闵行三中2023学年第二学期期中考试
高二年级英语学科试卷
满分分值：150分 完卷时间：120分钟
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension 25%
Section A Short Conversations 10%
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. On the bus. B. On the ship. C. On the plane. D. On the train.
2. A. 54 dollars. B. 66 dollars. C. 60 dollars. D. 6 dollars.
3. A. Get up slowly. B. Adjust her position.
C. Stretch legs for a while. D. Shake her body frequently.
4. A. Lily will drive her to the airport. B. She won’t skip the special meeting.
C. She backs up the manager’s plan. D. Lily is available to attend the meeting.
5. A. To be a certified doctor. B. To pursue advanced studies.
C. To get promotion in work. D. To make full preparations for pregnancy.
6. A. The man should follow his parents’ advice. B. The man will find a good job in the future.
C. The man should choose art as his major. D. The man can choose two majors in college.
7. A. He has a mini library. B. He is fond of reading.
C. He dreams to be a librarian. D. He is knowledgeable.
8. A. She was unable to get the discount. B. She lost her student ID card.
C. She left all her money at the dormitory. D. She failed to visit the museum.
9. A. Finish his research paper. B. Revise his research paper.
C. Meet with his tutor. D. Go to the library.
10. A. It’s convenient to shop in supermarkets. B. Supermarkets provides the best services.
C. Customers pay more in convenience stores. D. Certain items sell well in convenience stores.
Section B 15%
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
12. A. Sinan Books. B. Tsukaya Bookstore. C. Deja Vu. D. Duoyun Books.
13. A. It has the highest bookshop ever in China.
B. It is trying a new business model to attract readers.
C. Both new and used books are available in their stores.
D. A forum was held to celebrate the opening of a new branch.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Round edges are more time-consuming than angles in animation.
B. Animation is long considered to be an easy process.
C. Animators strategically simplifies the process by means of gloves.
D. Animation wins the popularity because of its fast output and accuracy.
15. A. Because characters in the cartoons were given a personal touch.
B. Because they distinguished the characters’ hands from the bodies.
C. Because Walt Disney pioneered the industry and others followed the suit.
D. Because Mickey Mouse and his friends wrote their signature with gloves.
16. A. What do gloves stand for in Disney B. How did gloves become popular in Disney
C. When were gloves brought into being in Disney D. Why do many Disney characters wear gloves
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the, following longer conversation.
17. A. Open. B. Selfish. C. Friendly. D. Reserved.
18. A. They stay quiet. B. They read a book.
C. They talk about the weather. D. They chat with fellow passengers.
19. A. She was always treated as a foreigner. B. She was eager to visit an English castle.
C. She was never invited to a colleague’s home. D. She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.
20. A. Houses are much quieter. B. Houses provide more privacy.
C. They want to have more space. D. They want a garden of their own.
Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary 15%+10%
Section A 15%
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Smart TV channels a sense of frustration
The phenomenon of watching less or not watching TV has mirrored a plunge in traditional TV sales in recent years.
“I haven’t watched TV at home for almost five years.” The same sentiment is a true portrayal of many Gen-Zers today. In the past when entertainment options _____1_____ (limit), TV dominated. Nowadays, computers, mobile phones and tablets, all of _____2_____ offer more content, have overtaken TV in the viewing stakes.
“Watching _____3_____ (much) or not watching TV is the inevitable result of the diversification of entertainment for young people. The programs offered by the major TV stations is increasingly unable to meet the needs of young people, and a few minutes of advertisements are added at every turn, _____4_____ (make) it difficult to compete with mobile phones and tablets,” says Li Dadi at Haige Business Watch, a public WeChat account _____5_____ (dedicate) to business analysis.
The phenomenon mirrors a plunge in traditional TV sales in recent years. A report by All View Cloud, a data analysis company, says that domestic TV sales in 2020 were 44.5 million units, down 9.1 percent year-on-year; and sales revenue was 120.9 billion yuan ($19.1 billion), down 11.7 percent.
However, not watching traditional TV does not mean _____6_____ (not use) the actual set. The current development of smart TV is not just a tool for watching programs on the box. The three major video content providers, Tencent Video, iQiyi and Youku, have all launched TV applications. People _____7_____ also cast the content of their mobile phones onto the TV at any time. Leaning on the sofa and watching a 55-inch big screen is still much more comfortable than lying on the bed with a 6.1-inch mobile phone.
However, compared with the rapid development and profit growth of internet smart TV, complaints about a decline in service experience have come to light.
A woman’s complaint over her newly bought TV set has echoed across Chinese social media recently. In her video, posted on Douyin, she says most people watching TV now are elders, and a TV cannot be turned on _____8_____ two remote controls at least. After she finally turned it on, advertisements popped up and lasted for more than 10 seconds. The various charging apps, all required to be purchased to allow for viewing, _____9_____ (make) the experience worse. Without a VIP membership, there came another 70-second advertisement _____10_____ she could finally watch a proper TV series. “I miss the simple TV set of my childhood,” she said.
Section B 10%
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. silence B. grouping C. matter D. implication E. consequences F. mental G. solution H. immediate I. worthwhile J. regaining K. satisfy
Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity, even minor distractions can have a huge effect. According to a study, ____11____ our initial drive (动力) following an interruption can take about 20 minutes.
Multitasking, as many studies have shown, is a myth (谬论). A more accurate account of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that we’re rapidly switching between activities, sucking our mental energy. And the ____12____ can be surprisingly serious. An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be interrupted by distractions like emails and text messages.
The trouble is that multitasking is enjoyable. It’s fun to ____13____ your curiosity. Who knows who send the next email or text message and what the content might be Finding out provides ____14____ satisfaction. In contrast, resisting distractions and staying on task requires discipline and ____15____ effort. So, what are we to do
Our strategy is to change the environment to move temptation further away: shut down your email program or ____16____ your phone. It’s a lot easier to stay on task when you’re not continuously fighting off mental desires.
Another ____17____ method is to collect similar activities together, keeping transition time to a minimum point. Instead of spreading phone calls, meetings and emails throughout your day, try ____18____ related tasks so that there are fewer transitions.
In some jobs, multitasking is unavoidable. Some of us truly do need to keep constant connection with our clients, colleagues and managers. So it’s worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only ____19____.
Remember, the more you do to minimize task-switching over the course of the day, the more ability you’ll have for activities that actually ____20____. Even small changes can make a big difference.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension 45%
Section A 15%
Directions: For each blank in the, following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Charity in Action
In a busy city like Shanghai, the hustle and bustle often overshadow the needs of those less fortunate. However, amidst this chaos, there are still stories of ____21____ and kindness that warm our hearts.
One such story unfolded one sunny afternoon in the heart of the city. Li Hua a high school student, was walking home from school, ____22____ by the noise and crowds. Suddenly, her attention was caught by a small group of people gathered around a street corner.
Curious, she approached and saw an elderly woman sitting on the ground, ____23____ and alone. Her clothes were tattered, and her face showed signs of ____24____. Li Hua’s heart went out to her, and she knew she had to do something.
Without ____25____, Li Hua reached into her pocket and handed the woman all the money she had. The woman’s eyes lit up with gratitude, and a ____26____ smile spread across her face.
Inspired by this encounter, Li Hua decided to take action. She organized a charity event at her school, ____27____ awareness about the situation of the homeless and poor in the city. She ____28____ flyers, made posters, and even gave a speech to her classmates, urging them to contribute whatever they could.
To her surprise, the response was ____29____. Many students donated their pocket money, while others donated clothes and food. Even teachers and staff got involved, _____30_____ their support.
The charity event was a huge success. Not only did it raise a significant amount of money and goods, but it also _____31_____ a sense of community and unity among the students and staff. More importantly, it _____32_____ the importance of helping others and the impact one individual can have on those in need.
Li Hua’s actions not only _____33_____ the elderly woman that day but also inspired countless others to do their part in making the world a better place. Her story is a reminder that charity is not just about giving money; it’s about _____34_____ a hand to those who need it, about showing compassion and kindness in even the smallest of ways.
In the busy and often impersonal world of Shanghai, Li Hua’s story is a beacon of hope, a reminder that amidst the noise and crowds, there is still room for _____35_____ and compassion.
21.
A. charity B. success C. adventure D. courage
22
A. advocated B. annoyed C. amused D. amazed
23.
A. happy B. lost C. helpless D. hopeless
24.
A. sorrow B. happiness C. confusion D. surprise
25.
A. hesitation B. permission C. doubt D. invitation
26.
A. sad B. nervous C. warm D. proud
27.
A. reducing B. gaining C. losing D. raising
28.
A. carried out B. gave away C. put up D. took down
29.
A. negative B. indifferent C. overwhelming D. disappointing
30.
A. offering B. demanding C. expecting D. refusing
31.
A. created B. destroyed C. ignored D. avoided
32.
A. ignored B. highlighted C. linked D. analyzed
33.
A. helped B. hurt C. ignored D. frightened
34.
A. shaking B. showing C. lending D. pointing
35
A. kindness B. wealth C. fame D. power
Section B 30%
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
On US TV shows, you may sometimes see rubber balls on people’s desks. These balls are known as “stress relief balls”. People can squeeze them when they feel stressed out. It’s believed that by concentrating on the act of squeezing, they can let go of the negative energy in their bodies.
“We don’t all get the big, sunny corner office, the super ergonomic (人体工程学的) chair, or four weeks of vacation at work. A focused activity helps take your mind off the problems of your day,” wrote Joseph Shrand, a professor at Harvard University, in his book Manage Your Stress.
Indeed, stress is a big problem for many people. Fortunately, we have many ways to deal with it. In fact, the rubber stress relief balls that are so popular today in the US are believed to date back to ancient China. Back in the Han Dynasty (BC 202-AD 220), soldiers used walnuts (核桃)to get rid of stress. By squeezing them during moments of anxiety, soldiers were able to calm themselves down before going into battle. And in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368-1644), people started rotating (转动) the walnuts in their hands. Ordinary citizens — not just soldiers — developed the habit of rolling two walnuts, or balls made from iron or stone, around in their hands. This helped them relax as well.
And today, we have many gadgets (器具) and toys that are designed to reduce stress in addition to stress relief balls. One example is the popular fidget spinner (指尖陀螺), which keeps your hand busy with an easy task — spinning the gadget around. There’s also the fidget cube, which features different “gimmicks” (机关) on each side of the cube. You can click, spin, pull, push and rotate different parts of the cube.
These gadgets may look like simple toys, but perhaps we should take them more seriously than they are given credit for. “After all, the history of stress balls is a history of modern-day coping (应对),” reporter Nadia Berenstein wrote for Woolly magazine.
36. What did Shrand suggest people do to relieve stress
A. Move to a big, sunny office. B. Get a comfortable chair.
C. Take a long vacation. D. Concentrate on a simple activity.
37. Where did the idea for stress relief balls originally come from
A. Toys designed for American TV shows. B. Walnuts used by Chinese soldiers before battle.
C. Stone balls from ancient China. D. Gadgets invented in the Ming Dynasty.
38. According to the article, how did ancient Chinese soldiers relieve stress
A. Rotating walnuts B. Playing with fidget spinners
C. Playing with fidget cubes D. Wearing wristbands with small balls
39. The author wrote the article mainly to ______.
A. introduce stress relief toys B. prove that stress is a big problem
C. tell the history of stress relief balls D. offer advice on dealing with stress
(B)
▲ Allerton, Liverpool 590,000 A large-area lawn would look at home on a traditional red-brick campus. Six miles south of the University of Liverpool and the “knowledge quarter”, it is part of Allerton Priory, designed and built by Victorian gothic architect Alfred Waterhouse in the early 1800s for a local merchant and now separated into apartments. There’s a three-bedroom duplex (复式) on the lower ground and ground floor. The living room has floor-to-ceiling windows and views of the grounds, and there’s a private gate for residents leading to Allerton Manor sports car club. Fine & Country, 0151-947-0810
▲ Halton, Lancashire 285,000 This environmentally-friendly home is in the eco-settlement of Forgebank in the village of Halton on the outskirts of Lancaster. It may suit the buyers—with conscience and cash—who have chosen to settle close to the city they studied in. The complex sits on the banks of the River Lune and next to the Forest of Bowland. A two-bedroom home covers 1,050 sq ft with a balcony. The funky yellow kitchen cabinetry is by local carpenters. The Modern House, 0203-795-5920
▲ Eddington, Cambridge 689,950 The local government of Cambridge is developing a new sustainable residential district two miles north of the city centre with 3,000 homes, 2,000 postgraduate rooms for the University of Cambridge, sports facilities, a market square and park lot. One of the newest phases is Knights Park. There’s a two-bedroom, two-bathroom luxury flat on the fourth floor of the Florey building with no stamp duty to pay. Hill, 01223-607-200
▲ City centre, Bristol 565,000 This two-bedroom, first-floor apartment is in a pastel-coloured, period townhouse (老式联排别墅指ancientness)on the waterfront in the heart of Bristol’s nightlife,(夜生活中心指modernity)with a parking space, a lift and views of the Floating Harbour and the Arnolfini arts centre. Beyond is the tree-lined Georgian gardens of Queen Square in the old town. The University of Bristol is a 30-minute walk away. Knight Frank, 0117-317-1996
40. Which of the following is TRUE about the house in Allerton
A. It enjoys an open and broad view of nearby grounds.
B. It is located on the campus of the University of Liverpool.
C It houses the Allerton Manor sports car club on the second floor.
D. It was designed in the early 18th century by a local merchant.
41. Which house advertised boasts a combination of modernity and ancientness
A. Allerton, Liverpool B. Halton, Lancashire
C. Eddington, Cambridge D. City centre, Bristol
42. Alex and Susan, a newly married couple who love sports and own a car, are looking for a two-bedroom house property. They may contact _______ to ask for more information.
A Fine & Country B. The Modern House
C. Hill D. Knight Frank
(C)
ChatGPT, the new artificial-intelligence technology created by Open AI, has many worrying about the future of education. The two largest public school districts, New York and Los Angeles, have banned the chatbot from their devices and networks, concerned that students may use it to cheat on assignments. Though ChatGPT’s capabilities are limited, it will likely continue to disrupt education as the technology advances.
But educators needn’t fear this change. Such technologies are transformative, but they threaten only the information-centric type of education that is failing to help students succeed. What young people need today is educational models that help them take ownership of their studies. They need instruction that equips them with real-life skills and prepares them for an economy in which rote, mechanical tasks will be increasingly performed by machines. AI may be a useful invention that hastens much-needed educational reform.
Practicing skills to enhance one’s facility with reasoning, analysis and argumentation—rather than memorizing basic information—should be central to learning. These are skills young people will need in future careers and, most important, that AI can’t replicate. Our experience with AI is perhaps best understood when compared with previous disruptions in education. When printed books, for example, began to emerge in the mid-1400s with the advent of the movable type, one can imagine university professors feared that students wouldn’t need to come to class because they could simply buy the book.
Yet in practice, printing had the opposite effect: The number of universities exploded along with the total number of books. The new technology disrupted the mechanical aspect of education, but in doing so it allowed educators to refocus on higher-level skills—the strategic elements rather than the tactical. The same followed the introduction of calculators and spreadsheets, which freed up time that would have been spent memorizing rote algorithms for mathematical problems.
This change didn’t make the underlying skills unnecessary; it merely transformed what could be done with them. The effect of such technology as ChatGPT will likely be similar. The AI will serve as an information-gathering and mechanical-organizing tool, but it won’t eliminate the fundamental need for critical thinking. These skills will persist and only increase in value. Therefore, schools must remember that the value created by education isn’t a head full of facts but a person with the skill to use these facts with the tools available to magnify his effect in the world. AI is best seen as another of these tools, which, when used strategically, can unleash student learning and performance in ways not yet seen.
43. What does this change refer to in Paragraph 2
A. Some public school districts have banned from their devices and networks.
B. The information-centric type of education is failing to help students succeed.
C. Artificial-intelligence technology keeps making new progress nowadays.
D. The development of AI is making a difference to the traditional education.
44. The example of printed books is mentioned to show ______.
A. the new technology disrupts education in our previous experience
B. the movable type printing negatively impacts our university teaching
C. such technology helps shift our attention to students’ higher-level skills
D. AI frees us from memorizing rote algorithms for mathematical problems
45. According to the author, schools are advised to ______.
A. instruct students in obtaining as many facts as possible
B. adopt teaching strategies to enhance students’ performance
C. equip students with necessary skills with the help of AI
D. teach students to magnify the effect of tools in the world
46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. AI can save education from itself. B. ChatGPT disrupts educational reform.
C. AI raises worries about school education. D. ChatGPT transforms education at all levels.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Nature’s Gigantic Snow Plough
On January 10, 1962, an enormous piece of glacier broke away and collapsed down the side of a mountain in Peru. A mere seven minutes later, when cascading ice finally came to a stop ten miles down the mountain, it had taken the lives of 4,000 people. This disaster is one of the most “destructive” examples of a very common event: an avalanche (雪崩) of snow or ice. Because it is extremely cold at very high altitudes, snow rarely melts. ___47___ Glaciers are eventually created when the weight of the snow is so great that the lower layers are pressed into solid ice. ___48___ As snow accumulates on a steep slope, it reaches a critical point at which the slightest vibration will send it sliding into the valley below.
Even an avalanche of light power can be dangerous, but the Peruvian disaster was particularly terrible because it was caused by a heavy layer of ice. ___49___ As it crashed down the steep mountainside like a gigantic snow plough, it swept up trees, boulders and tons of topsoil, and completely crushed and destroyed the six villages that lay in its path.
At present there is no way to predict or avoid such enormous avalanches, but luckily, they are very rare. ___50___ In the future, perhaps dangerous masses of snow and ice can be found and removed before they take human lives
A. It is estimated that the ice that broke off weighed three million tons.
B. It just keeps piling up higher and higher.
C. Scientists are constantly studying the smaller, more common avalanches, to try to understand what causes them.
D. An extremely rare snow and ice disaster hit the south area of China in January, 2008, seriously influencing people’s production and life.
E. But most avalanches occur long before this happens.
F. This year’s snow and ice disaster has caused great harm to power network.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing 10%
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
If you’re anxious about your exams, don’t worry, you’re not alone. Every year, many young people sit exams and whether they love or hate them, most of them will face some anxiety in the lead up to the big day. It might seem like a stressful time when the pressure is on to pass that all-important test but take a deep breath and absorb some good advice from people who’ve been through the same experience as you.
Eating the right food can feed your brain and keep you alert. Nutritional therapist Kerry Torrens recommends making breakfast the most important meal of the day. She recommends eating energy-giving oats and eggs, which contain a nutrient called choline—thought to help cognitive performance and improve memory. And don’t forget to drink lots of water to keep you hydrated — some research even suggests students who take water into the exam hall may even improve their grades.
One thing I know I always need is a good night’s sleep to help me work and think better the next day and that’s what’s recommended for anyone preparing for their exams. If you get good sleep your memory is better and that means you can remember the information you have revised. And it’s good to get relaxed before bedtime too — no watching TV or chatting on social media!
There comes a point when your brain can’t absorb any more information so you’ll also need to know when to stop. Lisa Artis from the Sleep Council says sitting on your bed when you’re cramming (死记硬背) is not a good idea because then you associate that place with stress. Revising for exams can also sometimes seem endless, so it’s good to take breaks and reward yourself with a small treat, like a cake or a quick run around the block.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ. Translation (3%+3%+4%+5%+5%=20%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 应该教会孩子当身陷困境时要向他人寻求帮助。（turn）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________
53. 她在面试前总是感觉很紧张。（butterflies）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________
54. 焦虑影响了这位建筑师的工作，所以他决定找途径来减轻压力。（relieve）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________
55. 失败很有可能是因为过于安于现状，因此对于毕业生而言，遵守规则和勇于创新一样重要。（Chance）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________
56. 让我惊讶的是，这位老人尽管生活条件一般，却已经给慈善组织捐了很多钱并且定期去参加志愿者活动。（despite）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅵ. Guided Writing 25%
57. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高二学生王磊，你的表弟是一名高一学生。最近，你得知他因为交友、学业压力等问题而闷闷不乐。请你写一封信给他，谈谈你的看法和建议。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________闵行三中2023学年第二学期期中考试
高二年级英语学科试卷
满分分值：150分 完卷时间：120分钟
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension 25%
Section A Short Conversations 10%
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. On the bus. B. On the ship. C. On the plane. D. On the train.
2 A. 54 dollars. B. 66 dollars. C. 60 dollars. D. 6 dollars.
3. A. Get up slowly. B. Adjust her position.
C. Stretch legs for a while. D. Shake her body frequently.
4. A. Lily will drive her to the airport. B. She won’t skip the special meeting.
C. She backs up the manager’s plan. D. Lily is available to attend the meeting.
5. A. To be a certified doctor. B. To pursue advanced studies.
C. To get promotion in work. D. To make full preparations for pregnancy.
6. A. The man should follow his parents’ advice. B. The man will find a good job in the future.
C. The man should choose art as his major. D. The man can choose two majors in college.
7. A. He has a mini library. B. He is fond of reading.
C. He dreams to be a librarian. D. He is knowledgeable.
8. A. She was unable to get the discount. B. She lost her student ID card.
C. She left all her money at the dormitory. D. She failed to visit the museum.
9. A. Finish his research paper. B. Revise his research paper.
C. Meet with his tutor. D. Go to the library.
10. A. It’s convenient to shop in supermarkets. B. Supermarkets provides the best services.
C. Customers pay more in convenience stores. D. Certain items sell well in convenience stores.
Section B 15%
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
12. A. Sinan Books. B. Tsukaya Bookstore. C. Deja Vu. D. Duoyun Books.
13. A. It has the highest bookshop ever in China.
B. It is trying a new business model to attract readers.
C. Both new and used books are available in their stores.
D. A forum was held to celebrate the opening of a new branch.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Round edges are more time-consuming than angles in animation.
B. Animation is long considered to be an easy process.
C. Animators strategically simplifies the process by means of gloves.
D Animation wins the popularity because of its fast output and accuracy.
15. A. Because characters in the cartoons were given a personal touch.
B. Because they distinguished the characters’ hands from the bodies.
C. Because Walt Disney pioneered the industry and others followed the suit.
D. Because Mickey Mouse and his friends wrote their signature with gloves.
16. A. What do gloves stand for in Disney B. How did gloves become popular in Disney
C. When were gloves brought into being in Disney D. Why do many Disney characters wear gloves
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the, following longer conversation.
17. A. Open. B. Selfish. C. Friendly. D. Reserved.
18. A. They stay quiet. B. They read a book.
C. They talk about the weather. D. They chat with fellow passengers.
19. A. She was always treated as a foreigner. B. She was eager to visit an English castle.
C. She was never invited to a colleague’s home. D. She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.
20. A. Houses are much quieter. B. Houses provide more privacy.
C. They want to have more space. D. They want a garden of their own.
Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary 15%+10%
Section A 15%
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Smart TV channels a sense of frustration
The phenomenon of watching less or not watching TV has mirrored a plunge in traditional TV sales in recent years.
“I haven’t watched TV at home for almost five years.” The same sentiment is a true portrayal of many Gen-Zers today. In the past when entertainment options _____1_____ (limit), TV dominated. Nowadays, computers, mobile phones and tablets, all of _____2_____ offer more content, have overtaken TV in the viewing stakes.
“Watching _____3_____ (much) or not watching TV is the inevitable result of the diversification of entertainment for young people. The programs offered by the major TV stations is increasingly unable to meet the needs of young people, and a few minutes of advertisements are added at every turn, _____4_____ (make) it difficult to compete with mobile phones and tablets,” says Li Dadi at Haige Business Watch, a public WeChat account _____5_____ (dedicate) to business analysis.
The phenomenon mirrors a plunge in traditional TV sales in recent years. A report by All View Cloud, a data analysis company, says that domestic TV sales in 2020 were 44.5 million units, down 9.1 percent year-on-year; and sales revenue was 120.9 billion yuan ($19.1 billion), down 11.7 percent.
However, not watching traditional TV does not mean _____6_____ (not use) the actual set. The current development of smart TV is not just a tool for watching programs on the box. The three major video content providers, Tencent Video, iQiyi and Youku, have all launched TV applications. People _____7_____ also cast the content of their mobile phones onto the TV at any time. Leaning on the sofa and watching a 55-inch big screen is still much more comfortable than lying on the bed with a 6.1-inch mobile phone.
However, compared with the rapid development and profit growth of internet smart TV, complaints about a decline in service experience have come to light.
A woman’s complaint over her newly bought TV set has echoed across Chinese social media recently. In her video, posted on Douyin, she says most people watching TV now are elders, and a TV cannot be turned on _____8_____ two remote controls at least. After she finally turned it on, advertisements popped up and lasted for more than 10 seconds. The various charging apps, all required to be purchased to allow for viewing, _____9_____ (make) the experience worse. Without a VIP membership, there came another 70-second advertisement _____10_____ she could finally watch a proper TV series. “I miss the simple TV set of my childhood,” she said.
【答案】1. were limited
2. which 3. less
4. making 5. dedicated
6. not using
7. can 8. without
9. made 10. before
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了Z世代人不再看传统电视，转向观看智能电视的现象，文章介绍了智能电视可以灵活选择及要求收费、广告太长等特点。
1题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：在娱乐选择有限的过去，电视占据了主导地位。分析句子可知，空处作谓语，主语options为名词复数，与动词limit构成被动关系，且结合In the past可知，句子描述过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were limited。
【2题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：如今，电脑、手机和平板电脑都提供了更多的内容，在观看方面已经超过了电视。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词与all of构成非限制性定语从句，先行词为computers, mobile phones and tablets，作介词of的引语，表示事物，用which引导。故填which。
【3题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：少看电视或不看电视是年轻人娱乐多样化的必然结果。根据第一段The phenomenon of watching less or not watching TV及句意可知，此处表示“少看电视”，用副词比较级less修饰watch。故填less。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：各大电视台提供的节目越来越不能满足年轻人的需求，而且每次都加几分钟的广告，这使得它很难与手机和平板电脑竞争，”海哥商业观察——一个致力于商业分析的微信公众号——的李大地说。空处为非谓语动词，结合句意，此处为结果状语，且是自然发生的结果，用现在分词。故填making。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处修饰public WeChat account，作后置定语，a public WeChat account与dedicate构成被动关系，用过去分词。故填dedicated。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，不看传统电视并不意味着不用电视机。mean意思为：意味着，空处用动名词作宾语，且为否定形式。故填not using。
【7题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：人们还可以在任何时候将手机上的内容投射到电视上。People为主语，cast为动词原形，空处缺少情态动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“可以，能够”用can。故填can。
【8题详解】
考查介词。句意：在她发布在抖音上的视频中，她说现在看电视的大多数人都是老年人，至少没有两个遥控器是开不了电视的。根据two remote controls可知，空处为介词，结合句意可知，现在的网络电视至少没有两个遥控器是开不了的，空处表示“没有”用without。故填without。
【9题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：各种各样的收费应用程序，都需要购买才能观看，这让体验变得更糟。空处为句子的谓语，结合前文和后文语境可知，这是一般过去时，动词用过去式made。故填made。
【10题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：如果没有VIP会员资格，在她终于能看一部像样电视剧之前，还要再看一个70秒的广告。结合句意，表示“在看电视剧之前还要看广告”，用从属连词before，引导时间状语从句，故填before。
Section B 10%
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. silence B. grouping C. matter D. implication E. consequences F. mental G. solution H. immediate I. worthwhile J. regaining K. satisfy
Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity, even minor distractions can have a huge effect. According to a study, ____11____ our initial drive (动力) following an interruption can take about 20 minutes.
Multitasking, as many studies have shown, is a myth (谬论). A more accurate account of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that we’re rapidly switching between activities, sucking our mental energy. And the ____12____ can be surprisingly serious. An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be interrupted by distractions like emails and text messages.
The trouble is that multitasking is enjoyable. It’s fun to ____13____ your curiosity. Who knows who send the next email or text message and what the content might be Finding out provides ____14____ satisfaction. In contrast, resisting distractions and staying on task requires discipline and ____15____ effort. So, what are we to do
Our strategy is to change the environment to move temptation further away: shut down your email program or ____16____ your phone. It’s a lot easier to stay on task when you’re not continuously fighting off mental desires.
Another ____17____ method is to collect similar activities together, keeping transition time to a minimum point. Instead of spreading phone calls, meetings and emails throughout your day, try ____18____ related tasks so that there are fewer transitions.
In some jobs, multitasking is unavoidable. Some of us truly do need to keep constant connection with our clients, colleagues and managers. So it’s worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only ____19____.
Remember, the more you do to minimize task-switching over the course of the day, the more ability you’ll have for activities that actually ____20____. Even small changes can make a big difference.
【答案】11. J 12. E 13. K 14. H 15. F 16. A 17. I 18. B 19. G 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，当我们全神贯注于一项活动时，即使是很小的分心也会产生巨大的影响，文章介绍了分心产生的危害并提出了具体的解决方案。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：根据一项研究，在中断后恢复我们最初的动力可能需要大约20分钟。根据“our initial drive (动力) following an interruption can take about 20 minutes”可知，此处是指恢复最初的动力，动词regain意为“恢复”，符合句意，作主语，应用动名词。故选J。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：后果可能会非常严重。根据后文“An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be interrupted by distractions like emails and text messages.(一项实验发现，当我们的工作被电子邮件和短信等干扰打断时，我们的智商会下降10分)”可知，此处是指后果可能很严重，名词consequence意为“后果”，符合句意。故选E。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：满足你的好奇心是很有趣的。根据后文“Who knows who send the next email or text message and what the content might be (谁知道下一封邮件或短信是谁发的，内容可能是什么？)”可知，此处是指满足好奇心，动词satisfy意为“满足”，符合句意，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形。故选K。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：找出答案会给你带来即时的满足感。根据“Finding out provides”可知，此处是指即时的满足感，形容词immediate意为“即时的”，符合句意。故选H。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：相比之下，抵制干扰和坚持任务需要自制力和精神上的努力。根据“resisting distractions and staying on task requires discipline and”可知，此处是指精神上的努力，形容词mental意为“精神的”，符合句意。故选F。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们的策略是改变环境，远离诱惑：关闭你的电子邮件程序，或者把手机调成静音。根据“shut down your email program”可知，此处是指把手机调成静音，动词silence意为“使安静”，符合句意，此处是祈使句，应用动词原形。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：另一种有价值的方法是将类似的活动收集在一起，将转换时间保持在最小值。根据“is to collect similar activities together, keeping transition time to a minimum point”可知，此处是指另一种有价值的方法，形容词worthwhile意为“有价值的”，符合句意。故选I。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：不要把电话、会议和电子邮件分散在一天中，试着把相关的任务分组，这样可以减少过渡。根据前文“to collect similar activities together”可知，此处是指把相关的任务分组，动词group意为“将……分组”，符合句意，固定搭配try doing sth.“试着做某事”。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：因此，值得注意的是，限制干扰是唯一的解决方案。根据“limiting disruptions is the only”可知，此处是指限制干扰是唯一的解决方案，名词solution意为“解决方案”，符合句意。故选G。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：记住，你在一天中尽量减少任务切换的次数越多，你就越有能力去做真正重要的事情。根据“the more ability you’ll have for activities that actually”可知，此处是指越有能力去做真正重要的事情，动词matter意为“重要”，符合句意，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，先行词是复数，从句谓语动词使用复数。故选C。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension 45%
Section A 15%
Directions: For each blank in the, following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Charity in Action
In a busy city like Shanghai, the hustle and bustle often overshadow the needs of those less fortunate. However, amidst this chaos, there are still stories of ____21____ and kindness that warm our hearts.
One such story unfolded one sunny afternoon in the heart of the city. Li Hua, a high school student, was walking home from school, ____22____ by the noise and crowds. Suddenly, her attention was caught by a small group of people gathered around a street corner.
Curious, she approached and saw an elderly woman sitting on the ground, ____23____ and alone. Her clothes were tattered, and her face showed signs of ____24____. Li Hua’s heart went out to her, and she knew she had to do something.
Without ____25____, Li Hua reached into her pocket and handed the woman all the money she had. The woman’s eyes lit up with gratitude, and a ____26____ smile spread across her face.
Inspired by this encounter, Li Hua decided to take action. She organized a charity event at her school, ____27____ awareness about the situation of the homeless and poor in the city. She ____28____ flyers, made posters, and even gave a speech to her classmates, urging them to contribute whatever they could.
To her surprise, the response was ____29____. Many students donated their pocket money, while others donated clothes and food. Even teachers and staff got involved, _____30_____ their support.
The charity event was a huge success. Not only did it raise a significant amount of money and goods, but it also _____31_____ a sense of community and unity among the students and staff. More importantly, it _____32_____ the importance of helping others and the impact one individual can have on those in need.
Li Hua’s actions not only _____33_____ the elderly woman that day but also inspired countless others to do their part in making the world a better place. Her story is a reminder that charity is not just about giving money; it’s about _____34_____ a hand to those who need it, about showing compassion and kindness in even the smallest of ways.
In the busy and often impersonal world of Shanghai, Li Hua’s story is a beacon of hope, a reminder that amidst the noise and crowds, there is still room for _____35_____ and compassion.
21.
A. charity B. success C. adventure D. courage
22.
A. advocated B. annoyed C. amused D. amazed
23.
A. happy B. lost C. helpless D. hopeless
24.
A. sorrow B. happiness C. confusion D. surprise
25.
A. hesitation B. permission C. doubt D. invitation
26.
A. sad B. nervous C. warm D. proud
27.
A. reducing B. gaining C. losing D. raising
28.
A. carried out B. gave away C. put up D. took down
29.
A. negative B. indifferent C. overwhelming D. disappointing
30.
A. offering B. demanding C. expecting D. refusing
31.
A. created B. destroyed C. ignored D. avoided
32.
A. ignored B. highlighted C. linked D. analyzed
33.
A. helped B. hurt C. ignored D. frightened
34.
A. shaking B. showing C. lending D. pointing
35.
A. kindness B. wealth C. fame D. power
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了中学生李华在路边帮助了一个老妇人后受到启发，组织了一个慈善项目来帮助在上海的无家可归的人和穷人的事迹。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在这种混乱中，仍然有一些慈善和善良的故事温暖着我们的心。A. charity慈善；B. success成功；C. adventure冒险；D. courage勇气。根据“and kindness that warm our hearts”可知，空处与kindness并列，结合下文李华的善举和慈善活动可知，温暖人心的应该是“慈善”。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：李华，一个高中生，正走在放学回家的路上，被噪音和人群所困扰。A. advocated提倡；B. annoyed使烦恼；C. amused逗乐；D. amazed使惊喜。根据“by the noise and crowds”可知，听到噪音，看到人群，应该十分烦恼。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她好奇地走过去，看见一位老妇人无助地独自坐在地上。A. happy开心的；B. lost丢失的；C. helpless无助的；D. hopeless没有希望的。根据“Her clothes were tattered”及下文“____7____ awareness about the situation of the homeless and poor in the city”可知，老人贫穷，很无助。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的衣服破烂不堪，脸上露出悲伤的表情。A. sorrow悲伤；B. happiness幸福；C. confusion困惑；D. surprise惊讶。根据“saw an elderly woman sitting on the ground, ____3____ and alone. Her clothes were tattered, and her face showed signs”可知，妇人很贫穷，面带悲伤。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：李华毫不犹豫地把手伸进口袋，把她所有的钱都递给了那个女人。A. hesitation犹豫；B. permission允许；C. doubt怀疑；D. invitation邀请。根据“Li Hua reached into her pocket and handed the woman all the money she had.”可知，李华看到妇人需要帮助，没有任何犹豫。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女人的眼睛里充满了感激之情，脸上洋溢着温暖的微笑。A. sad悲伤的；B. nervous紧张的；C. warm温暖的；D. proud骄傲的。根据“The woman’s eyes lit up with gratitude”及“smile”可知，得到了帮助，微笑应该是温暖的。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在学校组织了一场慈善活动，以提高人们对城市中无家可归者和穷人状况的认识。A. reducing减少；B. gaining获得；C. losing丢失；D. raising提升。根据“awareness about the situation of the homeless and poor in the city”可知，raise awareness为固定短语，意思为：提升意识。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她分发传单，制作海报，甚至向同学们发表演讲，敦促他们尽自己所能做出贡献。A. carried out执行；B. gave away赠送，分发；C. put up举起，张贴；D. took down记下，拆除。根据“flyers, made posters, and even gave a speech to her classmates”可知，此处表示李华分发传单，用gave away。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令她惊讶的是，反响非常热烈。A. negative消极的；B. indifferent冷漠的；C. overwhelming巨大的，压倒性的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据后文“Many students donated their pocket money, while others donated clothes and food.”可知，这里表示活动反响很大。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至老师和工作人员也参与进来，提供他们的支持。A. offering提供；B. demanding要求；C. expecting期待；D. refusing拒绝。根据“Even teachers and staff got involved”可知，老师和工作人员也参与进来，提供自己的支持。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它不仅筹集了大量的资金和物资，而且还在学生和员工之间建立了社区和团结的意识。A. created创造；B. destroyed毁坏；C. ignored忽视；D. avoided避免。根据“Not only did it raise a significant amount of money and goods”及“a sense of community and unity”可知，这次活动创造了社区团结意识。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，它强调了帮助他人的重要性，以及一个人对需要帮助的人的影响。A. ignored忽视；B. highlighted强调；C. linked联系；D. analyzed分析。根据“the importance of helping others and the impact one individual can have on those in need”可知，这项活动也强调了帮助他人的重要性。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：李华的行为不仅帮助了那位老妇人，也激励了无数人尽自己的一份力量，让世界变得更美好。A. helped帮助；B. hurt伤害；C. ignored忽视；D. frightened使害怕。根据上文“The woman’s eyes lit up with gratitude, and a ____6____ smile spread across her face.”可知，李华在那天帮助了老妇人。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的故事提醒我们，慈善不仅仅是捐钱；它是关于向需要帮助的人伸出援手，是关于在最小的方面表现出同情和善良。A. shaking摇晃；B. showing展示；C. lending借出；D. pointing指。根据“a hand to those who need it, about showing compassion and kindness in even the smallest of ways”可知，lend a hand为固定短语，意思为：伸出援手、帮助。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在上海这个繁忙而冷漠的世界里，李华的故事是希望的灯塔，提醒人们在喧嚣和拥挤中，仍有善良和同情的空间。A. kindness善良；B. wealth财富；C. fame名声； D. power能力。根据“amidst the noise and crowds, there is still room for ____15____ and compassion”及开头“amidst this chaos, there are still stories of ____1____ and kindness that warm our hearts”可知，在上海，李华的故事提醒人们，在喧嚣中，仍然有善良的空间。故选A项。
Section B 30%
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
On US TV shows, you may sometimes see rubber balls on people’s desks. These balls are known as “stress relief balls”. People can squeeze them when they feel stressed out. It’s believed that by concentrating on the act of squeezing, they can let go of the negative energy in their bodies.
“We don’t all get the big, sunny corner office, the super ergonomic (人体工程学的) chair, or four weeks of vacation at work. A focused activity helps take your mind off the problems of your day,” wrote Joseph Shrand, a professor at Harvard University, in his book Manage Your Stress.
Indeed, stress is a big problem for many people. Fortunately, we have many ways to deal with it. In fact, the rubber stress relief balls that are so popular today in the US are believed to date back to ancient China. Back in the Han Dynasty (BC 202-AD 220), soldiers used walnuts (核桃)to get rid of stress. By squeezing them during moments of anxiety, soldiers were able to calm themselves down before going into battle. And in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368-1644), people started rotating (转动) the walnuts in their hands. Ordinary citizens — not just soldiers — developed the habit of rolling two walnuts, or balls made from iron or stone, around in their hands. This helped them relax as well.
And today, we have many gadgets (器具) and toys that are designed to reduce stress in addition to stress relief balls. One example is the popular fidget spinner (指尖陀螺), which keeps your hand busy with an easy task — spinning the gadget around. There’s also the fidget cube, which features different “gimmicks” (机关) on each side of the cube. You can click, spin, pull, push and rotate different parts of the cube.
These gadgets may look like simple toys, but perhaps we should take them more seriously than they are given credit for. “After all, the history of stress balls is a history of modern-day coping (应对),” reporter Nadia Berenstein wrote for Woolly magazine.
36. What did Shrand suggest people do to relieve stress
A. Move to a big, sunny office. B. Get a comfortable chair.
C. Take a long vacation. D. Concentrate on a simple activity.
37. Where did the idea for stress relief balls originally come from
A. Toys designed for American TV shows. B. Walnuts used by Chinese soldiers before battle.
C. Stone balls from ancient China. D. Gadgets invented in the Ming Dynasty.
38. According to the article, how did ancient Chinese soldiers relieve stress
A. Rotating walnuts B. Playing with fidget spinners
C. Playing with fidget cubes D. Wearing wristbands with small balls
39. The author wrote the article mainly to ______.
A. introduce stress relief toys B. prove that stress is a big problem
C. tell the history of stress relief balls D. offer advice on dealing with stress
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了减压球的历史和演变。
36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段““We don’t all get the big, sunny corner office, the super ergonomic chair, or four weeks of vacation at work. A focused activity helps take your mind off the problems of your day,” wrote Joseph Shrand, a professor at Harvard University, in his book Manage Your Stress.(哈佛大学教授约瑟夫·施兰德在他的《管理你的压力》一书中写道：“我们并不是所有人都能得到宽敞、阳光明媚的角落办公室、超级符合人体工程学的椅子，或者四周的工作假期。一项专注的活动可以帮助你从一天的问题中解脱出来。”)”可知，Shrand建议人们专注于一项简单的活动来减轻压力。故选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In fact, the rubber stress relief balls that are so popular today in the US are believed to date back to ancient China. Back in the Han Dynasty (BC 202-AD 220), soldiers used walnuts to get rid of stress. By squeezing them during moments of anxiety, soldiers were able to calm themselves down before going into battle.(事实上，如今在美国如此流行的橡胶减压球被认为可以追溯到中国古代。早在汉代（公元前202年至公元220年），士兵们就用核桃来减压。士兵们在焦虑的时候挤一挤，就能在战斗前让自己平静下来)”可知，减压球的想法最初来自中国士兵在战斗前使用的核桃。故选B。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“By squeezing them during moments of anxiety, soldiers were able to calm themselves down before going into battle. And in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368-1644), people started rotating (转动) the walnuts in their hands. Ordinary citizens — not just soldiers — developed the habit of rolling two walnuts, or balls made from iron or stone, around in their hands. (士兵们在焦虑的时候挤一挤，就能在战斗前让自己平静下来。在明朝（公元1368-1644年），人们开始转动手中的核桃。普通市民——不仅仅是士兵——养成了在手中滚动两个核桃（或用铁或石头做成的球）的习惯)”可知，古代中国士兵通过转动手上的核桃来释放压力。故选A。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In fact, the rubber stress relief balls that are so popular today in the US are believed to date back to ancient China.(事实上，如今在美国如此流行的橡胶减压球被认为可以追溯到古代中国)”及文章最后一段““After all, the history of stress balls is a history of modern-day coping (应对),” reporter Nadia Berenstein wrote for Woolly magazine.(“毕竟，压力球的历史就是现代应对的历史，”记者纳迪亚·贝伦斯坦在《Woolly》杂志上写道)”可推知，作者写本文是为了说明减压球的历史。故选C。
(B)
▲ Allerton, Liverpool 590,000 A large-area lawn would look at home on a traditional red-brick campus. Six miles south of the University of Liverpool and the “knowledge quarter”, it is part of Allerton Priory, designed and built by Victorian gothic architect Alfred Waterhouse in the early 1800s for a local merchant and now separated into apartments. There’s a three-bedroom duplex (复式) on the lower ground and ground floor. The living room has floor-to-ceiling windows and views of the grounds, and there’s a private gate for residents leading to Allerton Manor sports car club. Fine & Country, 0151-947-0810
▲ Halton, Lancashire 285,000 This environmentally-friendly home is in the eco-settlement of Forgebank in the village of Halton on the outskirts of Lancaster. It may suit the buyers—with conscience and cash—who have chosen to settle close to the city they studied in. The complex sits on the banks of the River Lune and next to the Forest of Bowland. A two-bedroom home covers 1,050 sq ft with a balcony. The funky yellow kitchen cabinetry is by local carpenters. The Modern House, 0203-795-5920
▲ Eddington, Cambridge 689,950 The local government of Cambridge is developing a new sustainable residential district two miles north of the city centre with 3,000 homes, 2,000 postgraduate rooms for the University of Cambridge, sports facilities, a market square and park lot. One of the newest phases is Knights Park. There’s a two-bedroom, two-bathroom luxury flat on the fourth floor of the Florey building with no stamp duty to pay. Hill, 01223-607-200
▲ City centre, Bristol 565,000 This two-bedroom, first-floor apartment is in a pastel-coloured, period townhouse (老式联排别墅指ancientness)on the waterfront in the heart of Bristol’s nightlife,(夜生活中心指modernity)with a parking space, a lift and views of the Floating Harbour and the Arnolfini arts centre. Beyond is the tree-lined Georgian gardens of Queen Square in the old town. The University of Bristol is a 30-minute walk away. Knight Frank, 0117-317-1996
40. Which of the following is TRUE about the house in Allerton
A. It enjoys an open and broad view of nearby grounds.
B. It is located on the campus of the University of Liverpool.
C. It houses the Allerton Manor sports car club on the second floor.
D. It was designed in the early 18th century by a local merchant.
41. Which house advertised boasts a combination of modernity and ancientness
A. Allerton, Liverpool B. Halton, Lancashire
C. Eddington, Cambridge D. City centre, Bristol
42. Alex and Susan, a newly married couple who love sports and own a car, are looking for a two-bedroom house property. They may contact _______ to ask for more information.
A. Fine & Country B. The Modern House
C. Hill D. Knight Frank
【答案】40. A 41. D 42. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章一则房产广告，介绍了几个具有特色的房产。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据Allerton, Liverpool 标题下“The living room has floor-to-ceiling windows and views of the grounds（客厅里有几扇落地窗，可以看到地面上的景色）”可知，Allerton的房子带有落地窗，所以会有很开阔的视野。故选A。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据City centre, Bristol 标题下“This two-bedroom, first-floor apartment is in a pastel-coloured, period townhouse (老式联排别墅指ancientness)on the waterfront in the heart of Bristol’s nightlife,（夜生活中心指modernity)with a parking space（这套两室一层的公寓位于一座色彩柔和的古色古香的联排别墅内，位于布里斯托尔夜生活中心的水边(现代气息)，还有一个停车位）”中的“ancientness”以及“modernity可知City centre, Bristol具备现代性和古典韵味。故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据Eddington, Cambridge标题下“sports facilities, a market square and park lot.(体育设施，市场广场和停车场)”以及“There’s a two-bedroom two-bathroom luxury flat on the fourth floor of the Florey building with no stamp duty to pay(在弗洛里大厦的四楼，有一套两室两卫的豪华公寓，不用交印花税)”可知，Eddington, Cambridge的房子可以满足喜欢运动的购房人对于两居室及停车的需求，可以联系Hill, 01223-607-200。故选C。
(C)
ChatGPT, the new artificial-intelligence technology created by Open AI, has many worrying about the future of education. The two largest public school districts, New York and Los Angeles, have banned the chatbot from their devices and networks, concerned that students may use it to cheat on assignments. Though ChatGPT’s capabilities are limited, it will likely continue to disrupt education as the technology advances.
But educators needn’t fear this change. Such technologies are transformative, but they threaten only the information-centric type of education that is failing to help students succeed. What young people need today is educational models that help them take ownership of their studies. They need instruction that equips them with real-life skills and prepares them for an economy in which rote, mechanical tasks will be increasingly performed by machines. AI may be a useful invention that hastens much-needed educational reform.
Practicing skills to enhance one’s facility with reasoning, analysis and argumentation—rather than memorizing basic information—should be central to learning. These are skills young people will need in future careers and, most important, that AI can’t replicate. Our experience with AI is perhaps best understood when compared with previous disruptions in education. When printed books, for example, began to emerge in the mid-1400s with the advent of the movable type, one can imagine university professors feared that students wouldn’t need to come to class because they could simply buy the book.
Yet in practice, printing had the opposite effect: The number of universities exploded along with the total number of books. The new technology disrupted the mechanical aspect of education, but in doing so it allowed educators to refocus on higher-level skills—the strategic elements rather than the tactical. The same followed the introduction of calculators and spreadsheets, which freed up time that would have been spent memorizing rote algorithms for mathematical problems.
This change didn’t make the underlying skills unnecessary; it merely transformed what could be done with them. The effect of such technology as ChatGPT will likely be similar. The AI will serve as an information-gathering and mechanical-organizing tool, but it won’t eliminate the fundamental need for critical thinking. These skills will persist and only increase in value. Therefore, schools must remember that the value created by education isn’t a head full of facts but a person with the skill to use these facts with the tools available to magnify his effect in the world. AI is best seen as another of these tools, which, when used strategically, can unleash student learning and performance in ways not yet seen.
43. What does this change refer to in Paragraph 2
A. Some public school districts have banned from their devices and networks.
B. The information-centric type of education is failing to help students succeed.
C. Artificial-intelligence technology keeps making new progress nowadays.
D. The development of AI is making a difference to the traditional education.
44. The example of printed books is mentioned to show ______.
A. the new technology disrupts education in our previous experience
B. the movable type printing negatively impacts our university teaching
C. such technology helps shift our attention to students’ higher-level skills
D. AI frees us from memorizing rote algorithms for mathematical problems
45. According to the author, schools are advised to ______.
A. instruct students in obtaining as many facts as possible
B. adopt teaching strategies to enhance students’ performance
C. equip students with necessary skills with the help of AI
D. teach students to magnify the effect of tools in the world
46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. AI can save education from itself. B. ChatGPT disrupts educational reform.
C. AI raises worries about school education. D. ChatGPT transforms education at all levels.
【答案】43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇议论文，作者认为，人工智能对教育产生的影响不会是颠覆性的，学生的批判性思维在正确使用AI帮助下会继续存在并增加其价值，可以用以前所未有的方式释放学生的学习和表现。
【43题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Though ChatGPT’s capabilities are limited, it will likely continue to disrupt education as the technology advances.(虽然ChatGPT的能力有限，但随着技术的进步，它可能会继续扰乱教育)”及全段内容可知，第二段中this change指代“人工智能的发展正在改变传统教育”这个现象。故选D。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ When printed books, for example, began to emerge in the mid-1400s with the advent of the movable type, one can imagine university professors feared that students wouldn’t need to come to class because they could simply buy the book.(例如，当印刷书籍在15世纪中期随着活字印刷术的出现而开始出现时，人们可以想象大学教授担心学生们不需要来上课，因为他们可以简单地买到书)”及第四段“Yet in practice, printing had the opposite effect: The number of universities exploded along with the total number of books. The new technology disrupted the mechanical aspect of education, but in doing so it allowed educators to refocus on higher-level skills—the strategic elements rather than the tactical.(然而在实践中，印刷业却起到了相反的作用：大学的数量随着图书总量的增加而激增。新技术颠覆了教育的机械方面，但这样做也使教育工作者能够重新关注更高层次的技能——战略元素而不是战术)”可知，本段提到印刷书的例子是为了表明人工智能技术能有助于将注意力转移到学生更高层次的技能上。故选C。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The AI will serve as an information-gathering and mechanical-organizing tool, but it won’t eliminate the fundamental need for critical thinking. These skills will persist and only increase in value. Therefore, schools must remember that the value created by education isn’t a head full of facts but a person with the skill to use these facts with the tools available to magnify his effect in the world. AI is best seen as another of these tools, which, when used strategically, can unleash student learning and performance in ways not yet seen.(人工智能将作为信息收集和机械组织工具，但它不会消除对批判性思维的基本需求。这些技能将持续存在并且只会增加其价值。因此，学校必须记住，教育创造的价值不是一个满脑子的事实，而是一个有能力利用这些事实和可用工具来放大他在世界上的影响的人。人工智能最好被视为另一种工具，如果有策略地使用，它可以用以前所未有的方式释放学生的学习和表现)”可知，作者认为学校应该在人工智能的帮助下，采用教学策略提高学生的表现。故选B。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Such technologies are transformative, but they threaten only the information-centric type of education that is failing to help students succeed.(这些技术具有变革性，但它们只威胁到无法帮助学生成功的以信息为中心的教育)”；文章倒数第二段“The new technology disrupted the mechanical aspect of education, but in doing so it allowed educators to refocus on higher-level skills—the strategic elements rather than the tactical.(新技术颠覆了教育的机械方面，但这样做也使教育工作者能够重新关注更高层次的技能——战略元素而不是战术)”及最后一段“The AI will serve as an information-gathering and mechanical-organizing tool, but it won’t eliminate the fundamental need for critical thinking. These skills will persist and only increase in value.(人工智能将作为信息收集和机械组织工具，但它不会消除对批判性思维的基本需求。这些技能将持续存在并且只会增加其价值)”可知，本文介绍了人工智能对教育产生的影响不会是颠覆性的，学生的批判性思维在正确使用AI帮助下会继续存在并增加其价值，A选项“人工智能可以拯救教育本身”与本文主题相符。故选A。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Nature’s Gigantic Snow Plough
On January 10, 1962, an enormous piece of glacier broke away and collapsed down the side of a mountain in Peru. A mere seven minutes later, when cascading ice finally came to a stop ten miles down the mountain, it had taken the lives of 4,000 people. This disaster is one of the most “destructive” examples of a very common event: an avalanche (雪崩) of snow or ice. Because it is extremely cold at very high altitudes, snow rarely melts. ___47___ Glaciers are eventually created when the weight of the snow is so great that the lower layers are pressed into solid ice. ___48___ As snow accumulates on a steep slope, it reaches a critical point at which the slightest vibration will send it sliding into the valley below.
Even an avalanche of light power can be dangerous, but the Peruvian disaster was particularly terrible because it was caused by a heavy layer of ice. ___49___ As it crashed down the steep mountainside like a gigantic snow plough, it swept up trees, boulders and tons of topsoil, and completely crushed and destroyed the six villages that lay in its path.
At present there is no way to predict or avoid such enormous avalanches, but luckily, they are very rare. ___50___ In the future, perhaps dangerous masses of snow and ice can be found and removed before they take human lives
A. It is estimated that the ice that broke off weighed three million tons.
B. It just keeps piling up higher and higher.
C. Scientists are constantly studying the smaller, more common avalanches, to try to understand what causes them.
D. An extremely rare snow and ice disaster hit the south area of China in January, 2008, seriously influencing people’s production and life.
E. But most avalanches occur long before this happens.
F. This year’s snow and ice disaster has caused great harm to power network.
【答案】47. B 48. E 49. A 50. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇科普类说明文。文章主要讲述了1962年1月10日，秘鲁山区一座冰川巨块突然崩裂，滑落山坡，造成4,000余人死亡。此次灾难展示了雪崩的毁灭性。预测和避免此类巨大雪崩目前无法实现，但幸运的是，它们并不常见。
【47题详解】
根据后文“Glaciers are eventually created when the weight of the snow is so great that the lower layers are pressed into solid ice. (当雪的重量非常大，以至于下层被压成坚冰时，最终就会形成冰川)”可知，B项“It just keeps piling up higher and higher.(它只会越堆越高)”中piling up higher and higher与后文“Glaciers are eventually created...the lower layers are pressed into solid ice”相呼应。故选B项。
【48题详解】
根据后文“As snow accumulates on a steep slope, it reaches a critical point at which the slightest vibration will send it sliding into the valley below. (当雪在陡峭的山坡上积聚时，会达到一个临界点，在这个临界点上，最轻微的震动都会使雪滑落到下面的山谷中)”可知，发生雪崩时，雪会在陡峭山坡上积聚，以及前文“Glaciers are eventually created when the weight of the snow is so great that the lower layers are pressed into solid ice. (当雪的重量非常大，以至于下层被压成坚冰时，最终就会形成冰川)”可知，雪在陡峭山坡上积聚是在形成冰川之前。由此可知，E项“But most avalanches occur long before this happens. (但大多数雪崩发生在此之前很久)”承上启下，符合语境，故选E项。
【49题详解】
根据前文“Even an avalanche of light power can be dangerous, but the Peruvian disaster was particularly terrible because it was caused by a heavy layer of ice. (即使是轻型的雪崩也可能是危险的，但秘鲁的灾难特别可怕，因为它是由厚厚的冰层造成的)”以及后文“As it crashed down the steep mountainside like a gigantic snow plough, it swept up trees, boulders and tons of topsoil, and completely crushed and destroyed the six villages that lay in its path. (当它像一个巨大的雪犁一样从陡峭的山坡上冲下来时，卷起了树木、巨石和成吨的表土，并彻底压垮和摧毁了沿途的六个村庄)”可知，A项“It is estimated that the ice that broke off weighed three million tons. (据估计，断裂的冰层重达 300 万吨)”其中weighed three million tons与前文heavy呼应、同时与后文a gigantic snow plough相呼应。故选A项。
【50题详解】
根据前文“At present there is no way to predict or avoid such enormous avalanches, but luckily, they are very rare. (目前还没有办法预测或避免这种巨大的雪崩，但幸运的是，这种雪崩非常罕见)”可知，C项“Scientists are constantly studying the smaller, more common avalanches, to try to understand what causes them. (科学家们一直在研究规模较小、更为常见的雪崩，试图了解造成雪崩的原因)”其中the smaller, more common avalanches与前文no way to predict or avoid such enormous avalanches形成对立关系，表明规模较小的雪崩较为常见，可以进行研究。故选C项。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing 10%
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
If you’re anxious about your exams, don’t worry, you’re not alone. Every year, many young people sit exams and whether they love or hate them, most of them will face some anxiety in the lead up to the big day. It might seem like a stressful time when the pressure is on to pass that all-important test but take a deep breath and absorb some good advice from people who’ve been through the same experience as you.
Eating the right food can feed your brain and keep you alert. Nutritional therapist Kerry Torrens recommends making breakfast the most important meal of the day. She recommends eating energy-giving oats and eggs, which contain a nutrient called choline—thought to help cognitive performance and improve memory. And don’t forget to drink lots of water to keep you hydrated — some research even suggests students who take water into the exam hall may even improve their grades.
One thing I know I always need is a good night’s sleep to help me work and think better the next day and that’s what’s recommended for anyone preparing for their exams. If you get good sleep your memory is better and that means you can remember the information you have revised. And it’s good to get relaxed before bedtime too — no watching TV or chatting on social media!
There comes a point when your brain can’t absorb any more information so you’ll also need to know when to stop. Lisa Artis from the Sleep Council says sitting on your bed when you’re cramming (死记硬背) is not a good idea because then you associate that place with stress. Revising for exams can also sometimes seem endless, so it’s good to take breaks and reward yourself with a small treat, like a cake or a quick run around the block.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】If exam anxiety is getting to you, take comfort in knowing you're not alone. Nutritionist suggests starting your day with brain-boosting foods like oats and eggs. Stay hydrated with water, which may enhance exam performance. Prioritize a good night's sleep for better memory. Taking breaks while studying and rewarding yourself with a small treat are useful to reduce stress.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。如果感到考试焦虑，不止你一个人这样。营养学家建议，每天从燕麦和鸡蛋等健脑食物开始。多喝水可以提高考试成绩。优先保证良好的睡眠，以提高记忆力。学习时休息一下，给自己一点小奖励，有助于减轻压力。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①If you’re anxious about your exams, don’t worry, you’re not alone.
②Eating the right food can feed your brain and keep you alert. Nutritional therapist Kerry Torrens recommends making breakfast the most important meal of the day. She recommends eating energy-giving oats and eggs, which contain a nutrient called choline—thought to help cognitive performance and improve memory.
③And don’t forget to drink lots of water to keep you hydrated — some research even suggests students who take water into the exam hall may even improve their grades.
④One thing I know I always need is a good night’s sleep to help me work and think better the next day and that’s what’s recommended for anyone preparing for their exams.
⑤Revising for exams can also sometimes seem endless, so it’s good to take breaks and reward yourself with a small treat, like a cake or a quick run around the block.
2.缜密构思 将第一个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、5四个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
If exam anxiety is getting to you, take comfort in knowing you're not alone.
Nutritionist suggests starting your day with brain-boosting foods like oats and eggs.
Stay hydrated with water, which may enhance exam performance.
Prioritize a good night's sleep for better memory.
Taking breaks while studying and rewarding yourself with a small treat are useful to reduce stress.
【点睛】[高分句型1]If exam anxiety is getting to you, take comfort in knowing you're not alone.（运用了if引导条件状语从句对原文第一段进行了概括）
[高分句型2]Stay hydrated with water, which may enhance exam performance.（运用了which引导的定语从句对第二段部分内容进行了概括）
Ⅴ. Translation (3%+3%+4%+5%+5%=20%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 应该教会孩子当身陷困境时要向他人寻求帮助。（turn）（汉译英）
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【答案】Children should be taught to turn to others for help when they are in trouble.
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句、被动语态。表示“应该教会孩子”为被动语态，表示“孩子们”用children，表示“应该被教会做某事”用should be taught to do，表示“向他人寻求帮助”用turn to others for help，表示“当身陷困境时”用when引导的时间状语从句，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，表示“身陷困境”用be in trouble，主语为they，be动词用are。故翻译为Children should be taught to turn to others for help when they are in trouble.
53. 她在面试前总是感觉很紧张。（butterflies）（汉译英）
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【答案】She always has butterflies in her stomach before an interview.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态、短语。表示“很紧张”用短语have butterflies in one’s stomach，结合“总是”always可知，句子为一般现在时，主语为she，one’s用her指代，表示“在面试前”用before an interview。故翻译为She always has butterflies in her stomach before an interview.
54. 焦虑影响了这位建筑师的工作，所以他决定找途径来减轻压力。（relieve）（汉译英）
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【答案】Anxiety influenced the architect’s work, so he decided to find a way to relieve his stress.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态、短语。结合句意，此处描述过去的事情，用一般过去时。“焦虑”译为anxiety，为不可数名词；表示“影响”用influence，表示“这位建筑师的工作”用the architect’s work；“所以”用so连接句子，表示“决定做某事”用decide to do，表示“找到……的途径”用find a way to，表示“减轻压力”用relieve his stress。故翻译为Anxiety influenced the architect’s work, so he decided to find a way to relieve his stress.
55. 失败很有可能是因为过于安于现状，因此对于毕业生而言，遵守规则和勇于创新一样重要。（Chance）（汉译英）
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【答案】Chances are that failure results from being content with the status quo, so it is just as important for graduates to follow the rules as to be creative.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、时态和非谓语动词。表示“很可能是”用固定句型Chances are that…，表示“失败”用failure，表示“因为，产生于”为谓语动词，用result from，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数，表示“安于现状”用be content with the status quo，介词from后用动名词作宾语；“因此”用so连接句子，表示“……与……一样重要”用it is just as important…as句型，表示“遵守规则”用follow the rules，表示“勇于创新”用be creative，用不定式作真正句子的主语，it为形式主语，表示“对于毕业生”用for graduates。故翻译为Chances are that failure results from being content with the status quo, so it is just as important for graduates to follow the rules as to be creative.
56. 让我惊讶的是，这位老人尽管生活条件一般，却已经给慈善组织捐了很多钱并且定期去参加志愿者活动。（despite）（汉译英）
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【答案】To my surprise, the old man, despite his modest living conditions, has donated a lot of money to charity organizations and participates in volunteer activities regularly.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、介词、时态。表示“让我惊讶的是”用to one’s+情感名词结构，表示“惊讶”用surprise；主语为the old man“这位老人”，表示“尽管生活条件一般”用despite+名词短语，表示“他一般的生活条件”用his modest living conditions；表示“捐了很多钱给慈善机构”用donate a lot of money to charity organizations，此处谓语为现在完成时；表示“定期去参加志愿者活动”用participate in volunteer activities regularly，此处谓语为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故翻译为To my surprise, the old man, despite his modest living conditions, has donated a lot of money to charity organizations and participates in volunteer activities regularly.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing 25%
57. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高二学生王磊，你的表弟是一名高一学生。最近，你得知他因为交友、学业压力等问题而闷闷不乐。请你写一封信给他，谈谈你的看法和建议。
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【答案】My dear cousin,
I am very concerned when seeing you in low spirits these days. I know that you have been under tremendous pressure from study and friendship, which needs addressing immediately in case it should bring more hazards to you both mentally and physically.
Hard as it is to deal with pressure, I deem some tips might do you good.
For starters, shift your focus. Thinking about the progress you’ve made or looking at what you’ve achieved will help you form a comprehensive understanding of yourself, thus enhancing your self-confidence.
Second, relax. Take some physical exercise or see a movie, and you will find yourself recharged.
Last, sleep well. Sustained pressure will make it hard for you to sleep and lack of sleep will result in less concentration in class, which in turn increase the pressure you suffer.
I hope that you can take my advice.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Lei
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生表弟写封信，对他因为交友、学业压力等问题而闷闷不乐的事情谈谈自己的看法和建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
担忧的：concerned→worried
情绪低落：in low spirits→down in spirits
巨大的：tremendous→giant
某事需要被做：need doing→need to be done
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Take some physical exercise or see a movie, and you will find yourself recharged.
拓展句：If you take some physical exercise or see a movie, you will find yourself recharged.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I know that you have been under tremendous pressure from study and friendship, which needs addressing immediately in case it should bring more hazards to you both mentally and physically. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句和that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Hard as it is to deal with pressure, I deem some tips might do you good. (运用了部分倒装)
[高分句型3] Thinking about the progress you’ve made or looking at what you’ve achieved will help you form a comprehensive understanding of yourself, thus enhancing your self-confidence. (运用了动名词作主语、现在分词作结果状语和what引导的宾语从句)

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