非谓语动词
第一部分：动词不定式
考点一：考查动词不定式短语作目的状语
1.（2024新课标I卷）The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
答案：to give
考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。
2.（2024九省联考卷）He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear.
答案: to stay
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他知道电脑会一直存在，不会消失。be here to stay是一个固定短语，表示“固定下来; 普遍认可; 成为风尚”。故填to stay。
3.（2024浙江1月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
答案: to benefit
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
4.（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
答案：to teach
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
5.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案: to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
6.（2022新课标II卷）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up __________ (see) them.
答案: to see
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
7.（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案: To strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
8.（2021新课标II卷）I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem.
答案: to educate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，__________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
9.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over __________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.
答案: to plant
【解析】考查非谓语动词。考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝 托德 华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
10.（2020全国I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 __________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
答案: to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
11.（2020全国III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known painter.
答案: to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
12.(2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology __________ (change)lives.
答案: to change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式作定语。故填to change。
考点二：考查动词不定式短语作定语
13.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案: to journey
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
14.（2022北京卷）As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention __________ (harm) her, Helen started to run.
答案: to harm
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
15.（2021北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need (invest) in disaster prevention.
答案: to invest
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明, 急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知, 此处表示未来的动作, 应用不定式, 作后置定语。故填to invest。
16. (2019·全国II卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
答案: to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth.作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
考点三：考查动词不定式短语作主语
17.（2021全国甲卷）It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
答案: to walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
18.（2020北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
答案: to break
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
考点四：考查动词不定式短语作宾语
19.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 61 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
答案: to catch
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。
20.（2023新课标I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
答案: to bite
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
21.（2023新课标I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
答案：to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
22.（2022新课标II卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________to thank him.”
答案: how
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
23.（2022浙江1月卷）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans __________ (continue) the practice.
答案: to continue
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
24.（2021全国乙卷）Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim __________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
答案: to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
考点五：考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语或状语
25.（2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___ (find) the connection between the two great writers.
答案: to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
26.（2022浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
答案: to do
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
27.（2020浙江1月卷）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase)to 42 by 2050.
答案: to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填to increase。
考点六：考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义
28.（2020全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy__________ (care) for and make great presents.
答案: to care
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
第二部分：动名词
考点一：考查动名词作介词宾语（有时该介词省略，属于隐形考查，难度增加）
1.（2023全国乙卷）As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered.
1.recording。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。
考点二：考查动名词作介词宾语（介词出现，显性考查，难度偏低）
2. (2022全国甲) I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not ___________(stay) out with my friends too late.
2. staying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。of为介词，后面的动词stay用动名词形式staying作宾语。故填staying。
3.（2021全国甲卷）After ___________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
3. spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
4.（2021全国乙卷）Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: Minimize the impact of ___________ (visit) the place.
4. visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
5.（2019全国III卷）If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
5.manage改为managing。
【解析】考查固定短语。succeed in doing something意为“成功做了某事”，是固定短语。故把manage改为managing。
6.（2019全国I卷）Scientists have responded by ___________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements.
6.noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
7.（2019全国II卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ___________ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
7.being
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
8.（2018全国I卷）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___________(die) early by running.
8.dying
【解析】考查动名词。介词of后跟动名词作宾语。
考点三：考查动名词作动词宾语
9.（2018全国III卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ___________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
9.looking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。第一空：avoid doing sth避免做某事。
10. (2017全国II)This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
10.laying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。include后接动名词作宾语，这里有三个动名词作并列宾语。故填laying。
考点四：考查动名词复合结构
11. (2020新课标) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ____________(walk) through a rainforest.
11. walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同作imagine的宾语，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
第三部分：现在分词
考点一：考查现在分词短语作伴随、时间状语（与句子谓语动词构成主动关系）
1.(2024新课标II卷)___64___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
1. Recalling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。
2.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
2.borrowing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
3.（2023全国乙卷） (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
3.Having visited
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。
4．（2023天津3月卷）________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.
A．Dating B．Being dated
C．To date D．To be dated
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪，距今已有200多年的历史。date back to“追溯到，始于”，其后接表示具体时间的名词，没有被动语态；根据句中已有谓语动词has，且无连词，可知此处要用非调语动词，此处是现在分词形式作状语。故选A。
5.（2022新课标I卷） ___________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
5. Covering
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
6.（2022全国甲卷）Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
6. planning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
7.（2022全国乙卷）To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
7. inviting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
8.（2021新课标II卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think)it is food.
8. thinking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，___________ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
9.（2021北京卷）From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ___________ (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.
9. resulting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。
考点二：考查现在分词短语作定语（表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作）
10.（2023新课标II卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 40 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
10.visiting。
解析：考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。
111．（2023天津6月卷）The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China.
A．originating B．originated
C．being originated D．having originated
11. A
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫博物院收藏了世界上最精美的钟表，主要来自欧洲和中国。句中有谓语has，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰fine clocks，且动词originate(源于)和fine clocks是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故选A。
12（2022新课标II卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___________ (fall) child.
12. falling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
13.（2022浙江卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their ___________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ___________ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
13. existing, sighted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉 斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。
形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填existing, sighted。
14（2021新课标I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________ (ache) legs.
14. aching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。修饰legs用现在分词aching，表示主动和进行的动作。故填aching。
15.（2021浙江1月卷）This may be due to some disadvantages for people ___________ (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
15.living
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。结合语境空白处需要一个现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。故填living。
考点三：考查现在分词短语作宾语补足语（与句子宾语之间构成主动关系）
16.（2023新课标I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ___________ (want) more next time.
16.wanting
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
17.（2020全国III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds, ___________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
17. surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds ___________ (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
第四部分：过去分词
考点一：考查过去分词短语作定语（与被修饰名词构成被动关系）
1.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
答案: inspired
考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
2.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs __________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
答案: designed
考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
3.（2023新课标I卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
答案:recognized
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
4.（2023全国甲卷）Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 66 (intend) for everyone.
答案：intended。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
5.（2023全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads.
答案：built。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
6．(2023天津3月卷)_________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
A．Trying B．Tried
C．Having tried D．Having been tried
答案: C
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在两个月的时间里，这位工程师对设计尝试了几次调整，最终成功地构建了一个高效的系统。本句谓语为succeeded，此处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语the engineer与try“尝试”为主动关系，且此处强调动作try发生在谓语succeeded之前，应用现在分词的完成式having tried，作状语。故选A。
7．(2023天津3月卷)The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public.
A．posting B．to post
C．posted D．to be posted
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词、句意：这位英雄的感人故事被张贴在网上，已经吸引了成千上万的“赞”和数百条公众评论。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。post 和名词story 是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故选C。
8.（2023浙江1月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
答案：surrounded。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
9.（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
10.（2021浙江卷1月）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
答案：studied
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。
11.（2021北京卷）There have been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, ________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
答案：caused
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。
12.（2020北京卷）A piece of stone __________ (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
答案：found
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。
考点二：考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语（与宾语之间构成被动关系）
13.（2021新课标I卷）But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________（astonish）.
答案：astonished
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容词,表示人"吃惊的",故填astonished.
14（2020全国II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
答案：decorated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
考点三：考查过去分词短语作表语（多表示“感到……”）
15.（2024新课标I卷）These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
答案：closed
考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。
16.（2021全国II卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
答案：excited
解析：考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
考点四：考查过去分词短语作插入语
17.（2020浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________ (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
答案：compared
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。Compare与old generation之间表示被动关系，故填compared。非谓语动词
第一部分：动词不定式
考点一：考查动词不定式短语作目的状语
1.（2024新课标I卷）The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2.（2024九省联考卷）He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear.
3.（2024浙江1月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
4.（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
5.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
6.（2022新课标II卷）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up __________ (see) them.
7.（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
8.（2021新课标II卷）I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem.
9.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over __________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.
10.（2020全国I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 __________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
11.（2020全国III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known painter.
12.(2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology __________ (change)lives.
考点二：考查动词不定式短语作定语
13.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
14.（2022北京卷）As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention __________ (harm) her, Helen started to run.
15.（2021北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need (invest) in disaster prevention.
16. (2019·全国II卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
考点三：考查动词不定式短语作主语
17.（2021全国甲卷）It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
18.（2020北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
考点四：考查动词不定式短语作宾语
19.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 61 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
20.（2023新课标I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
21.（2023新课标I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
22.（2022新课标II卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________to thank him.”
23.（2022浙江1月卷）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans __________ (continue) the practice.
24.（2021全国乙卷）Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim __________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
考点五：考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语或状语
25.（2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___ (find) the connection between the two great writers.
26.（2022浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
27.（2020浙江1月卷）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase)to 42 by 2050.
考点六：考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义
28.（2020全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy__________ (care) for and make great presents.
第二部分：动名词
考点一：考查动名词作介词宾语（有时该介词省略，属于隐形考查，难度增加）
1.（2023全国乙卷）As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered.
考点二：考查动名词作介词宾语（介词出现，显性考查，难度偏低）
2. (2022全国甲) I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not ___________(stay) out with my friends too late.
3.（2021全国甲卷）After ___________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
4.（2021全国乙卷）Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: Minimize the impact of ___________ (visit) the place.
5.（2019全国III卷）If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
6.（2019全国I卷）Scientists have responded by ___________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements.
7.（2019全国II卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ___________ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
8.（2018全国I卷）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___________(die) early by running.
考点三：考查动名词作动词宾语
9.（2018全国III卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ___________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
10. (2017全国II)This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
考点四：考查动名词复合结构
11. (2020新课标) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ____________(walk) through a rainforest.
第三部分：现在分词
考点一：考查现在分词短语作伴随、时间状语（与句子谓语动词构成主动关系）
1.(2024新课标II卷)___64___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
2.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
3.（2023全国乙卷） (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
4．（2023天津3月卷）________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.
A．Dating B．Being dated
C．To date D．To be dated
5.（2022新课标I卷） ___________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
6.（2022全国甲卷）Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
7.（2022全国乙卷）To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
8.（2021新课标II卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think)it is food.
9.（2021北京卷）From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ___________ (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.
考点二：考查现在分词短语作定语（表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作）
10.（2023新课标II卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 40 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
111．（2023天津6月卷）The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China.
A．originating B．originated
C．being originated D．having originated
12（2022新课标II卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___________ (fall) child.
13.（2022浙江卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their ___________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ___________ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
14（2021新课标I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________ (ache) legs.
15.（2021浙江1月卷）This may be due to some disadvantages for people ___________ (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
考点三：考查现在分词短语作宾语补足语（与句子宾语之间构成主动关系）
16.（2023新课标I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ___________ (want) more next time.
17.（2020全国III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds, ___________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
第四部分：过去分词
考点一：考查过去分词短语作定语（与被修饰名词构成被动关系）
1.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
2.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs __________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
3.（2023新课标I卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
4.（2023全国甲卷）Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 66 (intend) for everyone.
5.（2023全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads.
6．(2023天津3月卷)_________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
A．Trying B．Tried
C．Having tried D．Having been tried
7．(2023天津3月卷)The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public.
A．posting B．to post
C．posted D．to be posted
8.（2023浙江1月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
9.（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
10.（2021浙江卷1月）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
11.（2021北京卷）There have been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, ________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
12.（2020北京卷）A piece of stone __________ (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
考点二：考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语（与宾语之间构成被动关系）
13.（2021新课标I卷）But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________（astonish）.
14（2020全国II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
考点三：考查过去分词短语作表语（多表示“感到……”）
15.（2024新课标I卷）These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
16.（2021全国II卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
考点四：考查过去分词短语作插入语
17.（2020浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________ (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population

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