UNIT 2　TRAVELLING AROUND
主题语境：人与自然——自然环境之旅游
单词分类识记——用时少·见效高
识记单词写对
Ⅰ.知其意
1.castle n.　　　________________
2.empire n. ________________
3.emperor n. ________________
4.site n. ________________
5.brochure n. ________________
6.package n. ________________
vt. ________________
7.credit n. ________________
8.tomb n. ________________
9.unearth vt. ________________
10.Disneyland ________________
Ⅱ.写其形
1.________ vt.租用；出租　vi.租用；租金为　n．租金
2.________ n．类型；种类　vi.& vt.打字
3.________ n．空中航行；航班；航程
4.________ adj.唯一的；独特的；特有的
5.________ n．小路；路线；道路
6.________ n．士兵；军人
7.________ n．交通运输系统　vt.运输；运送
8.________ vi.徒步旅行　vt.去……远足　n．远足；徒步旅行
9.________ n．(正式或礼貌的)要求；请求　vt.(正式或礼貌地)要求；请求
10.________ n．视野；景色；看法
核心单词练透
1.[2023·全国甲卷书面表达]He was born in a small town in Zhejiang Province and his childhood experiences became a ________ (来源) of inspiration for his future writings.
2.[2023·全国乙卷书面表达]This summer, I decided to learn singing, I started by ________ (联系) an experienced music teacher who helped me with some vocal training.
3.[2023·浙江1月卷]The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest .I was on my way to witness a ________ (独特的) honey harvest.
4.[2022·浙江卷1月应用文]I now have a new dream to travel and experience the cultures of as many countries as possible and wish to start with Ireland as my first ________ (目的地).
5.[2021·全国乙卷] Today, I'd like to focus my ________ (评论) on the meaningful roles that the elderly can play and should play in our society.
6.Having had breakfast, he settled down to ________ (打包) his suitcase.
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1.________ n．安排；筹备→________ vt.& vi.安排；筹备
2.________ adj.狭窄的 vi.& vt.(使)变窄→________ adv.勉强地；狭隘地
3.________ adj.强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的→________ n．能力；力量；权力→________ adj.无力的；无能的
4.________ adj.官方的；正式的；公务的 n．官员→________ n．办公室→________ n．军官；官员，高级职员
5.________ vt.钦佩；赞赏→________ n．崇拜；赞赏→________ adj.令人赞赏的
6.________ n．建筑设计；建筑学→________n．建筑师
7.________ n．经济；节约→________ adj.经济(上)的；经济学的→________ adj.经济的；实惠的
8.________ n．细节；详情；细微之处→________ adj.详细的；精细的
[用准用活]
9.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]At the award presentation, I accepted the award certificate, ________ (extreme) nervous and excited.
10.[2023·浙江1月卷]Most long－distance trains，especially the sleeping car ________ (accommodate)，sell out very quickly.
11.[2022·全国甲卷书面表达]June 8th was ________ (official) named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.
12.The ________ is applying himself to filling out the ________ form to explain that he can ________ to the new environment.(apply)
13.Much to my________，he was able to recite the whole point from ________ memory.(amaze)
14.I had some difficulty________ him because he had changed beyond ________．(recognize)
短语语境记忆——不枯燥·兴趣高
记全记牢
用准用活
1.________________　　申请
2.________________ 控制；接管
3.________________ 构成；形成
4.________________ 除……以外
5.________________ (在旅馆、机场等)登记
6.________________ 结账离开(旅馆等)
7.________________ 迫不及待做某事
8.________________ 包价旅游
9.________________ 作为……而出名
10.________________ 信用卡
选用左栏短语填空
1.I have ________the visa, and I'm anxiously waiting for the result these days.
2.When Mr Green got old, his nephew Stephen ________ his farm and ran it well.
3.Fifteen players ________ the team, and they will take part in the next Olympics.
4.Can you help keep an eye on my luggage when I am ________ at the desk.
5.The form cannot be signed by anyone ________ yourself.
句式仿写用活——造佳句·表达妙
句式背诵
句型1　It is/was...that...强调句型
(教材原句)It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
正因为这个原因，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。
句型2　“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装句结构
(教材原句)Especially amazing is the Incas' dry stone method of building.
特别令人惊叹的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。
句型3　It be＋形容词＋that...
(教材原句)It's amazing that there are more than 8，000 statues, and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s.令人惊奇的是，这里有8 000多座雕像，直到20世纪70年代，现代人才有人知道它们。
句型4　v．-ing 作结果状语
(教材原句)Each statue has a different face, leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier.每尊雕像都有一张不同的脸，这使得研究人员相信每尊雕像都是一个真实士兵的复制品。
句式仿写
1.在我看来，是他的坚定决心改变了一切。[2022· 新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写]
As far as I'm concerned，________________________________________________.
2.躺在床上的是他们深爱着的母亲。[2021·浙江卷读后续写] ________________________________________________________________________
3.很明显，我们应该互相合作，为比赛做好充分的准备。
________________________________________________ we should cooperate with each other and make full preparations for the competition.
4.老师故意保持沉默，导致我们以为他生气了。
The teacher kept silent on purpose，____________________________________________________________ that he was angry.
一、核心单词重点练——测能力·博高分
1 apply vi.& vt.申请；请求　vt.应用；涂(油漆、乳剂)　application n．申请(书)；应用　applicant n．申请人
apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物
apply to sb./sth. 适用于某人/某物
apply sth. to... 把某物应用/涂抹于……
apply oneself to (doing) sth.致力于/集中精力于(做)某事
【练透】　语段填空/完成句子
①I applied to the international school in Africa ________ a job as an English teacher. I hoped I could apply what I learned in the university ________ the teaching career. Much to my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of ________(apply) and now I am applying myself to ________ (teach) the students.
②He fetched some cream，applied it ________ the wound with care and rushed me to the hospital.(读后续写之动作链描写)
③我写这封信是为了申请我们社区图书馆暑假期间的志愿者职位。(申请信)
____________________________________ in our community library during the summer break.
④如果您感兴趣，请发送申请邮件至MissZhao@赵小姐。
If you are interested, ________________________ Miss Zhao at MissZhao@.
2 amazing adj.令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的　amaze vt.使惊讶　amazed adj.感到惊奇的；感到惊喜的
amazement n．惊讶
(1)be amazed at/by...对……感到惊讶
be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇
be amazed that... 对……吃惊
(2)to one's amazement 让某人惊讶的是in amazement 惊讶地
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is really________(amaze)that we should have so much in common. How I wish I could have more opportunities to communicate with you！[2022·浙江1月卷应用文]
②What ________ (amaze) me was that the old man devoted all his money to supporting the local school.
③Out of politeness, Eric shook hands with him ________ amazement.
④既惊讶又尴尬，她感觉好像所有的空气都要消失了，全世界的人都在看着她。(读后续写之心理描写)
________________________，she feels as if all the air were to disappear and people around the world were watching her.
3 arrangement n．安排；筹备　arrange v．筹备；安排；整理
(1)make arrangements/an arrangement for...　　　　　为……做安排
(2)arrange to do sth. 安排去做某事
arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Parents arrange everything ________ their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
②We're overwhelmed with excitement at the knowledge that an oral English class will ________ (arrange) for us.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文]
③我们学校将筹备向外国友人介绍中国传统文化的主题班会。
Our school is ________________ to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.
4 recognise vt.辨别出；承认；认可　recognition n．认出；承认；认可
(1)be recognised as/to be...　　　　　　　被公认为……
It is recognised that... 人们公认……
(2)beyond/out of recognition 认不出来
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Cellphones, which are now universally recognised ________ a must, have a great effect on us.
②Without your ________(recognise) and guidance, I couldn't have written this article.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]
③为了更好地接受自己，我们应该认识到没有人是完美的，承认自己的错误并不可耻。(读后续写之主旨升华)
To better accept ourselves, ________________ and there is no shame in admitting our mistakes.
5 contact n．联系；接触　vt.联络；联系
(1)make contact with　　　　 　与……取得联系
lose contact with 与……失去联系
keep in contact with 与……保持联系
be in/out of contact with 与……有/没有联系
(2)contact sb.at... 通过……与某人联系
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]With our eyes ________ (contact) together, I figured out the reason why he didn't appear at the scene.
②I ________________ (与室友失去联系) since I graduated from college. (回复信)
③如果你想了解这个活动的更多细节，请通过123456543@联系李华。(应用文之邀请信)
If you want to know more details about the activity, ________________ 123456543@.
6 request n．(正式或礼貌的)要求；请求　vt.(正式或礼貌地)要求；请求
(1)at sb.'s request＝at the request of sb. 应某人的请求、要求
(2)“要求某人做某事”的表达：
request sb. to do sth.
request that sb.(should) do sth.
It is requested that sb.(should) do sth.
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ the request of their father, the twins cleaned up the kitchen.
②Our teacher requested that we ________ (make) full preparations for the coming final examination.
③要求任何想参加该课程的人在网上注册个人信息。(应用文写作之通知)
________________________________________ personal information online.
[点拨]　动词request后的宾语从句及名词request之后的表语从句或同位语从句的谓语动词要用“should do”，should可以省略。
7 view n.视野；景色；看法　vt.观看；考虑
(1)come into view　进入视野；看得见
in one's view/opinion 在某人看来
have a good view of 清楚看到
in view of 考虑到；鉴于
(2)view...as... 把……看作……
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①These mountains are a splendid sight when ________(view) from the valley floor. (读后续写写景)
②在去农场的路上，迷人的景色映入眼帘，我们兴奋不已。
On the way to the farm, __________________________________， and you can imagine how thrilled we were.
③考虑到我家的窘境，我最终决定上交我挣的所有钱，因此我疾步跑回家。
____________________________________________，I finally determined to hand in all the money I earned，so I sprinted home.
● 划重点　练透易错点 ●
维度一　词形转换和动词形式变化
1．[2023·浙江1月卷]Followed by this procedure was a ________ (detail) introduction by our local botanist, ranging from their academic names to medicinal value.
2．[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]They could not afford to pay for ________ (transport) for their dog, Tiffy，and desperately wanted to take her with them.
3．Suffering is the most ________ (power) teacher of life and every setback is a test for us.
4．Besides, you can enjoy a lovely dolphin show, where the dolphins will jump out of the water and give you an ________ (amaze) performance.
5．The host ________ (contact) me in advance by the time he reached the pub ________(pack) with people.
6．The expert requests teenagers ________(focus) on what they are doing and be responsible for their behaviour.
7．Zhong Nanshan ________ (recognise) as one of the most greatest scientists in the field of medicine in China.
8．I'd like to express my ________(admire) for the courage and uncomplaining spirit of the firefighters.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
My parents requested me ①________ (make) arrangements for a detailed travel plan. Instead of making contact ②________ the travel agency, I booked a package tour to a cruise. To our ③________ (amaze), the ship's many dining rooms were ④________ (pack) with various food ⑤________ (transport) from both home and abroad. ⑥________ (extreme) satisfying was that we got ⑦________ wonderful view every day. We experienced unique local cultures when the ship stayed at different seaside ⑧________ (destination). We even checked ⑨________ at a local hotel for a few nights, so we had fun admiring more of the local ⑩________ (sight).
二、短语句式精准练——测素养·快增分
1 make up 构成；形成；占……比例；编造；和好；弥补
(1)make up a team　组建一个队
make up for sth. 弥补
(2)be made up of 由……构成
(3)make it 获得成功； 准时到达
【练透】　猜测句中make up的含义/完成句子
①They have quarreled seriously three times but each time they have made up with each other. ________
②There are more than two million farmers, making up two thirds of the total population of the province. ________
③He made up some excuse about his daughter being sick.________
④人生起起落落，要保持积极向上的态度并不总是那么容易。(读后续写主旨升华)
________________________， it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude.
2 句型公式：强调句型
(教材原句)It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
正是由于这个原因西班牙语是秘鲁的主要的官方语言。
(1)强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...
(2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that...
(4)not...until...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until...that...
【练透】　单句语法填空/句式升级
①It is by learning cooking ________ I have strengthened my relationship with my parents.[2023· 全国乙卷书面表达 ]
②It was under your professional guidance ________ we have made such rapid progress in English.
③I didn't realize knowledge is valuable until I had another failure in my job-seeking.
→ ________________ I realized knowledge is valuable.(强调句型)
→Not until I had another failure in my job-seeking ________ knowledge is valuable.(倒装)
3 句型公式：“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装句结构
(教材原句)Especially amazing is the Incas' dry stone method of building.
特别令人惊叹的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。
倒装句式有以下结构：
(1)形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语，可在续写中表状态
(2)表运动方向的副词away, off, down, up, in ...＋go/flee/run/rush/dash ... (表运动的谓语动词)＋名词
(3)表地点的副词/介词(短语)＋be/lie/stand/sit ... (静态动词)＋主语/表时间的副词＋谓语＋主语
【练透】　用完全倒装句结构补全空白或升级下面读后续写片段中的黑体句
Jane was seated against the big rock ①____________________， who wanted very much to be with Tom and her family. To her joy, ②____________________ (然后传来流水的声音). Quickly she followed the sound to a stream. As she picked her way carefully along the stream, a familiar voice came from a distance ③____________________________， which made Jane wild with joy. ④________________ (简的丈夫站在一棵大树下), who was anxious when she was nowhere to be found.
● 划重点　练透热考点 ●
维度一　单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
1．As you know, the Spring Festival is celebrated by Chinese all over the world, ________(make) it one of the most popular festivals.
2．我从震惊和怀疑到彻底恐惧，再到愤怒，最后只剩麻木了。(读后续写情感描写)
I went from shock and disbelief to absolute horror, then ________________， and finally I just went numb.
3．你学得越多，尝试得越多，就越能控制你的饮食和日程安排。
The more you learn and the more you try, the more you will be able to __________________．
4．I realized the famous saying “No pains, no gains.” through this fruit－picking experience.
→ ________________ I realized the famous saying “No pains, no gains.”(强调句型)
维度二　应用文练习
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇
After ①________________ (收拾完我们的行李), my parents and I could hardly wait to visit Mount Huang, which ②____________ (recognise) as one of the great symbols of China.
By cable car we reached the middle of the mountain. It was by cable car ③______________ we reached the middle of the mountain. Then we ④________________ (花了大约五个小时爬) the rest of it. Apart from the famous Guest-getting Pine, we admired unique rocks and the sea of clouds. ⑤________________________ (尤其令人惊叹的是山顶的景色，倒装句). Looking down, we felt as if we were in a fairyland.
How amazing the mountain is! It was really an unforgettable trip！
Part 1　应用文写作技巧练(短文——旅行)
第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(加黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
1．说到旅游，我的黄山之旅真是令人难忘。
________________， my tour to Mount Huang is really unforgettable.
2．我和父母收拾好行李就迫不及待地去黄山游玩。黄山被认为是中国最著名的旅游目的地之一。(非限制性定语从句)
After ________________， my parents and I ________________， ________________ one of the most famous tourist destinations in China.
3．我们是乘缆车到达半山腰的，然后花了大约五个小时爬完剩下的部分。(强调句)
________________. Then we ________________ the rest of it.
4．除了著名的迎客松，我们还欣赏了奇石和云海。
________ the famous Guest-getting Pine, we ________________ and the sea of clouds.
5．尤其令人惊叹的是山顶的景色。我们往下看，感觉仿佛置身于仙境。
________________. Looking down, we felt as if we were in a fairyland.
6．旅行不仅助我缓解压力，也增加了我对不同地方的了解。
________________， but also expands my knowledge of different places.
第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part 2　读后续写微技能练(情感描写之“激动”和“兴奋”)
第一步：按要求用“激动、兴奋”的表达补全下面各句，并背诵
1．在去往湖边的途中，妈妈一阵兴奋。
On the journey to the lake, ________________________. (无灵主语句，表激动的名词作主语)
2．妈妈坚决要求我们在下一个村庄露营，她的双眸闪着兴奋的光芒。(独立主格结构)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．我们一到露营地，妈妈就迫不及待地冲了出去，兴奋地催促我们搭帐篷。(动作描写＋副词)
The moment we arrived at the camping place,
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
4．妈妈朝湖边跑去，然后传来一阵兴奋的尖叫声。(名词短语作主语＋全部倒装句)
Mom dashed towards the lake, and ________________________________________.
5．妈妈欣赏着美景，兴奋得难以自已。(独立主格)
Mom admired the beautiful view,
____________________________________________________.
6．因为这是第一次帮爸爸在户外做饭，我和哥哥激动得脸通红。(神态)
As it was the first time that we had helped Dad cook food outdoors, ______________________．
7．我们呼吸着新鲜的空气、闻着饭菜的香味，兴奋地蹦蹦跳跳。(动作＋介词短语)
Breathing the fresh air and smelling the delicious food, ________________________.
第二步：将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
一、单词分类识记
识记单词写对
Ⅰ.知其意
1.城堡；堡垒　2.帝国　3.皇帝　4.地点；位置；现场　5.资料(或广告)手册　6.包裹；包装盒　将……包装好　7.借款；信用；称赞；学分　8.坟墓　9.挖掘；发掘　10.迪士尼乐园
Ⅱ.写其形
1.rent　2.type　3.flight 　4.unique　5.path 　6.soldier　7.transport
8.hike　9.request　10.view
核心单词练透
1.source　2.contacting　3.unique　4.destination　5.comments
6.packing
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1.arrangement； arrange　2.narrow； narrowly　3.powerful； power； powerless　4.official； office； officer　5.admire； admiration； admirable　6.architecture； architect　7.economy； economic； economical　8.detail； detailed
[用准用活]
9.extremely　10.accommodations　11.officially　12.applicant； application； apply　13.amazement； amazing　14.recognizing； recognition
二、短语语境记忆
记全记牢
1.apply for　2.take control of　3.make up　4.other than 　5.check in　6.check out　7.can't wait to do sth.　8.package tour　9.be known as　10.credit card
用准用活
1.applied for 　2.took control of　3.make up　4.checking in　5.other than
三、句式仿写用活
1.it was his strong determination that made a difference
2.Lying on the bed was their beloved mother
3.It is obvious that
4.leading us to think
重难突破　解惑释疑
一、核心单词重点练
1.①for； to； applicants； teaching　②to　③I am writing to apply for a volunteer position　④please send an application email to
2.①amazing 　②amazed　③in　④Amazed and embarrassed
3.①for　②be arranged 　③ to make arrangements for a theme class meeting
4.①as　②recognition　③we should recognize that no one is perfect
5.①contacting　② have been out of contact with my roommate　③please contact Li Hua at
6.①At　②(should) make　③It is requested that anyone who wants to attend the course (should) register
7.①viewed　②attractive scenery came into view　③In view of my family's awkward situation
划重点　练透易错点
维度一
1.detailed　2.transportation 　3.powerful　4.amazing　5.had contacted； packed 　6.to focus/(should) focus　7.is recognised　8.admiration
维度二
①to make　②with　③amazement　④packed　⑤transported　⑥Extremely　⑦a　⑧destinations　⑨in　⑩sights
二、短语句式精准练
1.①和好　②构成　③编造　④With life being made up of ups and downs
2.①that 　②that 　③It was not until I had another failure in my job-seeking that； did I realize
3.①Seated against the big rock was Jane　②then came the sound of running water　③from a distance came a familiar voice　④Standing under a big tree was Jane's husband
划重点　练透热考点
维度一
1.making　2.came the anger　3.take control of your food and your schedule　4.It was through this fruit－picking experience that
维度二
①packing up our luggage　②is recognised　③that　④spent about five hours climbing　⑤Extremely amazing was the view of the peak
满分写作　妙笔成篇
Part 1
第一步
1.When it comes to travelling
2.packing luggage； could hardly wait to visit Mount Huang； which is recognised as
3.It was by cable car that we reached the middle of the mountain； spent about five hours climbing
4.Apart from； admired unique rocks
5.Extremely amazing was the view of the peak
6.Travelling not only helps me relieve stress
第二步
范文
My Travel Experience
When it comes to travelling， my tour to Mount Huang is really unforgettable.
After packing luggage， my parents and I could hardly wait to visit Mount Huang， which is recognised as one of the most famous tourist destinations in China. It was by cable car that we reached the middle of the mountain. Then we spent about five hours climbing the rest of it. Apart from the famous Guest-getting Pine， we admired unique rocks and the sea of clouds. Extremely amazing was the view of the peak. Looking down， we felt as if we were in a fairyland.
Personally， travelling not only helps me relieve stress， but also expands my knowledge of different places.
Part 2
第一步
1.a feeling/wave/burst/rush of excitement took hold of/seized/flooded over/swept/washed over Mom
2.Mom insisted that we go camping in the next village， her eyes sparkling/twinkling/shining with excitement．
3.Mom couldn't wait to storm out and excitedly urged us to put up the tent
4.then came an excited scream/then came a scream of excitement
5.her heart thumping/pounding with excitement
6.my brother and I flushed with excitement
7.we jumped up and down with excitement
第二步
范文
On the journey to the lake， a feeling/wave/burst/rush of excitement took hold of/seized/flooded over/swept/washed over Mom. Mom insisted that we go camping in the next village， her eyes sparkling/twinkling/shining with excitement. The moment we arrived at the camping place， Mom couldn't wait to storm out and excitedly urged us to put up the tent. Then， Mom dashed towards the lake， and then came an excited scream/then came a scream of excitement. Mom admired the beautiful view， her heart thumping/pounding with excitement. Certainly， as it was the first time that we had helped Dad cook food outdoors， my brother and I flushed with excitement. Breathing the fresh air and smelling the delicious food， we jumped up and down with excitement.(共54张PPT)
UNIT 2　TRAVELLING AROUND
语基落实
重点突破
满分写作
语基落实
、单词分类识记——用时少·见效高
识记单词写对
Ⅰ.知其意
1.castle n.　　________________
2.empire n. ________________
3.emperor n. ________________
4.site n. ________________
5.brochure n. ________________
6.package n. ________________
vt. ________________
城堡；堡垒
帝国
皇帝
地点；位置；现场
资料(或广告)手册
包裹；包装盒
将……包装好
7.credit n. ________________
8.tomb n. ________________
9.unearth vt. ________________
10.Disneyland ________________
借款；信用；称赞；学分
坟墓
挖掘；发掘
迪士尼乐园
Ⅱ.写其形
1.________ vt.租用；出租　vi.租用；租金为　n．租金
2.________ n．类型；种类　vi.& vt.打字
3.________ n．空中航行；航班；航程
4.________ adj.唯一的；独特的；特有的
5.________ n．小路；路线；道路
6.________ n．士兵；军人
7.________ n．交通运输系统　vt.运输；运送
8.________ vi.徒步旅行　vt.去……远足　n．远足；徒步旅行
9.________ n．(正式或礼貌的)要求；请求　vt.(正式或礼貌地)要求；请求
10.________ n．视野；景色；看法
rent
type
flight
unique
path
soldier
transport
hike
request
view
核心单词练透
1.[2023·全国甲卷书面表达]He was born in a small town in Zhejiang Province and his childhood experiences became a ________ (来源) of inspiration for his future writings.
2.[2023·全国乙卷书面表达]This summer, I decided to learn singing, I started by ________ (联系) an experienced music teacher who helped me with some vocal training.
3.[2023·浙江1月卷]The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest .I was on my way to witness a ________ (独特的) honey harvest.
source
contacting
unique
4.[2022·浙江卷1月应用文]I now have a new dream to travel and experience the cultures of as many countries as possible and wish to start with Ireland as my first ________ (目的地).
5.[2021·全国乙卷] Today, I'd like to focus my ________ (评论) on the meaningful roles that the elderly can play and should play in our society.
6.Having had breakfast, he settled down to ________ (打包) his suitcase.
destination
comments
packing
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1.__________ n．安排；筹备→________ vt.& vi.安排；筹备
2.________ adj.狭窄的 vi.& vt.(使)变窄→________ adv.勉强地；狭隘地
3.________ adj.强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的→________ n．能力；力量；权力→________ adj.无力的；无能的
4.________ adj.官方的；正式的；公务的 n．官员→________ n．办公室→________ n．军官；官员，高级职员
5.________ vt.钦佩；赞赏→________ n．崇拜；赞赏→________ adj.令人赞赏的
6.________ n．建筑设计；建筑学→________n．建筑师
arrangement
arrange
narrow
narrowly
powerful
power
powerless
official
office
officer
admire
admiration
admirable
architecture
architect
7.________ n．经济；节约→________ adj.经济(上)的；经济学的→________ adj.经济的；实惠的
8.________ n．细节；详情；细微之处→________ adj.详细的；精细的
economy
economic
economical　
detail
detailed
[用准用活]
9.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]At the award presentation, I accepted the award certificate, ________ (extreme) nervous and excited.
10.[2023·浙江1月卷]Most long－distance trains，especially the sleeping car ____________ (accommodate)，sell out very quickly.
11.[2022·全国甲卷书面表达]June 8th was ________ (official) named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.
12.The ________ is applying himself to filling out the ________ form to explain that he can ________ to the new environment.(apply)
13.Much to my________，he was able to recite the whole point from ________ memory.(amaze)
14.I had some difficulty________ him because he had changed beyond ________．(recognize)
extremely
accommodations
officially
applicant
application
apply
amazement
amazing
recognizing
recognition
二、短语语境记忆——不枯燥·兴趣高
记全记牢
用准用活
1.________________　　申请
2.________________ 控制；接管
3.________________ 构成；形成
4.________________ 除……以外
5.________________ (在旅馆、机场等)登记
6.________________ 结账离开(旅馆等)
7.________________ 迫不及待做某事
8.________________ 包价旅游
9.________________ 作为……而出名
10.________________ 信用卡
apply for
take control of
make up
other than
check in
check out
can't wait to do sth.
package tour
be known as
credit card
选用左栏短语填空
1.I have ________the visa, and I'm anxiously waiting for the result these days.
2.When Mr Green got old, his nephew Stephen ___________ his farm and ran it well.
3.Fifteen players ________ the team, and they will take part in the next Olympics.
4.Can you help keep an eye on my luggage when I am ________ at the desk.
5.The form cannot be signed by anyone ________ yourself.
applied for
took control of
make up
checking in
other than
三、句式仿写用活——造佳句·表达妙
句式背诵
句型1　It is/was...that...强调句型
(教材原句)It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
正因为这个原因，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。
句型2　“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装句结构
(教材原句)Especially amazing is the Incas' dry stone method of building.
特别令人惊叹的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。
句型3　It be＋形容词＋that...
(教材原句)It's amazing that there are more than 8，000 statues, and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s.令人惊奇的是，这里有8 000多座雕像，直到20世纪70年代，现代人才有人知道它们。
句型4　v．-ing 作结果状语
(教材原句)Each statue has a different face, leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier.每尊雕像都有一张不同的脸，这使得研究人员相信每尊雕像都是一个真实士兵的复制品。
句式仿写
1.在我看来，是他的坚定决心改变了一切。[2022· 新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写]
As far as I'm concerned，______________________________________.
2.躺在床上的是他们深爱着的母亲。[2021·浙江卷读后续写] ____________________________________________________________
3.很明显，我们应该互相合作，为比赛做好充分的准备。
________________________________________________ we should cooperate with each other and make full preparations for the competition.
4.老师故意保持沉默，导致我们以为他生气了。
The teacher kept silent on purpose，____________________________________________________________ that he was angry.
it was his strong determination that made a difference
Lying on the bed was their beloved mother
It is obvious that
leading us to think
重点突破
一、核心单词重点练——测能力·博高分
1 apply vi.& vt.申请；请求　vt.应用；涂(油漆、乳剂)　application n．申请(书)；应用　applicant n．申请人
apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物
apply to sb./sth. 适用于某人/某物
apply sth. to... 把某物应用/涂抹于……
apply oneself to (doing) sth.致力于/集中精力于(做)某事
【练透】　语段填空/完成句子
①I applied to the international school in Africa ________ a job as an English teacher. I hoped I could apply what I learned in the university ________ the teaching career. Much to my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of ________(apply) and now I am applying myself to ________ (teach) the students.
②He fetched some cream，applied it ________ the wound with care and rushed me to the hospital.(读后续写之动作链描写)
for
to
applicants
teaching
to
③我写这封信是为了申请我们社区图书馆暑假期间的志愿者职位。(申请信)
____________________________________ in our community library during the summer break.
④如果您感兴趣，请发送申请邮件至MissZhao@赵小姐。
If you are interested, ________________________ Miss Zhao at MissZhao@.
I am writing to apply for a volunteer position
please send an application email to
2 amazing adj.令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的　amaze vt.使惊讶　amazed adj.感到惊奇的；感到惊喜的
amazement n．惊讶
(1)be amazed at/by...对……感到惊讶
be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇
be amazed that... 对……吃惊
(2)to one's amazement 让某人惊讶的是in amazement 惊讶地
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is really________(amaze)that we should have so much in common. How I wish I could have more opportunities to communicate with you！[2022·浙江1月卷应用文]
②What ________ (amaze) me was that the old man devoted all his money to supporting the local school.
③Out of politeness, Eric shook hands with him ________ amazement.
④既惊讶又尴尬，她感觉好像所有的空气都要消失了，全世界的人都在看着她。(读后续写之心理描写)
________________________，she feels as if all the air were to disappear and people around the world were watching her.
amazing
amazed
in
Amazed and embarrassed
3 arrangement n．安排；筹备　arrange v．筹备；安排；整理
(1)make arrangements/an arrangement for...　　　　　为……做安排
(2)arrange to do sth. 安排去做某事
arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Parents arrange everything ________ their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
②We're overwhelmed with excitement at the knowledge that an oral English class will ________ (arrange) for us.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文]
③我们学校将筹备向外国友人介绍中国传统文化的主题班会。
Our school is ___________________________________ to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.
for
be arranged
to make arrangements for a theme class meeting
4 recognise vt.辨别出；承认；认可　recognition n．认出；承认；认可
(1)be recognised as/to be...　　　　　　　被公认为……
It is recognised that... 人们公认……
(2)beyond/out of recognition 认不出来
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Cellphones, which are now universally recognised ________ a must, have a great effect on us.
②Without your ________(recognise) and guidance, I couldn't have written this article.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]
③为了更好地接受自己，我们应该认识到没有人是完美的，承认自己的错误并不可耻。(读后续写之主旨升华)
To better accept ourselves, ________________________________ and there is no shame in admitting our mistakes.
as
recognition
we should recognize that no one is perfect
5 contact n．联系；接触　vt.联络；联系
(1)make contact with　　　　 　与……取得联系
lose contact with 与……失去联系
keep in contact with 与……保持联系
be in/out of contact with 与……有/没有联系
(2)contact sb.at... 通过……与某人联系
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]With our eyes ________ (contact) together, I figured out the reason why he didn't appear at the scene.
②I ________________________________ (与室友失去联系) since I graduated from college. (回复信)
③如果你想了解这个活动的更多细节，请通过123456543@联系李华。(应用文之邀请信)
If you want to know more details about the activity, ________________ 123456543@.
contacting
have been out of contact with my roommate
please contact Li Hua at
6 request n．(正式或礼貌的)要求；请求　vt.(正式或礼貌地)要求；请求
(1)at sb.'s request＝at the request of sb. 应某人的请求、要求
(2)“要求某人做某事”的表达：
request sb. to do sth.
request that sb.(should) do sth.
It is requested that sb.(should) do sth.
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ the request of their father, the twins cleaned up the kitchen.
②Our teacher requested that we ____________ (make) full preparations for the coming final examination.
③要求任何想参加该课程的人在网上注册个人信息。(应用文写作之通知)
_________________________________________________________ personal information online.
[点拨]　动词request后的宾语从句及名词request之后的表语从句或同位语从句的谓语动词要用“should do”，should可以省略。
At
(should) make
It is requested that anyone who wants to attend the course (should) register
7 view n.视野；景色；看法　vt.观看；考虑
(1)come into view　进入视野；看得见
in one's view/opinion 在某人看来
have a good view of 清楚看到
in view of 考虑到；鉴于
(2)view...as... 把……看作……
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①These mountains are a splendid sight when ________(view) from the valley floor. (读后续写写景)
②在去农场的路上，迷人的景色映入眼帘，我们兴奋不已。
On the way to the farm, __________________________________， and you can imagine how thrilled we were.
③考虑到我家的窘境，我最终决定上交我挣的所有钱，因此我疾步跑回家。
____________________________________________，I finally determined to hand in all the money I earned，so I sprinted home.
viewed
attractive scenery came into view
In view of my family's awkward situation
● 划重点　练透易错点 ●
维度一　词形转换和动词形式变化
1．[2023·浙江1月卷]Followed by this procedure was a _________ (detail) introduction by our local botanist, ranging from their academic names to medicinal value.
2．[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]They could not afford to pay for _____________ (transport) for their dog, Tiffy，and desperately wanted to take her with them.
3．Suffering is the most ________ (power) teacher of life and every setback is a test for us.
4．Besides, you can enjoy a lovely dolphin show, where the dolphins will jump out of the water and give you an ________ (amaze) performance.
detailed
transportation
powerful
amazing
5．The host ____________ (contact) me in advance by the time he reached the pub ________(pack) with people.
6．The expert requests teenagers __________________(focus) on what they are doing and be responsible for their behaviour.
7．Zhong Nanshan __________ (recognise) as one of the most greatest scientists in the field of medicine in China.
8．I'd like to express my ___________(admire) for the courage and uncomplaining spirit of the firefighters.
had contacted
packed
to focus/(should) focus
is recognised
admiration
维度二　固定用法和搭配
My parents requested me ①________ (make) arrangements for a detailed travel plan. Instead of making contact ②________ the travel agency, I booked a package tour to a cruise. To our ③________ (amaze), the ship's many dining rooms were ④________ (pack) with various food ⑤_________ (transport) from both home and abroad. ⑥________ (extreme) satisfying was that we got ⑦________ wonderful view every day. We experienced unique local cultures when the ship stayed at different seaside ⑧________ (destination). We even checked ⑨________ at a local hotel for a few nights, so we had fun admiring more of the local ⑩________ (sight).
to make
with
amazement
packed
transported
Extremely
a
destinations
in
sights
二、短语句式精准练——测素养·快增分
1 make up 构成；形成；占……比例；编造；和好；弥补
(1)make up a team　组建一个队
make up for sth. 弥补
(2)be made up of 由……构成
(3)make it 获得成功； 准时到达
【练透】　猜测句中make up的含义/完成句子
①They have quarreled seriously three times but each time they have made up with each other. ________
②There are more than two million farmers, making up two thirds of the total population of the province. ________
③He made up some excuse about his daughter being sick.________
④人生起起落落，要保持积极向上的态度并不总是那么容易。(读后续写主旨升华)
_________________________________， it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude.
和好
构成
编造
With life being made up of ups and downs
2 句型公式：强调句型
(教材原句)It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
正是由于这个原因西班牙语是秘鲁的主要的官方语言。
(1)强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...
(2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that...
(4)not...until...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until...that...
【练透】　单句语法填空/句式升级
①It is by learning cooking ________ I have strengthened my relationship with my parents.[2023· 全国乙卷书面表达 ]
②It was under your professional guidance ________ we have made such rapid progress in English.
③I didn't realize knowledge is valuable until I had another failure in my job-seeking.
→ _______________________________________________ I realized knowledge is valuable.(强调句型)
→Not until I had another failure in my job-seeking ___________ knowledge is valuable.(倒装)
that
that
It was not until I had another failure in my job-seeking that
did I realize
3 句型公式：“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装句结构
(教材原句)Especially amazing is the Incas' dry stone method of building.
特别令人惊叹的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。
倒装句式有以下结构：
(1)形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语，可在续写中表状态
(2)表运动方向的副词away, off, down, up, in ...＋go/flee/run/rush/dash ... (表运动的谓语动词)＋名词
(3)表地点的副词/介词(短语)＋be/lie/stand/sit ... (静态动词)＋主语/表时间的副词＋谓语＋主语
【练透】　用完全倒装句结构补全空白或升级下面读后续写片段中的黑体句
Jane was seated against the big rock
①______________________________， who wanted very much to be with Tom and her family. To her joy, ②____________________________ (然后传来流水的声音). Quickly she followed the sound to a stream. As she picked her way carefully along the stream, a familiar voice came from a distance ③____________________________， which made Jane wild with joy. ④_________________________________ (简的丈夫站在一棵大树下), who was anxious when she was nowhere to be found.
Seated against the big rock was Jane
then came the sound of running water
from a distance came a familiar voice
Standing under a big tree was Jane's husband
● 划重点　练透热考点 ●
维度一　单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
1．As you know, the Spring Festival is celebrated by Chinese all over the world, ________(make) it one of the most popular festivals.
2．我从震惊和怀疑到彻底恐惧，再到愤怒，最后只剩麻木了。(读后续写情感描写)
I went from shock and disbelief to absolute horror, then ________________， and finally I just went numb.
making
came the anger
3．你学得越多，尝试得越多，就越能控制你的饮食和日程安排。
The more you learn and the more you try, the more you will be able to ________________________________．
4．I realized the famous saying “No pains, no gains.” through this fruit－picking experience.
→ ____________________________________ I realized the famous saying “No pains, no gains.”(强调句型)
take control of your food and your schedule
It was through this fruit－picking experience that
维度二　应用文练习
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇
After ①________________ (收拾完我们的行李), my parents and I could hardly wait to visit Mount Huang, which ②____________ (recognise) as one of the great symbols of China.
By cable car we reached the middle of the mountain. It was by cable car ③______________ we reached the middle of the mountain. Then we ④_________________________ (花了大约五个小时爬) the rest of it. Apart from the famous Guest-getting Pine, we admired unique rocks and the sea of clouds. ⑤__________________________________ (尤其令人惊叹的是山顶的景色，倒装句). Looking down, we felt as if we were in a fairyland.
How amazing the mountain is! It was really an unforgettable trip！
packing up our luggage
is recognised
that
spent about five hours climbing
Extremely amazing was the view of the peak
满分写作
Part 1　应用文写作技巧练(短文——旅行)
第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(加黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
1．说到旅游，我的黄山之旅真是令人难忘。
________________________， my tour to Mount Huang is really unforgettable.
2．我和父母收拾好行李就迫不及待地去黄山游玩。黄山被认为是中国最著名的旅游目的地之一。(非限制性定语从句)
After ________________， my parents and I
______________________________， ___________________ one of the most famous tourist destinations in China.
When it comes to travelling
packing luggage
could hardly wait to visit Mount Huang
which is recognised as
3．我们是乘缆车到达半山腰的，然后花了大约五个小时爬完剩下的部分。(强调句)
________________________________________________. Then we _______________________ the rest of it.
It was by cable car that we reached the middle of the mountain
spent about five hours climbing
4．除了著名的迎客松，我们还欣赏了奇石和云海。
___________ the famous Guest-getting Pine, we __________________ and the sea of clouds.
5．尤其令人惊叹的是山顶的景色。我们往下看，感觉仿佛置身于仙境。
__________________________________. Looking down, we felt as if we were in a fairyland.
6．旅行不仅助我缓解压力，也增加了我对不同地方的了解。
______________________________， but also expands my knowledge of different places.
Apart from
admired unique rocks
Extremely amazing was the view of the peak
Travelling not only helps me relieve stress
第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
范文
My Travel Experience
When it comes to travelling， my tour to Mount Huang is really unforgettable.
After packing luggage， my parents and I could hardly wait to visit Mount Huang， which is recognised as one of the most famous tourist destinations in China. It was by cable car that we reached the middle of the mountain. Then we spent about five hours climbing the rest of it. Apart from the famous Guest-getting Pine， we admired unique rocks and the sea of clouds. Extremely amazing was the view of the peak. Looking down， we felt as if we were in a fairyland.
Personally， travelling not only helps me relieve stress， but also expands my knowledge of different places.
Part 2　读后续写微技能练(情感描写之“激动”和“兴奋”)
第一步：按要求用“激动、兴奋”的表达补全下面各句，并背诵
1．在去往湖边的途中，妈妈一阵兴奋。
On the journey to the lake,
___________________________________________________________. (无灵主语句，表激动的名词作主语)
2．妈妈坚决要求我们在下一个村庄露营，她的双眸闪着兴奋的光芒。(独立主格结构)
___________________________________________________________
a feeling/wave/burst/rush of excitement took hold of/seized/flooded over/swept/washed over Mom
Mom insisted that we go camping in the next village， her eyes sparkling/twinkling/shining with excitement．
3．我们一到露营地，妈妈就迫不及待地冲了出去，兴奋地催促我们搭帐篷。(动作描写＋副词)
The moment we arrived at the camping place,
___________________________________________________________.
4．妈妈朝湖边跑去，然后传来一阵兴奋的尖叫声。(名词短语作主语＋全部倒装句)
Mom dashed towards the lake, and
________________________________________________.
5．妈妈欣赏着美景，兴奋得难以自已。(独立主格)
Mom admired the beautiful view,
____________________________________________________.
Mom couldn't wait to storm out and excitedly urged us to put up the tent
then came an excited scream/then came a scream of excitement
her heart thumping/pounding with excitement
6．因为这是第一次帮爸爸在户外做饭，我和哥哥激动得脸通红。(神态)
As it was the first time that we had helped Dad cook food outdoors, ___________________________________．
7．我们呼吸着新鲜的空气、闻着饭菜的香味，兴奋地蹦蹦跳跳。(动作＋介词短语)
Breathing the fresh air and smelling the delicious food, _____________________________________.
my brother and I flushed with excitement
we jumped up and down with excitement
第二步：将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
范文
On the journey to the lake， a feeling/wave/burst/rush of excitement took hold of/seized/flooded over/swept/washed over Mom. Mom insisted that we go camping in the next village， her eyes sparkling/twinkling/shining with excitement. The moment we arrived at the camping place， Mom couldn't wait to storm out and excitedly urged us to put up the tent. Then， Mom dashed towards the lake， and then came an excited scream/then came a scream of excitement. Mom admired the beautiful view， her heart thumping/pounding with excitement. Certainly， as it was the first time that we had helped Dad cook food outdoors， my brother and I flushed with excitement. Breathing the fresh air and smelling the delicious food， we jumped up and down with excitement.UNIT 2　TRAVELLING AROUND
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2024·九省联考，阅读C]In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People， Dale Carnegie wrote： “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument—and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common， but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives—and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights， which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights， verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win， you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions—like， say， tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However， there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position， formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand， ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell__out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort， but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people， learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．What is the author's attitude toward Carnegie's understanding of argument？
A．Critical. B．Supportive.
C．Tolerant. D．Uncertain.
2．Why do many people try to avoid arguments？
A．They lack debating skills.
B．They may feel bad even if they win.
C．They fear being ignored.
D．They are not confident in themselves.
3．What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A．Defend. B．Explain.
C．Conclude. D．Repeat.
4．What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author？
A．Sense of logic.
B．Solid supporting evidence.
C．Proper manners.
D．Understanding from both sides.B
[2024·沈阳市高三教学质量监测(三)]The Sahara is the world's largest and most magic desert，but knowledge about it is surprisingly limited. Even estimates of when it formed vary widely，from more than five million years ago to mere thousands. Now，however，geologists studying wind carried Saharan dust on the Canary Islands have come closer to settling this：it is，they report，close to five million years old.
One reason for the uncertainty over the Sahara's age is that researchers use different methods to estimate it. These include studying desert dust found in sediment (沉积物) under the Atlantic Ocean，analyzing sandstone and modeling the ancient climate. To help settle the uncertainty，Daniel Muhs，geomorphologist of the U．S. Geological Survey，and his colleagues looked at sediment on Spain's Canary Islands. They found evidence of Saharan dust. The dust appeared in ancient soil layers (层)，whose age they assessed on the basis of fossils (化石) found in the same layers—and that age agreed with the earlier marine sediment studies. The researchers reported their__findings in November in Palaeogeography，Palaeoclimatology，Palaeoecology.
“The conclusion of the study is very good，”says Zhongshi Zhang，a climate modeler at the University of Bergen in Norway，who was not involved in the work.“Because the dust found on the islands is distinct from the ocean's record，” Zhang adds，“it helps to build the case for a five million year age.”
The Sahara is the biggest source of wind carried dust in the world—and that dust's journey does not end in the Canary Islands，which lie just off the western coast of Africa. It continues on to places such as the Amazon rainforest in South America，Daniel notes. Amazon soils are poor in nutrients，and he says the new results help to show how rich dust from Africa could have been supporting the South American region's incredible biodiversity for millions of years—adding to the Amazon's own origin story.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5．How did Daniel settle the formation time of the Sahara？
A．By modeling the ancient climate in Spain's islands.
B．By studying the desert dust under the Atlantic Ocean.
C．By assessing the age of the dust in ancient soil layers.
D．By analyzing the wind carried sandstone in the Sahara.
6．What do the underlined words “their findings” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A．The appearance of the dust.
B．The formation of two layers.
C．The age of the Saharan dust.
D．The agreement of two layers.
7．What contributes to the biodiversity of the South America？
A．The Saharan dust.
B．The Amazon soils.
C．The Amazon rainforest.
D．The coastal waters.
8．Which is the most suitable title for the text？
A．The Study of the Sahara
B．The Birth of the Sahara
C．The Source of the Sahara
D．The Effect of the Sahara
Ⅱ.完形填空
[2024·湖南省名校高三第二次联考]You might say I found marathoning， step by step. Or perhaps it found me. I was __1__ an athlete growing up. In fact， I have a hard time __2__ that term to myself even today.
It started when I joined a group of women in my neighborhood for a daily three mile walk. At first it was __3__. But soon， my body adjusted and I wanted __4__. Before long， I was running 5 miles. Then I set a goal to run a half marathon. And I did complete the Covered Bridges Half Marathon. I thought， “Now what？” I started to __5__ a marathon.
It so happened that I __6__ a meeting one night and listened to the speaker and coach， Rick Muhr， and was so __7__ by his words. I told him that I had signed up for the Ocean State Marathon， just a week away， and that I really didn't believe I could __8__. Rick locked eyes with me and said， “Trish， you've done enough training. You'll finish！”
I never had someone __9__ me like that， let alone a real， live coach. He gave me the __10__ I needed. I set out to run my __11__ marathon and completed it in 4：25：00. Little did I know that this would be the beginning of nearly a decade of marathon and distance running.
Running a marathon isn't for everybody. But it is for anybody， anybody who wants to __12__ the unreachable and to take that __13__ into the rest of their life. When you cross the finish line you may never have a __14__ picture of what you are made of and capable of accomplishing. Your __15__ of the world and， more importantly， of yourself will forever be changed！
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．A.always B．rarely
C．never D．nearly
2．A.pointing B．applying
C．turning D．spreading
3．A.hard B．relaxing
C．unfamiliar D．exciting
4．A.some B．both
C．more D．none
5．A.report B．record
C．recall D．consider
6．A.held B．missed
C．attended D．mentioned
7．A.inspired B．disturbed
C．embarrassed D．amused
8．A.participate B．finish
C．win D．run
9．A.agree with B．rely on
C．care for D．believe in
10．A.confidence B．pleasure
C．satisfaction D．motivation
11．A.last B．first
C．only D．second
12．A.test B．identify
C．imagine D．reach
13．A.knowledge B．request
C．principle D．experience
14．A.bigger B．brighter
C．clearer D．nicer
15．A.view B．love
C．description D．memory
[答题区]
1～5　 ______________　6～10 ______________11～15 ______________
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。
1.答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中“This distaste for arguments is common， but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives—and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义。)”可知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的看法持批判态度，故选A。
2.答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Like physical fights， verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win， you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions—like， say， tennis tournaments.(和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会两败俱伤。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕。)”可知， 很多人尽量避免争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。
3.答案与解析：B　词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句“ask them to give you a reason for their view”可知，让他们为自己的观点提供依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spell out意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。
4.答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to ‘win’ an argument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了‘赢得’争论的本质)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理解，故选D。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的、最神奇的沙漠，但是关于它的知识却惊人地有限。来自美国地质调查局的地貌学家Daniel Muhs和他的同事通过评估古代土壤层中尘土的年龄，确定撒哈拉沙漠的形成时间。
5.答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“To help settle the uncertainty， Daniel ...and that age agreed with the earlier marine sediment studies.”可知，为了帮助解决这个不确定性，Daniel和他的同事查看西班牙加那利群岛的沉积物。在那里他们发现了撒哈拉沙漠尘土的证据。这种尘土出现在古代的土壤层中，他们以同一个土壤层发现的化石为根据，评估尘土的年龄，这个年龄与早期的海洋沉积物的研究结果相吻合。由此可知，Daniel通过评估古代土壤层中尘土的年龄来确定撒哈拉沙漠的形成时间，故选C。
6.答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。根据第二段的“They found evidence of Saharan dust...that age agreed with the earlier marine sediment studies.”，再结合第5题答案可知，Daniel通过评估古代土壤层中尘土的年龄来确定撒哈拉沙漠的形成时间。由此可知，“their findings”指代上文提及的“撒哈拉尘土的年龄”。
7.答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Amazon soils are poor in nutrients...the South American region's incredible biodiversity for millions of years”可知，亚马孙土壤营养贫乏，Daniel说这个新的研究结果有助于表明，数百万年以来，来自非洲的肥沃的尘土是如何促成南美洲地区惊人的生物多样性的。
8.答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“geologists studying wind carried Saharan dust on the Canary Islands have come closer to settling this： it is， they report， close to five million years old”可知，本文主要介绍了地貌学家研究加那利群岛的沉积物，发现撒哈拉沙漠尘土的证据，通过评估古代土壤层中撒哈拉沙漠尘土的年龄，确定撒哈拉沙漠的形成时间，即撒哈拉沙漠有近500万年的历史。故B项“撒哈拉沙漠的诞生”最适合作本文的标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢上马拉松的过程和这项运动的意义。
1.答案与解析：C　根据上文“You might say I found marathoning， step by step.”和下文“It started when I joined a group of women in my neighborhood for a daily three mile walk.”可推知，作者成年后才接触马拉松，所以在之前的成长过程中，她并不喜欢运动，不算运动员。
2.答案与解析：B　根据下文“that term to myself”可推知，作者觉得很难把“运动员”这一专有名词用在自己身上。apply sth. to sb.是固定短语，意为“把……运用于……”。
3.答案与解析：A　根据下文“But soon， my body adjusted”可知，一开始作者的身体没有适应，所以会觉得很难。
4.答案与解析：C　根据上文“a daily three mile walk”和下文“Before long， I was running 5 miles.”可知，作者由一开始的步行3英里转变到跑步5英里，说明在身体适应后，作者想要进行更多运动。
5.答案与解析：D　根据上文“Now what？”可推知，作者在完成了半程马拉松后开始寻找下一个目标，开始考虑全程的马拉松比赛。
6.答案与解析：C　根据下文“a meeting one night and listened to the speaker and coach”可知，作者参加了一个会议，听了演讲。
7.答案与解析：A　根据下文“I told him that I had signed up for the Ocean State Marathon， just a week away， and that I really didn't believe I could __8__.”可推知，作者深受教练Rick Muhr的话的鼓舞，所以才想和他分享自己的担忧，希望得到鼓励。
8.答案与解析：B　根据下文教练Rick Muhr鼓舞的话“Trish， you've done enough training. You'll finish！”可推知，作者怕自己无法完成马拉松比赛。
9.答案与解析：D　根据上文教练Rick Muhr的话“Trish， you've done enough training. You'll finish！”可知，教练表达了对作者的信任。
10.答案与解析：A　根据上文“I told him that I had signed up for the Ocean State Marathon， just a week away， and that I really didn't believe I could __8__.”可知，作者对完成马拉松没有信心，所以教练Rick Muhr的鼓励给了她信心。
11.答案与解析：B　根据上文“And I did complete the Covered Bridges Half Marathon. I thought， ‘Now what？’ I started to __5__ a marathon.”可知，这是作者第一次跑全程马拉松。
12.答案与解析：D　根据上文作者的经历可知，参加马拉松不是件容易的事情，结合句中“the unreachable”可知，作者把完成马拉松比喻成到达不可企及的高点。
13.答案与解析：D　句意：但它适合任何人，任何想要达到不可企及的高点并将这种经历带入他们的余生的人。作者讲完成马拉松相当于到达不可企及的高点，这是一种经历，一种可以铭记余生的经历。
14.答案与解析：C　根据上文“who wants to __12__ the unreachable”可知，作者把完成马拉松比喻成到达不可企及的高点，结合句中“picture of what you are made of and capable of accomplishing”可推知，当冲过终点线时，你就突破了自己，会对自己有更清晰的认识。
15.答案与解析：A　根据上文“When you cross the finish line you may never have a __14__ picture of what you are made of and capable of accomplishing.”可知，冲过马拉松的终点意味着突破极限，会对自己有更清晰的认识，所以对世界和自己的看法将永远改变。

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