Passage 1
As one of China's traditional folk handicrafts, wood carving is a branch of carving. China has a time honoured history of wood carving. It didn't become a kind of art 1.________ people began to have artistic ability.
The 2.________ (early) existing wood carving was unearthed in 1980 in Hubei Province and was believed 3.________ (make) during the Warring States about 3，000 years ago. In one of Han Yu's poems, he described a wood carving figure vividly. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, some painters 4.________ (begin) to focus on wood carving painting. In Qing Dynasty, wood carving reached a new peak, and there were many artists specialized 5.________ wood carving. Today many 6.________ (value) wood carvings are kept in the Imperial Palace in Beijing and Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai.
According to different usages, wood carving can be mainly divided into two categories. The 7.________ (apply) wood carving is endowed with (赋予) the practical function as well as the decorative value. They can serve as chairs, tables, sofas, screens, flower 8.________ (shelf) and so on. Some kinds of carving are only used as decoration, which account for 9.________ large portion (部分) of wood carvings. They 10.________ (shape) into numerous animals, flowers and human figures.
Passage 2
Most of us have felt the 1.________ (annoy) when our smartphone breaks all of a sudden. Phone manufacturers seem to go to extraordinary lengths to stop consumers 2.________ (open) the back of their phones to try DIY repairs. Help is around the corner.
Fairphone is a new company 3.________ has produced a self repairable mobile phone. The founder is Bas van Abel, a Dutch design engineer, who set out to make “the world's first ethical smartphone”. He 4.________ (start) his company in 2013 with four basic principles. First, he said what he wanted to do was use raw materials from non conflict mining areas. He also wanted to make 5.________ product that was recyclable, durable and repairable.
The Fairphone says 6.________ (it) mission is to motivate “a massive industry to take responsibility for its impact on the world, by establishing a viable (可行的) market for ethical electronics”. It 7.________ (highlight) the fact that many workers who produce technology are working in unacceptable 8.________ (condition). Finally, it says: “As time goes by, communication technology is on track to account 9.________ 14 per cent of the world's greenhouse gas emissions by 2040.” The Fairphone comes with a screwdriver (螺丝刀) and is 10.________ (easy) repairable. The plastic used is 40 per cent recycled, and the minerals are ethically sourced.
Passage 3
As is known to all, people around the world spend billions of dollars every year 1.________ (attempt) to look panies produce thousands of creams, pills and treatments for our skin to look younger. In addition, scientists 2.________ (work) for decades on trying to slow down the ageing process.
This week, scientists made a breakthrough. They have developed a method to “time jump” cells in human skin. The scientists from the Babraham Institute in Cambridge, the UK say they can turn back 3.________ ageing clock in cells by 30 years, which could make skin look younger. Skin cells in their tests kept all of the important functions. The scientists say their research is still at an early stage, 4.________ that it could help people look younger in the future.
The technique developed 5.________ the group could change medicine and health. The lead researcher, Dr Diljeet Gill, said：“So far, we've only tested this technique in skin cells. We're excited 6.________ (see) if we can translate it across other cell types.” This means it could 7.________ (use) to treat skin problems, like burns, acne and eczema. The scientists hope their 8.________ (finding) could also be applied to other parts of the body. Their new method could additionally help to heal cuts more quickly, 9.________ (especial) in older people. Researcher Dr Wolf Reik said：“If you cut yourself, it'll take 10.________ (quick) to heal the wound.”
Passage 4
China launched its third aircraft carrier, the Fujian, in Shanghai on June 17th, 2022. The carrier, 1.________ (name) after Fujian Province, was completely designed and built by China. The new carrier was put into the water at a launch ceremony that started at about 11 am.
Approved by the Central Military Commission, the Fujian 2.________ (give) the hull (船体) Number 18. It is China's first domestically made carrier that uses catapults (弹射器). Upon its completion, 3.________ huge ship will displace (排出) more than 80，000 metric tons of water, making it the 4.________ (large) and mightiest warship any Asian nation has ever built.
As is known to all, before the Fujian aircraft carrier, the PLA Navy has had two carriers—CNSLiaoning and CNSShandong, both of 5.________ have a standard displacement of around 50，000 tons and a conventional system, and use a ski jump mode for 6.________ (launch) fixed wing aircraft.
7．________ the Liaoning and Shandong being increasingly used for patrolling and drills, China needed another aircraft carrier 8.________ (increase) its inner power, in order to maintain maritime peace and 9.________ (stable) in the region. The Fujian can do that job once it completes 10.________ (it) sea trials.
Passage 5
For many blind people and those with vision difficulties, life can be made easier with a guide dog. But making a good guide dog 1.________ (take) much work.
And for many, the long road begins when the dog is a puppy. For example, five 8 week old puppies arrived in Maryland in February. At that time, they were loving, playful animals—like all puppies. Now however, they are on the road to 2.________ (become) useful members of society. If they prove 3.________ (them) able, they could become guide dogs. They will help to improve the lives of people with vision 4.________ (lose) and vision impairment.
The faithful friends to be are part of a training programme of 5.________ organization called Guiding Eyes for the Blind. The young dogs were bred for health and temperament which means how they respond 6.________ their environment.
However, breeding alone will not be enough. They will need nurturing from dog training experts and volunteers 7.________ (call) Puppy Raisers. The goal of this nurturing is to turn the 8.________ (energy), playful puppies into well behaved and well socialized dogs.
Once a solid foundation is in place, puppies must leave their raisers and return to the Guiding Eyes training centre 9.________ they get official guide dog training. 10.________(final), dogs demonstrate to decide whether they can become a guide dog for the blind.
Passage 6
The world's largest igloo cafe can be found in northern India. An igloo is a shelter that is usually round and is made 1.________ snow and ice. But the cafe will not exist for too much longer. The 40 seat business 2.________ (expect) to melt away sometime in March.
It is at the Himalayan winter sports resort, 3.________ is 50 kilometres south west of Srinagar and 2，500 metres above sea level. Wasim Shah is the 4.________ (create) of the cafe. An igloo village 5.________ (build) in Switzerland helped Shah come up with the idea. The cafe has two areas. Coffee and small foods are served in one area. The other is for artwork. Shah said, “It took us 64 days 6.________ (complete). We employed all locals to construct 7.________ and the snow art was all done by me.” The cafe 8.________ (immediate) became popular with visitors. The business has 300 to 400 visitors every day. Visitors wear winter clothes and sit on sheepskin seats to stay warm. It is the second year that they 9.________ (construct) the igloo cafe. This year's igloo could serve almost 20，000 visitors during a full season. Shah has a 10.________ (big) plan. The goal is to create an igloo village next year. It will have places to sleep, along with the cafe.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国传统民间手工艺木雕。
1．答案与解析：until　考查固定结构。此处含有not...until...结构，表示“直到……才……”。
2．答案与解析：earliest　考查最高级。通过分析可知，此处指最早存在的木雕是1980年在湖北省出土的，空格处需用最高级。
3．答案与解析：to be made　考查非谓语动词。首先根据be believed to do可知空处需用不定式结构，再根据make与主语wood carving为动宾关系可知此处需用不定式的被动式。
4．答案与解析：began　考查时态。此处讲的是宋朝和元朝时的事情，需用一般过去时。
5．答案与解析：in　考查介词。be specialized in是固定短语，表示“专攻”。
6．答案与解析：valuable　考查形容词。空处需用形容词修饰名词wood carvings，表示宝贵的雕刻品。
7．答案与解析：applied　考查非谓语动词。通过分析可知，apply与被修饰词wood carving之间为动宾关系，空处需用过去分词作定语。
8．答案与解析：shelves　考查名词复数。根据前面“chairs, tables, sofas, screens”都为名词复数可知，此处shelf也要用相应的复数形式shelves。
9．答案与解析：a　考查冠词。此处指占据了一大部分，a large portion of意为“一大部分”。
10．答案与解析：are shaped　考查时态和语态。shape在此处为动词，与主语they为被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处叙述事实，用一般现在时。
【语篇解读】　很多人都经历过手机突然坏了的烦恼，Fairphone手机公司为了应对这种状况，开发了一款可以自己修理的节能环保手机。
1．答案与解析：annoyance　考查名词。空格处作宾语，需用名词annoyance。
2．答案与解析：opening　考查非谓语动词。此处为stop... （from） doing sth. 结构中省略了from的用法。
3．答案与解析：that/which　考查定语从句。先行词为a new company，指物，限制性定语从句中关系代词作主语，that和which均可。
4．答案与解析：started　考查动词时态。根据时间状语in 2013可知句子用一般过去时。
5．答案与解析：a　考查冠词。制作一款可回收利用、耐用又可修复的产品，表示泛指。
6．答案与解析：its　考查代词。修饰名词mission用形容词性物主代词its。
7．答案与解析：highlights　考查动词时态和主谓一致。空格处陈述事实，用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
8．答案与解析：conditions　考查名词复数。condition意为“环境”时，常用复数形式。
9．答案与解析：for　考查介词。account for在此意为“占据比例”。
10．答案与解析：easily　考查副词。此处需用副词修饰形容词repairable。
【语篇解读】　谁不想青春永驻，看着更加年轻？科学家们在此问题上奋斗多年，终于有了重大突破。他们找到了一种办法，这种办法可以让细胞逆转30年，让人看起来更加年轻。
1．答案与解析：attempting　考查非谓语动词。spend... （in） doing sth.意为“花费……做某事”。
2．答案与解析：have worked/have been working　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句中for decades可知，科学家们奋斗了几十年试图减缓衰老。此处可以用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，主语scientists为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
3．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。此处表示特指，用定冠词。
4．答案与解析：but　考查连词。科学家们说，他们的研究还处于早期阶段，但是能够帮助人们在未来看起来更年轻。前后为转折关系，but符合题意。
5．答案与解析：by　考查介词。句中指由这个组研发的这门技术，介词by接动作的执行者。
6．答案与解析：to see　考查非谓语动词。be excited to do为常用结构。
7．答案与解析：be used　考查被动语态。句中指能够被用来处理皮肤问题，could后用被动语态。
8．答案与解析：findings　考查名词复数。finding表示“研究结果”，多用复数形式。
9．答案与解析：especially　考查副词。修饰介词短语“in older people”需用副词形式。
10．答案与解析：quicker　考查比较级。根据上文的“more quickly”以及语境可知，如果伤到了自己，伤口的痊愈速度更快，空格处需用比较级，此时quick为副词。
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。2022年6月17日，中国第三艘航空母舰成功下水，标志着中国领海能力再上一个台阶。
1．答案与解析：named　考查非谓语动词。该句谓语为“was designed and built”，空格处为非谓语动词，句中指“被命名为”，需用过去分词作定语。故填named。
2．答案与解析：was given　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处为谓语动词，主语the Fujian与动词give之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，主语为单数形式。故填was given。
3．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。此处特指这艘航空母舰，需用定冠词。故填the。
4．答案与解析：largest　考查形容词最高级。根据空前定冠词the和后面的并列形容词最高级mightiest可知，设空处也应该用形容词最高级形式，修饰后面的名词warship。故填largest。
5．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。此处考查定语从句中“介词＋关系代词”结构，先行词为CNSLiaoning and CNSShandong（辽宁舰和山东舰），指物，在of后作宾语，故填which。
6．答案与解析：launching　考查非谓语动词。此处为固定短语use sth. for doing sth.表示“用某物做某事”，for为介词，故用动名词形式。故填launching。
7．答案与解析：With　考查介词。结合后文可知，空后接了宾语和非谓语动词，可见是with的复合结构。
8．答案与解析：to increase　考查非谓语动词。空格处用不定式作目的状语。
9．答案与解析：stability　考查名词。maintain后需用名词作宾语，与peace并列。
10．答案与解析：its　考查代词。空处需用形容词性物主代词修饰sea trials。
【语篇解读】　对于许多盲人和视力有问题的人来说，有了导盲犬，生活可以变得更容易。但是，培养一只好的导盲犬需要做很多工作。本文介绍了幼犬是如何被训练成合格的导盲犬的。
1．答案与解析：takes　考查动词时态及主谓一致。根据句意可知，表示一般情况应用一般现在时。又因为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。
2．答案与解析：becoming　考查非谓语动词。to为介词，后面跟动名词作宾语。the road to...意为“通向……的道路”。
3．答案与解析：themselves　考查代词。根据句意“如果它们证明自己有能力”可知，应用反身代词。
4．答案与解析：loss　考查名词。根据句意可知，应用名词形式，和后面的“vision impairment”作并列成分。
5．答案与解析：an　考查冠词。泛指“一个组织”，应用不定冠词，organization为元音音素开头的单词，故用an。
6．答案与解析：to　考查固定搭配。respond to意为“对……做出反应”，to为介词。
7．答案与解析：called　考查非谓语动词。此处为过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词“experts and volunteers”，表示被动关系。
8．答案与解析：energetic　考查形容词。修饰名词puppies应用形容词形式。
9．答案与解析：where　考查定语从句。先行词为“the Guiding Eyes training centre”，在定语从句中充当地点状语，故用where引导。
10．答案与解析：Finally　考查副词。此处为副词放在句首作状语，表示“最后，最终”。
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了位于印度北部的世界上最大的冰屋咖啡厅。
1．答案与解析：of　考查介词。be made of表示“由……制成”。be made of表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料。根据句意可知应填of。
2．答案与解析：is expected　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示客观事实，用一般现在时。be expected to do sth.意为“预计/有望做某事”。主语business为单数，根据句意及短语用法可知，应填is expected。
3．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。先行词为winter sports resort，指物且在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，故应填关系代词which。
4．答案与解析：creator　考查名词。根据句意可知，应填名词形式，表示“创建者”。
5．答案与解析：built　考查非谓语动词。此处为过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。
6．答案与解析：to complete　考查非谓语动词。“It takes sb.＋一段时间＋to do sth.”表示“某人花费一段时间做某事”。
7．答案与解析：it　考查代词。根据句意可知，此处指代前面的the cafe，应用代词it。
8．答案与解析：immediately　考查副词。修饰动词became应用副词形式。
9．答案与解析：have constructed　考查动词时态。“it is the first/second... （序数词） time＋that从句”意为“这是第……次做某事”，that从句要用现在完成时。
10．答案与解析：bigger　考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知，此处表示“更大的计划”，应用比较级bigger。

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