山西省吕梁市文水县2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末学业水平测试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、补全对话
根据下面的对话内容，在空白处填入一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。
AnnGood morning! 1 What heavy snow it is! Yeah. It began to snow at eight last night. 2 I was reading an interesting book. What about you 3 Then my sister shouted that it was snowing. 4 Of course, we went out to play in the snow. We enjoyed ourselves.We all like snow. How about having a snowball fight this afternoon 5 See you in the afternoon.See you.
二、完形填空
请阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
You can learn a lot about a city by the rubbish in it. No one understands this better than Nelson Molina.
“When I was a kid, I didn’t have money for 6 . I often picked toys out of the rubbish,” Nelson explained. The habit stayed with Nelson. When he worked 7 a cleaner in New York City, he did the same.
Nelson thought it would be better to put old but lovely objects in a place than to throw them away. So he 8 a museum named “Treasures in the Trash”.
It was enjoyable for Nelson to turn rubbish into treasures. He always makes his museum cool and tidy. Some visitors even asked Nelson 9 they could buy the objects in it. Day after day, he collected toys, records, books and so on. There were about 45,000 things in the museum when Nicolas Heller, a film-maker, went to visit Nelson.
To let more people 10 the fact, Heller made a short film about Nelson. He wanted to introduce the excellent 11 to people.
“I have never thrown away anything 12 . I believe everyone can do something similar to reduce (减少) waste,” Nelson says in the film.
“Treasures in the Trash” museum tells the stories of the city and its people, because the things people left behind can reflect (反映) how their lives are 13 . Also, the museum reminds people that before they throw something out, think about where it should stay. “Everything can have a home,” said Nelson.
6．A．cameras B．ships C．toys
7．A．at B．as C．with
8．A．set up B．wrote down C．gave out
9．A．before B．whether C．because
10．A．forget B．realize C．explain
11．A．object B．beauty C．example
12．A．common B．useful C．perfect
13．A．changing B．ending C．staying
三、阅读理解
请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
New inventions can make people’s lives better. Let’s have a look at some of them!
Hug (拥抱) you back Toys can be our good friends when we feel sad. The US company Hugimals made these toys. When you hug them, they hug you back! Each toy weighs about 2 kilograms. There are glass beads (珠子) inside the toy. They make the toy heavier so that it can give people the feeling of being hugged. The company hopes the toys can help people have less stress and have a good sleep.
Free your hands When we film short videos, it can be difficult, because we have to hold the phone in one hand. The Japanese company Fairy Devices has made a wearable device (设备). It can free your hands! There is a camera and five microphones on it. The tool can also be connected (连接) with video chatting Apps so that you can share what you see with people far away while travelling.
Water from air This device Kara Pure can turn air into drinking water! Made by the US company Kara Water, it can make 10L of fresh water from the air each day. Other similar devices use refrigerants (制冷剂) to get water from the air, but it is noisy and bad for the environment. Kara Pure uses the desiccant (干燥剂) to catch water from the air. This is the biggest difference.
14．Why are there glass beads in the toys
A．To interest more children.
B．To make them tall enough.
C．To give people a better feeling.
15．What can the invention from Fairy Devices do
A．Make people relax.
B．Help people make more friends online.
C．Let users take videos without using their hands.
16．What do we know about Kara Pure
A．It uses the desiccan t to do the work.
B．It is not good for the environment.
C．It makes a lot of noise when working.
17．Which of the following questions is answered in the passage
A．How much is the wearable device
B．How much do glass beads weigh in the toy’s body
C．What’s the biggest difference between Kara Pure and other similar devices
18．In which part of a magazine can we read the passage
A．Music & Art. B．Science & Technology. C．Food & Health.
Charlie’s family was very poor because only his father worked in this family of seven. He couldn’t have enough food to eat every day. Looking out of the widow, Charlie could see the world’s largest chocolate factory clearly. He loved eating chocolate more than anything else. But he couldn’t afford it.
One day, Charlie got a piece of exciting news —Willy Wonka, the owner of the world’s largest chocolate factory, hid five golden tickets in his chocolate. His chocolate factory would be open for the lucky ones. And one of them might get the factory. Since then, Charlie had been looking forward to getting one of the five tickets.
Slowly, four golden tickets came to four children from all over the world. One afternoon, on his way home, Charlie found some money on the road and used it to buy a chocolate. To his surprise, he got the last golden ticket in the chocolate. Charlie ran home quickly with the golden ticket and told his family the good news.
The exciting day had finally arrived. Five lucky children followed Mr. Wonka into the factory. Finally they came to the underground chocolate workshop. The other four children didn’t do as Mr. Wonka told them. As a result, they caused a lot of trouble in the workshop. Charlie was the only obedient (听话的) child. Of course Mr. Wonka was pleased with Charlie. In the end, Charlie became the true lucky one and he got the chocolate factory from Mr. Wonka.
19．Why was Charlie’s family very poor
A．Because they had seven family members but only Charlie worked.
B．Because they had seven family members but only his father worked.
C．Because they had seven family members but they didn’t like to work.
20．From which paragraph can we know that Charlie got a golden ticket
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3.
21．How did Charlie get the money to buy the chocolate
A．He found it on the road.
B．He borrowed it from his father.
C．He got it by selling fruit.
22．How many children did Mr. Wonka take to visit his factory
A．3. B．4. C．5.
23．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Five lucky children
B．Charlie and the chocolate factory
C．The world’s largest chocolate factory
请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，从所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。
Have you ever visited museums Many people choose to go to a museum on weekends or during their holidays. 24 For example, the New Taipei City Yingge Ceramics (陶瓷) Museum is one of them. It is Taiwan’s first ceramics museum. At the museum, you can learn how ceramics were made and used in the past. 25
Ceramics are used in many ways in our life. 26 There is an area of the museum called Future World. You can see how ceramics will be used in the future. You must be surprised when you see it!
27 And every art exhibition has a theme. Ruth Li is an artist and she showed her works at the museum. The theme of her exhibition is life. Visitors can see many plants, animals and other things from nature in her works.
While visiting the museum, you can also make your own ceramics. Take a piece of clay (陶土). 28 It’s very fantastic!
A．I enjoyed myself in the museum.
B．The museum also has some art exhibitions (展览).
C．There are many different kinds of great museums in China.
D．For example, they are used in bowls, plates, computers and cars.
E．Then you can make something beautiful or interesting from the clay.
F．You can also see the importance of ceramics in today’s world and the future.
四、任务型阅读
请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在方框内的缩写文章中，填入与短文意思最符合的单词，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。
A charity (慈善组织) usually tries to help people in need, save animals and protect the environment. People in the charity expect nothing in return when they help others.
Take Comic Relief as an example. It holds a huge event, Red Nose Day, in the UK. On this day, people do something funny to raise money for people in need. To make others laugh, people may wear red noses on the streets.
Besides (除了) Red Nose Day, there are many other creative ways to help people in need around the world. Many charities have charity shops in Western countries. These shops collect second-hand things and then sell them. Then all the money goes to help sick children and homeless people. A large number of young people love these shops because they can often find beautiful and cheap clothes there. What’s more, some people like to sell things they no longer want in their yard. Then they give the money to the poor in their community.
Also, many famous people give concerts to raise money. For example, the singer Bob Geldof and the musician Midge Ure gave the Live 8 concerts in 2005. Many singers and musicians gave performances in the concerts to help the poor in Africa.
“I’m glad to see that the whole world has come together to help the poor,” former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan once said.
A charity is an organization which tries to work for people, animals and the environment. People in the charity offer help, but they don’t 29 anything in return. Red Nose Day is a huge event in the UK. People do 30 things to raise money for people in need. Many charities run charity shops in Western countries. These shops 31 second- hand things and then sell them. Some people enjoy having a yard sale to raise money for the 32 in their community. In 2005, many singers and musicians gave 33 in the concerts to help poor people in Africa. According to Kofi Annan, people all over the world are giving a helping hand to those in need.
请阅读下面的非连续性文本，根据语篇内容，回答问题，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。
Nowadays, many people use wrong Chinese characters (汉字) on the Internet. For example, people use “buchuo (不戳)” instead of “bucuo (不错)” to say something is great. Or they use “xiaopenyou (小盆友)” instead of “xiaopengyou (小朋友)”. Recently, a school asked 70 students some questions about wrong Chinese characters. The results are as follows.Why do they use wrong Chinese characters
60% of the students feel that they are different from others when they use wrong Chinese characters.
40% of the students think they’re very fun to use wrong Chinese characters.
When do they use wrong Chinese characters
70% of the students use wrong Chinese characters when they are online.
30% of the students use them when they talk with friends.
Reasons why people should stop using wrong Chinese characters
The wrong use of Chinese characters on the Internet can make people unable to understand the real meanings of the characters and cause communication problems among people.
______
Last year, a social media platform (社交媒体平台) started an activity to correct (纠正) Chinese characters. It would use keyword (关键词) search to check information to find wrong characters. “The activity is not for careless spelling mistakes, but for the mistakes on purpose (故意地),” a worker of the social platform said. It hoped to help people write correct Chinese characters and keep a healthy online environment.
Soon after, another social platform also had an activity to call on its users to write Chinese characters in a right way. It said the activity was to build a friendly online community and to help spread (传播) excellent traditional Chinese culture.
Results of the activities
The activities got popular. Many people discussed them on the Internet. They thought the activities could be helpful in making young people use Chinese characters rightly.
34．According to Chart I, how many students think that they are special when they use wrong Chinese characters
.
35．According to Chart II, when do most of the students use wrong Chinese characters
.
36．Why people should stop using wrong Chinese characters (One example is OK.)
.
37．Please fill in the blank ______.
.
38．What is the purpose (目的) of the activities
.
39．Do you use wrong Chinese characters in your daily life Why
.
五、短文填空
请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入恰当的单词，使短文通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。
Dear Jenny, School 40 a good place for you to get a good education. It can help you build a good future. However, some students hate school. You must find out the reason. Is it because you don’t like some subjects or because you don’t want too much homework If you don’t get on 41 your classmates, you may feel lonely and nervous. This may make you hate school. Some students aren’t interested in study because they are crazy about playing. After you know the reason, you should do 42 you should do to make a change in yourself. Develop interests in your subjects. Take your homework seriously. Communicate with classmates more and share your happiness and troubles with 43 . It will make your friendship(友谊) much stronger. If you like playing a lot, it may be because you haven’t realized the 44 of study. You can also ask your parents for help when you have troubles. Mrs. Brown
六、选词填空
请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框中有两个词为多余项。
he forest beat hide bring happy before deep lose record right large
Have you heard of dodos (渡渡鸟) The dodo was a 45 bird. But you might not think it was a bird at all, for the dodo could not fly. It was a member of the chicken family. It lived 46 and safely until humans arrived in 1505.
There were no mammals (哺乳动物) in Mauritius 47 humans arrived. The Dutch (荷兰人) arrived and started to live there in 1638. They wanted the island to be more like their homes, so they 48 pigs, chickens, cats and other animals.
The Dutch caught and ate many dodos. The birds had never faced this, so they learned to run from humans. But the cats ate the dodos’ eggs. Since dodos could not fly, they were unable 49 their eggs in trees like other birds. The new animals on the island competed with the dodos for food. The dodos had to go 50 and deeper into the forests to live. At the same time, the human beings cut down 51 to make farmland. Dodos were 52 their homes too.
It is said that the last 53 of a dodo was in 1662. A sailor (水手) wrote that he and 54 friends had got a dodo. He said the bird made a great noise and that all the bird’s friends ran to help it.
Many plants and animals are disappearing from the Earth because of human activities. Let’s try our best to make a change to protect them.
七、书面表达
55．打开整理箱就像打开记忆的盒子，种种回忆涌上心头。你记忆中最喜欢的一件玩具是什么？请你根据以下信息写一篇英语短文，与我们分享它背后的故事。
提示：
1. What is your favorite toy
2. Why is it your favorite
要求：
1. 包含所给信息，可适当发挥；
2. 内容连贯，逻辑通顺，表达清晰；
3. 不少于80词 (开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
Among all my toys, my favorite one is_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．Good morning!/Morning! 2．What were you doing at that time /What were you doing when it started to show 3．I was doing my homework/listening to music. 4．Did you go out to play in the snow 5．Good idea!/That sounds great!/That’s a good idea!
1．根据“Good morning!”可知，此处是问候语，也应回应对方“早上好”。故填Good morning!/Morning!
2．根据“It began to snow at eight last night”及“I was reading an interesting book”可知，此处是问对方那时正在做什么，时态为过去进行时。故填What were you doing at that time /What were you doing when it started to snow
3．根据“What about you”可知，此处是回答那时正在做的事情，可表达为“我正在做作业/听音乐”，时态用过去进行时。故填I was doing my homework/listening to music.
4．根据“Of course, we went out to play in the snow”可知，此处是一般疑问句，询问对方出去玩雪了吗，时态为一般过去时。故填Did you go out to play in the snow
5．根据“How about having a snowball fight this afternoon ”及“See you in the afternoon.”可知，此处是接受对方的提议，可表达为“好主意/听起来不错”。故填Good idea!/That sounds great!/That’s a good idea!
6．C 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．A
6．句意：“当我还是个孩子的时候，我没有钱买玩具。我经常从垃圾堆里捡玩具，”Nelson解释说。
cameras 相机；ships 船只；toys 玩具。根据后文“I often picked toys out of the rubbish”可以推断出Nelson小时候没钱买玩具。故选C。
7．句意：当他在纽约市作为清洁工时，他仍然这么做。
at在……地点； as作为……身份或角色；with带有，伴随。根据“he did the same”可知，Nelson作为清洁工时仍然保持捡东西的习惯。故选B。
8．句意：所以他建立了一个名为“垃圾中的宝藏”的博物馆。
set up建立；wrote down写下；gave out分发。根据“a museum named ‘Treasures in the Trash’”可以推断出Nelson建立了一个博物馆。故选A。
9．句意：一些访客甚至问Nelson是否他们能在其中购买物品。
before在……之前； whether是否；because因为 。根据“Some visitors even asked”可知，访客询问Nelson是否能够购买物品。故选B。
10．句意：为了让更多人意识到这个事迹，Heller制作了关于Nelson的短片。
forget忘记； realize意识到； explain解释。根据“He wanted to introduce the excellent”可知，Heller想让人们意识到Nelson的事迹。故选B。
11．句意：他想要向人们介绍优秀的榜样。
object目标； beauty美丽；example榜样。根据“excellent”可知，Heller想要介绍Nelson的事迹作为优秀的榜样。故选C。
12．句意：Nelson在电影中说：“我从未扔掉过任何有用的东西。我相信每个人都可以做类似的事情来减少浪费。”
common普通的；useful有用的；perfect 完美的。根据“I believe everyone can do something similar to reduce (减少) waste”可知，Nelson相信每个人都可以做类似的事情，这暗示了他不扔掉任何东西，因为每件东西都是有用的。故选B。
13．句意：“垃圾中的宝藏”博物馆讲述了城市和它的居民的故事，因为人们留下的东西可以反映他们的生活改变。
changing变化；ending结束；staying保持。根据“the things people left behind can reflect”可知，这些遗留下来的东西可以反映出人们的生活变化。故选A。
14．C 15．C 16．A 17．C 18．B
14．细节理解题。根据“There are glass beads (珠子) inside the toy. They make the toy heavier so that it can give people the feeling of being hugged.”可知，玩具里有玻璃珠是为了给人一种更好的感觉。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据“When we film short videos, it can be difficult, because we have to hold the phone in one hand. The Japanese company Fairy Devices has made a wearable device (设备). It can free your hands!”可知，这个设备是让人们释放双手来拍视频。故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据“Kara Pure uses the desiccant (干燥剂) to catch water from the air.”可知，Kara Pure是使用干燥剂来吸收空气中的水分。故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据“Other similar devices use refrigerants (制冷剂) to get water from the air, but it is noisy and bad for the environment.”可知，此处介绍的是Kara Pure和其他相似设备的差别。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据“New inventions can make people’s lives better. Let’s have a look at some of them!”及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了几种让人们生活更加美好的新发明，是属于科技类别。故选B。
19．B 20．C 21．A 22．C 23．B
19．细节理解题。根据第一段“because only his father worked in this family of seven.”可知，查理的家庭贫困是因为他们家有七个人，但是只有爸爸有工作。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据第三段“To his surprise, he got the last golden ticket in the chocolate. ”可知，查理得到金票是在第三段。故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“Charlie found some money on the road and used it to buy a chocolate”可知，查理在回家的路上找到了一些钱，并用它买了巧克力。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Five lucky children followed Mr. Wonka into the factory. ”可知，五名幸运的儿童跟着Mr. Wonka进入了工厂。故选C。
23．最佳标题题。根据第一段“Looking out of the widow, Charlie could see the world’s largest chocolate factory clearly. ”可知，查理往窗外看能够看到世界上最大的巧克力工厂。通读全文，文章讲述了查理和巧克力工厂的故事。故选B。
24．C 25．F 26．D 27．B 28．E
24．根据“For example, the New Taipei City Yingge Ceramics Museum is one of them.”可知，空处应是对博物馆进行整体介绍，选项C“中国有许多不同种类的大博物馆。”符合语境。故选C。
25．根据“At the museum, you can learn how ceramics were made and used in the past.”可知，空处是在陶瓷博物馆能有什么收获，选项F“你也可以看到陶瓷在当今世界和未来的重要性。”符合语境。故选F。
26．根据“Ceramics are used in many ways in our life. ”可知，空处是对陶瓷在生活中的用途进行举例，选项D“例如，它们被用于碗、盘子、电脑和汽车。”符合语境。故选D。
27．根据“And every art exhibition has a theme.”可知，空处是关于博物馆的艺术展览的内容，选项B“博物馆也有一些艺术展览。”符合语境。故选B。
28．根据“Take a piece of clay.”可知，空处是关于陶土的，选项E“然后你可以用陶土做一些漂亮或有趣的东西。”符合语境。故选E。
29．expect 30．funny 31．collect 32．poor 33．performances
29．根据第一段中的“People in the charity expect nothing in return when they help others.”可知人们提供帮助而不期望得到任何回报。故填expect。
30．根据第二段中的“On this day, people do something funny to raise money for people in need.”可知，人们做一些有趣的事情来为有需要的人筹款。故填funny。
31．根据第三段中的“These shops collect second-hand things and then sell them.”可知，这些商店搜集二手物品然后再把它们卖出去。故填collect。
32．根据第三段中的“Then they give the money to the poor in their community.”可知，他们把钱捐给他们社区的穷人。故填poor。
33．根据第四段中的“Many singers and musicians gave performances in the concerts to help the poor in Africa.”可知，许多歌手和音乐家在音乐会上表演来帮助非洲的穷人。故填performances。
34．42 students 35．When they are online 36．Because it can make people unable to understand the real meanings of the characters 37．Activities to stop the use of wrong Chinese characters 38．To make young people use Chinese characters rightly 39．Yes, I do. Because I think it’s interesting
34．根据“Recently, a school asked 70 students some questions about wrong Chinese characters.”和“60% of the students feel that they are different from others when they use wrong Chinese characters.”可知，70个学生中有60%认为，使用错误的汉字时，他们很特别，即有42个学生这样认为。故填42 students。
35．根据“70% of the students use wrong Chinese characters when they are online.”可知，在网上的时候，大多数学生使用错误的汉字。故填When they are online。
36．根据“The wrong use of Chinese characters on the Internet can make people unable to understand the real meanings of the characters”可知，人们应该停止使用错误汉字的原因是，汉字的错误使用会让人们不能理解汉字的真正意义。故填Because it can make people unable to understand the real meanings of the characters。
37．根据接下去的两段可知，这里讲的是一些停止使用错误汉字的活动。故填Activities to stop the use of wrong Chinese characters。
38．根据“They thought the activities could be helpful in making young people use Chinese characters rightly.”可知，这些活动的目的是为了让人们正确地使用汉字。故填To make young people use Chinese characters rightly。
39．我会在日常生活中使用错误的汉字，因为我觉得那很有趣。故填Yes, I do. Because I think it’s interesting。
40．is 41．with 42．what 43．them 44．importance
40．句意：学校对你来说是一个获得良好教育的好地方。根据“School...a good place for you to get a good education.”可知，本句是主系表结构，空处应用be动词，且本句表示事实，用一般现在时，主语为School，是单数，be动词用is。故填is。
41．句意：如果你不和同学好好相处，你可能会觉得孤单紧张。根据“If you don’t get on...your classmates, you may feel lonely and nervous.”可知，此处考查动词短语get on with sb.“和某人友好相处”，空处用介词with，后接your classmates作宾语。故填with。
42．句意：在你知道了原因之后，你应该做一些你应该做的事情来改变你自己。根据“After you know the reason, you should do...you should do to make a change in yourself.”可知，空处应用连接词引导宾语从句，结合语义，此处应用what“什么”。故填what。
43．句意：多与同学沟通，多与他们分享你的快乐和烦恼。根据“Communicate with classmates more and share your happiness and troubles with...”可知，with是介词，后接宾语，结合语义，此处代指同学，是第三人称复数，用人称代词宾格them。故填them。
44．句意：如果你经常喜欢玩，那可能是因为你还没有意识到学习的重要性。根据“If you like playing a lot, it may be because you haven’t realized the... of study.”可知，空前是冠词the，后接名词，结合语义，此处强调学习的重要性，用名词importance。故填importance。
45．large 46．happily 47．before 48．brought 49．to hide 50．deeper 51．forests 52．losing 53．record 54．his
45．句意：渡渡鸟是一种大鸟。此空缺少形容词修饰名词bird，备选词large“大的”符合，故填large。
46．句意：在1505年人类到来之前，它一直过着幸福而安全的生活。此空修饰动词lived，应填副词，备选词happy的副词happily符合，故填happily。
47．句意：在人类到达之前，毛里求斯没有哺乳动物。此空缺少连词连接前后两个句子，备选词before符合，故填before。
48．句意：他们希望这个岛更像他们的家，所以他们带来了猪、鸡、猫和其他动物。根据“wanted the island to be more like their homes, so they … pigs, chickens, cats and other animals”及备选词，希望这个岛像他们的家，所以带来了动物，bring“带来”，根据wanted可知，此句是一般过去时，故填brought。
49．句意：由于渡渡鸟不会飞，它们不能像其他鸟类那样把蛋藏在树上。根据“their eggs in trees”及备选词可知，此处指把蛋隐藏在树上，hide“隐藏”，be unable to do sth“不能做某事”，故填to hide。
50．句意：渡渡鸟不得不越来越深入森林去生存。根据“and deeper into the forests to live”可知，不得不深入到森林里生存，此空是比较级and比较级的结构，故填deeper。
51．句意：与此同时，人类砍伐森林开垦农田。根据“cut down …to make farmland”及备选词可知，砍伐森林开垦农田，此空应填复数形式，故填forests。
52．句意：渡渡鸟也失去了家园。根据“Dodos were …their homes too”及前文的描述可知，渡渡鸟正在失去它们的家园，lose“失去”，根据were可知，此空应填现在分词，故填losing。
53．句意：据说渡渡鸟的最后记录是在1662年。根据“the last … of a dodo was in 1662”及备选词可知，最后记录是在1662年，故填record。
54．句意：一个水手写道，他和他的朋友们得到了一只渡渡鸟。根据“he and… friends”可知，此处指他和他的朋友，修饰名词应填形容词性物主代词，故填his。
55．【详解】①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：本文应使用“一般过去时”为主；
③提示：写作要点应注意题干给出的“介绍自己最喜欢的玩具”并适当补充，使文章内容充实。
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