绝密★考试结束前
2024年高考最后一卷（北京卷）
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
When I was little, I’d play chess with my grandfather, and he’d smoke his cigar while telling me stories about growing up, pursuing dreams, and travelling around the world. Yet it was only after he passed away that I 1 how fast his stories had faded away.
Hence the importance of preserving 2 dawned on me, which ultimately changed my previous outlook on remembering our loved ones and the stories we share.
All too often, we take for granted the value that our family histories and personal experiences have had in our lives. They help to 3 who we are, providing markers of our growth. I believe to some degree we are all naturally 4 about our ancestry, but we can be stuck on knowing what questions to ask.
Full of regrets but armed with a newfound 5 , I thought about solutions to help other people record the precious memories for those they love—before it’s too late. As freelancer (自由职业者) platforms became mainstream, I discovered many highly qualified writers were 6 around the world, so I began matching ghostwriters (代笔者) with clients to help them write a book. Then, Story Tree, a memoir-writing service, was 7 .
Since then, we have explored the power of stories and their ability to connect us with our past and 8 the present. It has been documented that learning more about one’s family history has been linked to 9
emotional health, increasing compassion and providing a deeper sense of cultures and traditions.
Among all the heritage stories at Story Tree, family is a dominant theme. Other common themes are love, enterprising spirit, overcoming difficulty, and settling in new surroundings. However, 10 is a thread that always ties these together.
1．A．doubted B．imagined C．realized D．counted
2．A．hobbies B．relationships C．evidences D．memories
3．A．shape B．confirm C．present D．perfect
4．A．certain B．curious C．cautious D．confused
5．A．business B．relief C．purpose D．talent
6．A．available B．accessible C．admirable D．acceptable
7．A．approved B．found C．updated D．born
8．A．catch up with B．put up with C．make sense of D．take advantage of
9．A．risking B．boosting C．assessing D．monitoring
10．A．family B．community C．culture D．history
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
As a variant of American football, flag football is a type of sport in which a player must remove a flag belt from the ball carrier to end a down. The first rule of the game is that contact 11 players is not permitted. Recently, it 12 (gain) great popularity in China among young people. It’s engaging and ridiculously fun. That’s why the percentage of people 13 (join) a flag football club through online channels has risen to a new high level.
B
Old Connections, a telecommunications museum in Seattle, with a working exchange from the 1940s, 14 (show) how telephones brought us together, but also tore us apart. Perhaps it should not be 15 (surprise) that the Internet has brought with it a new wave of horrific destructiveness. History itself is a kind of radio programme, broadcast to us in frequencies that become harder to receive as we forget the old ways. But as long as we keep the ancient exchanges running, we have a way to remember and understand 16 we come from.
C
Wang Dakang, aged 88, is a model of lifelong learning. In the 1980s, he was the first person 17
(accomplish) a round trip of China using only a bicycle. To edit this experience into his book, Wang decided to go to college. At the age of 61, he 18 (admit) into college, majoring in journalism. By 2012, he had completed three majors in college. At present, Wang lives in Leshan, where he spends his days following carefully 19 (plan) routines. His study starts at 6 am every morning, during 20 he reads and takes notes from newspapers. Wang said, “There is so much to learn and I will continue learning until the very end.”
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Enjoy the family-friendly adventure at Dino Park in Myrtle Beach! This exciting museum gives guests the chance to come face-to-face with life-sized dinos! These beasts have a vast history that will spark imagination and allow visitors of all ages to enjoy educational fun.
During your self-guided adventure through Dino Park, you will be treated to up-close views at dazzling animatronics(电子动画) of your favorite scaly dinosaurs. There are more than 20 life-sized dinosaurs to discover. Along the way, you will be able to learn about some awesome dino facts and get your fill of prehistoric fun!
Additionally, visitors will be able to enjoy CGI footage that gives a glimpse into the lives of the dinos. It is the perfect way to learn all about the dinosaurs through interesting facts and hands-on activities. Throughout the museum are various facts about the dinosaurs displayed on informative and colorful posters.
Dino Park activities
Dino Explore Pit: The kids will have a blast diving into the Dino Explore Pit! This ball pit features 100,000 balls offering tons of room to bounce around. It is a fun attraction for all ages to enjoy.
Dig a Dino Fossil: Become a real-life archaeologist as you put your digging skills to the test! Look out for some awesome fossils as you search for the next greatest dinosaur discovery.
Ride a Tyrannosaurus: This fun animatronic ride is perfect for kids who want to experience some thrilling fun! Climb aboard for an action-packed ride that you won’t soon forget.
Play Area: Kids will enjoy burning off some extra energy at the playground area. The playground features dino-themed puzzle floors, bright pictures on the walls, and play equipment featuring a slide and dinosaurs they can climb on.
So, whether you are a longtime dinosaur lover or want to bring the kids to see some moving dino park exhibits, you are sure to have a great time here!
21．At Dino Park, visitors ________.
A．can feel the joy of prehistoric times
B．will be taught animatronics face to face
C．will be able to find the perfect way to see CGI film
D．can participate in hands-on poster making activities
22．Which of the following will remain fresh in the minds of kids
A．Dino Explore Pit. B．Dig a Dino Fossil.
C．Ride a Tyrannosaurus. D．Play Area.
23．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To introduce a variety of life-sized dinosaurs.
B．To recommend a museum with educational fun.
C．To compare the different activities at the Dino Park.
D．To provide archaeologists with some clues about dinosaurs.
B
Ever wonder what happens to spacecraft after they get launched to space Well, that is where my job as an instrument operations engineer comes in. My job consists of planning, generating, and operating scientific instruments in-flight. I am grateful for having worked on missions at Saturn, the Moon, and our own planet Earth.
When I was a high-schooler, I was unsure of what college I wanted to attend, or what major I wanted to choose. After receiving an email from a college called Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), I decided to apply to a summer program they were offering with the encouragement of my mom. After participating in that program, I knew that MIT was the right university for me. The passionate students and boundless opportunities developed a feeling of belonging in me that led me to apply and eventually get accepted.
The most exciting and fulfilling part of being an engineer is that I am able to work on projects that benefit humanity. When people think of the space industry, they picture the outer reaches of our solar system. What they may not imagine is the great body of work being done to study our own home-Earth. I am thankful to have a career that allows me to commit myself to that responsibility.
The highlight of my career has been witnessing the end of the Cassini mission to Saturn. Some of the people on the team had been working on the mission for longer than I had been alive, but they still treated me as one of their own. I was given the opportunity to operate the cameras that would catch breathtaking images of the planet. And when the Cassini spacecraft had run out of fuel, I quickly learned that it was not just the end of the mission, but the end of a team. The night we watched with bittersweet longing as its signal faded to nothing is something that I will always keep in my memories. And while Cassini will be remembered for its historic contributions, what
I will remember it for is the team it brought together.
My friends often ask why a girl could achieve all these. I always grew up a big fan of fiction. I read the Harry Potter books and loved anything fantasy. I realized that a common theme of hero stories is that the hero must always make a choice to start their adventure. If you don’t pick up the sword in your own story because you are afraid of what may happen next, you risk not having a story at all.
24．Why did the author apply to MIT
A．The majors in MIT interested her. B．Her mother urged her to go to MIT.
C．She set this goal as a high-schooler. D．A summer program made her love MIT.
25．What does the author think about her occupation
A．It’s easy to predict what she does. B．It’s hard for a girl to have such a career.
C．She is annoyed by being misunderstood. D．She is proud to work for human well-being.
26．What does the author value most in the Cassini mission
A．Its historic contributions. B．The team it brought together.
C．Breathtaking images of the planet. D．The opportunity to operate the cameras.
27．What can we learn from the story
A．Practice makes perfect. B．No way is impossible to courage.
C．Well begun is half done. D．Time lost cannot be won again.
C
Plants need sunlight for photosynthesis (光合作用), the process of absorbing energy from light to create their own food from carbon dioxide and water. That’s why plants grow and thrive in the warmer months when there is more daylight and are dormant in the colder months.
But this process isn’t particularly efficient and only one percent of the energy contained in sunlight actually ends up in the plant, according to a news release from the University of California, Riverside. Now scientists at the university have found a way to bypass the need for natural photosynthesis and to create food by using artificial photosynthesis. This allows plants to grow in complete darkness. “With our approach we sought to identify a new way of producing food that could break through the limits normally imposed by biological photosynthesis,” corresponding author Robert Jinkerson, a UCR assistant professor of chemical and environmental engineering said in the news release.
The researchers devoted to artificial photosynthesis used a two-step electrocatalytic (电催化) process to convent CO2, water, and electricity into acetate (醋酸盐) — the main ingredient of vinegar — that the plant organisms consumed to grow. The researchers adjusted the electrolyzer, a device that uses electricity to support
the growth of food producing organisms. to come up with the highest levels of acetate ever produced by this method.
The new artificial photosynthesis method could be up to 18 times more efficient than sunlight. Experiments showed that a large range of food producing organisms could be grown using this acetate. “We were able to grow food producing organisms without any contributions from biological photosynthesis,” said Elizabeth Hann, a doctoral candidate in the Jinkerson lab and co-lead author of the study. “This technology is a more efficient method of turning solar energy into food, as compared to food production that relics on biological photosynthesis,” she said.
By eliminating the need for sunlight, he potential of this method to increase food supply in regions with less - than ideal growing conditions is almost endless, according to New Atlas.
Food will be able to be grown almost anywhere, including in space and on other planets. “Imagine someday giant vessels growing tomato plants in the dark and on Mars — how much easier would that be for future Martians ” co-author Martha Orozco-Cárdenas, director of the UCR Plant Transformation Research Center said.
While this may be years off, the potential to grow food using artificial photosynthesis has great value in feeding a hungry place where the population is growing and arable land shrinking. This new method increases the efficiency of food production using less land and minimizes the environmental impact on the planet.
28．What does the underlined word “dormant” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean
A．Fresh. B．Resting. C．Healthy. D．Normal.
29．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The process of artificial photosynthesis.
B．The contribution of natural photosynthesis.
C．The efficiency of sunlight on plant organisms.
D．The wide range of applications of artificial photosynthesis.
30．According to Martha Orozco-Cárdenas, artificial photosynthesis is .
A．accurate B．dangerous C．promising D．impractical
31．What can we learn from the passage
A．Biological photosynthesis can help produce higher quality food.
B．Biological photosynthesis is more efficient in turning solar energy into food.
C．Using artificial photosynthesis may decrease the efficiency of food production.
D．Using artificial photosynthesis to grow food can reduce environmental influence.
D
Virtual reality is rapidly changing the way education is being imparted in some of the leading schools worldwide. The transfer of knowledge is no longer restricted to pen and paper, blackboard and chalk, and PowerPoint presentations. It has taken a turn towards experience-based learning in its truest form. This is so because, with virtual reality, the observers are transported into a whole new world which has been designed to provide visual and touchable stimuli to them, allowing more knowledge to be kept in mind.
In recent years, the concept of virtual reality-based language learning is starting to come into focus. In order to be fluent in any given language, or have a sound grasp of it, you have to be immersed in an environment where it is the primary medium of communication. Think of it like this. If you are learning Spanish in the Netherlands, you won’t have adequate exposure to the language, but if you choose to learn Spanish in Spain, or any other Spanish – speaking country, you are far more likely to succeed, because you will have countless avenues to practice your language skills in a real world setting.
This leads us to an important point — most people who are learning a foreign language are nor exposed to favorable linguistic conditions like the ones mentioned earlier. Virtual reality is seeking to bridge this gap by exposing the subject to a virtual environment where their chosen language is the main mode of communication.
Since the arrival of user-friendly virtual reality gear, some applications have been designed. House of Languages is one of them. It is already available on the Gear VR. It involves an animated raccoon that is looking for you to find certain objects in a virtual environment, whose names would be in the language that you are learning. Often you will hear the name, or the name will appear as a thought - bubble over the raccoon’s head. Then you will have to look through the environment to find the object in question. There are several environments in this VR experience, each with its own set of animated objects.
Virtual reality is definitely showing increasing promise in the educational sector and the day isn’t far away when it will become one of the major media in education. What about you Would you learn a new language in virtual reality
32．Why does the author mention learning Spanish in the Netherlands in Paragraph 2
A．To state that traveling is helpful for language learning.
B．To stress the importance of the language learning environment.
C．To show that some virtual reality applications are available for language learning.
D．To inform us of the favorable learning environment for Spanish in the Netherlands.
33．How does the author develop the passage
A．By giving examples and using quotation.
B．By stating the definition and showing facts.
C．By presenting an opinion and listing figures.
D．By analyzing the problem and providing a solution.
34．What is the author’s attitude towards the use of virtual reality in education
A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Neutral.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
As a doctor, I can give you a lot of useful advice about how to get healthy and stay that way, but you don’t need me to tell you that exercise is good for you. Staying active can benefit the heart, the waistline, even the mind. 35 More than 60% of American adults don’t exercise regularly, and many say they don’t exercise at all. More than 72 million are overweight, and almost all of them would like to lose the extra pounds. So, if exercise is such a good idea, why don’t more people do it
36 Even as I write this, I am watching my two-year-old run around in circles. Kids seem to be born in constant motion, but along the way that behavior changes.
The slowdown occurs for most at the beginning of college. Academic pressure and lack of organized sports are certainly part of the problem. A bigger part may be looking at life changes as an occasion to blow up old rules and not create new ones in their place. 37 The demands of a new job usually mean less time at the gym. How about a new marriage How many times have we seen just-married couples looking a lot heavier in first-anniversary photos than they did in the wedding pictures
38 People who set general goals, like “I will exercise in my free time,” did a far worse job of sticking to that plan than did people who made a firm commitment, like “I will walk to my friend’s house and back every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.”
The good news is, there are solutions to all these. We can begin with exercises as simple as remembering to sit straighter or drink enough water. Specific workout plans can turn a general desire to exercise into a firm commitment. 39
We may never again have the energy of a two-year-old, but getting back even a little of our early-life energy can make our later lives a whole lot healthier.
A．Being in college is certainly part of the problem.
B．This is especially so when it comes to staying fit.
C．Not having a clearly defined exercise plan can hurt.
D．We often wish to go back to our two-year-old selves.
E．For instance, you can schedule a weekly gym visit with friends.
F．Still, there’s a real disconnect between what we know and what we do.
G．The most puzzling part of our inactive nature is that we don’t start out that way.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
The Weight of White Lies
A man taking his mother to a surprise party tells her they’re going to the mall. A woman fibs that the store was out of her overweight boyfriend’s favorite junk food. A tutor assures his student that her spotty resumé looks fine.
Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire.
In recent experiments, participants playing an economic game on a computer received a tip that led them to one of two possible payoffs. Some learned that the sender of the tip had lied to them to secure them a particular option. If the best option had been debatable rather than obvious—such as receiving $10 right away rather than $30 after three months—participants judged that person as less moral for lying and were less satisfied with the outcome, on average, even if it was the one they had previously said they preferred. “People seem to feel they have a right to the truth, and that by taking that away, you diminish their ability to act freely,” says study co-author Matthew Lupoli, a Ph.D．candidate at the University of California, San Diego.
Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts. Recent studies by University of Chicago researcher Emma Levine and colleagues examined both types of lie in hypothetical patient-doctor talks and other contexts.
People in the role of deceiver tended to view the omission of potentially harmful details (such as a poor prognosis) as comparable to or more acceptable than offering a comforting fiction (that a patient’s outlook was favorable). But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. For deceivers, actively committing a lie feels more intentional and might provoke more guilt than omission, Levine says. But the targets of deception “aren’t likely to be sensitive to these differences because they just experience the consequences.”
In general, honesty is probably still the best policy. A lie that provides some emotional benefits and has little
downside could be the closest second.
40．What is the presumption people make when telling a white lie (a lie that’s meant to be good)
41．What are the ways to kindly deceive others
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements.
43．Do you prefer to be honest or tell a white lie when informing your friend of something unpleasant Why (In about 40 words)
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
44．假设你是红星中学学生会“环保部”部长李华。你的英国好友Jim的学校正在征集主题为“Beat Plastic Pollution”的环境保护活动方案，他一时没有想法，写信请你给提供建议。请你用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 简要介绍你的设计方案及理由；
2. 询问意见并表达祝愿。
注意：1．词数 100 左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者小的时候，祖父总给他讲故事，直到祖父去世感悟到故事消失的很快，于是创立了Story Tree，代写故事服务，帮助人们保存回忆。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到他去世后，我才意识到他的故事消失得有多快。A. doubted怀疑；B. imagined想象；C. realized意识到；D. counted数数。根据上文“When I was little, I’d play chess with my grandfather, and he’d smoke his cigar while telling me stories about growing up, pursuing dreams, and travelling around the world.”和下文的yet可知前后是转折关系，因为祖父从小就一直在给我讲故事，所以是直到他去世后，我才意识到他的故事消失得有多快，故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我意识到保存记忆的重要性，这最终改变了我以前对记住我们所爱的人和我们分享的故事的看法。A. hobbies爱好；B. relationships关系；C. evidences证据；D. memories记忆。根据下文“which ultimately changed my previous outlook on remembering our loved ones and the stories we share.”可知这里是说保存记忆的重要性，故选D。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们帮助塑造我们，提供我们成长的标志。 A. shape塑造；B. confirm确认；C. present提出；D. perfect使完善。根据下文“providing markers of our growth.”可知它们帮助塑造我们，让我们成长，故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信在某种程度上，我们都对自己的祖先感到好奇，但我们可能会知道该问什么问题。 A. certain肯定的；B. curious好奇的；C. cautious小心的；D. confused困惑的。根据下文“but we can be stuck on knowing what questions to ask.”可知前后是转折关系，所以我们应该是对祖先好奇，但是实际上我们可能知道我们要问什么问题，故选B。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心中充满遗憾，但有了新目标，我开始思考如何帮助别人为他们所爱的人记录下珍贵的回忆，以免为时过晚。A. business生意；B. relief宽慰；C. purpose目标；D. talent天赋。根据上文“so I began matching ghostwriters (代笔者) with clients to help them write a book. Then, Story Tree, a memoir-writing service,was 　　7　　.”可知这是新发现的目标，去帮助别人记录回忆，故选C。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着自由职业者平台成为主流，我发现世界各地都有很多高素质的作家，所以我开始为客户撮合代笔作家，帮助他们写书。 A. available可用的；B. accessible可使用的；C. admirable令人钦佩的；D. acceptable可接受的。根据上文“As freelancer (自由职业者) platforms became mainstream,”可知，随着自由职业者平台成为主流，我发现世界各地有很多可用的高素质作家，故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，回忆录写作服务“故事树”诞生了。A. approved赞成；B. found发现；C. updated更新；D. born产生，出生。根据上文“so I began matching ghostwriters (代笔者) with clients to help them write a book. Then, Story Tree, a memoir-writing service,was 　　7　　.”可知是这种服务诞生了，故选D。
8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那时起，我们探索了故事的力量，探索了它们将我们与过去联系起来同时理解现在的能力。A. catch up with赶上；B. put up with提出；C. make sense of搞清楚；弄懂；理解；D. take advantage of利用。根据上文“connect us with our past”和下文“a deeper sense of cultures and traditions”可知，此处指将我们与过去联系起来，同时理解现在的能力，故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有文献表明，更多地了解一个人的家族史与促进情绪健康、增加同情心和更深入地了解文化和传统有关。A. risking冒险；B. boosting促进；C. assessing评估；D. monitoring监控。根据下文“increasing compassion and providing a deeper sense of cultures and traditions.”可知前后是并列关系，都是说的好处，所以用促进符合句意，故选B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，家庭是将这些联系在一起的纽带。A. family家庭；B. community社区；C. culture文化；D. history历史。根据上文“Among all the heritage stories at Story Tree, family is a dominant theme.”以及上下文语境可知是family的词汇复现，故选A。
11．between 12．has gained 13．joining
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了夺旗橄榄球在中国年轻人中很受欢迎。
11．考查介词。句意：比赛的第一条规则是球员之间不允许有身体接触。表示“在两者之间”应用介词between。故填between。
12．考查动词时态。句意：最近，它在中国年轻人中很受欢迎。根据时间状语“recently”可知，使用现在完成时，主语为it，助动词用has。故填has gained。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是为什么通过在线渠道加入夺旗橄榄球俱乐部的人的比例上升到一个新的高度。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词has risen，空处需填非谓语动词作定语，people和join为逻辑主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填joining。
14．shows 15．surprising 16．where
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以西雅图的电信博物馆“旧连接”一台从20世纪40年代就开始运作的交换机引入话题，告诉我们要保留古老的交流方式。
14．考查动词时态。句意：西雅图的电信博物馆“旧连接”(Old Connections) 拥有一台从20世纪40年代就开始运作的交换机，它展示了电话是如何让我们走到一起的，但也让我们分开了。此处陈述客观事实，使
用一般现在时，主语Old Connections是专有名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填shows。
15．考查形容词。句意：互联网带来了一波可怕的破坏性浪潮，也许这并不奇怪。空处需填形容词作表语，修饰后文提到的事情，需用-ing结尾的形容词。故填surprising。
16．考查宾语从句。句意：但只要我们保持这种古老的交流，我们就有办法记住和理解我们来自哪里。空处引导宾语从句，句子缺少地点副词，用连接副词where引导。故填where。
17．to accomplish 18．was admitted 19．planned 20．which
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了骑游中国的王大康的人生经历。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：在20世纪80年代，他是第一个只用自行车完成中国往返旅行的人。名词person前面有the first修饰，需填动词不定式作后置定语。故填to accomplish。
18．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：61岁时，他被大学录取了，主修新闻专业。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，be admitted into为固定短语，意为“被……录取”，主语为he，be动词用was。故填was admitted。
19．考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，王住在乐山，在那里他每天都按照精心安排的日程生活。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词routines，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填planned。
20．考查定语从句。句意：他每天早上6点开始学习，在此期间他阅读并从报纸上做笔记。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作介词during的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
21．A 22．C 23．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章对默特尔海滩的迪诺公园进行了介绍。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Along the way, you will be able to learn about some awesome dino facts and get your fill of prehistoric fun!(在此过程中，您将能够了解一些令人敬畏的恐龙事实，并获得史前乐趣！)”可知，在Dino公园，游客可以感受到史前时代的欢乐。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据第六段Ride a Tyrannosaurus最后一句“Climb aboard for an action-packed ride that you won’t soon forget.(登上这趟惊险刺激的旅程，你不会很快忘记。)”可知，“骑暴龙”会让孩子们记忆犹新。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据第一段“Enjoy the family-friendly adventure at Dino Park in Myrtle Beach! This exciting museum gives guests the chance to come face-to-face with life-sized dinos! These beasts have a vast history that will spark imagination and allow visitors of all ages to enjoy educational fun.(在默特尔海滩的迪诺公园享受适
合家庭的冒险吧！这个令人兴奋的博物馆让游客有机会与真人大小的恐龙面对面！这些动物有着丰富的历史，将激发想象力，让所有年龄段的游客都能享受教育的乐趣。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一个具有教育意义的博物馆。故选B。
24．D 25．D 26．B 27．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是一名工程师，工作包括规划、制作和操作飞行中的科学仪器。作者认为自己从事有益于人类的项目，感到感激和满足。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“After receiving an email from a college called Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), I decided to apply to a summer program they were offering with the encouragement of my mom. After participating in that program, I knew that MIT was the right university for me.(在收到一封来自麻省理工学院的电子邮件后，在我妈妈的鼓励下，我决定申请他们提供的暑期项目。在参加了这个项目之后，我知道MIT是适合我的大学)”可知，作者申请麻省理工学院是因为一个暑期项目使她爱上了麻省理工学院。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段“The most exciting and fulfilling part of being an engineer is that I am able to work on projects that benefit humanity.(作为一名工程师，最令人兴奋和满足的部分是我能够从事有益于人类的项目)”以及“What they may not imagine is the great body of work being done to study our own home-Earth. I am thankful to have a career that allows me to commit myself to that responsibility.(他们可能无法想象的是，研究我们自己的家园地球的大量工作正在进行。我很感激有这样一份工作，能让我承担起这样的责任)”可知，作者因自己为人类福祉而工作而自豪。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“And while Cassini will be remembered for its historic contributions, what I will remember it for is the team it brought together.(虽然卡西尼号将因其历史性贡献而被铭记，但我将铭记的是它所凝聚的团队)”可知，在卡西尼号任务中，作者最看重的是它所凝聚的团队。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I realized that a common theme of hero stories is that the hero must always make a choice to start their adventure. If you don’t pick up the sword in your own story because you are afraid of what may happen next, you risk not having a story at all.(我意识到英雄故事的一个共同主题是，英雄必须总是做出选择，开始他们的冒险。如果你在自己的故事中因为害怕接下来可能发生的事情而不拿起剑，你就有可能根本没有故事)”可知，我们能从这个故事中学到“勇者无惧”的道理。故选B。
28．B 29．A 30．C 31．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工光合作用的过程以及积极效果。
28．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“That’s why plants grow and thrive in the warmer months when there is more daylight (这就是为什么植物在温暖的月份生长和茁壮成长)”以及后文“in the colder months”结合常识，可知，植物在阳光充足的温暖月份生长茂盛，而在寒冷的月份休眠。故划线词意思是“休息的”。故选B。
29．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The researchers devoted to artificial photosynthesis used a two-step electrocatalytic (电催化) process to convent CO2, water, and electricity into acetate (醋酸盐) — the main ingredient of vinegar — that the plant organisms consumed to grow. The researchers adjusted the electrolyzer, a device that uses electricity to support the growth of food producing organisms. to come up with the highest levels of acetate ever produced by this method.(致力于人工光合作用的研究人员使用两步电催化过程将二氧化碳、水和电转化为醋酸盐——醋的主要成分——植物有机体消耗醋酸来生长。研究人员调整了电解槽，这是一种利用电力来支持食物生产生物生长的设备。用这种方法生产出了最高水平的醋酸盐)”可知，第三段的主要内容是人工光合作用的过程。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Food will be able to be grown almost anywhere, including in space and on other planets. “Imagine someday giant vessels growing tomato plants in the dark and on Mars — how much easier would that be for future Martians ” co-author Martha Orozco-Cárdenas, director of the UCR Plant Transformation Research Center said.(食物几乎可以在任何地方种植，包括在太空和其他星球上。“想象一下，有一天，巨大的容器在黑暗中在火星上种植番茄——这对未来的火星人来说会容易多少？”UCR植物转化研究中心主任Martha Orozco-Cárdenas说)”可知，Martha Orozco-Cárdenas认为人工光合作用是有希望的。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This new method increases the efficiency of food production using less land and minimizes the environmental impact on the planet.(这种新方法使用更少的土地提高了粮食生产的效率，并最大限度地减少了对地球环境的影响)”可知，利用人工光合作用种植食物可以减少对环境的影响。故选D。
32．B 33．B 34．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟现实正在迅速改变世界上一些顶尖学校传授教育的方式。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段“In recent years, the concept of virtual reality-based language learning is starting to come into focus. In order to be fluent in any given language, or have a sound grasp of it, you have to be immersed in an environment where it is the primary medium of communication. Think of it like this. If you are learning Spanish in the Netherlands, you won’t have adequate exposure to the language, but if you choose to learn Spanish in Spain, or any other Spanish – speaking country, you are far more likely to succeed, because you will have countless avenues to practice your language skills in a real world setting. (近年来，基于虚拟现实的语言学习概
念开始成为人们关注的焦点。为了流利地说任何一种语言，或者对它有一个良好的掌握，你必须沉浸在一个环境中，它是主要的交流媒介。这样想。如果你在荷兰学习西班牙语，你不会有足够的机会接触这门语言，但如果你选择在西班牙或任何其他西班牙语国家学习西班牙语，你更有可能成功，因为你将有无数的途径在现实世界中练习你的语言技能)”可推知，作者在第二段提到在荷兰学习西班牙语以强调语言学习环境的重要性。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据第二段“In recent years, the concept of virtual reality-based language learning is starting to come into focus. (近年来，基于虚拟现实的语言学习概念开始成为人们关注的焦点)”；第三段“This leads us to an important point — most people who are learning a foreign language are nor exposed to favorable linguistic conditions like the ones mentioned earlier. (这就引出了一个重要的问题——大多数正在学习外语的人并没有像前面提到的那样接触到有利的语言条件)”以及倒数第二段“Since the arrival of user-friendly virtual reality gear, some applications have been designed. House of Languages is one of them.( 自从用户友好的虚拟现实设备出现以来，已经设计了一些应用程序。“语言之家”就是其中之一)”可推知，作者通过陈述定义和展示事实展开文章。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Virtual reality is definitely showing increasing promise in the educational sector and the day isn’t far away when it will become one of the major media in education. (虚拟现实无疑在教育领域显示出越来越大的前景，它成为教育领域主要媒体之一的日子已经不远了)”可推知，作者对虚拟现实在教育中的应用积极态度。故选B。
35．F 36．G 37．B 38．C 39．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人们知道运动有益于健康，而人们却不去运动的原因，并提出了如何去运动的建议。
35．根据空前的“Staying active can benefit the heart, the waistline, even the mind.(保持活跃对心脏、腰围、甚至思维都有好处。)”可知，人们知道运动有益健康，根据空后“More than 60% of American adults don’t exercise regularly, and many say they don’t exercise at all.(超过60%的美国成年人不经常锻炼，许多人说他们根本不锻炼。)”可知，调查结果发现，美国成年人大多数却不怎么运动甚至根本不运动，由此可猜测，此空处应承上启下的作用，G选项“Still, there’s a real disconnect between what we know and what we do.(尽管如此，我们所知道的和我们所做的之间还是有很大的差距。)”讲述的是人们想的与做的有差距，起到承上启下的作用。故选F项。
36．根据空前的“So, if exercise is such a good idea, why don’t more people do it (那么，如果运动是一个好主意，为什么不让更多的人去做呢 )”可知，既然运动是好想法，为什么却不去做呢，提出问题，引出下文分
析原因，根据空后的“Even as I write this, I am watching my two-year-old run around in circles.(就在我写这篇文章的时候，我正看着我两岁的儿子在原地打转。)”可知，小孩子还是很喜欢运动的，G选项“The most puzzling part of our inactive nature is that we don’t start out that way.(我们不活跃的天性中最令人费解的部分是，我们一开始并不是这样的。)”讲述的是我们不运动可不是从一开始就这样，与空后内容吻合。故选G项。
37．根据空前的“A bigger part may be looking at life changes as an occasion to blow up old rules and not create new ones in their place.(更大的一部分可能是把生活的变化看作是一个打破旧规则的机会，而不是创造新的规则。)”可知，很大的原因是人们把改变生活看作打破旧规，而不是创建新规，而根据空后“The demands of a new job usually mean less time at the gym.(新工作的要求通常意味着在健身房锻炼的时间更少。)”可知，新工作的要求可能意为着更少锻炼的时间，B选项“This is especially so when it comes to staying fit.(在保持健康方面尤其如此。)”讲述的内容从空前的对改变生活的看法转述到空后的文章谈论的运动与健康的主题中，符合语境。故选B项。
38．根据空后的“People who set general goals, like “I will exercise in my free time,” did a far worse job of sticking to that plan than did people who made a firm commitment, like “I will walk to my friend’s house and back every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.”(那些设定一般目标的人，比如“我要在空闲时间锻炼”，在坚持计划方面的表现要比那些做出坚定承诺的人糟糕得多，比如“我每周一、三、五走路去朋友家，然后回家”。)”可知，该段落分析的是人们不运动与没有恰当的运动规划相关，C选项“Not having a clearly defined exercise plan can hurt.(没有一个明确的锻炼计划会带来伤害。)”讲述的内容概括了本段的主题，内容与空后一致。故选C项。
39．根据空前的“Specific workout plans can turn a general desire to exercise into a firm commitment.(具体的锻炼计划可以把一般的锻炼愿望变成坚定的承诺。)”可知，具体的锻炼计划能把一个锻炼的想法转换为坚定的承诺，分析语篇可知，此空应为具体的做法，E选项“For instance, you can schedule a weekly gym visit with friends.(例如，你可以安排每周和朋友去一次健身房。)”通过举例来说明空前的具体做法，内容与空前一致，逻辑合理。故选E项。
40．①They think what they do is best for that person and can be acceptable.
②It often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. 41．Making up falsehoods and leaving out unpleasant facts. 42．Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements.According to the passage, those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. (The underlined part is false because it is contrary to the statement in the text.) 43．I prefer to be honest. As is known to all, honesty is the best policy when communicating with friends, which contributes to the maintenance of cherished friendship.
While it may be uncomfortable, honesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings or conflicts. On contrast, white lies can damage trust and lead to more significant problems in the long run.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了善意谎言的分量以及相关实验和研究。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire.(即使是善意的欺骗形式也有可接受的程度，而那些知道自己被误导的人并不总是像骗子那样看待它。例如，一个旨在增强某人信心或阻止一个坏习惯的谎言，通常涉及对那个人最好的判断。这种假设可能会适得其反)”可知，当人们说善意的谎言时，他们的假设是他们认为他们所做的是对那个人最好的，是可以接受的。或它通常包括判断什么对那个人是最好的。故答案为①They think what they do is best for that person and can be acceptable. ②It often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person.
41．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts.(不过，编造谎言并不是善意欺骗的唯一方式：你也可以简单地忽略不愉快的事实)”可知，善意欺骗别人的方法有编造谎言，忽略令人不快的事实。故答案为Making up falsehoods and leaving out unpleasant facts.
42．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission.(但那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持性的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍)”可知，错误的部分为“lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements”，根据这篇文章，那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍。（划线部分是错误的，因为它与文中的陈述相反）故答案为Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements. According to the passage, those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. (The underlined part is false because it is contrary to the statement in the text.)
43．考查开放题。根据“当你告诉你的朋友一些不愉快的事情时，你是喜欢诚实还是善意的谎言？为什么？”可回答：我更喜欢诚实。众所周知，诚实是与朋友交往的上策，这有助于保持珍贵的友谊。虽然这可能会让人不舒服，但诚实可以建立信任，防止进一步的误解或冲突。相反，善意的谎言会破坏信任，从长远来看会导致更严重的问题。故答案为I prefer to be honest. As is known to all, honesty is the best policy when communicating with friends, which contributes to the maintenance of cherished friendship. While it may be
uncomfortable, honesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings or conflicts. On contrast, white lies can damage trust and lead to more significant problems in the long run.
44．Dear Jim,
Extremely thrilled to know that you are calling for activity plans themed “Beat Plastic Pollution”, I feel it my privilege to offer mine, hoping to give you a hand.
First, it is a wise choice to propagandize the using of cloth bags instead of plastic bags in school and call for students to spread the behavior to the people around them. Second, make a rule that students should be prevented from using plastic bags, encouraging the use of degradable plastic bags. Finally, collecting and recycling plastic bags are easy to be conducted in school.
I sincerely hope my plan is of benefit to you.
【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。假设你是红星中学学生会“环保部”部长李华。你的英国好友Jim的学校正在征集主题为“Beat Plastic Pollution”的环境保护活动方案，他一时没有想法，写信请你给提供建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
激动的：thrilled→excited/full of excitement
提供：offer→provide/supply
规章制度：rule→regulation
有益的：be of benefit→be beneficial
2.句式拓展：
原句：I sincerely hope my plan is of benefit to you
拓展句：I sincerely hope my plan that I mentioned above is of benefit to you
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Second, make a rule that students should be prevented from using plastic bags, encouraging the use of degradable plastic bags.(运用了that引导同位语从句，现在分词作状语。)
【高分句型2】
Extremely thrilled to know that you are calling for activity plans themed “Beat Plastic Pollution”, I feel it my privilege to offer mine, hoping to give you a hand.(运用了形容词作状语，that引导宾语从句，过去分词作后置定语以及现在分词作状语。)

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