专题05 完形填空
一、完形填空
（2024·全国甲卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the 1． to help my grandmother wash dishes. 2． my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWI, my grandmother 3． an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to 4． . Like in typical families, where boys were 5． much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do 6． . The only opportunity(机会)she could seize to 7． was when her brother was having Chinese 8． with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening 9． . This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down一 a skill that has turned out to be quite 10． ，especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then，and her brother would go to the 11． . There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their 12． while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I 13． — her ability to open her 14． underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed.
My childhood is quite 15． compared with hers. I am 16． that I did not need to 17． the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of 18． . I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 19． to: her stories always make my history textbooks 20． .
1．A． sitting room B． kitchen
C． yard D． dining hall
2．A．As always B．By the way
C．For example D． Here and now
3．A．adjusted B． promoted C． achieved D．experienced
4．A．work B．school C． court D．press
5．A． favored B． tolerated C． trusted D．acknowledged
6．A． gardening B． homework C． business D．housework
7．A． exercise B． study C． explore D．teach
8．A．food B． guests C． lessons D．tea
9．A． closely B． directly C． nervously D．freely
10．A．professional B． awkward C．simple D． practical
11．A．market B．mountain C． beach D． class
12．A．secret B． breath C． view D．tongue
13．A．admire B． notice C． adopt D．value
14．A．hands B．mouth C．eyes D．arms
15．A． difficult B． complex C． happy D．similar
16．A． grateful B． surprised C． convinced D．regretful
17．A．reflect upon B． go through C． ask about D．prepare for
18．A． unemployment B． health C． education D．communication
19．A． attend B． refer C． lead D．talk
20．A． come true B．come round C．come out D．come alive
【答案】1．B；2．A；3．D；4．B；5．A；6．D；7．B；8．C；9．A；10．D；11．C；12．B；13．A；14．C；15．C；16．A；17．B；18．C；19．D；20．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述一天家庭聚餐时，我和祖母在厨房洗碗，她给我讲述了她的童年故事。祖母出生在一战前，她的童年与我很不一样。她没有机会上学，只能在家做家务，但会在哥哥学中文时偷听学习。她还会和哥哥去海边，能在水下长时间保持呼吸。我的童年很幸福，没有经历过祖母那样的艰辛。祖母的故事使我觉得她很了不起，也让我的历史书更加有趣。
【点评】考查完形填空。答题时首先要跳过空格，通读文章掌握大意。然后细读文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
1．句意：当大人们在外面忙着严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。A. sitting room客厅；B. kitchen厨房；C. yard院子；D. dining hall餐厅。根据后句中的"help my grandmother wash dishes帮我奶奶洗碗"，可知作者和奶奶在厨房，故选B。
2．句意：像往常一样，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。A. As always像往常一样；B. By the way顺便说一下；C. For example比如；D. Here and now此时此地。根据空后的"my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood我祖母会给我讲她童年的故事"，结合后文，可知奶奶会像往常一样，给我讲她童年的故事，故选A。
3．句意：我的祖母出生在第一次世界大战之前，她的童年生活方式与我的完全不同。A. adjusted调整；B. promoted提升；C. achieved实现；D. experienced经历。根据后文"I am16 that I did not need to17 the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of18 . I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to19 to: her stories always make my history textbooks20 "，结合选项，可知作者的童年生活与奶奶的童年经历大不相同，故选D。
4．句意：她没有机会上学。A. work工作；B. school学校；C. court法院；D. press出版社。根据下文"The only opportunity(机会)she could seize to7 was when her brother was having Chinese 8 with the family tutor"，可知奶奶没机会上学，故选B。
5．句意：就像在典型的家庭里，男孩比女孩更受宠爱，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. favored受到优待的，受宠的；B. tolerated容忍的；C. trusted信任的；D. acknowledged承认。根据下文"The only opportunity(机会)she could seize to7 was when her brother was having Chinese 8 with the family tutor"，可知奶奶的兄弟可以上学，而奶奶不能，所以那个时代，男孩子在家里是受到青睐的，故选A。
6．句意：就像在典型的家庭里，男孩比女孩更受宠爱，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. gardening园艺；B. homework作业；C. business生意；D. housework家务。根据上文" She did not have a chance to go to 4"，可知奶奶没机会上学，只能在家做家务，故选D。
7．句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是她哥哥和家庭教师一起上中文课的时候。A. exercise练习；B. study学习；C. explore探索；D. teach教。根据后半句"when her brother was having Chinese 8 with the family tutor"，可知此处是指奶奶的兄弟和家庭教师一起上中文课的时候，奶奶才有学习的机会，故选B。
8．句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是她哥哥和家庭教师一起上中文课的时候。A. food食物；B. guests客人；C. lessons课；D. tea茶。根据空格后的"with the family tutor"，可知此处是指和家庭教师上中文课，故选C。
9．句意：她会静静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一头，仔细地听着。A. closely仔细地；B. directly直接地；C. nervously紧张地；D. freely自由地。根据"This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down一 a skill that has turned out to be quite10 ，especially whenever we share the newspaper"，可知奶奶听得很仔细认真，故选A。
10．句意：这个训练教会了她读和写倒过来的中文一这个技能被证明是非常实用的，特别是当我们分享报纸的时候。A. professional专业的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. simple简单的；D. practical实际的。根据"especially whenever we share the newspaper尤其是当我们共用报纸的时候"，可知奶奶倒过来读写的技能很实用，故选D。
11．句意：在大多数周末，我的祖母，一个年轻的女孩，和她的哥哥会去海滩。A. market市场；B. mountain山；C. beach海滩；D. class班级。根据"There, they would walk through deep water在那里，他们会穿过深水"，可知奶奶和兄弟去海滩，故选C。
12．句意：在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。A. secret秘密；B. breath呼吸；C. view观点；D. tongue舌头。根据上下文"There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿在水下坐下"，可知去水下，需要屏住呼吸，故选B。
13．句意：我很欣赏她在水下睁开眼睛，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire欣赏；B. notice注意；C. adopt采纳；D. value珍惜。根据破折号后的"her ability to open her 14 underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed"，可知作者很羡慕奶奶可以在水下可以睁眼的能力，故选A。
14．句意：我很欣赏她在水下睁开眼睛，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. hands手；B. mouth嘴；C. eyes眼睛；D. arms胳膊。根据"while they watched all action going on around them他们看着周围发生的一切"，可知奶奶在水下睁着眼睛看周围的一切，故选C。
15．句意：与她的童年相比，我的童年要快乐得多。A. difficult困难的；B. complex复杂的；C. happy高兴的；D. similar相似的。根据" I am 16 that I did not need to 17 the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of 18 . I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 19 to: her stories always make my history textbooks 20"，可知作者很高兴没有经历奶奶经历过的困难，故选C。
16．句意：我很感激我没有像她那样经历苦难。A. grateful感激的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. convinced信服的；D. regretful后悔的。根据空格后的"the hardships like she did像她一样的艰辛"，结合选项，可知此处指作者很感激不需要像奶奶那样经历苦难，故选A。
17．句意：我很感激我没有像她那样经历苦难。A. reflect upon反思；B. go through经历；C. ask about询问；D.prepare for准备。根据空格后的"the hardships like she did像她一样的艰辛"，结合选项，可知此处指作者不需要像奶奶那样经历苦难，故选B。
18．句意：我从来没有遇到过教育的问题。A. unemployment失业；B. health健康；C. education教育；D. communication交流。根据上文，可知奶奶没上过学，而作者从来不用面对教育的问题，故选C。
19．句意：我想我们不同的童年背景使我的祖母成为一个如此令人惊奇的人：她的故事总是使我的历史教科书生动起来。A. attend参加；B. refer提到；C. lead带领；D. talk交谈。根据后半句中的"her stories"，可知奶奶经常给作者讲故事，故选D。
20．句意：我想我们不同的童年背景使我的祖母成为一个如此令人惊奇的人：她的故事总是使我的历史教科书生动起来。A. come true实现；B. come round恢复到以前的状态；C. come out出来；D. come alive活跃起来。结合选项，可知此处是指奶奶的故事让作者在历史课本上学的知识生动起来，故选D。
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 21． , Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I 22． to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 23． a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 24． my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language 25． . After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 26． Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 27． me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small 28． of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my 29． quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional 30． , and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families 31． for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can 32． . These meals are always 33． by laughter and joy. Whatever 34． life in Italy might have, the problems are 35． once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
21．A． study B． rent C． visit D． settle
22．A． planned B． struggled C． refused D． happened
23．A． string B． hang C． mix D． match
24．A． improved B． assessed C． admired D． praised
25．A． course B． barrier C． area D． test
26．A． open-minded B． strong-willed
C． warm-hearted D． well-informed
27．A． remind B． allow C． persuade D． order
28．A． tricks B． promises C． acts D． duties
29．A． ambition B． success C． appetite D． growth
30．A． costume B． dish C． symbol D． tale
31．A． gather B． cheer C． leave D． wait
32．A． put up with B． stand up for
C． come up with D． make up for
33．A． signaled B． confirmed C． represented D． accompanied
34．A． disadvantages B． meanings
C． surprises D． opportunities
35．A． created B． forgotten C． understood D． identified
【答案】21．D；22．B；23．A；24．D；25．B；26．C；27．A；28．C；29．C；30．B；31．A；32．C；33．D；34．A；35．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了十年前作者决定在意大利买房，虽初到时不擅长当地语言，但意大利人的友善助作者克服障碍。定居后，作者发现他们非常友好，使作者感觉这里像家。作为美食爱好者，意大利的美食让作者满意。他们常因各种理由欢聚，享受美食和欢笑，使烦恼消散。
【点评】考查完形填空。答题时首先要跳过空格，通读文章掌握大意。然后细读文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
21．句意：我喜欢去法国旅游，但在选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显然是赢家。A. study学习；B. rent租；C. visit参观；D. settle定居。根据上文中的"When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago当我十年前决定在欧洲买房子的时候"，结合选项，可知作者买房是为了在定居，故选D。
22．句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点菜。A. planned计划；B. struggled挣扎；C. refused拒绝；D. happened发生。根据前半句中的"my first visit to Italy我第一次去意大利"，可知作者在问路或在餐馆点菜时遇到了困难，故选B。
23．句意：但每次我试着用意大利语拼凑句子时，当地人都会对我微笑，称赞我的语言能力。A. string把……连在一起；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match匹配。根据空格后的"a sentence of Italian together"，结合选项，可知此处是表示把意大利句子拼凑在一起，故选A。
24．句意：但每次我试着用意大利语拼凑句子时，当地人都会对我微笑，称赞我的语言能力。A. improved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised表扬。根据下句中的"That encouragement"，可知意大利当地人鼓励了作者，故选D。
25．句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A. course课程；B. barrier障碍；C. area区域；D. test测试。根据上文"During my first visit to Italy, I struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点菜"，可知作者初到意大利时遭遇了语言障碍，故选B。
26．句意：在我定居意大利之后，我发现意大利人是多么的热情。A. open-minded开明的；B. strong-willed意志坚定的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. well-informed消息灵通的。根据下句"Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 7me to close the window in my car when rain is coming邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前 我关上车窗"，可知邻居们很热心，故选C。
27．句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. persuade说服；D. order命令。根据上句，可知邻居们很热心，结合选项，可知此处应是提醒我关上车窗，故选A。
28．句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。A. tricks技巧；B. promises诺言；C. acts举动；D. duties责任。 上句中的"Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗"都是善良的举动，故选C。
29．句意：作为一个吃货，要抓住我的心就得先抓住我的胃，没有什么地方比意大利更能满足我的胃口了。A. ambition抱负；B. success成功；C. appetite食欲；D. growth成长。根据前半句"As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach作为一个吃货，要抓住我的心就得先抓住我的胃"，结合选项，可知此处是指意大利很符合作者的"胃口"，故选C。
30．句意：每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴，每个家庭都有代代相传的食谱。A. costume服装；B. dish菜；C. symbol象征；D. tale故事。根据空前的"Each town has its own traditional 个城镇都有自己传统的"，结合选项，可知"菜肴dish"符合句意要求，故选B。
31．句意：家人在星期天、生日或任何他们能想出的借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. gather聚集；B. cheer欢呼；C. leave离开；D. wait等待。根据空格后的"for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses在星期天、生日或任何借口"，结合选项，可知此处是在这些日子聚会，故选A。
32．句意：家人在星期天、生日或任何他们能想出的借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with忍受；B. stand up for支持；C. come up with想出；D. make up for弥补。根据空格前的"whatever other excuses they can"，结合选项，可知此处表示他们能想出的任何借口，故选C。
33．句意：这些饭菜总是伴随着笑声和喜悦。A. signaled发信号；B. confirmed确认；C. represented代表；D. accompanied陪伴。根据上文，结合空格后的"laughter and joy笑声和喜悦"，可知意大利人喜欢以各种借口聚会，而且聚会上会伴随有笑声和喜悦，故选D。
34．句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. disadvantages缺点；B. meanings意思；C. surprises惊讶；D. opportunities机会。根据后句"the problems are 15once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family"，可知此处表示无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，故选A。
35．句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. created创造；B. forgotten忘记；C. understood理解；D. identified辨认。根据上文介绍的意大利人的热心和喜欢聚会，结合空格后的"once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family一旦你坐下来与朋友和家人一起吃大餐"和选项，可知此处表示一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，问题就会被遗忘，故选B。
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
I've been motivated-and demotivated-by other folks' achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 36． a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 37． , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 38． for a "super, "referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run-15 miles. To be honest, I 39． it! Between the girl making my 40． seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 41． I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 42． cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 43． of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 44． her bike and went for a ride. The 45． : The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time. I'd never faced such 46． . That day, I got 47． by about 100"local"bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as 48． .
I've 49． a lot since then. I've come to accept that whatever 50． I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
36．A． knew B． held C． won D． quit
37．A． regularly B． silently C． proudly D． recently
38．A． asking B． looking C． waiting D． training
39．A． made B． believed C． hated D． deserved
40．A． advantage B． achievement C． contribution D． influence
41．A． way B． risk C． place D． reason
42．A． gave up B． went on C． turned to D． dealt with
43．A． heard B． dreamed C． complained D． approved
44．A． painted B． borrowed C． bought D． parked
45．A． problem B． secret C． principle D． advice
46．A． dangers B． events C． opponents D． challenges
47．A． passed B． convinced C． admired D． stopped
48．A． reliable B． convenient C． familiar D． appealing
49．A． traveled B． matured C． missed D． worried
50．A． limits B． dates C． goals D． tests
【答案】36．C；37．A；38．D；39．C；40．B；41．D；42．C；43．B；44．B；45．A；46．D；47．A；48．D；49．B；50．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文， 讲述了作者的一生都受到他人成就的激励和打击。年轻时，作者受到邻居朋友完成马拉松的激励开始跑步，但随后被另一位女孩的超级马拉松成绩和自己的无聊感所打击，放弃了跑步。接着，作者转向骑自行车，并在开始时感到满意，但在一次骑行中遇到了从未有过的挑战，被当地的自行车手超越，这让作者再次感到沮丧。最后，作者意识到无论设定什么目标，都应该是自己的，而不是受他人成就的影响。
【点评】考查完形填空。答题时首先要跳过空格，通读文章掌握大意。然后细读文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
36．句意：我十几岁的时候，邻居的一个朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held举行；C. won赢；D. quit放弃。根据下句中的"Feeling motivated有了动力"，结合选项，可知此处让作者有动力的是邻居的一个朋友赢得了马拉松比赛，故选C。
37．句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A. regularly定期地；B. silently安静地；C. proudly骄傲地；D. recently最近。根据空格前的"I started running我开始跑步"，结合选项，可知作者受到邻居朋友的影响，开始有规律地跑步，故选A。
38．句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为"超级"马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双人马拉松。A. asking问；B. looking看；C. waiting等；D. training训练。根据空格后的"a "super, "referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon"超级"马拉松，指的是52.4英里的双人马拉松，结合选项，可知此处是指女孩在为超级马拉松进行训练，故选D。
39．句意：说实话，我讨厌它！A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据第6空后的 I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me如果有条大狗追着我跑，我才会再跑，可知作者不喜欢跑步了，故选C。
40．句意：那个女孩让我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定，我再次跑步的唯一原因就是有只大狗在后面追我！A. advantage优势；B. achievement成就；C. contribution贡献；D. influence影响。根据上半句中的"my longest run-15 miles我最长的一次跑是15英里"，结合选项，可知15公里的长跑是作者的成就，故选B。
41．句意：那个女孩让我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定，我再次跑步的唯一原因就是有只大狗在后面追我！A. way方式；B. risk风险；C. place地方；D. reason原因。上文提到，作者因为那位女孩，讨厌跑步，所以除非遇到危险，即有只大狗在后面追赶，这是让作者重新跑步的原因，故选D。
42．句意：于是我转向骑自行车。A. gave up放弃；B. went on继续；C. turned to转向；D. dealt with处理。上文提到作者放弃了跑步；根据空格后的cycling，可知作者转向了骑行，故选C。
43．句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A. heard听到；B. dreamed梦想；C. complained抱怨；D. approved同意。根据上句"I got a good bike and rode a lot我买了一辆好自行车，骑了很多次"，结合选项，可知作者梦想参加骑行比赛，故选B。
44．句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A. painted画；B. borrowed借；C. bought买；D. parked停放。根据上文she was at work one day有一天她在上班，结合下文，可知作者借了妹妹的自行车骑行，故选B。
45．句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A. problem问题；B. secret秘密；C. principle原则；D. advice建议。根据下半句The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time那里的路穿过很大的山谷，我每次都要骑上坡好几英里，这对作者来说是个大问题，故选A。
46．句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A. dangers危险；B. events事件；C. opponents对手；D. challenges挑战。根据上句中的The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time那里的路穿过很大的山谷，我每次都要骑上坡好几英里，结合选项，可知作者的此次骑行面临巨大的挑战，故选D。
47．句意：那天，我被大约100名"当地"骑自行车的人身边经过，他们已经习惯了这种道路。A. passed通过；B. convinced相信；C. admired钦佩；D. stopped停止。根据上文，作者的此次骑行，面对这巨大的挑战和问题，所以此处试着作者被很多人超越了，故选A。
48．句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A. reliable可靠的；B. convenient方便的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. appealing有吸引力的。此次骑行，使作者备受打击，原来对骑行的喜爱现在看来夜没那么有吸引力了，故选D。
49．句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A. traveled旅行；B. matured成熟；C. missed错过；D. worried担心。根据下句话 I've come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself, they just have to be my own我已经开始接受，无论我为自己设定了什么，它们都必须是我自己的，结合选项，可知作者因为上文提到的两次经历，变得成熟了，故选B。
50．句意：我已经开始接受，无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的目标。A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据上文，作者每次的目标都因受到周围人的影响而被迫放弃，所以文章最后作者开始接受无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的目标，故选C。
（2024·浙江） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful 51． with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man 52． me on the train. My 53． friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the 54． to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours he would tell me about how he had 55． a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 56． highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most 57． , however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would 58． a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 59． as a whole. "And what do you all learn about Russian authors " I 60． him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to 61． my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, 62． , and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he 63． me just how much one can gain from 64． with an open mind, and a willingness to 65． with locals from all walks of life.
51．A． experiment B． encounter C． competition D． appointment
52．A． treated B． saved C． lectured D． approached
53．A． true B． so-called C． new D． long-lost
54．A． chance B． advice C． trouble D． right
55．A． visited B． financed C． attended D． founded
56．A． building B． sweeping C． checking D． guarding
57．A． typical B． obvious C． natural D． remarkable
58．A． publish B． quote C． сорy D． download
59．A． writers B． historians C． workers D． students
60．A． anticipate B． imagine C． recall D． catch
61．A． look into B． rely on C． go over D． deal with
62．A． well-behaved B． multi-skilled
C． warm-hearted D． self-educated
63．A． asked B． warned C． showed D． promised
64．A． traveling B． reading C． searching D． teaching
65．A． cooperate B． side C． negotiate D． engage
【答案】51．B；52．D；53．C；54．A；55．C；56．A；57．D；58．B；59．A；60．C；61．B；62．D；63．C；64．A；65．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才，是一个令人钦佩的人。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
51．句意：我在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，其间我与一个当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment"实验"；B. encounter"邂逅，相遇"；C. competition"比赛"；D. appointment"任命"。根据空后"with a local that all travelers long for"指作者和当地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选B。
52．句意：一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向我走来。A. treated"对待"；B. saved"拯救"；C. lectured "演讲"；D. approached"靠近"。根据空后"me on the train"以及后文两人交谈，可知一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向作者走来。故选D。
53．句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. true"真的"；B. so-called"所谓的"；C. new"新的"；D. long-lost"很久不见的"。根据上文"A young Chinese man"可知，两人是在火车上认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。
54．句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. chance"机会"；B. advice"建议"；C. trouble"麻烦"；D. right"权利"。根据空后"to practice my Chinese"可知，作者抓住这个机会练习中文。故选A。
55．句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. visited"拜访"；B. financed"提供资金"；C. attended"参加，上(学)"；D. founded"成立"。根据空后"a two-year professional school"可知，指这个年轻人去上了一个为期两年的专业学校。故选C。
56．句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. building"修建"；B. sweeping"打扫"；C. checking"检查"；D. guarding"守卫"。根据空后"highways in order to help support his family"可知，年轻人修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。故选A。
57．句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。A. typical"典型的"；B. obvious"显然的"；C. natural"自然的"；D. remarkable"引人注目的"。根据空后"this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor."可知，这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，这是最值得注意的品质。故选D。
58．句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. publish"出版"；B. quote"引用"；C. copy"复制"；D. download"下载"。根据空后"a translated Emerson passage"指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，故选B。
59．句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. writers"作者"；B. historians"历史学家"；C. workers"工人"；D. students"学生"。根据空前"a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American"；以及下文"And what do you all learn about Russian authors "你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？可知，年轻人对美国和俄罗斯的作家感兴趣。故选A。
60．句意："你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？"我记得他曾经问过。A. anticipate"预期"；B. imagine"想象"；C. recall"记起"；D. catch"抓住"。根据空后"him asking at one point"可知，作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C。
61．句意：对于这位从未离开过家乡几百英里的公路建设者，我很容易凭空想象。A. look into"调查"；B. rely on"依靠"；C. go over"复习"；D. deal with"处理"。根据空后"my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home"可知，年轻人从来没有离开过离家几百英里的地方，因此作者很容易依靠自己的假设对他进行判断。故选B。
62．句意：但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。A. well-behaved"行为端正的"；B. multi-skilled"多技能的"；C. warm-hearted"热心的"；D. self-educated"自学的"。根据上文"this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor."这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，指这个年轻人的自学能力。故选D。
63．句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. asked"询问"；B. warned"警告"；C. showed"展示"；D. promised"承诺"。根据空后"me just how much one can gain from"指年轻人通过自己向作者展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。故选C。
64．句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. traveling"旅行"；B. reading"阅读"；C. searching"搜索"；D. teaching"教学"。根据空后"with an open mind, and a willingness to"结合作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以是指带着开放的心态旅行，故选A。
65．句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. cooperate"合作"；B. side"边"；C. negotiate"协商"；D. engage"参与"。根据空后"with locals from all walks of life"指和各行各业的当地人打交道，engage with固定短语，"与……接触"。故选D。
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专题05 完形填空
一、完形填空
（2024·全国甲卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the 1． to help my grandmother wash dishes. 2． my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWI, my grandmother 3． an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to 4． . Like in typical families, where boys were 5． much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do 6． . The only opportunity(机会)she could seize to 7． was when her brother was having Chinese 8． with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening 9． . This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down一 a skill that has turned out to be quite 10． ，especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then，and her brother would go to the 11． . There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their 12． while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I 13． — her ability to open her 14． underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed.
My childhood is quite 15． compared with hers. I am 16． that I did not need to 17． the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of 18． . I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 19． to: her stories always make my history textbooks 20． .
1．A． sitting room B． kitchen
C． yard D． dining hall
2．A．As always B．By the way
C．For example D． Here and now
3．A．adjusted B． promoted C． achieved D．experienced
4．A．work B．school C． court D．press
5．A． favored B． tolerated C． trusted D．acknowledged
6．A． gardening B． homework C． business D．housework
7．A． exercise B． study C． explore D．teach
8．A．food B． guests C． lessons D．tea
9．A． closely B． directly C． nervously D．freely
10．A．professional B． awkward C．simple D． practical
11．A．market B．mountain C． beach D． class
12．A．secret B． breath C． view D．tongue
13．A．admire B． notice C． adopt D．value
14．A．hands B．mouth C．eyes D．arms
15．A． difficult B． complex C． happy D．similar
16．A． grateful B． surprised C． convinced D．regretful
17．A．reflect upon B． go through C． ask about D．prepare for
18．A． unemployment B． health C． education D．communication
19．A． attend B． refer C． lead D．talk
20．A． come true B．come round C．come out D．come alive
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 21． , Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I 22． to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 23． a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 24． my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language 25． . After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 26． Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 27． me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small 28． of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my 29． quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional 30． , and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families 31． for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can 32． . These meals are always 33． by laughter and joy. Whatever 34． life in Italy might have, the problems are 35． once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
21．A． study B． rent C． visit D． settle
22．A． planned B． struggled C． refused D． happened
23．A． string B． hang C． mix D． match
24．A． improved B． assessed C． admired D． praised
25．A． course B． barrier C． area D． test
26．A． open-minded B． strong-willed
C． warm-hearted D． well-informed
27．A． remind B． allow C． persuade D． order
28．A． tricks B． promises C． acts D． duties
29．A． ambition B． success C． appetite D． growth
30．A． costume B． dish C． symbol D． tale
31．A． gather B． cheer C． leave D． wait
32．A． put up with B． stand up for
C． come up with D． make up for
33．A． signaled B． confirmed C． represented D． accompanied
34．A． disadvantages B． meanings
C． surprises D． opportunities
35．A． created B． forgotten C． understood D． identified
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
I've been motivated-and demotivated-by other folks' achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 36． a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 37． , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 38． for a "super, "referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run-15 miles. To be honest, I 39． it! Between the girl making my 40． seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 41． I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 42． cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 43． of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 44． her bike and went for a ride. The 45． : The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time. I'd never faced such 46． . That day, I got 47． by about 100"local"bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as 48． .
I've 49． a lot since then. I've come to accept that whatever 50． I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
36．A． knew B． held C． won D． quit
37．A． regularly B． silently C． proudly D． recently
38．A． asking B． looking C． waiting D． training
39．A． made B． believed C． hated D． deserved
40．A． advantage B． achievement C． contribution D． influence
41．A． way B． risk C． place D． reason
42．A． gave up B． went on C． turned to D． dealt with
43．A． heard B． dreamed C． complained D． approved
44．A． painted B． borrowed C． bought D． parked
45．A． problem B． secret C． principle D． advice
46．A． dangers B． events C． opponents D． challenges
47．A． passed B． convinced C． admired D． stopped
48．A． reliable B． convenient C． familiar D． appealing
49．A． traveled B． matured C． missed D． worried
50．A． limits B． dates C． goals D． tests
（2024·浙江） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful 51． with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man 52． me on the train. My 53． friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the 54． to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours he would tell me about how he had 55． a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 56． highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most 57． , however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would 58． a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 59． as a whole. "And what do you all learn about Russian authors " I 60． him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to 61． my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, 62． , and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he 63． me just how much one can gain from 64． with an open mind, and a willingness to 65． with locals from all walks of life.
51．A． experiment B． encounter C． competition D． appointment
52．A． treated B． saved C． lectured D． approached
53．A． true B． so-called C． new D． long-lost
54．A． chance B． advice C． trouble D． right
55．A． visited B． financed C． attended D． founded
56．A． building B． sweeping C． checking D． guarding
57．A． typical B． obvious C． natural D． remarkable
58．A． publish B． quote C． сорy D． download
59．A． writers B． historians C． workers D． students
60．A． anticipate B． imagine C． recall D． catch
61．A． look into B． rely on C． go over D． deal with
62．A． well-behaved B． multi-skilled
C． warm-hearted D． self-educated
63．A． asked B． warned C． showed D． promised
64．A． traveling B． reading C． searching D． teaching
65．A． cooperate B． side C． negotiate D． engage
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