Unit 1 Wise men in history
单元话题语法填空练习
(2024·广东深圳·二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Taking care of body and mind
During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476BC), the prince of Chu state often felt sick. A man 1 (call) Wu Ke went to visit the prince. Wu said that the prince was physically healthy; the problem was 2 his mind. Medicine couldn’t save him, but maybe some helpful 3 (suggest) could.
Wu first asked the prince to change some of 4 (him) bad habits. The prince lived too 5 (comfortable), with servants taking care of everything. He rarely walked. Instead, he took 6 carriage everywhere. He also ate a lot of greasy (油腻的)food.
After that, Wu advised the prince to do 7 (many) outdoor activities than before, like hunting 8 traveling. Last but most important, according to Wu, was 9 (meet) more people and discuss how to develop his morals (道德)and rule the state.
After taking Wu’s advice, the prince got better. This is the story know as Qifa (《七发》), which 10 (write) by Mei Cheng, a writer during the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC—AD 24). It was fictional, but very inspiring (有启发性的).
(2024·辽宁铁岭·三模)阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连贯。
In ancient China, plenty of classic stories 11 (pass) down from generation (一代人) to generation. Here are the stories of two famous 12 (character).
One person is Che Yin. He was from a poor family, but he loved studying. He had to work in the daytime, so he could only study in the evening. However, there was a problem.
He couldn’t afford a lamp. He didn’t worry about that 13 summer. In the evening, he caught some fireflies, put 14 (they) in a bag and used it as a lamp. This lamp was not very bright, but Che Yin could do some reading by lamplight in the evening.
The other person is Sun Kang. He was smart, but he was 15 poor that he couldn’t go to school. So he 16 (study) at home. He had to read just at night. Like Che Yin, he couldn’t buy a lamp. On 17 (snow) nights, he went out and read in the snow. Why Because there was the light of snow outside.
18 (lately), people use “Nang Ying Ying Xue” to say that a strong spirit is very important no matter how hard the life is. When we are having 19 hard time in life, don’t lose heart. Never let life knock us down. Even in the hardest situation, there is hope that encourages us 20 (move) forward.
(2024·山东日照·二模)阅读下面短文在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式(每空不多于三个单词)
During the Warring States Period, there was 21 man called Lu Ban. He 22 (know) as the most excellent carpenter (木匠) then. It is said that he once made a bird of wood. It was so lifelike that it flew 23 the sky for three days.
One day, a young carpenter came to a house which had a big red door. He 24 (hold) up his ax (斧) and said, “I am a great carpenter. No matter what kind of wood it is, I can make it into anything.” Hearing this, people around him all laughed. “This young carpenter 25 (talk) big now,” they thought. One of them pointed to the big red door behind him and said, “Young man, can you make a 26 (good) door than this one ” The young carpenter raised his head high 27 (show) his confidence. Then he said, “No problem! I used to be a student of Lu Ban.” The crowd laughed again. Someone said, “This is Lu Ban’s home. He made this door 28 (he).” The young carpenter’s face turned red and he ran away 29 (quick).
Thus comes the proverb “Ban Men Nong Fu”. It means showing off slight (微不足道的) 30 (skill) in front of an expert.
(2024·河北石家庄·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词 (有提示词的,填入所给单词的正确形式)。
Lord Pingyuan was from the State of Zhao (赵国). At that time, Zhao was 31 (weak) than Qin, so Qin wanted to control Zhao. Lord Pingyuan decided to ask the State of Chu 32 some help. He wanted to pick twenty talented people to go with him. But he could only find nineteen people. Where is the 33 (twenty) person Soon, a man called Mao Sui said in 34 confident voice, “Please believe in me.” Finally, Lord Pingyuan let Mao Sui join 35 (they).
Lord Pingyuan led these twenty 36 (man) to the State of Chu. However, the king didn’t want to help Zhao. Mao Sui acted so 37 (brave) that he walked to the king with a sword (剑) in his hand. The king was shocked and had to listen to Mao Sui. Mao Sui explained 38 important the friendship between Chu and Zhao was. The king agreed to help Zhao. Then Mao Sui 39 (become) a hero of the state.
What can we learn from the story It 40 (remind) us that we should always believe in ourselves like Mao Sui. Don’t be shy to hide your talents. Show yourselves to others.
(2024·黑龙江牡丹江·二模)Fill in the blanks with the grammatical knowledge according to the passage.
Do you know Confucius (孔子) He is 41 famous thinker and educator in China.
Confucius started a private school in his thirties and 42 (begin) to teach students. Sometimes there were some questions that were difficult for students, 43 he did not quickly give them the answers. Instead, he encouraged them to find the answers by 44 (they).
His students were influenced deeply by what he said. They decided to record his words and life 45 (story). As a result, Lunyu was born. Confucius had ever talked about this before: Gentlemen have peace but disagree; flunkies (小人) agree, but they have no peace. This sentence means that flunkies agree 46 (easy), but they don’t really work together. However, even if gentlemen can get along well with others, they don’t just agree with 47 (other) opinions blindly.
Confucius wrote several great works in his life. He also edited (编写) the history book 48 (call) The Spring and Autumn Annals (《春秋》). His basic thoughts (思想) were to let people try to be kind to each other. So his works 49 (accept) and praised by people all over the world.
Even though Confucius has been dead 50 more than 2,000 years, he is still remembered by people. His works have always been popular at home and abroad.
(2024·辽宁沈阳·二模)阅读短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连贯。
Confucius was a wise man in ancient China. He is such 51 great thinker that many people still know about him and his ideas.
“Ren” was considered to be the 52 (important) among Confucius’ ideas. This special word means being kind and caring about 53 happens in the world. Confucius also talked about “Li”, which means knowing the way to act 54 (proper) in different situations.
Confucius started a school 55 (spread) his ideas and thoughts. He believed that everyone, whether rich or poor, should have a chance to learn. This idea changed the way people thought about education.
The book, The Analects (《论语》), records many of the things that Confucius said. His students wrote 56 (they) down so that other people could learn from him too. In modern times, The Analects 57 (use) almost every day by lots of people because it has wise advice that can help us in our lives.
One idea Confucius had about learning was that it never stops. He said that if people wanted to get improvement, they should check themselves three 58 (time) a day. This is a very important idea, because the world is always changing and we need to keep up 59 it.
Confucius’ ideas 60 (be) around in people’s everyday lives since they appeared. They become more and more popular in Western countries and South Asia.
(2024·宁夏吴忠·二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
Do you know the Chinese story of “High Mountains and Running Water”《高山流水》 It’s about two best 61 (friend) Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi in ancient China. Boya was a great 62 (music) at that time. He was very good at playing the guqin.
One day, Boya met 63 man called Zhong Ziqi when he was playing the guqin. Ziqi said, “How 64 (beautiful) you’re playing the guqin!” Boya was glad to hear Ziqi’s words. Then he played a second piece of music. Ziqi couldn’t help clapping (鼓掌) 65 (he) hands. Then he said, “When I listen to it, I seem to hear mountains 66 (sing) and water running in your music.” Boya was 67 (excite) and decided to play more music for Ziqi. When he played another new piece, Ziqi could tell what Boya was thinking about.
68 that, Boya and Ziqi became closer. When Ziqi 69 (die), Boya played his guqin for the last time in front 70 Ziqi’s tomb (坟墓). Then he broke his guqin and decided never to play it again.
Now, we usually use the words “high mountains and running water” to describe that it’s difficult to find people who best understand and appreciate (欣赏) each other.
(2024·山东潍坊·二模)阅读下面短文,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词。
One summer night more than 1,500 years ago, a Chinese boy was sitting in a courtyard and 71 (watch) the full bright moon. He asked his grandpa why the moon sometimes was full and not at some other times.
The grandfather explained that the movement of the moon had 72 (it) own rules, so it became full at a certain time every month.
Then he asked the boy, “Are you 73 (interest) in the moon and stars ”
The boy answered ,“Yes, very much.”
The old man immediately went into the house. A few moments later, he 74 (return) with several books.
The boy spent much time 75 (read) the books in the following months. He then decided 76 (take) astronomy (天文学) as his career. At last he became one of the 77 (excellent) mathematicians and astronomers in the world. His name was Zu Chongzhi.
The Zu family moved from the north to today’s Nanjing to escape wars and political turmoil (混乱). Under the emperor’s support, the young Zu 78 (send) to study at the Imperial Institute.
During his study, Zu was able to work out the numerical value of pi to be between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927. In 465 AD, Zu created a new calendar 79 (call) Daming Calendar. The new calendar was a great improvement over previous ones and contained many 80 (discovery) in astronomy.
参考答案:
1.called 2.in
3.suggestions 4.his 5.comfortably 6.a 7.more 8.and 9.to meet 10.was written
【导语】本文文章主要讲春秋时期,楚国王子生病,有位叫吴客的人拜访王子,吴客认为王子病不在身而在思想上,吴要求王子改变一些坏习惯并多做室外活动,王子听取建议后病情好转。这个故事叫《七发》,由西汉枚乘所写。故事启发人们要关注自身心智发展。
1.句意:一个叫吴客的人去拜访王子。主语man与动词call是被动关系,此句已有动词went,故此空填过去分词作定语,故填called。
2.句意:吴说太子身体健康;问题在他的脑子里。根据“the problem was … his mind”可知,脑子里有问题,用in表示“在……中”,故填in。
3.句意:药物救不了他,但也许一些有用的建议可以。some修饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词,suggest对应的名词是suggestion“建议”,可数名词,此空应填复数形式,故填suggestions。
4.句意:吴王首先要求太子改变他的一些坏习惯。此空修饰名词habits,应填形容词性物主代词,故填his。
5.句意:王子生活得太舒适了,仆人们照料着一切。此空修饰动词lived,要用副词,comfortable对应的副词是comfortably“舒适地”,故填comfortably。
6.句意:相反,他去哪儿都坐马车。take a carriage“乘坐马车”,故填a。
7.句意:之后,吴建议王子比以前多做一些户外活动,比如打猎和旅游。根据“than”可知,此空应填比较级,故填more。
8.句意:之后,吴建议王子比以前多做一些户外活动,比如打猎和旅游。hunting与traveling是并列关系,故此空应填and连接,故填and。
9.句意:最后,也是最重要的一点,据吴说,是与更多的人见面,讨论如何发展自己的道德和统治国家。此处was是系动词,结合“and discuss”可知,空处用不定式作表语,故填to meet。
10.句意:这就是西汉时期的作家梅城所写的故事《七发》。根据“by Mei Cheng”可知,此处用被动语态,且写故事这个动作发生在过去,故此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构,主语是单数形式,助动词用was,故填was written。
11.were passed 12.characters 13.in 14.them 15.so 16.studied 17.snowy 18.Later 19.a 20.to move
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国古代的故事中两位著名人物。
11.句意:在中国古代,有许多经典故事代代相传。动词pass和主语之间是被动关系,句子发生在过去,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是复数,be动词用were。故填were passed。
12.句意:这是两个著名人物的故事。two修饰可数名词复数,故填characters。
13.句意:他在夏天不担心这个。in summer“在夏天”,故填in。
14.句意:晚上,他抓了一些萤火虫,把它们放在一个袋子里当灯用。空处作宾语,应用宾格代词them,故填them。
15.句意:他很聪明,但他太穷了,不能上学。空后是形容词poor,此处是so...that...“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句,故填so。
16.句意:所以他在家学习。文章是以一般过去时行文的,动词用过去式,故填studied。
17.句意:在下雪的夜晚,他出去在雪地里看书。空后是名词,应用snow的形容词形式snowy修饰,故填snowy。
18.句意:后来,人们用“囊萤映雪”来表示,无论生活多么艰难,坚强的精神是非常重要的。根据“people use ‘Nang Ying Ying Xue’ to say that a strong spirit is very important no matter how hard the life is.”可知,这个成语是后来人们用来表示无论生活多么艰难,坚强的精神是非常重要的,应用副词later“后来”。故填Later。
19.句意:当我们在生活中遇到困难时,不要灰心。此处表示泛指,have a hard time“遇到困难”,故填a。
20.句意:即使在最困难的情况下,也有希望鼓励我们前进。encourage sb. to do“鼓励某人去做”,故填to move。
21.a 22.was known 23.in 24.held 25.is talking 26.better 27.to show 28.himself 29.quickly 30.skills
【导语】本文主要讲述了《班门弄斧》的故事。
21.句意:战国时期,鲁国有一个人,名叫班。man“人”,单数形式,前面用不定冠词a,表示“一个人”。故填a。
22.句意:他被认为是当时最优秀的木匠。be known as“被认为是”,时态为一般过去时,主语为“He”,be动词用was。故填was known。
23.句意:它栩栩如生,在天上飞了三天。in the sky“在天上”。故填in。
24.句意:他举起斧子说:“我是一位伟大的木匠。”根据“One day, a young carpenter came”可知,时态为一般过去时,用hold的过去式held。故填held。
25.句意:这位年轻的木匠现在正在说大话。根据“now”可知,时态为现在进行时,结构为“be +V-ing”;主语为“This young carpenter”,be动词用is。故填is talking。
26.句意:年轻人,你能造一扇比这更好的门吗?根据“than”可知,此处用good“好的”的比较级better。故填better。
27.句意:年轻的木匠高高地抬起头,表现出他的自信。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to show。
28.句意:这扇门是他自己做的。此处表示门是鲁班自己做的,用反身代词himself“他自己”。故填himself。
29.句意:小木匠脸一红,很快跑走了。quick“快的”,形容词,此处用其副词形式修饰动作ran away。故填 quickly。
30.句意:它的意思是在高手面前炫耀高超的技艺。skill“技巧”,名词,空前无表数量的限定词,此处用其复数形式。故填skills。
31.weaker 32.for 33.twentieth 34.a 35.them 36.men 37.bravely 38.how 39.became 40.reminds
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了“毛遂自荐”的故事,作者想由此告诉我们应对自己有信心。
31.句意:那时,赵国比秦国弱,所以秦国想控制赵国。weak是形容词,意为“弱的”,由空后面的than“比”可知weak用比较级,weak的比较级形式是weaker。故填weaker。
32.句意:平原君决定向楚国求助。本题考查短语“向某人寻求帮助”ask sb. for help,根据短语可知答案是for,ask the State of Chu for help“向楚国请求帮助”。故填for。
33.句意:那第二十个人在哪里呢?根据“the…person”可知,此处空后为名词单数,空格前为the,此处使用序数词,twenty序数词为twentieth。故填twentieth。
34.句意:很快,一个叫毛遂的人自信地说:“请相信我。”根据“in…confident voice”可知,in a/an…voice“用某种声音”,confident以辅音音素开头,使用冠词a,故填a。
35.句意:最后,平原君让毛遂加入他们。根据“join”可知,动词后使用人称代词宾格,故填them。
36.句意:平原君带领这二十个人去了楚国。根据“twenty”可知,基数词twenty后使用名词复数,故填men。
37.句意:毛遂表现得如此勇敢,他手握剑走向了国王。根据“acted so”可知,此处使用副词修饰实义动词,bravely为brave的副词,故填bravely。
38.句意:毛遂解释了楚赵两国友好关系的重要性。根据“important the friendship between Chu and Zhao was.”可知,此处为感叹句结构,how+形容词+主语+谓语,故填how。
39.句意:然后毛遂成为了国家的英雄。根据“The king agreed to help Zhao.”可知,此处使用动词过去式,故填became。
40.句意:它提醒我们,我们应该像毛遂一样始终相信自己。根据“What can we learn from the story ”可知,此处介绍这个故事带来的启示,使用一般现在时,主语为It,使用动词三单形式,故填reminds。
41.a 42.began 43.but 44.themselves 45.stories 46.easily 47.others’ 48.called 49.were accepted 50.for
【导语】本文主要介绍了孔子的生平,他在教育以及思想方面对社会的影响。
41.句意:他是中国著名的思想家和教育家。根据“famous thinker and educator”可知,此处指的他是一名思想家和教育家,famous是辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
42.句意:孔子在三十多岁时开办了一所私塾,开始教导学生。begin开始,根据“Confucius started a private school in his thirties and”可知,设空处填所给词的过去式,故填began。
43.句意:有时会有一些对学生来说很难的问题,但他不会很快给他们答案。根据“ he did not quickly give them the answers.”可知,后文语境发生了转折,指的是他不会很快给出答案,but“但是”符合语境。故填but。
44.句意:相反,他鼓励他们自己寻找答案。根据“by”可知,考查by oneself“独自”,因此填所给词的反身代词。故填themselves。
45.句意:他们决定记录下他的话语和生活故事。根据“his words and life”可知,设空处填所给词的复数形式stories“故事”,故填stories。
46.句意:这句话的意思是,奴才们很容易达成一致,但他们并不真正在一起工作。修饰动词“agree”,填所给词的副词形式easily“容易地”。故填easily。
47.句意:然而,即使绅士可以与人相处,他们也不会盲目地同意别人的观点。根据“opinions blindly”可知,此处指的不会盲目地同意别人的观点,设空处填所给词的复数名词所有格形式,others’“其他人的”。故填others’。
48.句意:他还编辑了称作《春秋》的历史书。“book”和“call”之间存在被动关系,书是被称作,填过去分词called作定语修饰book。故填called。
49.句意:因此,他的作品被世界各地的人们所接受和赞扬。设空处前的“his works”与“accept”之间存在被动关系,且该句是一般过去时,故填were accepted。
50.句意:尽管孔子已经去世2000多年了,但人们仍然记得他。根据“more than 2,000 years”可知,这里是一段时间,用介词for。故填for。
51.a 52.most important 53.what 54.properly 55.to spread 56.them 57.is used 58.times 59.with 60.have been
【导语】本文介绍了孔子是中国古代一位圣人,文章主要介绍了他伟大的思想。
51.句意:他是如此伟大的思想家,以至于许多人仍然了解他和他的思想。此处泛指一名伟大的思想家,应用不定冠词,great以辅音音素发音,故用a。故填a。
52.句意:“仁”被认为是孔子思想中最重要的一个。根据among和空前面的定冠词the可看出,空白处应是形容词的最高级,故填important的最高级most important。故填most important。
53.句意:这个特殊的词意味着善良和关心世界上发生的事情。根据“happens in the world”可知是一个宾语从句,此空白处填宾语从句引导词what,在后面的句子中充当主语的成份。故填what。
54.句意:孔子还谈到了“礼”,意思是知道在不同情况下如何正确行事。根据act可知空格处缺少副词修饰动词,故填proper的副词properly,意为“适当地”。故填properly。
55.句意:孔子开办了一所学校来传播他的思想。根据“his ideas and thoughts.”可知,此处用动词不定式来表目的,spread的动词不定式为to spread。故填to spread。
56.句意:他的学生把它们写下来,这样其他人也可以向他学习。wrote动词,后跟they的宾格代词them。故填them。
57.句意:在现代,《论语》几乎每天都被很多人使用,因为它有明智的建议,可以帮助我们的生活。根据“almost every day by lots of people because it has wise advice that can help us in our lives.”可知,此处是一般现在时的被动语态,主语The Analects是单数,因此be动词用is,use的过去分词为used。故填is used。
58.句意:他说如果人们想提高自己,就必须每天多次进行自我反省。由three可知,此处的time应该用复数times。故填times。
59.句意:这是一个非常重要的想法,因为世界总是在变化,必须要做到与时俱进。keep up with固定短语,“跟上”。故填with。
60.句意:孔子的思想从他们当时出现时起一直在影响着人们。根据“since they appeared.”可知,用现在完成时,主语是ideas,名词复数形式,因此助动词用have,be的过去分词为been。故填have been。
61.friends 62.musician 63.a 64.beautifully 65.his 66.singing 67.excited 68.After 69.died 70.of
【导语】本文通过音乐《高山流水》介绍俞伯牙和钟子期的友谊。
61.句意:它讲的是中国古代两个最好的朋友俞伯牙和钟子期的故事。由“two best”可知,名词friend应用复数friends。故填friends。
62.句意:伯牙当时是一位很棒的音乐家。根据“He was very good at playing the guqin.”可知,伯牙是一位音乐家,应用musician“音乐家”,空前有不定冠词a,名词用单数。故填musician。
63.句意:一天,伯牙在弹古琴的时候遇到了一个叫钟子期的人。此处泛指一个男人,且man以辅音音素开头,不定冠词用a。故填a。
64.句意:你的古琴弹得多好啊!修饰谓语动词应用beautiful的副词beautifully“优美地”。故填beautifully。
65.句意:子期忍不住拍了拍手。修饰名词“hands”可知,应用he的形容词性物主代词his。故填his。
66.句意:当我听你的音乐时,我仿佛听到山在歌唱,水在流淌。根据“water running”可知,hear sb. doing sth.“听到某人正在做某事”,故此处应用现在分词singing作宾补。故填singing。
67.句意:伯牙很兴奋,决定给子期多演奏一些音乐。作表语应用形容词excited“兴奋的”,修饰人。故填excited。
68.句意:从那以后,伯牙和子期走得更近了。根据“Boya and Ziqi became closer.”可知,此处指从那以后,after“在……之后”,符合语境,句首首字母大写。故填After。
69.句意:子期死后,伯牙在子期墓前最后一次弹古琴。根据“played”可知,时态为一般过去时,动词die应用过去式died。故填died。
70.句意:子期死后,伯牙在子期墓前最后一次弹古琴。in front of“在……前面”,固定短语。故填of。
71.watching 72.its 73.interested 74.returned 75.reading 76.to take 77.most excellent 78.was sent 79.called 80.discoveries
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了祖冲之如何成为优秀的数学家和天文学家。
71.句意:1500多年前的一个夏夜,一个中国男孩坐在院子里看着一轮满月。was sitting表明本句使用过去进行时,and表明前后为并列关系,即sit和watch是并列的动作,所以watch也用现在分词。故填watching。
72.句意:爷爷解释说,月亮的运行有它自己的规律,所以它在每个月的特定时间变圆。rules为名词,空格处应填形容词性物主代词,its“它的”符合题意。故填its。
73.句意:然后他问男孩:“你对月亮和星星感兴趣吗?”根据Are ... in和提示词可知,此处用固定短语be interested in,表示“对……感兴趣”,interested“感兴趣的”,是形容词,符合题意。故填interested。
74.句意:过了一会儿,他拿着几本书回来了。根据全文时态,结合前一句went和本句的“A few moments later”可知,本句应使用一般过去时,return“返回”是动词,作谓语,在这里应使用过去式。故填returned。
75.句意:在接下来的几个月里,这个男孩花了很多时间读书。spend ... (time) doing sth.为固定搭配,表示“花……(时间)做某事”,read“阅读”为动词,在这里应使用动名词。故填reading。
76.句意:然后他决定把天文学作为他的事业。decide to do sth.为固定短语,表示“决定做某事”,take为动词,在这里应使用动词不定式。故填to take。
77.句意:最后,他成了世界上最杰出的数学家和天文学家之一。根据“one of the ...”可知,本句采用了固定搭配“one of the+形容词最高级”表示“最……之一”,excellent“出色的”为形容词,在这里应使用形容词最高级,因excellent为多音节词,其最高级形式是在单词前加most。故填most excellent。
78.句意:在皇帝的支持下,年轻的祖被送到国子监学习。send“送”,是动词,本句主语Zu与send之间为动宾关系,指祖冲之被送去读书,应用被动语态,结合全文时态可知,应使用一般过去时,主语Zu为第三人称单数,因此be动词应用was。故填was sent。
79.句意:公元465年,祖制定了新的历法《大明历》。根据“Zu created a new calendar”可知,祖冲之制定了新的历法,被命名为Daming Calendar“《大明历》”,call“命名”为动词,这里应用过去分词表示“被叫做,被命名为”。故填called。
80.句意:新的历法相比以前的历法有了很大的改进,包含了天文学上的许多发现。many“许多”后面应接复数名词,discovery“发现”为可数名词,这里应使用复数形式。故填discoveries。
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