing out booklets to raise awareness about traffic noise and imposing
fines up to 1,000 rupees ($12) on offending motorists.
Far more important is the longer-term impact of the day-to-day noise, so that’s where Vijay believes activists
should focus their energy. “In India we celebrate festivals with lots of noise,” he says. “But our 140 noise
itself is beyond the allowed limit.”
126．A．talent B．potential C．demand D．tolerance
127．A．encouraging B．reasonable C．ridiculous D．depressing
128．A．take advantage of B．put an end to C．lay emphasis on D．throw light on
129．A．Therefore B．Similarly C．Subsequently D．However
130．A．well-being B．intelligence C．interaction D．behavior
131．A．largest B．busiest C．loudest D．richest
132．A．difficult B．successful C．diverse D．easy
133．A．availability B．capitalization C．urbanization D．convenience
134．A．in pace with B．in contact with C．in league with D．in conflict with
135．A．recommend B．justify C．resist D．advocate
136．A．government B．technology C．finance D．psychology
137．A．quiet B．brave C．safe D．alert
138．A．trigger B．satisfy C．reduce D．maintain
139．A．steps in B．takes over C．cuts in D．takes off
140．A．traffic B．construction C．ceremony D．background
题型 阅读理解
A
（23-24 高三·上海·阶段练习）A Neurologist’s Tips to Protect Your Memory
As we age, our memory declines. This is a fixed 1 for many of us; however, according to
neuroscientist Dr. Richard Restak, a neurologist and clinical professor, decline is not 2 .
Ultimately, “we are what we can remember,” he said. Here are some of Dr. Restak’s tips for developing and
3 a healthy memory.Pay more attention.
Some memory lapses are actually attention problems, not memory problems. 4 , if you’ve
forgotten the name of someone you met at a cocktail party, it could be because you were talking with several
people at the time.
One way to pay attention when you learn new information is to 5 the word. Having a picture
associated with the word, Restak said, can improve 6 . Find regular everyday memory challenges.
There are many memory exercises that you can 7 into everyday life. Dr. Restak suggested
composing a grocery list and memorizing it. When you get to the store, don’t 8 pull out your list (or
your phone) — instead, pick up everything according to your memory.
Once in a while, get in the car without turning on your GPS, and try to 9 through the streets from
memory. A small 2020 study suggested that people who used GPS more frequently over time showed a steeper
cognitive 10 in spatial memory three years later.Play games.
Dr. Restak’s “favorite working memory game” is 20 Questions — in which a group thinks of a person, place
or object, and the other person, the questioner, asks 20 questions with a yes-or-no answer. Because to succeed, he
said, the questioner must hold all of the 11 answers in memory in order to guess the correct answer.
The point is to 12 your working memory, “maintaining information and moving it around in your
mind,” Restak wrote.Read more novels.
One early indicator of memory issues, according to Dr. Restak, is 13 fiction. “People, when they
begin to have memory difficulties, tend to switch to reading nonfiction,” he said. Fiction requires active
engagement with the text, starting at the beginning and working through to the end. 14 technology.
Storing everything on your phone means that “you don’t know it,” Dr. Restak said, which can 15
our own mental abilities. The second way our relationship with technology is harmful to memory is because it often
takes our focus away from the task at hand.
1．A．accomplishmentB．assumption C．regulation D．observation
2．A．inevitable B．dispensable C．reverse D．doubtful
3．A．striking B．enduring C．arousing D．maintaining
4．A．Nevertheless B．Moreover C．For instance D．Instead
5．A．demonstrate B．trace C．discover D．visualize
6．A．recall B．sight C．target D．instinct
7．A．enclose B．integrate C．evolve D．impose
8．A．steadily B．actively C．gradually D．automatically
9．A．adjust B．rush C．gesture D．navigate
10．A．performance B．decline C．awareness D．increase
11．A．modest B．original C．previous D．personal
12．A．engage B．drain C．insert D．fulfill
13．A．devoting to B．concentrating on C．giving in to D．giving up on
14．A．Beware of B．Stick to C．Long for D．Differ from
15．A．counter B．stock C．erode D．strengthen
B
（2024·上海 ·模拟预测）Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors
diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses, and the front lines of this revolution may be forming in China. Its
market is wide open for 16 and developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care
models and make China an early adopter of VR psychiatry (精神病治疗) on a large scale.
VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their
brain—but not their body—to 17 situations and helping them learn to train their physical and
emotional responses. 18 , an alcohol-addicted patient can sit at a virtual bar without drinking, and a
person too anxious to fly can 19 takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground. Such
treatments can yield fast, dramatic results: in one case a woman calculating heights could calmly ride an escalator
after a three-hour course of VR 20 therapy.
Researchers around the world have been 21 these technologies—with promising results. Through
the end of 2016, peer-reviewed journals had published nearly 300 studies on using VR to treat mental health
disorders. And then this March, JAMA Psychiatry published what researchers say is the first ever randomized
controlled trial of a therapist-free VR 22 of acrophobia, or fear of heights. It found the technology to
be 23 , inexpensive and well-received by patients.
In China, treatment rates of mental disorders are low, which is partially linked to a shortage of trained
professionals. World Health Organization data show China’s concentration of psychiatrists is four times lower than
the global average, with only 2.2 per 100,000 people (the U.S. rate is 10.5). Another reason for low treatment rates
is 24 . While similar biases exist in many countries, studies have shown people with psychiatric
problems endure especially high levels of 25 in China.
Many supporters of mental health VR think it can help 26 both caregiver shortages and
shame. Because the technology can be fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people. And
many think VR treatments could break through cultural barriers because they can take place in a 27
place via a gamelike interface(界面), such as at home.
Despite the enthusiasm, however, experts warn that technology is no panacea(灵丹妙药). “VR can only be
one part of mental health care and not the whole system,” one expert says. Even some of the technology’s strongest
supporters 28 that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking.
Still, with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care, 29 health is
booming in China. In psychiatry in particular, there is a relatively blank canvas for technological innovation—and
VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真空). If it does so, China could make significant strides to 30
its treatment gap. It might even provide a model for other countries with shortages in their mental health care
systems.
16．A．promotion B．complaint C．innovation D．trade
17．A．worsening B．improving C．relieving D．challenging
18．A．For example B．What’s more C．By contrast D．In conclusion
19．A．prevent B．experience C．postpone D．support
20．A．group B．standard C．exposure D．relaxation
21．A．testing B．adopting C．exporting D．transferring
22．A．maintenance B．intervention C．equipment D．defense
23．A．effective B．sensitive C．complex D．fair
24．A．scientific B．specific C．cultural D．diplomatic
25．A．anxiety B．shame C．endurance D．competition
26．A．bring B．address C．create D．face
27．A．secret B．safe C．quiet D．private
28．A．caution B．require C．protest D．explain
29．A．financial B．environmental C．digital D．public
30．A．widen B．close C．discover D．avoid
1.（2021 年天津卷）
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ____16____
when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____17____ took a turn.
After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____18____.
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____19____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike
shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ____20____ of bikes was Covid-19 related,
and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____21____ to get to work
With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____22____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He ____23____
to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would
repair-again ____24____. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the
____25____ to buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____26____ bicycles. Then came more than 500 ____27____
for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be ____28____ to
their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____29____ struggling. ____30____ simply satisfying a
material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to ____31____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings
of community. ____32____, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great ____33____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is
certainly providing a ____34____, but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the
____35____ that he can make on people."
16. A. amazed B. mad C. curious D. frightened
17. A. emotions B. career C. opinions D. route
18. A. ever B. together C. insteadD. yet
19. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace
20. A. lack B. varietyC. increase D. quality
21. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D. permission
22. A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D. broke away from
23. A. remembered B. refused C. hesitated D. offered
24. A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit
25. A. profit B. budgetC. courage D. excuse
26. A. shared B. used C. expensive D. modern
27. A. enquiries B. advertisements C. noticesD. announcements
28. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned
29. A. hardly B. slightly C. truly D. instantly
30. A. WithoutB. Beyond C. Upon D. Among
31. A. practical B. commercialC. mathematical D. social
32. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile
33. A. promiseB. celebration C. comfort D. experience
34. A. competition B. serviceC. ceremony D. suggestion
35. A. compromise B. impression C. impactD. progress
2.（2015 年安徽卷）
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 71 is that
countries around the world have growing mountains of 72 because people are throwing out more rubbish
than ever before.
How did we 73 a throwaway society First of all, it is now easier to 74 an object than to
spend time and money to repair it. 75 modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able
to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 76 .
Another cause is our 77 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 78 people, we are always
looking for 79 to save time and make our lives panies 80 thousands of different
kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also 81 to the problem. We are 82 buying new things.
Advertisements persuade us that 83 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The
result is that we 84 useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the 85 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep
getting bigger. To 86 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 87 , more governments are
requiring people to recycle materials. 88 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 89 throwing them away. We
also need to rethink our attitudes about 90 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits
may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
71．A．key B．reason C．project D．problem
72．A．gifts B．rubbish C．debt D．products
73．A．face B．become C．observe D．change
74．A．hide B．control C．replace D．withdraw
75．A．Thanks to B．As to C．Except for D．Regardless of
76．A．safe B．funny C．cheap D．powerful
77．A．love B．lack C．prevention D．division
78．A．sensitive B．kind C．brave D．busy
79．A．ways B．places C．jobs D．friends
80．A．donate B．receive C．produce D．preserve
81．A．adapts B．returns C．responds D．contributes
82．A．tired of B．addicted to C．worried about D．ashamed for
83．A．newer B．stronger C．higher D．larger
84．A．pick up B．pay for C．hold onto D．throw away
85．A．advantages B．purposes C．functions D．consequences
86．A．show B．record C．decrease D．measure
87．A．technology B．environment C．consumers D．brands
88．A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
89．A．by B．in favour of C．after D．instead of
90．A．spending B．collecting C．repairing D．advertising
3.（2013 年广东卷）
Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 21 , in number. Human beings
are born with this ability. 22 , experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds
have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 23 However, if you
remove two, the bird 24 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 25 between two and three.
Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 26 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of
a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 27
until the man left the tower. The man had an 28 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left
and the other stayed, but they did not 29 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The
experiment was 30 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all
the men were 31 . It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 32
able to fool the crow.
How good is a human's number sense It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old
almost always notice if something is taken away from a 33 group. But when the number goes beyond three
or four, the children are 34 fooled.
It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our
human 35 is not much better than a crow's.
21．A．rise B．pattern C．change D．trend
22．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Disappointedly D．Fortunately
23．A．survive B．care C．hatch D．notice
24．A．generally B．sincerely C．casually D．deliberately
25．A．distance B．range C．different D．interval
26．A．amazing B．annoying C．satisfying D．disturbing
27．A．relax B．recover C．react D．return
28．A．appointment B．excuse C．idea D．explanation
29．A．fool B．hurt C．catch D．kill
30．A．reported B．repeated C．designed D．approved
31．A．confused B．gone C．tired D．drunk
32．A．gradually B．luckily C．strangely D．finally
33．A．single B．small C．local D．new
34．A．seldom B．temporarily C．merely D．often
35．A．sight B．nature C．ability D．belief
4.（2010 年安徽卷）
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with, especially since the printers in modern homes and
offices mean that very 36 things are handwritten. All too often, people buy a pen based only on 37 ,
and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it. However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not
39 if you keep the following in mind.
First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use. The thickness of the pen is the
most important characteristic (特征) 41 comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may
comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers you may 43 a fatter pen. The
length of a pen can 44 influence comfort. A pen that is too 45 can easily feeltop heavy and
unstable.
Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均匀的) while that pen remains in
touch with the paper. 47 will make it possibly for you to create a 48 line of writing. The point
should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not
block the 50 may leave drops of ink, 51 you pick the pen up and put it down again.
52 , the pen should make a thick, dark line. Fine line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but
fine, delicate lines do not command 54 next to printed text, as, 55 , a signature on a printed
letter. A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority (权威)。
36．A．many B．few C．pleasant D．important
37．A．looks B．reason C．value D．advantages
38．A．once B．if C．because D．though
39．A．convenient B．practical C．strange D．difficult
40．A．heavy B．easy C．hard D．safe
41．A．taking B．finding C．determining D．seeking
42．A．strong B．weaker C．smaller D．larger
43．A．prefer B．recommend C．prepare D．demand
44．A．hardly B．also C．never D．still
45．A．thick B．light C．long D．soft
46．A．change B．allow C．reduce D．press
47．A．they B．one C．this D．some
48．A．thin B．rough C．black D．smooth
49．A．prevent B．free C．protect D．remove
50．A．way B．sight C．flow D．stream
51．A．so B．as C．and D．yet
52．A．Meanwhile B．Generally C．Afterwards D．Finally
53．A．show up B．differ from C．break down D．compensate for
54．A．attention B．support C．respect D．admission
55．A．at most B．for example C．in brief D．on purpose
5.（2009 年江苏卷）
The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students
must 1 sixty hours of service learning, 2 they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is
academic learning that also helps the community. 3 of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river,
working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student. 4 a service experience, students must keep a journal and
then write a 5 about what they have learned.
Supporters claim that there are many 6 of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are
forced to think 7 their own interests and become 8 of the needs of others. Students are also able to
learn real-life skills that 9 responsibility, problem-solving, and working as part of a team. 10
students can explore possible careers 11 service learning. For example, if a student wonders what
teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.
12 there are many benefits, opponents 13 problems with the new requirement. First, they
14 that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is
time-consuming, students spend 15 time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing
students to work without 16 goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an
individual’s freedom to choose.
In my view, service learning is a great way to 17 to the community, learn new skills, and explore
different careers. 18 , I don’t believe you should force people to help others — the 19 to help
must come from the heart. I think the best 20 is one that gives students choices: a student should be able
to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and
responsibility and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.
1．A．spend B．gain C．complete D．save
2．A．and B．or C．but D．for
3．A．Subjects B．Ideas C．Procedures D．Examples
4．A．With B．Before C．During D．After
5．A．diary B．report C．note D．notice
6．A．courses B．benefits C．challenges D．features
7．A．beyond B．about C．over D．in
8．A．careful B．proud C．tired D．aware
9．A．possess B．apply C．include D．develop
10．A．Gradually B．Finally C．Luckily D．Hopefully
11．A．through B．across C．of D．on
12．A．So B．Thus C．Since D．While
13．A．deal with B．look into C．point out D．take down
14．A．argue B．doubt C．overlook D．admit
15．A．much B．full C．less D．more
16．A．cost B．pay C．care D．praise
17．A．contribute B．appeal C．attend D．belong
18．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．Besides D．However
19．A．courage B．desire C．emotion D．spirit
20．A．decision B．purpose C．solution D．result

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