2024年初中学业水平适应性考试
英语(笔试)试题
说明：
1. 本试卷共8页, 共90分；考试时间100分钟。
2. 答题前, 务必用0. 5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号填写在试卷和答题纸规定的位置上。
3. 选择题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其它答案标号。
4. 非选择题必须用0. 5毫米黑色签字笔作答, 答案必须写在答题纸指定区域内相应位置；如需改动, 先划掉原来的答案, 然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。
5. 在试卷上和答题纸指定区域外的答案无效。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节 （共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
( A )
It was Fathers’ Day and at the same time was Dad’s birthday. Manuel decided to make him a chocolate cake. Because chocolate is Dad’s favorite thing. He found a recipe (食谱) for the chocolate cake and started rounding up the ingredients (材料) he would need.
Maria, Manuel’s sister, asked, “Can I help you ”
“No. I’ve got this,” said Manuel as he turned back to the book. Suddenly, a cup of milk he prepared before fell on the floor and the milk was all over the floor. Manuel quickly cleaned up the spilled (洒掉的) milk．
Maria said, “Hey, brother. It looks like you could need some help.” Manuel said shyly, “Yes, I need your help.”
Maria added cocoa to the flour while Manuel added eggs to the butter and sugar. Then he reached for the milk container for another cup of milk. It was empty. “Oh no!” he cried. “Don’t worry,” said Maria. “I’ll run to the shop and get some.”
Maria quickly returned with the milk. Then they got back to business. Finally, the oven went off with a sound of “ding”. The kids were so excited when their dad finally walked through the door. “Happy Birthday, Dad!” said Maria and Manuel.
Dad loved his cake. “Wow! What a nice surprise! How did you ever complete this ”
“We worked together,” said Manuel.
1. How many children are there in this family
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
2. Who cleaned up the spilled milk
A. Manuel. B. Maria. C. Dad. D. Nobody.
3. When is Dad’s birthday
A. The second Sunday in May. B. The third Sunday in May.
C. The third Sunday in June. D. Th second Sunday in June.
( B )
My dad lost his job a few years ago. At the time, I thought it didn’t matter much, but I was wrong. That event changed my life.
Dad said we had to make some changes.
Mom explained that I would have to stop taking dance lessons for a while. My brother Kenny couldn’t go to the summer camp, either. And we would have to save some money by cutting out unnecessary things. The next few months we all helped out. Mom went back to work full-time. We had to cut out going to the movies. Kenny got a part-time job to make money in his free time. He even studied harder in college and got a scholarship (奖学金). As a middle school student, I couldn’t find a part-time job like my brother. I wanted to help, so I took out all the money I had saved to help our family pull through. As my mom was busy doing the job, I took on the responsibility of doing housework. Though it was ________ for us, no one gave up and we encouraged each other.
After a few months, Dad found a job in the city. Dad thanked us for helping out. He said, “We all came together as a family.”
Later on, I thought about what Dad said and realized he was right. We were all upset about giving things up, but we did what we could to help each other. Even though it was bad that my dad lost his job, it showed me what a family is all about.
4. How did the writer feel at first after knowing that Dad lost his job
A. He was worried and upset.
B. He felt sorry for his father.
C. He didn’t know what to do.
D. He thought it didn’t matter much.
5. Which word can be put in the ________
A. funny B. useful C. safe D. hard
6. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. It’s important to make money.
B. Family should help and support each other.
C. Losing the job is not a big deal.
D. Kids should learn to make money as early as possible.
( C )
Scientists have used clever methods to discover a hidden hallway inside the Great Pyramid (金字塔) of Giza in Egypt. The 9-meter-long hallway could lead to new discoveries about the pyramid.
The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest of three pyramids near Giza, Egypt. It was built about 4,500 years ago by a king named Khufu. The pyramid was built as a place for Khufu to be buried (安葬).
The pyramid was sealed (密封的）until AD 820, when someone broke it open on one side. This person found three rooms, one on top of the other, inside the pyramid. The largest room was the King's Chamber. Below that was the Queen’s Chamber. There was another room underground.
The pyramid has a long, angled hallway, called the Grand Gallery. The Grand Gallery leads to the King’s Chamber. There are also other hallways that go up and down, and a tunnel that now serves as an entrance for tourists.
But most of the pyramid has been sealed since it was built The pyramid is believed to hold many other secrets. But scientists don’t want to damage the pyramid by opening it up to learn those secrets.
Instead, since 2015, a group of scientists from around the world have been using invisible rays (不可见射线) to scan (扫描) the inside of the pyramid. They call their group “Scan Pyramids”.
Now the Scan Pyramids group has shown that there is also a hidden hallway not far from the tourist’s entrance to the pyramid.
It’s still not clear what the hallway and the large empty space were for. The scientists believe they may have been used to help spread out the weight of the pyramid.
The scientists plan to continue scanning the pyramid and others, in the hopes of learning more.
7. What was Khufu’s purpose in building the Great Pyramid of Giza
A. To live in it. B. To bury himself.
C. To send signals. D. To fight against enemies.
8. The third and fourth paragraphs describe ________.
A. who opened the pyramid
B. when the pyramid was built
C. what the inside of the pyramid looks like
D. how the King and Queen’s life was in the pyramid
9. The underlined word “damage” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”.
A. destroy B. repair C. protect D. build
10. What’s the best title for the text
A More mysteries of the pyramid will be discovered
B. People need to try their best to protect the pyramid
C. Scientists need new technology to explore pyramids
D. Scientists discovered a secret hallway inside a pyramid
( D )
①A group of scientists from the University of Kitakyushu in Japan has come up with an unusual solution to a messy problem. They’ve taken dirty diapers (尿片), and used them to replace (取代) some of the sand needed to build a house with concrete (混凝土).
②As we all know, making concrete creates a lot of pollution. And it uses a lot of sand. Mining (开采) for sand creates other problems for the environment.
③Siswanti Zuraida had an unusual idea. What if some of the sand in concrete could be replaced with used disposable (一次性的) diapers
④Diapers are a huge source of pollution. In the US alone, over 3. 6 billion kilograms of them are thrown away each year. These end up taking up space in landfills. In other countries, dirty diapers can be thrown into rivers.
⑤So Ms Zuraida and her team set out to study the problem. They collected used diapers,cleaned them up, and treated the diapers with chemicals to get rid of any bad germs (细菌). Then the diapers were dried and cut into small pieces that could be added to concrete. They found that this new kind of concrete was just as safe and strong as regular concrete. It also didn't have any harmful germs in it.
⑥The scientists think their idea could make it less expensive to build homes. After all, sand needs to be mined, which costs money. Used diapers are basically (基本上) free.
⑦Perhaps the biggest challenge will be persuading (说服) people to use concrete made with diapers. What do you think Is it time to change the house
11. In the process of making concrete,what do the scientists worry about
A. It is too hard. B. It is too expensive.
C. It is not safe. D. It pollutes the environment.
12. What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined phrase “get rid of” in Paragraph 5
A. 去除 B. 制造 C. 喂养 D. 保护
13. What is the step of making this new concrete with dirty diapers
① collect used diapers ② the diapers were dried
③ clean the diapers up and treat them with chemicals ④ cut the diapers into small pieces
A. ①②③④ B. ①③②④
C. ①④③② D. ①③④②
14. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
A. ①→②③④→⑤⑥→ ⑦
B. ①②→③④→⑤⑥→ ⑦
C. ①→②③④⑤⑥→ ⑦
D. ①②→③④⑤⑥→ ⑦
15 What’s the best title of the passage
A. Uses of diapers
B. The future of human houses
C. Building a house out of diapers
D. The future of disposable diapers
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题1分, 满分5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Wang Jibing, a 55-year-old deliveryman,has just published his second poetry collection I Love thisWorld Clumsily (笨拙地).
___16___He worked as a builder, a garbage collector, and now he is a deliveryman in the city of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.
Since 2009, Wang has written over 4,000 poems on many subjects, including his working experiences in different cities. Poetry writing comes from his long-term love for literature and reading. ___17___
In the 1980s,Wang followed a construction (建筑) team to work in Shenyang, the capital city of northeast China's Liaoning Province. ___18___ He could read for free there. He picked up a book and began reading,and it became his routine (惯例) every night.
___19___Some local netizens introduced him to several online poetry forums, and the “poems of a deliveryman” gradually became known to like-minded people. “On these online forums, I learned some poetry writing techniques. I also posted my poems,”Wang said.
After working as a deliveryman, his poems have experienced great shifts (变化) in style. Wang said that delivering food allows him to talk with more people and experience more things. ___20___ It has inspired him greatly.
Wang’s poem People in a Hurry made him well-known online. He wrote, “People in a hurry have no seasons, only from last station to the next.”
A. He enjoys the job as a deliveryman.
B. He published his first poetry collection.
C. One day he found a roadside bookstall (书报摊).
D. Wang thought that literature saved him.
E. Later Wang tried to write poems online.
F. Wang has tried to make a living in many ways.
第二部分 语言知识应用 (共两节, 满分25分)
第一节 完形填空 （共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a Shenzhou XVI crew member, Gui Haichao completed his first spacewalk on July 20, 2023. The 36-year-old from Yunnan Province became ___21___ because he is the first Chinese civilian (平民) to fly in space.
When Jing Haipeng was flying onboard the Shenzhou VII spaceship in September 2008, Gui Haichao was still a(n) ___22___ at the School of Astronautics (航天学院) under Beihang University.
In the following years, Gui Haichao continued his study at Beihang and graduated in the summer of 2014 with a doctor’s degree.
The ___23___ researcher then spent two years in a post-doctoral program at York University in Toronto, Canada. In the summer of 2016, Gui did post-doctoral research at Ryerson University, which was ___24___ renamed Toronto Metropolitan University.
He returned to Beihang in September 2017 after receiving the university’s invitation to teach at the School of Astronautics. At Beihang, he has ___25___ more than 50 articles.
In the spring of 2018, Gui was ___26___ that China was choosing the third batch of astronauts, including the first spaceflight engineers and specialists. It was a good chance for him. Gui has been a fan of space exploration for many years. He sometimes ___27___ doing his research in space. He was excited hearing this news. He immediately filled in the application (申请) form.
After rounds of physical checks and professional tests, Gui Haichao got a place in the elite (精英) club and started training at the Astronaut Center of China. ___28___ the physical training at the astronaut center was very tough, he didn’t give up and managed to pass all tests.
Gui Haichao progressed ___29___ in every training course, and was chosen for the Shenzhou XVI mission to become the first civilian in China to travel in space. The professor said he feels ___30___ to become the first Chinese payload specialist to fly in space.
21.
A. honest B. careful C. famous D. confident
22.
A. teacher B. student C. engineer D. scientist
23.
A. heavy B. strong C. old D. young
24.
A. once B. later C. ever D. still
25.
A. sold B. explained C. published D. bought
26.
A. told B. stopped C. warned D. checked
27.
A. worried about B. waited for C. dreamed of D. carried out
28.
A. Because B. Although C. Since D. Unless
29.
A. loudly B. warmly C. exactly D. rapidly
30.
A. afraid B. pride C. proud D. surprised
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last week, we had a spring outing. My classmates and I went to ___31___ educational base (基地) in the countryside.
We were told that we needed to cook by ___32___ (we) there. We thought it would be ___33___ (excite) to cook outside. So before ___34___ (set) out, we prepared fresh vegetables and meat such as potatoes and beef. Condiments (调味品) like oil and salt were also needed.
When we arrived the next day, we were really surprised. The “kitchen” was so simple! And we needed to make a fire on our own.
We had never ___35___ (experience) things like this before. Not surprisingly, we couldn’t control the fire very well. Some students just made under-cooked food. I cooked garlic spareribs (蒜香排骨)．At first, I ___36___ (mistake）cooking wine (料酒) for oil and poured it ___37___ the pot． ___38___ (luck), we found out in time. We cleaned the pot and started all over again. There were even ___39___ (much) funny mistakes like that. However, we still finished the task.
On the way back to school, students talked about this fun experience. Everyone was tired but happy. And there was a smile on everyone’s face. We really enjoyed the ___40___ (nature) beauty and learned some important life skills. I will never forget this trip.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分, 满分10分）
阅读下面短文, 完成短文后的问题。
Mobile phones can take your attention away when you’re trying to focus on something. That’s why the Dutch government is banning (禁止) them ——in classroom, at least.
The government has announced that from January 1, 2024, students will not be allowed to use their mobile phones in classrooms, unless they are needed for medical reasons.
Robbert is the education minister of the Netherlands. He said that although mobile phones are a big part of our lives, there is no need to have them in the classroom. “Students need to be able to concentrate and need to be given the chance to study well. Mobile phones are a disturbance (干扰) , scientific research shows. We need to protect students against this,” he said.
The ban has come about through an agreement between the government education department,schools, and relevant organizations. At first, it will be left up to schools how they enforce (执行). If the ban doesn’t work, legislation (立法) and binding (约束) rules may be introduced before the summer of 2024.
“We are going to look very closely at whether this decision works,” Robbert said. “Because, of course,there could always be a legal (合法的) ban. But I actually believe that we can arrange (安排) this together. ”
The move follows similar steps taken recently in Finland, a country that is widely regarded as having one of the best education systems in the world and which is also the birthplace of Nokia, one of the most important companies in the development of mobile phones.
The Netherlands is not the first country to introduce a ban like this. In 2022, Italy took similar steps. France has also had a ban in place since September 2018. France bans mobile phones from schools for children bet-ween 3 and 15 years of age, and China introduced a similar ban in 2021.
41. Which country first banned mobile phones in classroom
42 What does the underlined word “this” refer to
__________________________________________________________________________
43. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
__________________________________________________________________________
44. What is the main idea of this passage
__________________________________________________________________________
45. Will you take the mobile phone into your classroom Why or why not
__________________________________________________________________________
第二节 写作（ 满分20分）
46. 作为即将毕业的学生，我们现在的学习压力很大，经常面对各种考试，因此有时会产生焦虑情绪。请你根据内容提示，简单描述一下我们的考试压力主要体现在哪些方面，并针对这些情况给出合理的建议。
提示：
1. 表现：担心考试，考前很难入睡，考试时发挥失常；
2. 建议：请从考前学习准备，作息时间和放松方式这三方面，给出缓解考试压力的具体建议。
要求：
1. 观点鲜明，要用到所有提示内容，并适当发挥，语言流畅，条理清晰；
2. 词数100词左右，文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数；
3. 文中不得出现个人真实姓名与学校。
How to deal with the exam stress
We students are very busy with schoolwork and in the face of many exams every school day Some of us ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2024年初中学业水平适应性考试
英语(笔试)试题
说明：
1. 本试卷共8页, 共90分；考试时间100分钟。
2. 答题前, 务必用0. 5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号填写在试卷和答题纸规定的位置上。
3. 选择题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其它答案标号。
4. 非选择题必须用0. 5毫米黑色签字笔作答, 答案必须写在答题纸指定区域内相应位置；如需改动, 先划掉原来的答案, 然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。
5. 在试卷上和答题纸指定区域外的答案无效。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节 （共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
( A )
It was Fathers’ Day and at the same time was Dad’s birthday. Manuel decided to make him a chocolate cake. Because chocolate is Dad’s favorite thing. He found a recipe (食谱) for the chocolate cake and started rounding up the ingredients (材料) he would need.
Maria, Manuel’s sister, asked, “Can I help you ”
“No. I’ve got this,” said Manuel as he turned back to the book. Suddenly, a cup of milk he prepared before fell on the floor and the milk was all over the floor. Manuel quickly cleaned up the spilled (洒掉的) milk．
Maria said, “Hey, brother. It looks like you could need some help.” Manuel said shyly, “Yes, I need your help.”
Maria added cocoa to the flour while Manuel added eggs to the butter and sugar. Then he reached for the milk container for another cup of milk. It was empty. “Oh no!” he cried. “Don’t worry,” said Maria. “I’ll run to the shop and get some.”
Maria quickly returned with the milk. Then they got back to business. Finally, the oven went off with a sound of “ding”. The kids were so excited when their dad finally walked through the door. “Happy Birthday, Dad!” said Maria and Manuel.
Dad loved his cake. “Wow! What a nice surprise! How did you ever complete this ”
“We worked together,” said Manuel.
1. How many children are there in this family
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
2. Who cleaned up the spilled milk
A. Manuel. B. Maria. C. Dad. D. Nobody.
3. When is Dad’s birthday
A. The second Sunday in May. B. The third Sunday in May.
C. The third Sunday in June. D. Th second Sunday in June.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了曼纽尔和玛利亚在父亲节给父亲做生日蛋糕的故事。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Manuel decided to make him a chocolate cake.”和“Maria, Manuel’s sister”可知，文章中出现了两个孩子，曼纽尔和他的妹妹玛利亚。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Manuel quickly cleaned up the spilled (洒掉的) milk”可知，曼纽尔很快清理了溢出的牛奶，故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“It was Fathers’ Day and at the same time was Dad’s birthday.”可知，父亲节是六月的第三个周日，故选C。
( B )
My dad lost his job a few years ago. At the time, I thought it didn’t matter much, but I was wrong. That event changed my life.
Dad said we had to make some changes.
Mom explained that I would have to stop taking dance lessons for a while. My brother Kenny couldn’t go to the summer camp, either. And we would have to save some money by cutting out unnecessary things. The next few months we all helped out. Mom went back to work full-time. We had to cut out going to the movies. Kenny got a part-time job to make money in his free time. He even studied harder in college and got a scholarship (奖学金). As a middle school student, I couldn’t find a part-time job like my brother. I wanted to help, so I took out all the money I had saved to help our family pull through. As my mom was busy doing the job, I took on the responsibility of doing housework. Though it was ________ for us, no one gave up and we encouraged each other.
After a few months, Dad found a job in the city. Dad thanked us for helping out. He said, “We all came together as a family.”
Later on, I thought about what Dad said and realized he was right. We were all upset about giving things up, but we did what we could to help each other. Even though it was bad that my dad lost his job, it showed me what a family is all about.
4. How did the writer feel at first after knowing that Dad lost his job
A. He was worried and upset.
B. He felt sorry for his father.
C. He didn’t know what to do.
D. He thought it didn’t matter much.
5. Which word can be put in the ________
A. funny B. useful C. safe D. hard
6. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. It’s important to make money.
B. Family should help and support each other.
C. Losing the job is not a big deal.
D. Kids should learn to make money as early as possible.
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. B
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了作者在父亲失业以后，家庭成员不得不做出的转变，虽然家庭的变故让作者感觉糟糕，但让作者明白了家庭的真谛。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据“At the time, I thought it didn’t matter much, but I was wrong.”可知作者当时认为父亲失业是无关紧要的。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Though it was...for us, no one gave up and we encouraged each other.”可知，没有人放弃，我们互相鼓励，前后句意转折，所以情况比较艰难，故选D。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，本文介绍了作者在父亲失业以后，家庭成员不得不做出的转变，虽然家庭的变故让作者感觉糟糕，但让作者明白了家庭的真谛。因此这篇文章主要告诉读者家人应该互相帮助和支持。故选B。
( C )
Scientists have used clever methods to discover a hidden hallway inside the Great Pyramid (金字塔) of Giza in Egypt. The 9-meter-long hallway could lead to new discoveries about the pyramid.
The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest of three pyramids near Giza, Egypt. It was built about 4,500 years ago by a king named Khufu. The pyramid was built as a place for Khufu to be buried (安葬).
The pyramid was sealed (密封的）until AD 820, when someone broke it open on one side. This person found three rooms, one on top of the other, inside the pyramid. The largest room was the King's Chamber. Below that was the Queen’s Chamber. There was another room underground.
The pyramid has a long, angled hallway, called the Grand Gallery. The Grand Gallery leads to the King’s Chamber. There are also other hallways that go up and down, and a tunnel that now serves as an entrance for tourists.
But most of the pyramid has been sealed since it was built. The pyramid is believed to hold many other secrets. But scientists don’t want to damage the pyramid by opening it up to learn those secrets.
Instead, since 2015, a group of scientists from around the world have been using invisible rays (不可见射线) to scan (扫描) the inside of the pyramid. They call their group “Scan Pyramids”.
Now the Scan Pyramids group has shown that there is also a hidden hallway not far from the tourist’s entrance to the pyramid
It’s still not clear what the hallway and the large empty space were for. The scientists believe they may have been used to help spread out the weight of the pyramid.
The scientists plan to continue scanning the pyramid and others, in the hopes of learning more.
7. What was Khufu’s purpose in building the Great Pyramid of Giza
A. To live in it. B. To bury himself.
C. To send signals. D. To fight against enemies.
8. The third and fourth paragraphs describe ________.
A. who opened the pyramid
B. when the pyramid was built
C. what the inside of the pyramid looks like
D. how the King and Queen’s life was in the pyramid
9. The underlined word “damage” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”.
A. destroy B. repair C. protect D. build
10. What’s the best title for the text
A. More mysteries of the pyramid will be discovered
B. People need to try their best to protect the pyramid
C. Scientists need new technology to explore pyramids
D. Scientists discovered a secret hallway inside a pyramid
【答案】7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家在一个金字塔内部发现了一条隐藏的走廊。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The pyramid was built as a place for Khufu to be buried (安葬).”可知，胡夫建立这座金字塔是为了安葬自己。故选B。
【8题详解】
段落大意题。通读第三、四段可知，这两段描述了金字塔的内部结构。故选C。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“But scientists don't want to damage the pyramid by opening it up to learn those secrets. Instead, since 2015, a group of scientists from around the world have been using invisible rays to scan the inside of the pyramid.”可知，科学家直到2015年才用射线扫描金字塔，所以他们是不愿意损坏金字塔来打开它，划线单词的意思是“损坏”，故选A。
【10题详解】
最佳标题题。根据“Scientists have used clever methods to discover a hidden hallway inside the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家在一个金字塔内部发现了一条隐藏的走廊。故选D。
( D )
①A group of scientists from the University of Kitakyushu in Japan has come up with an unusual solution to a messy problem. They’ve taken dirty diapers (尿片), and used them to replace (取代) some of the sand needed to build a house with concrete (混凝土).
②As we all know, making concrete creates a lot of pollution. And it uses a lot of sand. Mining (开采) for sand creates other problems for the environment.
③Siswanti Zuraida had an unusual idea. What if some of the sand in concrete could be replaced with used disposable (一次性的) diapers
④Diapers are a huge source of pollution. In the US alone, over 3. 6 billion kilograms of them are thrown away each year. These end up taking up space in landfills. In other countries, dirty diapers can be thrown into rivers.
⑤So Ms Zuraida and her team set out to study the problem. They collected used diapers,cleaned them up, and treated the diapers with chemicals to get rid of any bad germs (细菌). Then the diapers were dried and cut into small pieces that could be added to concrete. They found that this new kind of concrete was just as safe and strong as regular concrete. It also didn't have any harmful germs in it.
⑥The scientists think their idea could make it less expensive to build homes. After all, sand needs to be mined, which costs money. Used diapers are basically (基本上) free.
⑦Perhaps the biggest challenge will be persuading (说服) people to use concrete made with diapers. What do you think Is it time to change the house
11. In the process of making concrete,what do the scientists worry about
A. It is too hard. B. It is too expensive.
C. It is not safe. D. It pollutes the environment.
12. What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined phrase “get rid of” in Paragraph 5
A. 去除 B. 制造 C. 喂养 D. 保护
13. What is the step of making this new concrete with dirty diapers
① collect used diapers ② the diapers were dried
③ clean the diapers up and treat them with chemicals ④ cut the diapers into small pieces
A. ①②③④ B. ①③②④
C ①④③② D. ①③④②
14. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
A. ①→②③④→⑤⑥→ ⑦
B. ①②→③④→⑤⑥→ ⑦
C. ①→②③④⑤⑥→ ⑦
D. ①②→③④⑤⑥→ ⑦
15. What’s the best title of the passage
A. Uses of diapers
B. The future of human houses
C. Building a house out of diapers
D. The future of disposable diapers
【答案】11. D 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本科学家研究用使用过的尿片替代混凝土中的沙子用来保住环境的技术发明。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据“As we all know,making concrete creates a lot of pollution.”可知，众所周知，制造混凝土会产生大量污染。所以科学家担心的是污染环境的问题，故选D。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“They collected used diapers,cleaned them up, and treated the diapers with chemicals to get rid of any bad germs”可知，他们收集用过的尿布，清洗干净，并用化学物质处理尿布，以去除任何有害细菌，因此划线短语的意思是“去除”，故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据“They collected used diapers,cleaned them up, and treated the diapers with chemicals to get rid of any bad germs. Then the diapers were dried and cut into small pieces that could be added to concrete. ”可知，他们收集用过的尿布，清洗干净，并用化学物质处理尿布，以去除任何有害细菌。然后，尿布被晒干，切成小块，可以添加到混凝土中。因此正确的顺序是①③②④。故选B。
【14题详解】
篇章结构题。通读全文，本文第一段介绍了日本科学家想用使用过的尿片替代混凝土中的沙子，第二段到第六段介绍了这种技术的具体操作，最后一段总结这种技术的最大挑战可能是人们是否能接受，文章是总分总的结构，故选C。
【15题详解】
最佳标题题。本文介绍了日本科学家研究用使用过的尿片替代混凝土中的沙子用来保住环境的技术发明。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题1分, 满分5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Wang Jibing, a 55-year-old deliveryman,has just published his second poetry collection I Love thisWorld Clumsily (笨拙地).
___16___He worked as a builder, a garbage collector, and now he is a deliveryman in the city of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.
Since 2009 Wang has written over 4,000 poems on many subjects, including his working experiences in different cities. Poetry writing comes from his long-term love for literature and reading. ___17___
In the 1980s,Wang followed a construction (建筑) team to work in Shenyang, the capital city of northeast China's Liaoning Province. ___18___ He could read for free there. He picked up a book and began reading,and it became his routine (惯例) every night.
___19___Some local netizens introduced him to several online poetry forums, and the “poems of a deliveryman” gradually became known to like-minded people. “On these online forums, I learned some poetry writing techniques. I also posted my poems,”Wang said.
After working as a deliveryman, his poems have experienced great shifts (变化) in style. Wang said that delivering food allows him to talk with more people and experience more things. ___20___ It has inspired him greatly.
Wang’s poem People in a Hurry made him well-known online. He wrote, “People in a hurry have no seasons, only from last station to the next.”
A. He enjoys the job as a deliveryman.
B. He published his first poetry collection.
C. One day he found a roadside bookstall (书报摊).
D. Wang thought that literature saved him.
E. Later Wang tried to write poems online.
F. Wang has tried to make a living in many ways.
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍外卖员王计兵写诗的过程。
【16题详解】
根据下文“He worked as a builder, a garbage collector, and now he is a deliveryman in the city of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.”可知，此处介绍了王计兵做过的工作。选项F“王曾尝试过多种谋生方式。”符合语境。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Poetry writing comes from his long-term love for literature and reading.”可知，他的诗歌写作来自他对文学和阅读的热爱，此处应是文学对他的意义。选项D“王说文学拯救了他。”符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据下文“He could read for free there. He picked up a book and began reading,and it became his routine (惯例) every night.”可知，他拿起一本书就开始阅读，而且他养成了每晚在那读书的习惯，可推测此处是介绍他看书的地点。选项C“一天，他在路边找到了一个书摊。”符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据下文“Some local netizens introduced him to several online poetry forums, and the ‘poems of a deliveryman’ gradually became known to like-minded people.”可知，此处谈到了他在网上创作诗歌。选项E“后来，王尝试在网上写诗。”符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据根据上文“After working as a deliveryman, his poems have experienced great shifts (变化) in style. Wang said that delivering food allows him to talk with more people and experience more things.”可知，他的外卖工作让他有了更多和别人交流的机会，也让他经历了更多的东西，说明他很喜欢这份工作。选项A“他很喜欢外卖员的工作。”符合语境。故选A。
第二部分 语言知识应用 (共两节, 满分25分)
第一节 完形填空 （共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a Shenzhou XVI crew member, Gui Haichao completed his first spacewalk on July 20, 2023. The 36-year-old from Yunnan Province became ___21___ because he is the first Chinese civilian (平民) to fly in space.
When Jing Haipeng was flying onboard the Shenzhou VII spaceship in September 2008, Gui Haichao was still a(n) ___22___ at the School of Astronautics (航天学院) under Beihang University.
In the following years, Gui Haichao continued his study at Beihang and graduated in the summer of 2014 with a doctor’s degree.
The ___23___ researcher then spent two years in a post-doctoral program at York University in Toronto, Canada. In the summer of 2016, Gui did post-doctoral research at Ryerson University, which was ___24___ renamed Toronto Metropolitan University.
He returned to Beihang in September 2017 after receiving the university’s invitation to teach at the School of Astronautics. At Beihang, he has ___25___ more than 50 articles.
In the spring of 2018, Gui was ___26___ that China was choosing the third batch of astronauts, including the first spaceflight engineers and specialists. It was a good chance for him. Gui has been a fan of space exploration for many years. He sometimes ___27___ doing his research in space. He was excited hearing this news. He immediately filled in the application (申请) form.
After rounds of physical checks and professional tests, Gui Haichao got a place in the elite (精英) club and started training at the Astronaut Center of China. ___28___ the physical training at the astronaut center was very tough, he didn’t give up and managed to pass all tests.
Gui Haichao progressed ___29___ in every training course, and was chosen for the Shenzhou XVI mission to become the first civilian in China to travel in space. The professor said he feels ___30___ to become the first Chinese payload specialist to fly in space.
21.
A. honest B. careful C. famous D. confident
22.
A. teacher B. student C. engineer D. scientist
23.
A. heavy B. strong C. old D. young
24.
A. once B. later C. ever D. still
25.
A. sold B. explained C. published D. bought
26.
A. told B. stopped C. warned D. checked
27.
A worried about B. waited for C. dreamed of D. carried out
28.
A. Because B. Although C. Since D. Unless
29.
A. loudly B. warmly C. exactly D. rapidly
30.
A. afraid B. pride C. proud D. surprised
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，这篇文章介绍了中国平民桂海潮成为神舟十六号机组成员并完成第一次太空行走的经历。
【21题详解】
句意：这位来自云南省的36岁男子变得很有名，因为他是第一个中国平民在太空飞行的人。
honest诚实的；careful小心的；famous有名的；confident自信的。根据“because he is the first Chinese civilian to fly in space.”可知，因为他是第一个中国平民在太空飞行的人，所以他变得很有名。故选C。
【22题详解】
句意：当景海鹏在2008年9月乘坐神舟七号宇宙飞船飞行时，桂海潮还是北航航天学院的一名学生。
teacher教师；student学生；engineer工程师；scientist科学家。根据“In the following years, Gui Haichao continued his study at Beihang”可知，在接下来的几年里，桂海潮继续在北航学习，所以他还是个学生，故选B。
【23题详解】
句意：随后，这位年轻的研究员在加拿大多伦多的约克大学进行了两年的博士后项目。
heavy沉重的；strong强壮的；old老的；young年轻的。根据“The 36-year-old from Yunnan Province”可知，2023年桂海潮36岁，在2014年的时候，他27岁，所以是年轻的，故选D。
【24题详解】
句意：2016年夏，桂海潮在瑞尔森大学进行了博士后研究，后来该学校被更名为多伦多都会大学。
once曾经；later后来；ever曾经；still仍然。根据“which was… renamed Toronto Metropolitan University.”可知，这里表示学校后来被更名为多伦多都会大学，故选B。
【25题详解】
句意：在北航期间，他发表了50多篇文章。
sold出售；explained解释；published出版；bought购买。根据“He returned to Beihang in September 2017 after receiving the university’s invitation to teach at the School of Astronautics.”可知，2017年9月，他接到北航航天学院的邀请，回到北航任教。所以应该是在校任教期间发表文章，故选C。
【26题详解】
句意：2018年春天，桂海潮被告知中国正在选拔第三批宇航员，其中包括首批航天工程师和专家。
told告诉；stopped停止；warned警告；checked检查。根据“He was excited hearing this news. He immediately filled in the application form.”可知，听到这个消息他很兴奋。他立即填写了申请表，所以他应该是被告知了要选拔第三批宇航员的消息，故选A。
【27题详解】
句意：他有时会梦想自己在太空中进行研究。
worried about担心；waited for等待；dreamed of梦想；carried out执行。根据“Gui has been a fan of space exploration for many years.”可知，多年来，桂一直是太空探索的爱好者。所以他应该是梦想自己在太空中做研究，故选C。
【28题详解】
句意：虽然航天员训练中心的体能训练非常艰苦，但他没有放弃，并成功通过了所有测试。
Because因为；Although虽然；Since由于；Unless除非。根据“…the physical training at the astronaut center was very tough, he didn’t give up and managed to pass all tests.”可知，前后两句话之间是让步关系，虽然训练艰苦，但是没有放弃，故选B。
【29题详解】
句意：桂海潮在每一门训练课程中都取得了迅速的进步，并被选中参加神舟十六号任务，成为中国第一个进入太空的平民。
loudly大声地；warmly热情地；exactly精确地；rapidly迅速地。根据“and was chosen for the Shenzhou XVI mission to become the first civilian in China to travel in space”可知，桂海潮被选中参加神舟十六号任务，成为中国第一个进入太空的平民，所以他应该是训练课中进步迅速，才会被选中，故选D。
【30题详解】
句意：教授表示，他感到自豪成为首位在太空飞行的中国载荷专家。
afraid害怕；pride自豪，名词；proud自豪的，形容词；surprised惊讶的。根据“become the first Chinese payload specialist to fly in space”可知，成为首位在太空飞行的中国载荷专家，应该是自豪的，feels后跟形容词作表语，故选C。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last week, we had a spring outing. My classmates and I went to ___31___ educational base (基地) in the countryside.
We were told that we needed to cook by ___32___ (we) there. We thought it would be ___33___ (excite) to cook outside. So before ___34___ (set) out, we prepared fresh vegetables and meat such as potatoes and beef. Condiments (调味品) like oil and salt were also needed.
When we arrived the next day, we were really surprised. The “kitchen” was so simple! And we needed to make a fire on our own.
We had never ___35___ (experience) things like this before. Not surprisingly, we couldn’t control the fire very well. Some students just made under-cooked food. I cooked garlic spareribs (蒜香排骨)．At first, I ___36___ (mistake）cooking wine (料酒) for oil and poured it ___37___ the pot． ___38___ (luck), we found out in time. We cleaned the pot and started all over again. There were even ___39___ (much) funny mistakes like that. However, we still finished the task.
On the way back to school students talked about this fun experience. Everyone was tired but happy. And there was a smile on everyone’s face. We really enjoyed the ___40___ (nature) beauty and learned some important life skills. I will never forget this trip.
【答案】31. an 32. ourselves
33. exciting
34. setting
35. experienced
36. mistook
37. into 38. Luckily
39. more 40. natural
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和同学们去春游野炊的经历。
【31题详解】
句意：我和同学们去了农村的一个教育基地。此处表示泛指，去了一个教育基地，根据“educational”可知，以元音音素开头发音开头，使用不定冠词an，故填an。
【32题详解】
句意：我们被告知需要在那里独自做饭。根据“We were told that we needed to cook by…”可知，by oneself“独自”，使用翻身代词，主语是we，因此使用ourselves，故填ourselves。
【33题详解】
句意：我们认为在外面做饭会很令人兴奋。空处缺少形容词作表语修饰it，结合所给单词提示，exciting“令人兴奋的”。故填exciting。
【34题详解】
句意：所以出发前，我们准备了新鲜的蔬菜和肉，如土豆和牛肉。根据“before”可知，介词before后接动词的现在分词，结合所给单词提示，故填setting。
【35题详解】
句意：我们从来没有经历过像这样的事情以前。根据“We had never”可知，该句时态是过去完成时，空处缺少动词的过去分词，结合所给单词提示，故填experienced。
【36题详解】
句意：起初，我误把料酒当作是油，倒在锅里。根据“and poured…the pot”可知，该句时态是一般过去时，空处填写动词过去式，mistake的过去式是mistook，故填mistook。
【37题详解】
句意：起初，我误把料酒当作是油，倒在锅里。根据“and poured…the pot”可知，pour into“倒入”，故填into。
【38题详解】
句意：幸运的是，我们及时发现。空处缺少副词作状语修饰整个句子，结合所给单词提示，luckily“幸运地”，故填Luckily。
【39题详解】
句意：甚至还有更多像那样有趣的错误。even修饰形容词比较级，结合所给单词提示，much的比较级是more，故填more。
【40题详解】
句意：我们真的很享受自然的美，并学到了一些重要的生活技能。空处缺少形容词作定语修饰名词beauty，结合所给单词提示，natural“自然的”，故填natural。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分, 满分10分）
阅读下面短文, 完成短文后的问题。
Mobile phones can take your attention away when you’re trying to focus on something. That’s why the Dutch government is banning (禁止) them ——in classroom, at least.
The government has announced that from January 1, 2024, students will not be allowed to use their mobile phones in classrooms, unless they are needed for medical reasons.
Robbert is the education minister of the Netherlands. He said that although mobile phones are a big part of our lives, there is no need to have them in the classroom. “Students need to be able to concentrate and need to be given the chance to study well. Mobile phones are a disturbance (干扰) , scientific research shows. We need to protect students against this,” he said.
The ban has come about through an agreement between the government education department,schools, and relevant organizations. At first, it will be left up to schools how they enforce (执行). If the ban doesn’t work, legislation (立法) and binding (约束) rules may be introduced before the summer of 2024.
“We are going to look very closely at whether this decision works,” Robbert said. “Because, of course,there could always be a legal (合法的) ban. But I actually believe that we can arrange (安排) this together. ”
The move follows similar steps taken recently in Finland, a country that is widely regarded as having one of the best education systems in the world and which is also the birthplace of Nokia, one of the most important companies in the development of mobile phones.
The Netherlands is not the first country to introduce a ban like this. In 2022, Italy took similar steps. France has also had a ban in place since September 2018. France bans mobile phones from schools for children bet-ween 3 and 15 years of age, and China introduced a similar ban in 2021.
41. Which country first banned mobile phones in classroom
42. What does the underlined word “this” refer to
__________________________________________________________________________
43. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
__________________________________________________________________________
44. What is the main idea of this passage
__________________________________________________________________________
45. Will you take the mobile phone into your classroom Why or why not
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】41. France.
42. The influence of mobile phones.
43. 他说，虽然手机在我们的生活中占了很大一部分，但没有必要在教室里使用手机。
44. Mobile phones will be banned in Dutch classrooms.
45. No, I won’t. Because the mobile phone can take my attention away.(答案不唯一)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了荷兰将会禁止学生在课堂上使用手机的政令和颁布原因，以及很多国家出台的学生使用手机的相关文件。
【41题详解】
根据“France has also had a ban in place since September 2018.”可知，法国自2018年9月起也实施了禁令。其他国家都在这个时间之后，故填France.
【42题详解】
根据“Mobile phones are a disturbance, scientific research shows. We need to protect students against this ,”可知，科学研究表明，手机是一种干扰。需要保护学生免受这种伤害，因此this指代的是手机带来的干扰。故填The influence of mobile phones.
【43题详解】
He：他； said说；although尽管；mobile phones：手机；are是；a big part of our lives：我们生活中的很大一部分；there is no need to：没必要……；have：拥有；them：他们；in the classroom：在教室里。 故填：他说，虽然手机在我们的生活中占了很大一部分，但没有必要在教室里使用手机。
【44题详解】
通读全文，文章介绍了荷兰将会禁止学生在课堂上使用手机的政令和颁布原因，以及很多国家出台的学生使用手机的相关文件。故填Mobile phones will be banned in Dutch classrooms.
【45题详解】
开放性试题，言之有理即可，可以从肯定或是否定另种方向回答，例如否定回答，不会带手机进教室，因为手机会吸引学生的注意力。故填No, I won’t. Because the mobile phone can take my attention away.(答案不唯一)
第二节 写作（ 满分20分）
46. 作为即将毕业的学生，我们现在的学习压力很大，经常面对各种考试，因此有时会产生焦虑情绪。请你根据内容提示，简单描述一下我们的考试压力主要体现在哪些方面，并针对这些情况给出合理的建议。
提示：
1. 表现：担心考试，考前很难入睡，考试时发挥失常；
2. 建议：请从考前学习准备，作息时间和放松方式这三方面，给出缓解考试压力的具体建议。
要求：
1. 观点鲜明，要用到所有提示内容，并适当发挥，语言流畅，条理清晰；
2. 词数100词左右，文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数；
3. 文中不得出现个人真实姓名与学校。
How to deal with the exam stress
We students are very busy with schoolwork and in the face of many exams every school day. Some of us ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
How to Deal with the Exam Stress
We students are very busy with schoolwork and in the face of many exams every school day. Some of us are so worried about exams that it’s hard to fall asleep before them. When we pay much attention to the exam, the test results won’t be good. If we have proper stress, we can work harder, but if we have too much pressure, it may have a bad effect on our study. We should learn to deal with pressure.
First of all, we should review carefully and study hard before the exam. Second, we shouldn’t stay up late to review for the exam. Third, after reviewing for a long time, we should also relax ourselves properly. In addition, if we do well in the exam, we can give ourselves proper rewards. So I hope everyone can deal with the exam stress well and get good grades.
【解析】
【详解】［总体分析］
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏题目要求中每一项内容，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
［写作步骤］
第一步，表明写作意图，介绍考试前学生焦虑的表现；
第二步，具体给出缓解考试压力的建议；
第三步，书写结语，期待所有人都可以缓解压力，取得好成绩。
［亮点词汇］
①be worried about担忧
②fall asleep睡觉
③deal with处理
［高分句型］
①So I hope everyone can deal with the exam stress well and get good grades.（宾语从句）
②If we have proper stress, we can work harder, but if we have too much pressure, it may have a bad effect on our study.（if引导的条件状语从句）

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