专题08三大从句，并列句和特殊句式
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.（2023年新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
2.（2023年新高考II卷）It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ________ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
3.（2023年浙江卷1月）During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing __ arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
4.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They also need to be ready to give ___interviews___ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is ___42___ they need an English trainer.
【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____wonders___ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.s
【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___borrowing___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【2023年全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”...
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
考点1 并列句
连词 上下文之间的关系
and, both ... and..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... 并列、递进或顺承关系
but(不可与although/though连用), yet, still 转折关系
either ... or ..., not ... but ..., or, or else 选择关系
for(一般不放在句首), so 因果关系
用于“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”的and 条件与结果的关系
用于“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”结构的or 条件与结果的关系
while然而，而 表对比关系
两个或两个以上的简单句用等立连词(或用分号“；”、冒号“：”、逗号“，” 等)连在一起构成的句子叫并列句(compound sentence)。常用的等立连词有 and, so,
not only…but also, neither…nor, either…or, or(或者，否则),otherwise(否则)，but, yet(然而)，still(仍然)，however(然而)，while(而)，whereas(而,反过来)
Hurry up or you may be late for the meeting. Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind.
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.
I gave him all he asked for, yet he was still not satisfied.
考点2 定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系副词有：when, where, why 等。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、
定语等成份。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you (who/that 在句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（who/that 在句中作宾语）
2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换）
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主
语、宾语等。
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。
关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. His father died the year when (in which) he was born. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
He is unlikely to find the place where ( in which) he lived forty years ago.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer
三、判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后
面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例 1. Is this museum you visited a few days ago
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例 2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
四、限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部
分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
This is the house which we bought last month.
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
2)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
注意：关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。
五、介词+关系词
介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that 前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词 when 和 where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club Do you remember the day when you joined our club
六、as, which 非限定性定语从句
由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as 和 which 可代整个主句，相当于 and
this，and that。which 在句子中间。as 引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,
也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型:as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced…
As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as 和 which 的不同之处主要有两点：
1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which 不可。
2）当主句和从句语义一致时,用 as;反之,用 which 来引导非限制性定语从句。
He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
As 的用法
用于 the same… as；such…as 中的 as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. (了解)
先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用 all that 代替)
七、关系代词 that 的用法
1）不用 that 的情况
a 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(×)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词时，只用 that，不用 which。
b 先行词有 the only, the very 修饰时，只用 that。
c 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用 that。
d 先行词既有人，又有物时。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
考点3 名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why
一、主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词 that，whether，if 和连接代词 what，who，which，whatever，whoever 以及连接副词 how，when，where， why 等词引导。that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown. It is known to us how he became a writer.
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首， 而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
(1)It + be + 名词 + that 从句
(2)It + be + 形容词 + that 从句
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that 从句
(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … I
t is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
二、宾语从句
作句子宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1.由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句
由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时，that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的 that 不可省。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
注意：在 demand,order,suggest,decide,insist, desire, demand, request,command 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
2.用 who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever,whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you.
She always thinks of how she can work well.
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
3.用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether 与 if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用 if：
a 引导主语从句并在句首时；b 引导表语从句时；c 引导从句作介词宾语时；d 从句后有“or not”时；e 后接动词不定式时。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay
4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用 不同时态。
I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would 除外)，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象， 则从句仍用现在时态。（详见一般现在时）
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
5.think, believe, imagine, suppose 等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：
We don’t think you are here. I don’t believe he will do so.
三、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用 as if 引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that 从句。
The fact is that we have lost the game. That’s just what I want.
This is where our problem lies.
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain.
需要注意的，当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
四、同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由 that 引导。同位语从句的名词有 advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information， message, news, order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth， wish, word 等。
The news that we won the game is exciting.
I have no idea when he will come back home.
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that 引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分， 一般不能省略。
考点4 状语从句
1)时间状语从句
when, while, as, till(until), whenever, since, after, before, by the time that, hardly( scarcely)…when, no sooner…than, as soon as, the moment/minute(that) Scarcely had he began to work when John came to see him.
Hardly had he finished his talk when someone rose to ask him questions.
2)地点状语从句
where, wherever
Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.
3)条件状语从句
unless, in case, as(so) long as, if, provided(that)/ providing(that), suppose(that), supposing (that)
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
4)原因状语从句
because, as, for, since, now that, considering that(既然),seeing that(鉴于),in that Seeing that you are inexperienced, you are not fit for the work.
5)目的状语从句
so that, in order that…may(might), lest(for fear that)…should(以免，惟恐)
Recently, more schools have been set up so that more children will be able to go to school.
6)结果状状语从句
so…that, such…that
The chairman gave us such an excellent lecture that we’ll never forget it.
7)比较状语从句
as…as, not so…as, more than, the more,…the more This work is more difficult than we thought.
The book disappointed me. It was not half so good as I had expected.
8)方式状语从句
as, as if(though)
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
9)让步状语从句
though, although, even if(even though), however, whatever, no matter(how, where, when), whether…or(不管)
Although I find the problems very difficult, I don’t think they can’t be solved. As young she is, it is natural for her to make such a mistake.
考点4 特殊句式
所谓特殊句式，广义上说，也包括固定句型(参看上述有关知识点)。狭义上说，特殊句式有：there be句型、祈使句、感叹句、省略句、倒装句以及强调句。本专题只涉及高考语法填空的重点内容：倒装句和强调句。
一、倒装句
(一)倒装句种类
英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，这叫做部分倒装。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，这称之为完全倒装。
1.部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，移至主语之前。
①Only by working hard can one succeed.只有努力才能成功。
②Never have I seen her before.我以前没见过她。
③Well do I remember the day I joined the League.入团的那一天，我记忆犹新。
④Little did I think that he could be back alive.我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
2.完全倒装
完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种。
①On her left sat her husband.在她左边坐着她丈夫。
②Here is the book you want.你要的书在这儿。
③Down went the small boat.小船沉下去了。
(二)重难点解读
种类 倒装的条件 例句
部 分 倒 装 含有否定意义的否定词或半否定词(短语)放在句首时，如：否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely 及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition； ①The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other. ②We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work. ③Under no circumstance is she allowed to tell lies to her parents.
表示“刚/一……就……”的句型 ①No sooner had I got to the station than the train left. ②Hardly had they got to the bus stop when the bus suddenly pulled away.
副词only +状语(从句)放在句首时 ①Only then did he realize the importance of English. ②Only when the teacher walked into the classroom did she realize that she had left the speech note at home.
“so...that...和such...that...”句型中的so或such(连同被其修饰的词)位于句首时； So addicted is he to Coca-Cola that he can hardly go without it.
not only..., but also...：前一分句要倒装，后一 分句则不倒装； Not only does he know French,but also he is expert at it.
not until+状语(从句)放在句首时 Not until then did I have any idea what a guided missile was like.
as/though引导的让步状语从句 Child as he is, he has learned a lot.
在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这 些词移至主语之前构成部分倒装 Had you asked me, I would have given you his address. Should the rain stop, the crops would be saved.
用于表示祝愿的祈使句中 May you be in good health!
完 全 倒 装 There be结构。另外，在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有：exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand, remain John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before
用于here, there, now, thus, then +动词+主语的句型中(谓语动词多为be, go, come等) Here comes the bus.
副词away, out, in, up, down等置于句首时 Out rushed the children. Hearing the cat coming, away ran all the mice.
表示地点的介词短语(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首时 Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.
so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是：So + be(have，助动词或情态动词)+主语 与上述句型类似的反义句型是：Neither/nor引导的句子用倒装语序：neither/nor+ be(have，助动词或情态动词)+主语，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法 He went to the film last night. So did I. If you don’t go swimming, nor will I.
形容词短语在句首 代词such在句首 不定式短语在句首 过去分词在句首 现在分词短语在句首 Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists. Such was the story he told me. First to unfold was the map of the world. Gone are the days when he was looked down upon. Covering much of the earth’s surface is a blanket of water.
二、强调句
(一)两种强调句
1.It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋原句的剩余部分
被强调的成分可以是主语(从句)、宾语(从句)和状语(从句)，但不能是定语或谓语。表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it本身没有词义。一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来等各种时态，用It is…that…；如果原句谓语动词是过去范畴的各种时态，则用It was… that…。如果强调的主语为人也可以用who代替that，强调的宾语为人也可以用who或whom代替that。
John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work that has made him what he is today.
约翰的成功与好运无关。是多年来努力工作才铸就了今天的他。
It’s not what we do once in a while that shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.
塑造我们生活的不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们一贯所做的事情。
I don’t mind her criticizing me, but it is how she does it that I object to.
我不介意她对我的批评，不过她那种批评的方式我是反对的。
It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.
在当地向导的帮助下，登山者才得以获救。
2.对谓语动词的强调
It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词do/does或did。有以下情况：
①do用于强调肯定的祈使句以及实义动词为一般现在时的肯定句(主语是第三人称单数改用does)
Do sit down.务必请坐。
Do be careful when you cross the street.过马路时，务必(千万)要小心啊！
They do work hard at English.他们对英语的学习确实很努力。
He does send an email to me every day.他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。
②did用于对实义动词为一般过去时肯定句的强调
He did do his homework yesterday.昨天他确实做了家庭作业。
(二)重难点解读
1.强调句型的变式
一般疑问句式：Is/Was it +被强调部分+ that…；或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ that…
特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词+is/was it that… 或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it+be++被强调部分+ that…
反意疑问句式：It is/was+被强调部分+that…，isn’t / wasn’t it
Was it in 1969 that the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon
美国宇航员成功登上月球是在1969年吗？
What is it that has made Peter what he is today 是什么(力量)造就了今天的他？
It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, wasn’t it
是不是爱丽丝和她的男友把这位老大爷送往医院的？
2.强调句型与其它句型的结合
①与名词从句的结合考查：整个强调句型用作名词从句或者在强调句型中含有名词从句；
②与定语从句的结合考查：在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句，这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂。应特别注意不要混淆定语从句的关系词和强调句型中的that/who部分；
③与not…until句型的结合考查：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that ...；
④与时间状语从句的结合考查：句中含有强调句型又有状语从句。
When I try to find what it is that prevents so many people taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two main causes.当我努力想找出是什么阻止很多人参加这个节目时，我看似乎有两个原因。
It is that he often breaks the schools rules that makes his teacher unsatisfied with him.
正是他经常违反校规使老师对他不满意。
It was after having her first child at a time when my mother was working as a lawyer that she decided to run for
governor of the state.在我母亲做律师的时候生了第一个孩子后，她决定竞选州长。
Is it three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot
那个家里很穷的男孩步行来上学是不是得用三个小时啊？
It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
直到快接近信的末尾，她才提到了她自己的计划。
It was after he got what he had desired that he realized it was not so important.
3.强调句型中的对等结构
在强调句型中，有时强调，not …but…/…not…/…rather than…等连接的平行对等结构，此时既要注重对等结构，又要注意主谓一致，属于较复杂的句式。
句式特征为：
①It is/was not…but…that…不是……而是……
②It is/was…that… not …是……而不是……
③It is /was… not …that…不是……而是……
④It is/was…rather than…that…是……而不是……
It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.
不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢我们不得不做的事情才让我们的生活感到快乐。
It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.
重要的是你的工作能力，而不是你是哪里人或者你是谁。
It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.
不是我们做了多少，而是我们对所做的事情投入了多少爱心对我们的工作才是最有利的。
Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, that is to blame.
就我个人认为，应该受到责备的是销售部经理而不是那些女销售员。
It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新的环境。
4.强调句型的省略形式
句式特征为：在一定的上下文中，强调句的某个部分可以省略。解题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。
—Who is making so much noise in the garden
—It is the children.
其完整形式应是：It is the children that/who are making so much noise in the garden.句意：“谁在花园里这么吵吵闹闹的？”“是孩子们。”
易混易错归纳
1.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）“The virtuous man cherishes a respect for the law, ________the evil man cherishes generous treatment. ”
2.（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）Don’t go to a school specifically for a high school relationship to make someone else happy.
3.（江苏省前黄高级中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测）It is hard for the children to keep their attention focused on their studies with all the noise, and the parents will never be able to concentrate on their business_________ they have to look after their children,” she said.
2024届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷）There is a saying among the archaeological circles in China _________ goes, “A page from a book of the Song Dynasty is worth a tael of gold”.
5.（湖南省邵东市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Wherever you go in Xinjiang, whether the north or south of the Tianshan Mountains, you’ll notice small stands some crispy and delicious nang is sold.
6.（广东省广州市2023-2024学年高三训练试卷）The story centers around the deep friendship between poet Gao Shi and the romantic poet Li Bai offering a brief look into the glorious history of the Tang era, is known for its economic prosperity and cultural advancement.
7.（湖南省三湘创新发展联合体2023-2024学年高三试题）The Art of War is divided into 13 chapters, in _ Sun stresses the importance of positioning in military strategy and flexibility in responding to ever-changing situations on the battlefield.
8.（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题） Huawei withstood strict sanctions from the US govt. and now able to produce their own 5G phones, a great victory! does not kill you will make you stronger!
9.（湖南省益阳市南县第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题） For example, Mary-Jo Saunders is learning a Chinese poem today. ___________ is special is that she is able to recite it without an accent.
10.（2024届福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题）These words of her give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and ___________ carried her through a life of hard choices.
10.（2024届辽宁省本溪市高中高三一模试题）The fresh thin air, snow-covered mountains and graceful animals running on the plains are ___________we’re here-to observe Tibetan antelopes, which are being hunted, legally, for their valuable fur.
11.（江苏省常州市十校2023年高三联合调研）Therefore our findings raise an exciting possibility___________ we may be able to promote health and happiness by developing positive attitudes such as optimism.”
12.（2023-2024学年·哈尔滨·开学考试）Generous husband he might be, he was more than angry with his wife — she spent all their savings on a diamond necklace.
13.（2023-2024·成都·期中）It wasn’t until the day I set foot into the museum I could genuinely comprehend and fully embrace the profound beauty and cultural significance these masterpieces held.
1.（2024·辽宁盘锦·一模）Hopefully, sugar painting, whether it serves as a delicacy 60 an artistic treasure, will continue to last for generations.
2.（2024·山东济南·一模）Everyone considered it out of date, 4 he thought it deserved an important position and was determined to make it appreciated (appreciate) by everyone.
3.（2024·山东济南·一模）Driven by a great passion for guqin, 1 is an ancient Chinese instrument, Li Xiangting, a professor at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing has devoted (devote) nearly 70 years to mastering and promoting it since his first encounter with it.
4.（2024·河南信阳·二模）But 3 its name is really related to the city wall is still a question to be confirmed.
5.（2024·河南信阳·二模）All the books about Ma Mian Qun, whether they are related to costumes, operas 4 cultural relics, only show that the smooth surface without pleats in the middle is called “Ma Mian”, but there is no further (far) explanation for the source of “Ma Mian”.
6.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）The Year of the Dragon is a significant and auspicious year in Chinese culture. Chinese people believe 131 the people born in the Year of the Dragon will be blessed with strength, success, and good luck throughout their lives.
7.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）Those 134 were born in the Year of the Dragon are believed to inherit the dragon’s extraordinary qualities.
8.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）During the Chinese New Year, dragon dances are performed (perform) to chase away evil spirits 137 bring good fortune for the coming year.
9.（2024·安徽淮北·一模）Before foundation of Sui Dynasty, China had continuously (continuous) evacuated several canals, 3 had been suspended due to natural environment.
10.（2024·辽宁鞍山·二模）A new film featuring an overweight woman 11 regains her self-esteem after taking up boxing has sparked a wave of interest in the sport all over the country, especially among women.
11.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）Initially, finding drinking water was a headache for residents: People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day. To ease (ease) this area’s water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, 26 construction was a remarkable engineering achievement.
12.（2024·福建泉州·三模）Additionally, taijiquan has influenced other fitness practices, such as ChiRunning, 38 combines tai chi techniques with running to promote (promote) injury prevention and mindfulness.
13.（2024·湖南衡阳·二模）Since their appearance, they have been regarded (regard) as outstanding Chinese artistic treasures 47 combine technology, art, painting and aesthetics, representing the wisdom and creativity (creative) of the Chinese people.
14.（2024·辽宁盘锦·一模） 53 is so breathtaking about sugar painting is its production process. With hot sugar poured from a small in spoon onto a flat surface, the outline of the figure 54 (draw) with a thick stream of sugar.
15.（2024·湖北·二模）As an architect, not only did Spear renovate (翻新) his own dream house, 66 comes with multiple views of the Great Wall, but he also explored ways to boost the local business and support rural residents.
16.（2024·河南周口·一模）When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival was 1 I looked forward to most.
17.（2024·河南周口·一模） 6 I don’t understand why some people refuse this change.
18.（2024·湖南·一模）The team is devoted (devote) to protecting the 45, 000 square meters of murals (壁画) and more than 2, 400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of 3 takes about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century.
（2024·广东梅州·一模）The most popular place is the Harbin Ice and Snow World, 98 is like a frozen Disneyland, and you can see the big ice and snow castles, carto on sculptures, and enjoy the biggest variety (vary) of snow sports and activities in the world.
20.（2024·辽宁沈阳·一模）As a major entertainment during Lunar New Year’s Eve, the gala marks the joyous moment 10 families gather together to celebrate.
21.（2024·湖南衡阳·一模）China is known as the home of tea. Since ancient times, tea has penetrated Chinese culture, leaving its aroma in poetry, etiquette and customs. Many tea lovers enjoy tea not just for its flavor, 1 for the beauty of tea ceremonies.
22.（2024·湖南衡阳·一模）The earliest batch of tea is often ready to be picked before Qingming, which is observed in early April 3 the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases.专题08三大从句，并列句和特殊句式
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.（2023年新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【答案】 or
【详解】考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。
2.（2023年新高考II卷）It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ________ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
【答案】 and
【详解】考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。
3.（2023年浙江卷1月）During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing __ arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
【答案】and
【详解】考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
4.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They also need to be ready to give ___interviews___ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is ___42___ they need an English trainer.
【42题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____wonders___ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.s
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___borrowing___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【2023年全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”...
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
考点1 并列句
连词 上下文之间的关系
and, both ... and..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... 并列、递进或顺承关系
but(不可与although/though连用), yet, still 转折关系
either ... or ..., not ... but ..., or, or else 选择关系
for(一般不放在句首), so 因果关系
用于“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”的and 条件与结果的关系
用于“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”结构的or 条件与结果的关系
while然而，而 表对比关系
两个或两个以上的简单句用等立连词(或用分号“；”、冒号“：”、逗号“，” 等)连在一起构成的句子叫并列句(compound sentence)。常用的等立连词有 and, so,
not only…but also, neither…nor, either…or, or(或者，否则),otherwise(否则)，but, yet(然而)，still(仍然)，however(然而)，while(而)，whereas(而,反过来)
Hurry up or you may be late for the meeting. Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind.
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.
I gave him all he asked for, yet he was still not satisfied.
考点2 定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系副词有：when, where, why 等。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、
定语等成份。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you (who/that 在句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（who/that 在句中作宾语）
2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换）
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主
语、宾语等。
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。
关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. His father died the year when (in which) he was born. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
He is unlikely to find the place where ( in which) he lived forty years ago.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer
三、判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后
面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例 1. Is this museum you visited a few days ago
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例 2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
四、限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部
分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
This is the house which we bought last month.
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
2)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
注意：关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。
五、介词+关系词
介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that 前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词 when 和 where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club Do you remember the day when you joined our club
六、as, which 非限定性定语从句
由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as 和 which 可代整个主句，相当于 and
this，and that。which 在句子中间。as 引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,
也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型:as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced…
As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as 和 which 的不同之处主要有两点：
1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which 不可。
2）当主句和从句语义一致时,用 as;反之,用 which 来引导非限制性定语从句。
He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
As 的用法
用于 the same… as；such…as 中的 as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. (了解)
先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用 all that 代替)
七、关系代词 that 的用法
1）不用 that 的情况
a 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(×)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词时，只用 that，不用 which。
b 先行词有 the only, the very 修饰时，只用 that。
c 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用 that。
d 先行词既有人，又有物时。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
考点3 名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why
一、主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词 that，whether，if 和连接代词 what，who，which，whatever，whoever 以及连接副词 how，when，where， why 等词引导。that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown. It is known to us how he became a writer.
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首， 而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
(1)It + be + 名词 + that 从句
(2)It + be + 形容词 + that 从句
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that 从句
(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … I
t is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
二、宾语从句
作句子宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1.由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句
由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时，that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的 that 不可省。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
注意：在 demand,order,suggest,decide,insist, desire, demand, request,command 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
2.用 who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever,whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you.
She always thinks of how she can work well.
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
3.用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether 与 if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用 if：
a 引导主语从句并在句首时；b 引导表语从句时；c 引导从句作介词宾语时；d 从句后有“or not”时；e 后接动词不定式时。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay
4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用 不同时态。
I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would 除外)，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象， 则从句仍用现在时态。（详见一般现在时）
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
5.think, believe, imagine, suppose 等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：
We don’t think you are here. I don’t believe he will do so.
三、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用 as if 引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that 从句。
The fact is that we have lost the game. That’s just what I want.
This is where our problem lies.
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain.
需要注意的，当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
四、同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由 that 引导。同位语从句的名词有 advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information， message, news, order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth， wish, word 等。
The news that we won the game is exciting.
I have no idea when he will come back home.
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that 引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分， 一般不能省略。
考点4 状语从句
1)时间状语从句
when, while, as, till(until), whenever, since, after, before, by the time that, hardly( scarcely)…when, no sooner…than, as soon as, the moment/minute(that) Scarcely had he began to work when John came to see him.
Hardly had he finished his talk when someone rose to ask him questions.
2)地点状语从句
where, wherever
Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.
3)条件状语从句
unless, in case, as(so) long as, if, provided(that)/ providing(that), suppose(that), supposing (that)
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
4)原因状语从句
because, as, for, since, now that, considering that(既然),seeing that(鉴于),in that Seeing that you are inexperienced, you are not fit for the work.
5)目的状语从句
so that, in order that…may(might), lest(for fear that)…should(以免，惟恐)
Recently, more schools have been set up so that more children will be able to go to school.
6)结果状状语从句
so…that, such…that
The chairman gave us such an excellent lecture that we’ll never forget it.
7)比较状语从句
as…as, not so…as, more than, the more,…the more This work is more difficult than we thought.
The book disappointed me. It was not half so good as I had expected.
8)方式状语从句
as, as if(though)
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
9)让步状语从句
though, although, even if(even though), however, whatever, no matter(how, where, when), whether…or(不管)
Although I find the problems very difficult, I don’t think they can’t be solved. As young she is, it is natural for her to make such a mistake.
考点4 特殊句式
所谓特殊句式，广义上说，也包括固定句型(参看上述有关知识点)。狭义上说，特殊句式有：there be句型、祈使句、感叹句、省略句、倒装句以及强调句。本专题只涉及高考语法填空的重点内容：倒装句和强调句。
一、倒装句
(一)倒装句种类
英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，这叫做部分倒装。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，这称之为完全倒装。
1.部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，移至主语之前。
①Only by working hard can one succeed.只有努力才能成功。
②Never have I seen her before.我以前没见过她。
③Well do I remember the day I joined the League.入团的那一天，我记忆犹新。
④Little did I think that he could be back alive.我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
2.完全倒装
完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种。
①On her left sat her husband.在她左边坐着她丈夫。
②Here is the book you want.你要的书在这儿。
③Down went the small boat.小船沉下去了。
(二)重难点解读
种类 倒装的条件 例句
部 分 倒 装 含有否定意义的否定词或半否定词(短语)放在句首时，如：否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely 及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition； ①The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other. ②We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work. ③Under no circumstance is she allowed to tell lies to her parents.
表示“刚/一……就……”的句型 ①No sooner had I got to the station than the train left. ②Hardly had they got to the bus stop when the bus suddenly pulled away.
副词only +状语(从句)放在句首时 ①Only then did he realize the importance of English. ②Only when the teacher walked into the classroom did she realize that she had left the speech note at home.
“so...that...和such...that...”句型中的so或such(连同被其修饰的词)位于句首时； So addicted is he to Coca-Cola that he can hardly go without it.
not only..., but also...：前一分句要倒装，后一 分句则不倒装； Not only does he know French,but also he is expert at it.
not until+状语(从句)放在句首时 Not until then did I have any idea what a guided missile was like.
as/though引导的让步状语从句 Child as he is, he has learned a lot.
在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这 些词移至主语之前构成部分倒装 Had you asked me, I would have given you his address. Should the rain stop, the crops would be saved.
用于表示祝愿的祈使句中 May you be in good health!
完 全 倒 装 There be结构。另外，在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有：exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand, remain John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before
用于here, there, now, thus, then +动词+主语的句型中(谓语动词多为be, go, come等) Here comes the bus.
副词away, out, in, up, down等置于句首时 Out rushed the children. Hearing the cat coming, away ran all the mice.
表示地点的介词短语(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首时 Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.
so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是：So + be(have，助动词或情态动词)+主语 与上述句型类似的反义句型是：Neither/nor引导的句子用倒装语序：neither/nor+ be(have，助动词或情态动词)+主语，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法 He went to the film last night. So did I. If you don’t go swimming, nor will I.
形容词短语在句首 代词such在句首 不定式短语在句首 过去分词在句首 现在分词短语在句首 Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists. Such was the story he told me. First to unfold was the map of the world. Gone are the days when he was looked down upon. Covering much of the earth’s surface is a blanket of water.
二、强调句
(一)两种强调句
1.It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋原句的剩余部分
被强调的成分可以是主语(从句)、宾语(从句)和状语(从句)，但不能是定语或谓语。表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it本身没有词义。一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来等各种时态，用It is…that…；如果原句谓语动词是过去范畴的各种时态，则用It was… that…。如果强调的主语为人也可以用who代替that，强调的宾语为人也可以用who或whom代替that。
John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work that has made him what he is today.
约翰的成功与好运无关。是多年来努力工作才铸就了今天的他。
It’s not what we do once in a while that shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.
塑造我们生活的不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们一贯所做的事情。
I don’t mind her criticizing me, but it is how she does it that I object to.
我不介意她对我的批评，不过她那种批评的方式我是反对的。
It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.
在当地向导的帮助下，登山者才得以获救。
2.对谓语动词的强调
It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词do/does或did。有以下情况：
①do用于强调肯定的祈使句以及实义动词为一般现在时的肯定句(主语是第三人称单数改用does)
Do sit down.务必请坐。
Do be careful when you cross the street.过马路时，务必(千万)要小心啊！
They do work hard at English.他们对英语的学习确实很努力。
He does send an email to me every day.他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。
②did用于对实义动词为一般过去时肯定句的强调
He did do his homework yesterday.昨天他确实做了家庭作业。
(二)重难点解读
1.强调句型的变式
一般疑问句式：Is/Was it +被强调部分+ that…；或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ that…
特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词+is/was it that… 或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it+be++被强调部分+ that…
反意疑问句式：It is/was+被强调部分+that…，isn’t / wasn’t it
Was it in 1969 that the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon
美国宇航员成功登上月球是在1969年吗？
What is it that has made Peter what he is today 是什么(力量)造就了今天的他？
It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, wasn’t it
是不是爱丽丝和她的男友把这位老大爷送往医院的？
2.强调句型与其它句型的结合
①与名词从句的结合考查：整个强调句型用作名词从句或者在强调句型中含有名词从句；
②与定语从句的结合考查：在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句，这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂。应特别注意不要混淆定语从句的关系词和强调句型中的that/who部分；
③与not…until句型的结合考查：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that ...；
④与时间状语从句的结合考查：句中含有强调句型又有状语从句。
When I try to find what it is that prevents so many people taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two main causes.当我努力想找出是什么阻止很多人参加这个节目时，我看似乎有两个原因。
It is that he often breaks the schools rules that makes his teacher unsatisfied with him.
正是他经常违反校规使老师对他不满意。
It was after having her first child at a time when my mother was working as a lawyer that she decided to run for
governor of the state.在我母亲做律师的时候生了第一个孩子后，她决定竞选州长。
Is it three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot
那个家里很穷的男孩步行来上学是不是得用三个小时啊？
It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
直到快接近信的末尾，她才提到了她自己的计划。
It was after he got what he had desired that he realized it was not so important.
3.强调句型中的对等结构
在强调句型中，有时强调，not …but…/…not…/…rather than…等连接的平行对等结构，此时既要注重对等结构，又要注意主谓一致，属于较复杂的句式。
句式特征为：
①It is/was not…but…that…不是……而是……
②It is/was…that… not …是……而不是……
③It is /was… not …that…不是……而是……
④It is/was…rather than…that…是……而不是……
It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.
不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢我们不得不做的事情才让我们的生活感到快乐。
It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.
重要的是你的工作能力，而不是你是哪里人或者你是谁。
It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.
不是我们做了多少，而是我们对所做的事情投入了多少爱心对我们的工作才是最有利的。
Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, that is to blame.
就我个人认为，应该受到责备的是销售部经理而不是那些女销售员。
It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新的环境。
4.强调句型的省略形式
句式特征为：在一定的上下文中，强调句的某个部分可以省略。解题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。
—Who is making so much noise in the garden
—It is the children.
其完整形式应是：It is the children that/who are making so much noise in the garden.句意：“谁在花园里这么吵吵闹闹的？”“是孩子们。”
易混易错归纳
1.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）“The virtuous man cherishes a respect for the law, ________the evil man cherishes generous treatment. ”
易错分析：考生容易忽略while表对比的含义，且句意理解错误。
【答案】while
【解析】考查连词。句意：有德的人看重律法，然而恶人看重厚待。分析句子可知，空处需填连词while，表示对比，故填while。
2.（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）Don’t go to a school specifically for a high school relationship to make someone else happy.
易错分析：本题容易不会分析正确的句子结构，继而句意翻译不当。
【答案】or
【解析】考查并列连词。句意：不要专门为了一段高中恋情或者让别人开心而去一所学校上学。这里的“for a high school relationship”和“to make someone else happy”是选择关系否定句中，表示“或者”应用连词or。故填or。
3.（江苏省前黄高级中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测）It is hard for the children to keep their attention focused on their studies with all the noise, and the parents will never be able to concentrate on their business_________ they have to look after their children,” she said.
【答案】if
【解析】考查连词。句意：孩子们很难把注意力集中在学习上，如果父母要照顾孩子，他们就永远无法集中精力在生意上。分析句子成分可知，空处应为连词，且结合句意，从句为主句的条件，故应为if引导的条件状语从句。故填if。
2024届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷）There is a saying among the archaeological circles in China _________ goes, “A page from a book of the Song Dynasty is worth a tael of gold”.
易错分析：句子结构分析不当引起句意不清，误判先行词为表示地点的China。牢记关系代词才可在从句中作主语。
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国考古界有一句俗语，“一页宋版，一两黄金”，指的是这些古籍的重要性和很高的价值。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词saying，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
5.（湖南省邵东市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Wherever you go in Xinjiang, whether the north or south of the Tianshan Mountains, you’ll notice small stands some crispy and delicious nang is sold.
易错分析：对stand的熟词生义不熟悉，且句子结构分析不当，影响句意及定语从句中句子成分的判断。
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无论你走到新疆的哪个地方，无论是天山的北部还是南部，你都会注意到卖酥脆可口馕的小摊。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stands，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这些小摊上”，应使用关系副词where。故填where。
6.（广东省广州市2023-2024学年高三训练试卷）The story centers around the deep friendship between poet Gao Shi and the romantic poet Li Bai offering a brief look into the glorious history of the Tang era, is known for its economic prosperity and cultural advancement.
易错分析：分析长句时容易忽略定语从句的类型，有逗号的为非限制性定语从句，不可用that。
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：故事围绕诗人高石和浪漫主义诗人李白之间的深厚友谊展开，简要介绍了以经济繁荣和文化进步而闻名的唐朝的辉煌历史。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是the Tang era，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
7.（湖南省三湘创新发展联合体2023-2024学年高三试题）The Art of War is divided into 13 chapters, in _ Sun stresses the importance of positioning in military strategy and flexibility in responding to ever-changing situations on the battlefield.
易错分析：定语从句中充当介词宾语且指物时，用which，本题易错用that。
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：《孙子兵法》共分13章，在这些章节中，孙强调了军事战略中的定位和灵活应对战场上不断变化的情况的重要性。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词13 chapters指物，在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，需用which引导。故填which。
8.（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题） Huawei withstood strict sanctions from the US govt. and now able to produce their own 5G phones, a great victory! does not kill you will make you stronger!
易错分析：谓语动词判断错误容易易引起句子结构的误判，两个动词时需先判断主句谓语动词。
【答案】what
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：杀不死你的，会让你更强大！引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指“……的东西”应用what。故填what。
9.（湖南省益阳市南县第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题） For example, Mary-Jo Saunders is learning a Chinese poem today. ___________ is special is that she is able to recite it without an accent.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：特别的是，她能毫无口音地背出来。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，“什么”的意思，用连词what，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
10.（2024届福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题）These words of her give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and ___________ carried her through a life of hard choices.
易错分析：本题因为句子成分判断错误引起句意理解不当，从而影响并列连词and之后的句子成分和句意。
【答案】 what
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：她的这些话让我们看到了这位了不起的女人的内心，以及是什么让她度过了艰难的人生选择。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作介词into的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
10.（2024届辽宁省本溪市高中高三一模试题）The fresh thin air, snow-covered mountains and graceful animals running on the plains are ___________we’re here-to observe Tibetan antelopes, which are being hunted, legally, for their valuable fur.
易错分析：表语从句中往往涉及长句，则句子结构分析和句意都不可忽视。
【答案】why
【解析】考查表语从句连接词。句意：清新稀薄的空气，白雪覆盖的山脉和优雅的动物在平原上奔跑，这就是我们来到这里的原因——观察藏羚羊，它们被非法猎杀，以获取宝贵的皮毛。根据谓语动词“are”可知，空处引导表语从句，在句中作状语；根据句意，应用连接副词why，表示“我们为什么来到这里”。故填why。
11.（江苏省常州市十校2023年高三联合调研）Therefore our findings raise an exciting possibility___________ we may be able to promote health and happiness by developing positive attitudes such as optimism.”
易错分析：同位语从句经常修饰的名词记忆不牢，而且句子较长容易引起句意理解错误。
【答案】that
【解析】考查连接词。句意：因此，我们的发现提出了一种令人兴奋的可能性，即我们可以通过培养乐观等积极态度来促进健康和幸福。本句为同位语从句修饰possibility，且从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导。故填that。
12.（2023-2024学年·哈尔滨·开学考试）Generous husband he might be, he was more than angry with his wife — she spent all their savings on a diamond necklace.
易错分析：对部分倒装句基础知识掌握不牢，对as用法掌握不全面。
【答案】as /though
【解析】考查让步状语从句和倒装句。句意：尽管他可能是个慷慨的丈夫，但他对妻子非常生气——她把他们所有的积蓄都花在一条钻石项链上了。分析句子，设空处引导的是让步状语从句，表示“尽管”用as/though，此处构成了倒装表语的结构。故填as/though。
13.（2023-2024·成都·期中）It wasn’t until the day I set foot into the museum I could genuinely comprehend and fully embrace the profound beauty and cultural significance these masterpieces held.
易错分析：对强调句结构不熟练导致本句翻译受阻，句意不清。
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意：直到我走进博物馆的那一天，我才真正理解并完全拥抱了这些杰作所蕴含的深刻美和文化意义。强调句结构为“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子其它部分”；分析句子可知，句中使用了强调句，原句为...not...until...句型：I could not genuinely comprehend and fully embrace the profound beauty and cultural significance these masterpieces held until the day I set foot into the museum，本句中强调的是原句中时间状语从句“until the day I set foot into the museum”，句子其它部分由that引出。故填that。
1.（2024·辽宁盘锦·一模）Hopefully, sugar painting, whether it serves as a delicacy 60 an artistic treasure, will continue to last for generations.
考查固定句型。句意：希望糖画，无论是作为美食还是艺术珍品，都能代代相传。固定句型whether…or…表示“无论是……还是……”。故填or。
2.（2024·山东济南·一模）Everyone considered it out of date, 4 he thought it deserved an important position and was determined to make it appreciated (appreciate) by everyone.
考查连词。句意：每个人都认为它过时了，但他认为它应该享有一个重要的地位，并决心让每个人都欣赏它。空处前后为完整的句子，上文表示“每个人都认为古琴过时了”，下文表示“他认为古琴应该享有一个重要的地位”，上下文语义构成转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but或yet连接上下文。故填but或yet。
3.（2024·山东济南·一模）Driven by a great passion for guqin, 1 is an ancient Chinese instrument, Li Xiangting, a professor at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing has devoted (devote) nearly 70 years to mastering and promoting it since his first encounter with it.
考查定语从句。句意：古琴是一种古老的中国乐器，出于对它的热爱，北京中央音乐学院教授李祥霆从第一次接触古琴开始，就花了近70年的时间来掌握和推广它。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是guqin，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4.（2024·河南信阳·二模）But 3 its name is really related to the city wall is still a question to be confirmed.
考查主语从句。句意：但它的名字是否真的与城墙有关，仍然是一个有待证实的问题。分析句子结构可知，本空引导主语从句，结合句意可知，从句缺少“是否”的含义，应用whether引导。故填whether。
5.（2024·河南信阳·二模）All the books about Ma Mian Qun, whether they are related to costumes, operas 4 cultural relics, only show that the smooth surface without pleats in the middle is called “Ma Mian”, but there is no further (far) explanation for the source of “Ma Mian”.
考查连词。句意：所有关于马棉群的书籍，无论是与服装、戏剧还是文物有关的，都只表明中间没有褶皱的光滑表面被称为“马面”，而对“马面”的来源并没有进一步的说明。根据句意可知，本空前后为选择关系，用连词or连接。故填or。
6.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）The Year of the Dragon is a significant and auspicious year in Chinese culture. Chinese people believe 131 the people born in the Year of the Dragon will be blessed with strength, success, and good luck throughout their lives.
考查宾语从句。句意：中国人相信龙年出生的人一生都会被赐予力量、成功和好运。该空需要一个连接词引导宾语从句作believe的宾语，从句中不缺句子成分且意义完整，应填连词that。故填that。
7.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）Those 134 were born in the Year of the Dragon are believed to inherit the dragon’s extraordinary qualities.
考查定语从句 。句意：在龙年出生的人被认为继承了龙的非凡品质。该空需要一个关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词those，并指代先行词在从句中作主语。先行词为不定代词指代人时，关系词一般使用关系代词who。故填who。
8.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）During the Chinese New Year, dragon dances are performed (perform) to chase away evil spirits 137 bring good fortune for the coming year.
考查并列连词。句意：在中国新年期间，舞龙是为了赶走恶鬼，为来年带来好运。chase away evil spirits和 bring good fortune for the coming year在句中为并列的目的状语，应填并列连词。故填and。
9.（2024·安徽淮北·一模）Before foundation of Sui Dynasty, China had continuously (continuous) evacuated several canals, 3 had been suspended due to natural environment.
3．考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词canals，从句中作主语，引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词which，故填which。
10.（2024·辽宁鞍山·二模）A new film featuring an overweight woman 11 regains her self-esteem after taking up boxing has sparked a wave of interest in the sport all over the country, especially among women.
考查定语从句。句意：一部新电影讲述了一个超重的女人在练习拳击后重拾自尊的故事，这部电影在全国引发了一股对这项运动的兴趣，尤其是在女性中。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为woman，所以应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
11.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）Initially, finding drinking water was a headache for residents: People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day. To ease (ease) this area’s water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, 26 construction was a remarkable engineering achievement.
考查定语从句。句意：为了缓解这一地区的缺水问题，当地政府决定在山区修建一条运河，这是一项了不起的工程成就。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词canal，关系词在从句作定语，应用whose。故填whose。
12.（2024·福建泉州·三模）Additionally, taijiquan has influenced other fitness practices, such as ChiRunning, 38 combines tai chi techniques with running to promote (promote) injury prevention and mindfulness.
考查定语从句。句意：此外，太极拳还影响了其他的健身运动，比如“太极跑”，它将太极技术与跑步相结合，以促进伤害预防和专注。分析句意可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词ChiRunning是物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填which。
13.（2024·湖南衡阳·二模）Since their appearance, they have been regarded (regard) as outstanding Chinese artistic treasures 47 combine technology, art, painting and aesthetics, representing the wisdom and creativity (creative) of the Chinese people.
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自出现以来，它们就被认为是中国杰出的艺术珍品，集技术、艺术、绘画和美学于一体，代表了中国人民的智慧和创造力。由Since可知，句子时态是现在完成时，它们被认为是中国杰出的艺术珍品，因此空格处用现在完成时的被动语态，主语they是复数，因此空格处是have been regarded。故填。
14.（2024·辽宁盘锦·一模） 53 is so breathtaking about sugar painting is its production process. With hot sugar poured from a small in spoon onto a flat surface, the outline of the figure 54 (draw) with a thick stream of sugar.
考查主语从句。句意：糖画的惊人之处在于它的制作过程。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，主语指物，应用连接代词what，首字母大写。故填What。
15.（2024·湖北·二模）As an architect, not only did Spear renovate (翻新) his own dream house, 66 comes with multiple views of the Great Wall, but he also explored ways to boost the local business and support rural residents.
考查定语从句。句意：作为一名建筑师，斯皮尔不仅翻新了自己的梦想之家，从那里可以看到长城的多个景观，而且他还探索了促进当地商业和支持农村居民的方法。此处为非限制性定语从句缺少主语，先行词为house，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。
16.（2024·河南周口·一模）When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival was 1 I looked forward to most.
考查表语从句。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，年夜饭是我最期待的。这里为表语从句的引导词，表语从句中缺少宾语，指物，用what引导。故填what。
17.（2024·河南周口·一模） 6 I don’t understand why some people refuse this change.
考查连词。句意：但我不明白为什么有些人拒绝这种改变。上文“we have eaten out for the Spring Festival family dinner, and we have enjoyed it no less than eating at home”和空后“I don’t understand why some people refuse this change.”之间存在转折关系，用连词but连接；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填But。
18.（2024·湖南·一模）The team is devoted (devote) to protecting the 45, 000 square meters of murals (壁画) and more than 2, 400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of 3 takes about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century.
考查定语从句。句意：该团队致力于保护该遗址735个洞穴中45,000平方米的壁画和超过2,400个彩绘雕塑，这些洞穴的建造从4世纪到14世纪大约花费了一千年。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是caves，在从句中作宾语，用which引导。故填which。
（2024·广东梅州·一模）The most popular place is the Harbin Ice and Snow World, 98 is like a frozen Disneyland, and you can see the big ice and snow castles, carto on sculptures, and enjoy the biggest variety (vary) of snow sports and activities in the world.
考查定语从句。句意：最受欢迎的地方是哈尔滨冰雪大世界，它就像一个冰冻的迪斯尼乐园，你可以看到巨大的冰雪城堡，汽车上的雕塑，享受世界上种类最多的冰雪运动和活动。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Harbin Ice and Snow World，为物，故使用which。故填which。
20.（2024·辽宁沈阳·一模）As a major entertainment during Lunar New Year’s Eve, the gala marks the joyous moment 10 families gather together to celebrate.
10．考查定语从句。句意：作为除夕夜的主要娱乐活动，联欢晚会标志着家人聚在一起庆祝的欢乐时刻。根据句意及句子成分可知，该句为限定性定语从句，先行词是“the joyous moment”，关系词替代先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
21.（2024·湖南衡阳·一模）China is known as the home of tea. Since ancient times, tea has penetrated Chinese culture, leaving its aroma in poetry, etiquette and customs. Many tea lovers enjoy tea not just for its flavor, 1 for the beauty of tea ceremonies.
考查连词。句意：许多爱茶的人喜欢茶不仅仅是因为它的味道，而是因为茶道的美丽。句型not...but...表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。
22.（2024·湖南衡阳·一模）The earliest batch of tea is often ready to be picked before Qingming, which is observed in early April 3 the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases.
考查定语从句。句意：最早的一批茶叶通常在清明之前准备好采摘，清明是在四月初，气温开始上升，降雨量增加。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是April，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。

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