/ 让教学更有效 精品试卷 | 英语学科
Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习
语言能力 阅读和理解描述科学与技术的相关文章，学会根据时间线梳理文本。
学习能力 学会用scan阅读策略。
思维品质 培养学生逻辑思维能力
文化意识 了解霍乱的故事，增强对科学家及医护人员的钦佩之情。
一、单词拼写
1． The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire　 　(让....离开）tony for the rest of the night.
2． No one doubted his ability, his industry of his　 　(正直）
3． The company, consisting of three factories,　 　(宣告） bankruptcy yesterday because of the financial crisis.
4． It was clear that all the evidence we collected proved that he was　 　(有罪的）
5． Please inform me in advance if you have to cancel our　 　(约会）
6． We do this because we believe in the　 　(尊严）and value of every person.
7． Tom is exploring his fancy ideas in science 　 　(小说）
8． Her ideas once seemed reasonable, but now they turn out to be　 　(荒谬的）。
9． The old system was fairly complicated　 　(然而）the new system is relatively simple.
10． as an added　 　(意外收获）,it's close to the main train station.
二、语法填空
11． We need to cover all of these situations before 　 　(declare) our work finished.
12． My new boss gave me the most difficult clients to deal with. I felt he was really testing me　 　 to see if I would cope.
13． According to the new evidence, the saleswoman was declared　 　(guilt) of murder.
14． The boy　 　(appoint) as captain of the English team.
15． Faced with the present crisis, it is ridiculous　 　(imagine) that the recovery would be quick and easy.
16． The two　 　(saleswoman) were busily trying to serve customers.
17． The government　 　(dismiss) criticism that the country's health policy is a mess.
18． You are allowed an hour　 　(complete) the test.
19． The scientist is strongly against the proposal to experiment　 　 animals.
20． the cat,　 　(suspend) from the ceiling, nearly scared him to death when he opened the door.
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A
scientist 21． several monkeys in order to study animal
psychology. He took a glass bottle, 22． its cork (瓶塞)
and put two peanuts inside it. The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were
easily seen from the outside. He then passed the bottle to a monkey, who shook
it 23． for a long while and was able to get the
peanuts when they 24． fell out. The scientist then put some peanuts
into the bottle again 25． he had done before and showed the monkey that
it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. 26． the monkey always ignored his 27． .
Each time it just shook the bottle frantically, with great 28． but without necessarily achieving 29． result.
Now
th
e question is why the
monkey was unable to understand 30． the scientist instructs. 31． because all its attentions was focused on the
peanuts. Instead, it must take its eyes off the peanuts and quickly 32． its
attention to the 33． movement of the scientist and the way the
bottle was turned upside down. To achieve this, it had to calm down and not be 34． by the impulse (诱惑)
of its appetite. Yet the monkey was not able to understand this. It is the
instance like this that reveals the monkey's some psychology is just like 35． of human beings.
21．A．kept B．rose C．fed D．caught
22．A．moving B．removed C．discovered D．covered
23．A．happily B．anxiously C．hurriedly D．instantly
24．A．suddenly B．accidentally C．occasionally D．quickly
25．A．as B．that C．what D．until
26．A．But B．When C．Therefore D．Thus
27．A．directions B．explanations C．performances D．instructions
28．A．effort B．strength C．power D．force
29．A．expecting B．interesting C．satisfying D．desired
30．A．what B．how C．why D．which
31．A．Probably B．Likely C．Simply D．Nearly
32．A．put B．send C．pay D．shift
33．A．gesture B．mouth C．hand D．eye
34．A．taken away B．taken off C．taken over D．taken on
35．A．that B．the C．those D．this
四、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Being blind at birth is tough in any case. But things were even harder for Srikanth Bolla who was born in
a small village in India, where the common belief was that kids with disabilities
were "of no use" and therefore, better off dead. Fortunately, Srikanth's parents loved their son and refused to
give him up. Instead, they
encouraged the blind boy to dream big and reach for the stars.
Srikanth did not disappoint his parents. The now twenty-seven-year-old is the founder and CEO of Bollant
Industries.
Of course, getting here was not easy. Being both blind and poor meant that Srikanth had to face hard
challenges. As a young boy,
Srikanth attended a regular school near his home. Unfortunately, the students and teachers didn't quite like him
because of his disability. As a result,
the young boy was largely ignored and often spent the entire day alone.
Concerned this would hold back Srikanth's development, his family
decided to send him to a special school in Hyderabad. Sure enough, the young boy soon rose to the top of his class,
winning awards in speech and debate competitions. But Srikanth was prevented from studying sciences when he reached
the 10th grade, because it was thought too "dangerous" for a blind student. Not wanting
to give up, Srikanth took legal action and became the first blind student in the
country allowed to study sciences.
Later, after graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Srikanth set up Bollant Industries in 2012. For just four years, it became a powerhouse with over 450 employees,
70% of whom are physically challenged.
Being disabled doesn't mean being unable. "If the world looks at me and says, 'Srikanth, you can do nothing. ' I will look back at the world and say, 'I can do anything. '" the young man
says.
36．Why was Srikanth sent to a special school
A．His parents became richer than before.
B．He could be treated equally there.
C．This school was free for disabled students.
D．He was sent away by the regular school.
37．What can we know about Srikanth from the text
A．He was born in a poor village.
B．He cared about disabled people.
C．His parents were strict with him in his study.
D．He was loved by the villagers when he was young.
38．What words can best describe Srikanth
A．Intelligent and determined. B．Active and honest.
C．Patient and careful. D．Kind but stubborn.
39．What can be the best title for the text
A．Chances Are Everywhere
B．No Challenges, No Success
C．A Big Dream Makes a Difference
D．Disability Doesn't Mean Being Unable
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项
（A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。
Andrew
Grey doesn't fit most people's idea of an astronomer. He works in a car repair
shop, not in a lab or university, yet the Australian repairman discovered a
star system hiding in data from NASA's Kepler space 26 telescope.
Mr.
Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand
collective understanding. For centuries, only a few ordinary people had been
contributing to science, but advances in technology have brought a higher level
of democratization (民主化) to science.
"This
is a collaborative (合作的) effort that anyone
could get involved in," says Chris Lincoln, an Oxford University
astrophysicist (天体物理学家) and cofounder of Zooniverse, a
platform that hosts dozens of citizen science projects. Citizen scientists can
contribute to breakthroughs in almost any field, from ecology to astrophysics.
"As
long as pattern recognition is involved, there are no limits to what can become
a citizen science project," Dr. Linton says. "Anyone can identify
patterns in images, graphs, or even seemingly boring data after a short
tutorial. Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition. But
humans, particularly amateur scientists, don't stay focused on what they're
supposed to. And that's good, because people who do that notice the unusual
things in s data set.
"And
citizen science doesn't have to be directed by a scientist," says Sheila
Jasanoff, director of the Program on Science, Technology and Society at Harvard
University. "Citizens producing knowledge in places where official organs
have failed then can also be citizen scientists," she says. That's what
happened in Flint, Michigan, when a local mother started drinking water tests
that caused a broader investigation of lead levels.
Citizen-powered
research is as old as scientific inquiry. For centuries before science became
professionalized, regular people looked for patterns in the world around them.
Despite a lot of advanced equipment and computer models, scientists still
welcome help from everyday people.
As
a professional scientist himself, Lintott says, "People think that were
intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help."
40．What made citizen scientists appear
A．The high level of science projects B．The development of technology.
C．The support of the government. D．The foundation of Zooniverse.
41．What is a human advantage in pattern recognition compared with machines
A．Humans can identify patterns mare swiftly.
B．Humans focus their attention on data.
C．Humans can observe uncommon things.
D．Humans have stronger emotions.
42．What is Lincon's attitude towards citizen science
A．Favorable. B．Cautious. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.
43．What would be the best title of the text
A．Citizen scientists can be intelligent.
B．Science is important to everyone.
C．Anyone can be a scientist.
D．Science is everywhere.
()/ 让教学更有效 精品试卷 | 英语学科
Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习
语言能力 阅读和理解描述科学与技术的相关文章，学会根据时间线梳理文本。
学习能力 学会用scan阅读策略。
思维品质 培养学生逻辑思维能力
文化意识 了解霍乱的故事，增强对科学家及医护人员的钦佩之情。
一、单词拼写
1． The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire　 　(让....离开）tony for the rest of the night.
【答案】dismissed
【解析】【分析】句意：客人们很快就要到了，克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作。根据句意和汉语提示，应用动词 dismiss ，此处是谓语动词，结合 The guests would be arriving soon 的时态是过去将来时，可推知此处是一般过去时，故填 dismissed 。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
2． No one doubted his ability, his industry of his　 　(正直）
【答案】integrity
【解析】【分析】句意：没有人怀疑他的能力、勤奋和正直。根据句意和汉语提示。应用名词 integrity ，不可数，与 his ability, his industry并列，作宾语，故填 integrity 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
3． The company, consisting of three factories,　 　(宣告） bankruptcy yesterday because of the financial crisis.
【答案】declare
【解析】【分析】句意：由于金融危机，这家由三家工厂组成的公司昨天宣布破产。根据句意和汉语提示，应用动词 declare ，此处是谓语动词，结合时间状语 yesterday ，可知应用一般过去时，故填 declared。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
4． It was clear that all the evidence we collected proved that he was　 　(有罪的）
【答案】guilty
【解析】【分析】句意：很明显，我们收集的所有证据都证明他有罪。根据句意和汉语提示，应用形容词 guilty ，此处作表语，故填 guilty 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
5． Please inform me in advance if you have to cancel our　 　(约会）
【答案】appointment
【解析】【分析】句意：如果你必须取消我们的预约，请提前通知我。根据句意和汉语提示，应用名词 appointment ，不可数，此处作宾语，故填 appointment 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
6． We do this because we believe in the　 　(尊严）and value of every person.
【答案】dignity
【解析】【分析】句意：我们这样做是因为我们相信每个人的尊严和价值。根据句意和汉语提示，应用名词 dignity ，不可数，此处作宾语，故填 dignity 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
7． Tom is exploring his fancy ideas in science 　 　(小说）
【答案】fiction
【解析】【分析】句意：汤姆正在探索他在科幻小说中的奇思妙想。根据句意和汉语提示，应用名词 fiction 。此处作介词宾语，故填 fiction 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
8． Her ideas once seemed reasonable, but now they turn out to be　 　(荒谬的）。
【答案】absurd
【解析】【分析】句意：她的想法曾经看似合理，但现在却变得荒谬。根据句意和汉语提示，应用形容词 absurd ，此处作表语，故填 absurd 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
9． The old system was fairly complicated　 　(然而）the new system is relatively simple.
【答案】whereas
【解析】【分析】句意：旧系统相当复杂，而新系统相对简单。根据句意和汉语提示，应用副词 whereas ，表转折，故填 whereas 。
【点评】考查副词，掌握 whereas 的应用。
10． as an added　 　(意外收获）,it's close to the main train station.
【答案】Bonus
【解析】【分析】句意：作为额外的奖励，它靠近火车总站。根据句意和汉语提示，应用名词bonus ，此处名词作介词宾语，不定冠词后接单数名词，故填bonus。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
二、语法填空
11． We need to cover all of these situations before 　 　(declare) our work finished.
【答案】declaring
【解析】【分析】句意：在宣布我们的工作完成之前，我们需要涵盖所有这些情况。此空位于介词 before 之后，应用动名词，作宾语，故填 declaring 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作介词宾语。
12． My new boss gave me the most difficult clients to deal with. I felt he was really testing me　 　 to see if I would cope.
【答案】out
【解析】【分析】句意：我的新老板给了我最难处理的客户。我觉得他真的在考验我，看我是否能应付。test out固定短语，"测试，测验"，故填 out 。
【点评】考查副词，以及固定短语test out。
13． According to the new evidence, the saleswoman was declared　 　(guilt) of murder.
【答案】guilty
【解析】【分析】句意：根据新的证据，女售货员被宣布犯有谋杀罪。此处形容词作主语补足语。 guilt "罪"，名词，其形容词"犯罪的，有罪的"，应用 guilty ，故填 guilty 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作补足语。
14． The boy　 　(appoint) as captain of the English team.
【答案】was appointed
【解析】【分析】句意：这个男孩被任命为英国队队长。此处是谓语动词，与主语 The boy 是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合句意应用一般过去时，故填 was appointed 。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及一般过去时的被动语态。
15． Faced with the present crisis, it is ridiculous　 　(imagine) that the recovery would be quick and easy.
【答案】to imagine
【解析】【分析】句意：面对当前的危机，想象复苏会很快很容易是荒谬的。此句it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，故填 to imagine 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作主语。
16． The two　 　(saleswoman) were busily trying to serve customers.
【答案】saleswomen
【解析】【分析】句意：这两位女售货员正忙着为顾客服务。此处名词作主语，结合空前的two，可知应用复数名词，故填 saleswomen 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
17． The government　 　(dismiss) criticism that the country's health policy is a mess.
【答案】has dismissed
【解析】【分析】句意：政府驳斥了有关该国卫生政策一团糟的批评。此处是谓语动词，结合同位语从句 that the country's health policy is a mess 的时态，可推知此处应用现在完成时，故填 has dismissed 。
【点评】考查时态和主谓一致，本题涉及现在完成时和第三人称单数。
18． You are allowed an hour　 　(complete) the test.
【答案】to complete
【解析】【分析】句意：你有一个小时的时间完成测试。be allowed to do固定短语，"被允许做......"，不定式作补语，故填 to complete 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作补语以及固定短语be allowed to do
19． The scientist is strongly against the proposal to experiment　 　 animals.
【答案】on
【解析】【分析】句意：科学家强烈反对用动物做实验的建议。experiment on固定短语，"用……作试验"，故填on。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语experiment on。
20． the cat,　 　(suspend) from the ceiling, nearly scared him to death when he opened the door.
【答案】Suspended
【解析】【分析】句意：在他开门时吊在天花板上的猫差点把他吓死。分析句子可知，suspend作为非谓语动词使用，cat承受suspend的动作，因此填入它的过去分词表示被动意义，过去分词短语suspended from the ceiling作后置定语修饰cat。故填suspended。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作定语。
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A
scientist 21． several monkeys in order to study animal
psychology. He took a glass bottle, 22． its cork (瓶塞)
and put two peanuts inside it. The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were
easily seen from the outside. He then passed the bottle to a monkey, who shook
it 23． for a long while and was able to get the
peanuts when they 24． fell out. The scientist then put some peanuts
into the bottle again 25． he had done before and showed the monkey that
it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. 26． the monkey always ignored his 27． .
Each time it just shook the bottle frantically, with great 28． but without necessarily achieving 29． result.
Now
th
e question is why the
monkey was unable to understand 30． the scientist instructs. 31． because all its attentions was focused on the
peanuts. Instead, it must take its eyes off the peanuts and quickly 32． its
attention to the 33． movement of the scientist and the way the
bottle was turned upside down. To achieve this, it had to calm down and not be 34． by the impulse (诱惑)
of its appetite. Yet the monkey was not able to understand this. It is the
instance like this that reveals the monkey's some psychology is just like 35． of human beings.
21．A．kept B．rose C．fed D．caught
22．A．moving B．removed C．discovered D．covered
23．A．happily B．anxiously C．hurriedly D．instantly
24．A．suddenly B．accidentally C．occasionally D．quickly
25．A．as B．that C．what D．until
26．A．But B．When C．Therefore D．Thus
27．A．directions B．explanations C．performances D．instructions
28．A．effort B．strength C．power D．force
29．A．expecting B．interesting C．satisfying D．desired
30．A．what B．how C．why D．which
31．A．Probably B．Likely C．Simply D．Nearly
32．A．put B．send C．pay D．shift
33．A．gesture B．mouth C．hand D．eye
34．A．taken away B．taken off C．taken over D．taken on
35．A．that B．the C．those D．this
【答案】21．A；22．B；23．B；24．B；25．A；26．A；27．D；28．A；29．D；30．A；31．C；32．D；33．C；34．C；35．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为了研究动物心理，一位科学家养了几只猴子做实验，发现猴子与人类的心理有相似之处。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，连词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：为了研究动物心理学，一位科学家养了几只猴子。A. kept“喂养”；B. rose“上升”；C. fed“喂食”；D. caught“抓住”。根据空后“in order to study animal psychology”可知，此处表示一位科学家养了几只猴子来研究动物心理学。故选A。
22．句意：他拿来一个玻璃瓶，去掉瓶塞，并且放了两粒花生米在里面。A. moving“移动”；B. removed“去除”；C. discovered“发现”；D. covered“覆盖”。根据空后 “put two peanuts inside it”可知，此处表示去除瓶塞。故选B。
23．句意：然后他把瓶子递给一只猴子，猴子焦急地摇了很久，当花生不小心掉出来时，它才把花生拿了出来。A. happily“快乐地”；B. anxiously“焦急地”；C. hurriedly“匆忙地”；D. instantl“立刻”。根据下文“Each time it just shook the bottle frantically”可知，此处表示猴子很焦急地摇晃。故选B。
24．句意：然后他把瓶子递给一只猴子，猴子焦急地摇了很久，当花生不小心掉出来时，它才把花生拿了出来。A. suddenly“突然”；B. accidentally“偶然”；C. occasionally“偶尔”；D. quickly“快速”。根据下文可知，此处表示花生是在猴子焦急地摇晃瓶子中偶然掉了出来。故选B。
25．句意：然后，科学家像之前做的那样又把一些花生放进瓶子里，并告诉猴子，只要把瓶子倒过来，花生就会掉出来。A. as“像”；B. that“那个”；C. what“什么”；D. until“直到”。根据空后“he had done before”可知，此处指科学家像他之前做的一样把花生放进瓶子里。故选A。
26．句意：但是猴子总是无视他的指示。A. But“但是”；B. When“当……的时候”；C. Therefore“因此”；D. Thus“因此”。根据下文“Each time it just shook the bottle frantically, with great 8 but without necessarily achieving the 9 result.”可知，猴子并没有听从科学家的指导。故选A。
27．句意：但是猴子总是无视他的指示。A. directions“方向”；B. explanations“解释”；C. performances“表现”；D. instructions“指示”。根据上文描述以及下文 “Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand 10 the scientist instructed.”可知，此处表示不听科学家的指示，故选D。
28．句意：每次它只是疯狂地摇晃瓶子，费了很大的劲，却不一定达到预期的效果。A. effort“努力”；B. strength“力量”；C. power“权力”；D. force“力量”。根据上文“Each time it just shook the bottle frantically”可知，猴子费了很大努力。故选A。
29．句意：每次它只是疯狂地摇晃瓶子，费了很大的劲，却不一定达到预期的效果。A. expected“预料”；B. interesting“有趣的”；C. satisfying“满意的”；D. desired“渴望的”。根据上文可知，此处表示猴子不听从科学家的指示，不一定得到想要的结果。故选D。
30．句意：现在的问题是为什么猴子不能理解科学家的指示。A. what“什么”；B. how“如何”；C. why“为什么”；D. which“哪一个”。分析句子结构可知，此处是宾语从句；从句缺少宾语，应用what引导。故选A。
31．句意：只是因为它的注意力都集中在花生上。A. Probably“可能地”；B. Likely“可能地”；C. Simply“仅仅”；D. Nearly“将近，差不多”。根据上下文意，可知此处表示“只是，仅仅是”。故选C。
32．句意：相反，它必须把它的眼睛从花生上移开，迅速地把注意力转移到科学家的手的动作和瓶子被倒置的方式上。A. put“放置”；B. send“发送”；C. pay“支付”；D. shift“转换”。根据空前“it must take its eyes off the peanuts”可知，此处表示迅速将注意力转移到科学家的动作和瓶子倒过来的方式上。故选D。
33．句意：相反，它必须把它的眼睛从花生上移开，迅速地把注意力转移到科学家的手的动作和瓶子被倒置的方式上。A. gesture“手势”；B. mouth“嘴”；C. hand“手”；D. eye“眼”。根据上文“The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again 5 he had done before and showed the monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out.”可知，此处表示手部动作。故选C。
34．句意：为了实现这一目标，它必须冷静下来，不被欲望的冲动所控制。A. taken away“带走”；B. taken off“起飞”；C. taken over“接管”；D. taken on“从事”。根据下文“by the impulse (诱惑) of its appetite”可知，它必须冷静下来，不要被食欲控制。故选C。
35．句意：正是这样的一个例子，揭示了猴子的某些和人类一样的心理。A. that“那个”；B. the“那”；C. those“那些”；D. this“这”。此处用that指代上文名词psychology。故选A。
四、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Being blind at birth is tough in any case. But things were even harder for Srikanth Bolla who was born in
a small village in India, where the common belief was that kids with disabilities
were "of no use" and therefore, better off dead. Fortunately, Srikanth's parents loved their son and refused to
give him up. Instead, they
encouraged the blind boy to dream big and reach for the stars.
Srikanth did not disappoint his parents. The now twenty-seven-year-old is the founder and CEO of Bollant
Industries.
Of course, getting here was not easy. Being both blind and poor meant that Srikanth had to face hard
challenges. As a young boy,
Srikanth attended a regular school near his home. Unfortunately, the students and teachers didn't quite like him
because of his disability. As a result,
the young boy was largely ignored and often spent the entire day alone.
Concerned this would hold back Srikanth's development, his family
decided to send him to a special school in Hyderabad. Sure enough, the young boy soon rose to the top of his class,
winning awards in speech and debate competitions. But Srikanth was prevented from studying sciences when he reached
the 10th grade, because it was thought too "dangerous" for a blind student. Not wanting
to give up, Srikanth took legal action and became the first blind student in the
country allowed to study sciences.
Later, after graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Srikanth set up Bollant Industries in 2012. For just four years, it became a powerhouse with over 450 employees,
70% of whom are physically challenged.
Being disabled doesn't mean being unable. "If the world looks at me and says, 'Srikanth, you can do nothing. ' I will look back at the world and say, 'I can do anything. '" the young man
says.
36．Why was Srikanth sent to a special school
A．His parents became richer than before.
B．He could be treated equally there.
C．This school was free for disabled students.
D．He was sent away by the regular school.
37．What can we know about Srikanth from the text
A．He was born in a poor village.
B．He cared about disabled people.
C．His parents were strict with him in his study.
D．He was loved by the villagers when he was young.
38．What words can best describe Srikanth
A．Intelligent and determined. B．Active and honest.
C．Patient and careful. D．Kind but stubborn.
39．What can be the best title for the text
A．Chances Are Everywhere
B．No Challenges, No Success
C．A Big Dream Makes a Difference
D．Disability Doesn't Mean Being Unable
【答案】36．B
37．B
38．A
39．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。Srikanth Bolla出生在印度一个村庄，他生下来就是盲人，虽然那里的人都认为残疾人没用，但是他的父母没有放弃他，反而努力培养他，最终他于2012年成立了以残疾人为主的Bollant Industries。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
36．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Unfortunately, the students and teachers didn't quite like him because of his disability. As a result, the young boy was largely ignored and often spent the entire day alone. "不幸的是，由于他的残疾，学生和老师都不太喜欢他。结果，这个小男孩在很大程度上被忽视了，常常一个人呆了一整天；以及第四段中的"Concerned this would hold back Srikanth's development, his family decided to send him to a special school in Hyderabad. "考虑到这会阻碍Srikanth的发展，他的家人决定把他送到海得拉巴的一所特殊学校。可知，在普通学校，老师和学生不喜欢Srikanth，父母担心这会影响Srikanth的成长，决定把他送到特殊学校。可推知，在特殊学校，Srikanth Bolla可以得到公平的对待。故选B。
37．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“ For just four years, it became a powerhouse with over 450 employees, 70% of whom are physically challenged.”仅仅四年时间，它就成为了一个拥有450多名员工的发电厂，其中70%的员工都有身体障碍。可推知，Srikanth Bolla是关心残疾人的；以及第一段中的"who was born in a small village"可知他出生在一个小村庄，故选B。
38．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Sure enough，the young boy soon rose to the top of his class，winning awards in speech and debate competitions. "果然，这个小男孩很快就升到了班上的第一名，在演讲和辩论比赛中获奖。可知，Srikanth Bolla是很聪明的；第四段中的"Not wanting to give up，Srikanth took legal action and became the first blind student in the country allowed to study sciences. "不想放弃，斯里坎思采取了法律行动，成为该国第一个被允许学习科学的盲人学生。可知，Srikanth Bolla不被允许上科学课。他不想放弃，于是运用法律手段成了他们国家第一个上科学课的盲人学生，所以Srikanth Bolla是意志坚定的。故选A。
39．考查主旨大意。文章一开始讲述Srikanth Bolla出生地的人认为残疾就是无用的，文章中间段落讲述他父母对他的培养以及他自己的努力，最终没有让父母失望，还成立了自己的公司。所以本文主要讲"残疾并不意味着无能"，故选D。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项
（A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。
Andrew
Grey doesn't fit most people's idea of an astronomer. He works in a car repair
shop, not in a lab or university, yet the Australian repairman discovered a
star system hiding in data from NASA's Kepler space 26 telescope.
Mr.
Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand
collective understanding. For centuries, only a few ordinary people had been
contributing to science, but advances in technology have brought a higher level
of democratization (民主化) to science.
"This
is a collaborative (合作的) effort that anyone
could get involved in," says Chris Lincoln, an Oxford University
astrophysicist (天体物理学家) and cofounder of Zooniverse, a
platform that hosts dozens of citizen science projects. Citizen scientists can
contribute to breakthroughs in almost any field, from ecology to astrophysics.
"As
long as pattern recognition is involved, there are no limits to what can become
a citizen science project," Dr. Linton says. "Anyone can identify
patterns in images, graphs, or even seemingly boring data after a short
tutorial. Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition. But
humans, particularly amateur scientists, don't stay focused on what they're
supposed to. And that's good, because people who do that notice the unusual
things in s data set.
"And
citizen science doesn't have to be directed by a scientist," says Sheila
Jasanoff, director of the Program on Science, Technology and Society at Harvard
University. "Citizens producing knowledge in places where official organs
have failed then can also be citizen scientists," she says. That's what
happened in Flint, Michigan, when a local mother started drinking water tests
that caused a broader investigation of lead levels.
Citizen-powered
research is as old as scientific inquiry. For centuries before science became
professionalized, regular people looked for patterns in the world around them.
Despite a lot of advanced equipment and computer models, scientists still
welcome help from everyday people.
As
a professional scientist himself, Lintott says, "People think that were
intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help."
40．What made citizen scientists appear
A．The high level of science projects B．The development of technology.
C．The support of the government. D．The foundation of Zooniverse.
41．What is a human advantage in pattern recognition compared with machines
A．Humans can identify patterns mare swiftly.
B．Humans focus their attention on data.
C．Humans can observe uncommon things.
D．Humans have stronger emotions.
42．What is Lincon's attitude towards citizen science
A．Favorable. B．Cautious. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.
43．What would be the best title of the text
A．Citizen scientists can be intelligent.
B．Science is important to everyone.
C．Anyone can be a scientist.
D．Science is everywhere.
【答案】40．B
41．C
42．A
43．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了这样的观点：科学研究并不专属于科学家，平民科学家对科学研究也有很大的帮助。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ For centuries, only a few ordinary people had been contributing to science, but advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization to science.”几个世纪以来，只有少数普通人对科学作出了贡献，但技术的进步使科学的民主化程度提高了。可知，由于科技的发展使得科学趋于民主化，更多的平民才能接触到科学。故选B。
41．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的 Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition. But humans, particularly amateur scientists, don't stay focused on what they're supposed to. And that's good, because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set.”机器学习允许计算机进行一些模式识别。但是人类，尤其是业余科学家，不会专注于他们应该做的事情。这很好，因为这样做的人会注意到数据集中不寻常的东西。可推知，和机器相比，人更能注意到数据里一些特殊的东西。故选C。
42．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ As a professional scientist himself, Lintott says, ‘People think that we're intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help”作为一名专业的科学家，Lintott说:“人们认为我们很聪明，但是科学很简单，我们需要你的帮助。”可推知，Lintott认为科学家需要这些平民科学家的帮助，因此Lintott对平民科学是非常赞同的。故选A。
43．考查主旨大意。第一段通过对Andrew Grey这位平民科学家的介绍来引出全文；第二段中的“ Mr. Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding.”说明这样的平民科学家目前有很多；第五段中的 “And citizen science doesn't have to be directed by a scientist ”说明想成为平民科学家并不难。再通过下文中“regular people, help from everyday people, science is easy”这些字眼可判断，文章主要讲述了普通人也可以研究科学，成为科学家，“任何人都可以成为科学家。”很好地概括了全文的主旨大意。故选C。
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