专题05非谓语动词
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.（2023年新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
2.（2023年新高考I卷）Shanghai may be the _________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace.
3.（2023年新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
4.（2023年新高考I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time.
5.（2023年新高考II卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
6.（2023年浙江卷1月）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
7.【2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____to____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____ (build) system of ring roads....
____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____was amazed___ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
...As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered.
8.【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom
9.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___where___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
10.【2023年全国甲卷】Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone.
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
考点1 动名词
1.动名词的形式
语态 时间 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 (not)writing being written
完成式 having written having been written
1)动名词的完成式 表示动名词的动词发生在谓语动词之前。(掌握) She regretted not having taken the doctor’s advice.
John didn’t admit having been there.
2)动名词的被动式 当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动词的承受者时，要用被动式。(掌握) The children are looking forward to being invited to the party.
The food showed no sign of being touched.
The computer’s being put into use has greatly raised work efficiency.
2.动名词的用法
1）作主语
Smoking is not allowed here.
在有些结构中,也可用引导词 it 作形式主语放句首,而将实际主语(即动名词)放到句尾。It’s no use(useless,no good,dangerous) doing sth. (掌握)
It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.
2) 作表语
Her job is nursing the disabled.
3) 作宾语
a 作动词及介词宾语
She is considering asking her employer for a rise.
He always avoids giving us a direct answer.
They all objected to putting the meeting off. She left without saying goodbye to us.
下列动词或动词词组只能带动名词作宾语：admit, deny, advise, suggest, appreciate,
avoid, escape delay, put off, postpone, excuse, feel like, can’t help, imagine, miss, permit, risk, can’t stand.
b 物做主语时，在 demand, deserve, need, require, want 等动词后面，作宾语的动
名词表被动含义。
My shirt needs ironing(needs to be ironed).
The matter demands looking into(to be looked into). The baby wants washing(wants to be washed).
4) 用在固定结构中
动名词常和 busy, be worth, have difficulty (in), no need/point in, how/what about,
save oneself the trouble of, what’s the point(use) of 等词或词组连用。
3.比较动词后的动名词和不定式
1）有些动词只能带动名词作宾语，不能带不定式。
2）有些动词只能带不定式作宾语，不能带动名词。
3）有些动词既可带动名词也可带不定式作宾语，但意思不同。
a 在 forget, remember, regret 等动词后面，动名词表示已经发生的动作，不定式表示要发生的动作。
I remembered being interviewed by the reporter. Don't forget to lock the door when you go out.
I regret to inform you that your application for a visa has been rejected.
b try 后面带动名词表示“试一试”；带不定式表示“设法”。Try pressing the green button and see if the machine will start. I’ll try to help you as we are close friends.
c mean 带动名词表示“意味着”；带不定式表示“企图，打算”
Getting up late means missing the first bus.
John meant to drive there, but his car broke down.
考点1 分词
现在分词的时态和语态
语态 时间 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 writing being written
完成式 (not) having written having been written
完成式
当分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的的动作之前，用完成式。在句中主要用做状语。
Not having heard from his parents for a long time, he was worried about them. Having sent her little sister to school, she began to do some shopping.
被动式
当分词短语的逻辑短语是分词动词的承受者时，分词用被动式。
The girl being interviewed seems to be very nervous. Having been given a compass, we found our way easily.
2.现在分词和过去分词的用法
现在分词表示主动进行 过去分词表示被动完成
1) 作宾语补语(掌握)
When I entered the room, I found him reading something aloud.
Don’t you see him coming towards us
You should keep her informed of what is going on here.(考虑与宾语的关系)
He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
see, watch, notice, observe, find, discover, hear, listen to, feel, smell 等感官动词带
分词作宾补表示动作正在进行; leave, keep, get, have, make 等动词常带分词作宾语补语。
My sister had the clothes washed yesterday.
I got my wallet lost when I was shopping in the supermarket.
2）作主语补语
The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
The news was made known at last.
3)作定语 (词形转换的题型之一)
a 单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词前面
What an exhausting day!
b 有些过去分词作定语时只置于被修饰词后面。
This is the only food left in the house. The people questioned refused to ask.
c 分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词后面，相当于一个定语从句。
There is a horrible smell coming out( =which is coming out) of that factory. She lost her purse containing( =which contained) ten pounds.
We can only see the part of the moon lighted( =which is lighted )by the sunlight.
4)作状语 分词作状语有时相当于一个状语从句。(注意分词部分与句子主语的关系)
a 表示时间
Sally got to know the French young man while traveling( =while she was traveling) in France.
When leaving the airport( =When she left the airport),she waved again and again to us.
b 表示原因
Not having been cleaned for years( =As they hadn’t been cleaned for years), many windows let in hardly any light.
Taught by mistakes and setbacks( =Because we were taught by mistakes and setbacks),we have become wiser.
c 表示伴随状况时，分词短语相当于另一分句。
He sat in the armchair, watching TV( =and watched TV).
d 表示条件
Given( =if they were given) better attention, the trees could grow better.
e 表示结果 分词短语一般置于句末
The war went on for years, killing( =and killed) a lot of ordinary people.
5) 作表语
The dark night was very frightening, and I was really frightened.
The job is very boring, so the workers are all tired of it.
用做现在分词或过去分词做表语的动词主要有：excite, encourage, move, astonish, surprise, frighten, bore, tire, disappoint, interest, worry, puzzle, shock, satisfy 等。
3.带主语的分词短语(常考题型，注意独立成分的主语跟分词的关系)
1)如果分词短语的主语与句子主语不一致，分词短语可以带主语，由“名词/代词 +
分词短语构成，又称独立结构，主要作状语。
Our guests having arrived( =After our guests arrived), we set the table for dinner.
The child stood behind his mother, his eyes fixed on the guests( =and his eyes were fixed on the guests).
The weather permitting( =If the weather permits), the rock concert will be given in the open air.
All things considered( =If all things were considered), the house was a good buy.
2) 有时独立结构由介词 with 引导
He sat in front of the policeman with his head bent.
With the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn’t go on with the experiment.
熟悉下列短语：to tell you the truth, generally/frankly speaking, judging from
考点2 不定式
1) 作主语
To be a good nurse requires patience.
a 不定式常被置于句子后部，由先行代词 it 作形式主语代替不定式，置于句首。
It is difficult to make a decision without knowing all the facts. (掌握) It is still a question how to get enough capital.
b 在“it be +形容词+不定式”的结构中，可在不定式前用介词 for 或 of 引导不定式的逻辑主语，但意思上有差别。
It is important for us to use our time wisely( =It is important that we use our time wisely.) 形容词 difficult, easy, important, (im)possible, (un)necessary, essential, convenient 常用于这一结构。
It was kind of you to help me with my studies.( =You are kind to help me with my studies.)
常用于这一结构的形容词有 good, brave, careful, careless, kind, nice, thoughtful,
polite, rude, foolish, silly, generous 等。
2)作表语
His plan is to spend a few days in the mountains.
3) 作宾语
a 动词+不定式
The customs officer demanded to search our luggage.
常用不定式作宾语的动词有:afford, aim, agree, attempt, choose, continue, dare, decide, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, mean, plan, prefer, promise, pretend, prove, refuse, wish 等。
b 动词+wh-疑问词+不定式
He asked how to get to the railway station.
能用于这种结构的动词还有 decide, discuss, learn, show, teach, tell 等。
c 动词+it+形容词/名词+不定式
We consider it our duty to warn you of the serious consequences.
能用于这种结构的动词还有：find, think, believe 等。
4） 作宾语补语
Mr. White expects his employees to do work overtime once a month.
The guard requires everyone to leave the school bags at the entrance.
George attempted unsuccessfully to persuade his secretary not to quit.
常带不定式作宾语补语的动词还有： advise, allow, arrange, cause, enable,
encourage,expect,force,invite,permit,persuade,remind,teach,warn,wish 以及感官动词(详见分词中能带宾补的动词部分)和使役动词。
5）作定语(应用于写作中)
a 不定式做定语放在被修饰词后面
She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings.
I must leave the company. There is nothing for me to do.
不定式常修饰下列名词或代词作定语: ability, attempt, effort, evidence, intention, plan, promise, reason, anything, something, nothing 等。
b 由 only, last, next 以及序数词或最高级形容词修饰的名词，可带不定式作定语。
I don’t think he is the best person to do the job.
She was the only to look after the child.
c有时不定式及其所修饰的名词有动宾关系，此时不定式后面不能再用代词指代被修饰的名词。
The smell tells the bees what kind of flowers to look for..(√) The smell tells the bees what kind of flowers to look for it. (×) I’ve got several telephone calls to make this morning. (√)
I’ve got several telephone calls to make them this morning. (×)
6) 作状语
a 表示目的
To earn more money for his family, he sold newspapers in his spare time
I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down. She raised her voice so as to be heard.
in order to 引出的状语可置于句首或句尾。so as to 引出的状语通常放在句尾。
b 表示结果
Adam left his home ten years ago, never to return.
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. ( 题 型 ) “only+不定式”作状语，有时表示意想不到或不愉快的结果。
c 修饰形容词 有些表语形容词常用不定式作状语。(词型转换)
The water in this area is not fit to drink.
He was very pleased to hear her talk like that.
经常用不定式来修饰的形容词有：surprised, easy, glad, happy, hard, ready, anxious 等.
8) too…to 和(not) enough…to 及其变体(掌握)
a too…to 表示“太……不能”。
She spoke too fast for us to follow.
b enough…to 表示“足够……能”。
They are old enough to make their own decision.
类似的结构还有 not…enough to,表示“不够……不能”。He is not tall enough to reach the top shelf.
c too…to 变体的意义(了解)
1) not/never too…to 表示肯定的意思
We are never too old to learn. 2)too…not to 表示肯定的意思
He is too smart not to see your point.(他很聪明,不会不明白你的意思)。
3.不带 to 的不定式 (掌握)
1）在下列结构后面的不定式通常不带 to。
had better, would rather, cannot but(不能不,只好),cannot help but(只好),do nothing but(只是),might(just)as well(最好,不妨,还是)
No one will eat this food; it might just as well be thrown away. She can't do anything but ask silly questions.
但是,如果 but 和 except 等前面的谓语动词不是 do, to 不能省略。比较：
She did nothing but wait.
She had no choice but to wait.
2)在感官动词(see, watch, notice, find, hear, feel)和使役动词(make, have, let)等词后面作宾语补语。
I’ll have her work for your company.
Mrs. Brown made me stay in New York for two more weeks. Did you notice him leave the house
但当感官动词和使役动词用于被动语态时，不定式要保留 to。
Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
作状语的不定式和分词的用法比较
doing 表示时间﹑原 Walking along the bank(=When I was walking) along the bank, I met a friend. Having no money(=As/Because I had) no money, I borrowed some from John. Turning(=If you turn) to the left, you will see the shop. Seeing from the top of the tower, I saw a beautiful city of Paris. They came into the room, singing and laughing.
因、伴随、条
件、结果、让
步等状语。
分词与主句
主语是主动
进行关系
表示时间﹑原 Given(I am given) another chance, I’m sure I’ll be successful. Seen(If it is seen) from the top of the tower, Paris looks really beautiful. Followed by the dog, the old man often takes a walk in the park.
因、伴随、条
件、结果、让
done 步等状语。
分词与主句
主语是被动
完成关系
作定语的不定式、动名词及分词用法比较
易混易错归纳
1.（广东省2023-2024学年6校高三联考）The tablet, (find) in Jindong Village, measures 1.4 meters high, 0.61 meters wide, and 0.14 meters thick.
2.（广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三）A resort (度假胜地) in Vietnam has opened a glass-bottomed foot bridge, the third such bridge in the Southeast Asian country, ______ (connect) two mountains.
3.（湖北省孝感市重点高中协作体2023-2024学年高三）It is estimated that by the end of this year, the number of people using hanfu products in China will reach 6.89 million, with total sales (expect) to reach 10.16 billion yuan.
4.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）One should be clear about what (love) or hate. Ren comes from learning and self-cultivation: it can be seen from a person’s appearance.
5.（2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试）As an expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if (have) a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences.
6.（辽宁省重点高中2023-2024学年高三10月试题） It has indeed been a growing trend for urban residents ________(volunteer) in rural areas.
1.（2024·山东济南·一模） Later, he also produced teaching videos, 7 (publish) books, and released albums, significantly boosting the instrument’s popularity (popular).
2.（2024·山东济南·一模） Moreover, his daughter, Li Pengpeng, has followed in her father’s footsteps, 20 (serve) as an ambassador in promoting traditional Chinese culture.
3.（2024·山东济南·一模）Everyone considered it out of date, but/yet he thought it deserved an important position and was determined to make it 5 (appreciate) by everyone.
4.（2024·河南信阳·二模）Ma Mian Qun, also 1 (know) as “Ma Mian Zhe Qun (horse face pleats (褶) skirt) ”, is a kind of traditional Chinese dress.
5.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模） People decorate their homes with red lanterns and paper cutouts, 39 (symbol) happiness and good luck. Fireworks light up the sky, and people exchange red envelopes containing money as a gesture of well-wishes.
6.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）In Chinese astrology, the Dragon is the fifth animal of the zodiac cycle 133 (compose) of 12 different animals.
7.（2024·安徽淮北·一模） 1 (construct) from the 5th century BC, the Grand Canal was a means of communication for the Empire for the first time in the Sui Dynasty.
8.（2024·辽宁鞍山·二模）The film recounts that Du Leying, 16 (play) by Jia, leads a directionless life as a self-enclosed woman.
9.（2024·辽宁鞍山·二模）The essence of YOLO carries a universal message, 19 (advocate) self-love, which forms the groundwork for the film to bridge cultural gaps (gap) and attract a global audience.
10.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）Initially, finding drinking water was a headache for residents: People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day. 25 (ease) this area’s water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, whose construction was a remarkable engineering achievement.
11.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）From February 1960 to July 1969,they leveled 1,250 mountain tops and dug 211 tunnels (隧道), 28 (remove) 22.25 million cubic meters of earth and rocks.
12.（2024·福建泉州·三模）A month after 31 (practise) taijiquan, however, the pains that had been bothering her were slowly relieved. Song, 29, a Shanghai-based fitness vlogger (视频博主), has been sharing her changes after learning taijiquan on/through lifestyle-sharing platform Xiaohongshu. Besides performing it each morning, she also integrates elements (element) of the Chinese martial art into her fitness courses.
13.（2024·福建泉州·三模） She has designed some visual works 37 (inspire) by taijiquan.
14.（2024·福建泉州·三模）Additionally, taijiquan has influenced other fitness practices, such as ChiRunning, which combines tai chi techniques with running 39 (promote) injury prevention and mindfulness.
15.（2024·湖南衡阳·二模）A woodblock print art exhibition kicked off in Guangzhou-based Ji’nan University in the provincial capital on November 16, 41 (provide) young students in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area with an opportunity to understand the great traditional Chinese art of woodblock watermarks.
16.（2024·湖南衡阳·二模）Lin Rupeng, Party secretary of Ji’nan University, said the exhibition organized by the university aims 49 (carry) forward traditional Chinese culture, as well as demonstrate the university’s firm belief in enhancing Chinese culture’s influence.
17.（2024·辽宁盘锦·一模）The painter has to work quickly 57 (make) sure he gets every shape just right before the sugar cools down.
18.（2024·湖北·二模）In this quiet place, 64 (locate) at the foot of the Mutianyu section of the Great Wall, he lives with his dog in a home with a courtyard garden he tended himself (he).
19.（2024·湖北·二模） Over the years, the architect has help (help) renovate around 20 households in Mutianyu, most of which now operate as hotels or restaurants, while 69 (do) his best to preserve the original structures as much as possible.
20.（2024·河南周口·一模） In the evening, we would sit around the table, toasted each other and enjoyed the homemade dishes, which tasted much better than anything 4 (cook) in the restaurant.
21.（2024·河南周口·一模） We work all year, so why can’t one day be about spending time with family and 8 (relax).
22.（2024·广东梅州·一模）Harbin is one of the most popular destinations for winter tours, 3 (host) the world’s biggest ice and snow festival.23.（2024·辽宁沈阳·一模） 2 (support) by ultra-high-definition production, the gala was telecast on TV screens, public large screens, and mobile devices.
24.（2024·河北邯郸·三模）Each member of the group is used 67 (represent) some aspect of the character of an ideal person.
25.（2024·山西·一模）It involves 52 (draw) inspiration from nature’s designs and processes 53 (solve) human problems or improve technology.专题05非谓语动词
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.（2023年新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【答案】to bite
【详解】考查非谓语动词。与后面to put 并列，空格需填动词不定式.to bite。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。
2.（2023年新高考I卷）Shanghai may be the _________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace.
【答案】recognized
【详解】考查非谓语动词。空格在名词home前面需用分词作定语，空格与被修饰词是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语。recognized（ 被公认的）。意思是上海是公认的汤包的故乡）。
3.（2023年新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【答案】to be lifted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allow sb to do sth.允许某人做某事，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式被动形式to be lifted。句意：最好的小笼包外皮很薄，从蒸笼中被取出来时不会撕裂或洒出任何东西。
4.（2023年新高考I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time.
【答案】wanting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。这句话中已有谓语动词 am left,所以want这个动词应该为非谓语动词作结果状语，want与逻辑主语是I是主动关系，所以空格用现在分词wanting。句意：无论我在哪里买，一笼都不够，两笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。
5.（2023年新高考II卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
【答案】visiting
【详解】考查分词形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。
6.（2023年浙江卷1月）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
【答案】surrounded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
7.【2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____to____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____ (build) system of ring roads....
____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____was amazed___ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
...As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered.
【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
【46题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。
【48题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。
8.【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
9.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___where___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
10.【2023年全国甲卷】Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone.
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
考点1 动名词
1.动名词的形式
语态 时间 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 (not)writing being written
完成式 having written having been written
1)动名词的完成式 表示动名词的动词发生在谓语动词之前。(掌握) She regretted not having taken the doctor’s advice.
John didn’t admit having been there.
2)动名词的被动式 当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动词的承受者时，要用被动式。(掌握) The children are looking forward to being invited to the party.
The food showed no sign of being touched.
The computer’s being put into use has greatly raised work efficiency.
2.动名词的用法
1）作主语
Smoking is not allowed here.
在有些结构中,也可用引导词 it 作形式主语放句首,而将实际主语(即动名词)放到句尾。It’s no use(useless,no good,dangerous) doing sth. (掌握)
It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.
2) 作表语
Her job is nursing the disabled.
3) 作宾语
a 作动词及介词宾语
She is considering asking her employer for a rise.
He always avoids giving us a direct answer.
They all objected to putting the meeting off. She left without saying goodbye to us.
下列动词或动词词组只能带动名词作宾语：admit, deny, advise, suggest, appreciate,
avoid, escape delay, put off, postpone, excuse, feel like, can’t help, imagine, miss, permit, risk, can’t stand.
b 物做主语时，在 demand, deserve, need, require, want 等动词后面，作宾语的动
名词表被动含义。
My shirt needs ironing(needs to be ironed).
The matter demands looking into(to be looked into). The baby wants washing(wants to be washed).
4) 用在固定结构中
动名词常和 busy, be worth, have difficulty (in), no need/point in, how/what about,
save oneself the trouble of, what’s the point(use) of 等词或词组连用。
3.比较动词后的动名词和不定式
1）有些动词只能带动名词作宾语，不能带不定式。
2）有些动词只能带不定式作宾语，不能带动名词。
3）有些动词既可带动名词也可带不定式作宾语，但意思不同。
a 在 forget, remember, regret 等动词后面，动名词表示已经发生的动作，不定式表示要发生的动作。
I remembered being interviewed by the reporter. Don't forget to lock the door when you go out.
I regret to inform you that your application for a visa has been rejected.
b try 后面带动名词表示“试一试”；带不定式表示“设法”。Try pressing the green button and see if the machine will start. I’ll try to help you as we are close friends.
c mean 带动名词表示“意味着”；带不定式表示“企图，打算”
Getting up late means missing the first bus.
John meant to drive there, but his car broke down.
考点1 分词
现在分词的时态和语态
语态 时间 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 writing being written
完成式 (not) having written having been written
完成式
当分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的的动作之前，用完成式。在句中主要用做状语。
Not having heard from his parents for a long time, he was worried about them. Having sent her little sister to school, she began to do some shopping.
被动式
当分词短语的逻辑短语是分词动词的承受者时，分词用被动式。
The girl being interviewed seems to be very nervous. Having been given a compass, we found our way easily.
2.现在分词和过去分词的用法
现在分词表示主动进行 过去分词表示被动完成
1) 作宾语补语(掌握)
When I entered the room, I found him reading something aloud.
Don’t you see him coming towards us
You should keep her informed of what is going on here.(考虑与宾语的关系)
He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
see, watch, notice, observe, find, discover, hear, listen to, feel, smell 等感官动词带
分词作宾补表示动作正在进行; leave, keep, get, have, make 等动词常带分词作宾语补语。
My sister had the clothes washed yesterday.
I got my wallet lost when I was shopping in the supermarket.
2）作主语补语
The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
The news was made known at last.
3)作定语 (词形转换的题型之一)
a 单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词前面
What an exhausting day!
b 有些过去分词作定语时只置于被修饰词后面。
This is the only food left in the house. The people questioned refused to ask.
c 分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词后面，相当于一个定语从句。
There is a horrible smell coming out( =which is coming out) of that factory. She lost her purse containing( =which contained) ten pounds.
We can only see the part of the moon lighted( =which is lighted )by the sunlight.
4)作状语 分词作状语有时相当于一个状语从句。(注意分词部分与句子主语的关系)
a 表示时间
Sally got to know the French young man while traveling( =while she was traveling) in France.
When leaving the airport( =When she left the airport),she waved again and again to us.
b 表示原因
Not having been cleaned for years( =As they hadn’t been cleaned for years), many windows let in hardly any light.
Taught by mistakes and setbacks( =Because we were taught by mistakes and setbacks),we have become wiser.
c 表示伴随状况时，分词短语相当于另一分句。
He sat in the armchair, watching TV( =and watched TV).
d 表示条件
Given( =if they were given) better attention, the trees could grow better.
e 表示结果 分词短语一般置于句末
The war went on for years, killing( =and killed) a lot of ordinary people.
5) 作表语
The dark night was very frightening, and I was really frightened.
The job is very boring, so the workers are all tired of it.
用做现在分词或过去分词做表语的动词主要有：excite, encourage, move, astonish, surprise, frighten, bore, tire, disappoint, interest, worry, puzzle, shock, satisfy 等。
3.带主语的分词短语(常考题型，注意独立成分的主语跟分词的关系)
1)如果分词短语的主语与句子主语不一致，分词短语可以带主语，由“名词/代词 +
分词短语构成，又称独立结构，主要作状语。
Our guests having arrived( =After our guests arrived), we set the table for dinner.
The child stood behind his mother, his eyes fixed on the guests( =and his eyes were fixed on the guests).
The weather permitting( =If the weather permits), the rock concert will be given in the open air.
All things considered( =If all things were considered), the house was a good buy.
2) 有时独立结构由介词 with 引导
He sat in front of the policeman with his head bent.
With the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn’t go on with the experiment.
熟悉下列短语：to tell you the truth, generally/frankly speaking, judging from
考点2 不定式
1) 作主语
To be a good nurse requires patience.
a 不定式常被置于句子后部，由先行代词 it 作形式主语代替不定式，置于句首。
It is difficult to make a decision without knowing all the facts. (掌握) It is still a question how to get enough capital.
b 在“it be +形容词+不定式”的结构中，可在不定式前用介词 for 或 of 引导不定式的逻辑主语，但意思上有差别。
It is important for us to use our time wisely( =It is important that we use our time wisely.) 形容词 difficult, easy, important, (im)possible, (un)necessary, essential, convenient 常用于这一结构。
It was kind of you to help me with my studies.( =You are kind to help me with my studies.)
常用于这一结构的形容词有 good, brave, careful, careless, kind, nice, thoughtful,
polite, rude, foolish, silly, generous 等。
2)作表语
His plan is to spend a few days in the mountains.
3) 作宾语
a 动词+不定式
The customs officer demanded to search our luggage.
常用不定式作宾语的动词有:afford, aim, agree, attempt, choose, continue, dare, decide, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, mean, plan, prefer, promise, pretend, prove, refuse, wish 等。
b 动词+wh-疑问词+不定式
He asked how to get to the railway station.
能用于这种结构的动词还有 decide, discuss, learn, show, teach, tell 等。
c 动词+it+形容词/名词+不定式
We consider it our duty to warn you of the serious consequences.
能用于这种结构的动词还有：find, think, believe 等。
4） 作宾语补语
Mr. White expects his employees to do work overtime once a month.
The guard requires everyone to leave the school bags at the entrance.
George attempted unsuccessfully to persuade his secretary not to quit.
常带不定式作宾语补语的动词还有： advise, allow, arrange, cause, enable,
encourage,expect,force,invite,permit,persuade,remind,teach,warn,wish 以及感官动词(详见分词中能带宾补的动词部分)和使役动词。
5）作定语(应用于写作中)
a 不定式做定语放在被修饰词后面
She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings.
I must leave the company. There is nothing for me to do.
不定式常修饰下列名词或代词作定语: ability, attempt, effort, evidence, intention, plan, promise, reason, anything, something, nothing 等。
b 由 only, last, next 以及序数词或最高级形容词修饰的名词，可带不定式作定语。
I don’t think he is the best person to do the job.
She was the only to look after the child.
c有时不定式及其所修饰的名词有动宾关系，此时不定式后面不能再用代词指代被修饰的名词。
The smell tells the bees what kind of flowers to look for..(√) The smell tells the bees what kind of flowers to look for it. (×) I’ve got several telephone calls to make this morning. (√)
I’ve got several telephone calls to make them this morning. (×)
6) 作状语
a 表示目的
To earn more money for his family, he sold newspapers in his spare time
I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down. She raised her voice so as to be heard.
in order to 引出的状语可置于句首或句尾。so as to 引出的状语通常放在句尾。
b 表示结果
Adam left his home ten years ago, never to return.
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. ( 题 型 ) “only+不定式”作状语，有时表示意想不到或不愉快的结果。
c 修饰形容词 有些表语形容词常用不定式作状语。(词型转换)
The water in this area is not fit to drink.
He was very pleased to hear her talk like that.
经常用不定式来修饰的形容词有：surprised, easy, glad, happy, hard, ready, anxious 等.
8) too…to 和(not) enough…to 及其变体(掌握)
a too…to 表示“太……不能”。
She spoke too fast for us to follow.
b enough…to 表示“足够……能”。
They are old enough to make their own decision.
类似的结构还有 not…enough to,表示“不够……不能”。He is not tall enough to reach the top shelf.
c too…to 变体的意义(了解)
1) not/never too…to 表示肯定的意思
We are never too old to learn. 2)too…not to 表示肯定的意思
He is too smart not to see your point.(他很聪明,不会不明白你的意思)。
3.不带 to 的不定式 (掌握)
1）在下列结构后面的不定式通常不带 to。
had better, would rather, cannot but(不能不,只好),cannot help but(只好),do nothing but(只是),might(just)as well(最好,不妨,还是)
No one will eat this food; it might just as well be thrown away. She can't do anything but ask silly questions.
但是,如果 but 和 except 等前面的谓语动词不是 do, to 不能省略。比较：
She did nothing but wait.
She had no choice but to wait.
2)在感官动词(see, watch, notice, find, hear, feel)和使役动词(make, have, let)等词后面作宾语补语。
I’ll have her work for your company.
Mrs. Brown made me stay in New York for two more weeks. Did you notice him leave the house
但当感官动词和使役动词用于被动语态时，不定式要保留 to。
Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
作状语的不定式和分词的用法比较
doing 表示时间﹑原 Walking along the bank(=When I was walking) along the bank, I met a friend. Having no money(=As/Because I had) no money, I borrowed some from John. Turning(=If you turn) to the left, you will see the shop. Seeing from the top of the tower, I saw a beautiful city of Paris. They came into the room, singing and laughing.
因、伴随、条
件、结果、让
步等状语。
分词与主句
主语是主动
进行关系
表示时间﹑原 Given(I am given) another chance, I’m sure I’ll be successful. Seen(If it is seen) from the top of the tower, Paris looks really beautiful. Followed by the dog, the old man often takes a walk in the park.
因、伴随、条
件、结果、让
done 步等状语。
分词与主句
主语是被动
完成关系
作定语的不定式、动名词及分词用法比较
易混易错归纳
1.（广东省2023-2024学年6校高三联考）The tablet, (find) in Jindong Village, measures 1.4 meters high, 0.61 meters wide, and 0.14 meters thick.
易错分析：不能正确分析句子结构，误判断句子的谓语，容易错填为was found或finding。
【答案】found
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这块石碑出土于金洞村，高1.4米，宽0.61米，厚0.14米。本句的谓语动词是measures，所以该空在这里作定语，修饰The tablet，且与逻辑主语为被动关系，故填动词的-ed形式。故填found。
2.（广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）A resort (度假胜地) in Vietnam has opened a glass-bottomed foot bridge, the third such bridge in the Southeast Asian country, ______ (connect) two mountains.
易错分析：长难句结构划分错误，不理解非谓语动词与所修饰词之间的关系，句意理解错误。
【答案】connecting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：越南的一个度假胜地开设了一座玻璃底人行桥，这是东南亚国家的第三座这样的桥，连接两座山。句子的谓语为has opened，设空处作非谓语动词，connect与逻辑主语a glass-bottomed foot bridge之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填connecting。
3.（湖北省孝感市重点高中协作体2023-2024学年高三试题）It is estimated that by the end of this year, the number of people using hanfu products in China will reach 6.89 million, with total sales (expect) to reach 10.16 billion yuan.
易错分析：句子结构错误，不完全了解逻辑意思，没有掌握with的复合结构的用法。
【答案】expected
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据估计，到今年年底，中国使用汉服产品的人数将达到689万人，总销售额预计将达到101.6亿元。句中构成with sth done的复合结构，此处sales与expect之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作宾补。故填expected。
4.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）One should be clear about what (love) or hate. Ren comes from learning and self-cultivation: it can be seen from a person’s appearance.
易错分析：没有牢记只跟不定式作宾语的词以及搭配。
【答案】to love
【解析】考查不定式。句意：一个人应该清楚地知道爱什么或恨什么。分析句子可知此处为“疑问词+不定式”作介词about的宾语，故填to love。
5.（2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试试题）As an expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if (have) a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences.
易错分析：长难句拆解错误，未能判断if从句中缺少主语是错误根本原因。
【答案】having
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在以if为连接词的宾语从句中做主语，使用动名词，故填having。
6.（辽宁省重点高中2023-2024学年高三10月试题） It has indeed been a growing trend for urban residents ________(volunteer) in rural areas.
易错分析：句子结构分析不清楚，影响正确翻译句意，未能判断真正的主语。
【答案】to volunteer
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：城市居民到农村做志愿者确实是一个日益增长的趋势。考查非谓语动词担当主语，用动词不定式形式，构成句型：it + be + for +sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……的。故填to volunteer。
1.（2024·山东济南·一模） Later, he also produced teaching videos, 7 (publish) books, and released albums, significantly boosting the instrument’s popularity (popular).
7．考查时态。句意：后来，他还制作了教学视频，出版了书籍，并发行了专辑，大大提高了乐器的知名度。分析句子可知，空处和produced以及released并列，作句子的谓语，时态为一般过去时。故填published。
2.（2024·山东济南·一模） Moreover, his daughter, Li Pengpeng, has followed in her father’s footsteps, 20 (serve) as an ambassador in promoting traditional Chinese culture.
考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，他的女儿李蓬蓬也追随父亲的脚步，担任中国传统文化推广大使。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处的行为和谓语行为同时发生，作伴随状语，serve as“担任”和Li Pengpeng逻辑上是主动关系，应用serve的现在分词形式。故填serving。
3.（2024·山东济南·一模）Everyone considered it out of date, but/yet he thought it deserved an important position and was determined to make it 5 (appreciate) by everyone.
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：每个人都认为它过时了，但他认为它应该享有一个重要的地位，并决心让每个人都欣赏它。分析句子可知，空处作宾语补足语，appreciate“欣赏”和指代古琴的it逻辑上是被动关系，应用appreciate的过去分词形式，make sth. done意为“使某事被做”。故填appreciated。
4.（2024·河南信阳·二模）Ma Mian Qun, also 1 (know) as “Ma Mian Zhe Qun (horse face pleats (褶) skirt) ”, is a kind of traditional Chinese dress.
考查非谓语动词。句意：马面裙，又称“马面褶裙”，是中国传统服饰的一种。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，且Ma Mian Qun与know“知道，知悉，熟悉”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。known as“被称为”。故填known。
5.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模） People decorate their homes with red lanterns and paper cutouts, 39 (symbol) happiness and good luck. Fireworks light up the sky, and people exchange red envelopes containing money as a gesture of well-wishes.
考查非谓语动词。句意：人们用红灯笼和剪纸装饰他们的家，象征着幸福和好运。根据后面宾语happiness and good luck可知，该空需要一个动词，symbol为名词，其动词拼写为symbolise或symbolize，在句中作非限制性定语，与所修饰名词red lanterns and paper cutouts为主动关系，应使用现在分词形式作定语。故填symbolizing/symbolising。
6.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）In Chinese astrology, the Dragon is the fifth animal of the zodiac cycle 133 (compose) of 12 different animals.
考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国占星术中，龙是由12种不同动物组成的生肖周期中的第五种动物。 短语be composed of意为“是由…组成的”，在句中作后置定语修饰名词短语the zodiac cycle，动词compose与名词短语the zodiac cycle之间是被动关系，所以空格处需使用动词的过去分词形式作定语。故填composed。
7.（2024·安徽淮北·一模） 1 (construct) from the 5th century BC, the Grand Canal was a means of communication for the Empire for the first time in the Sui Dynasty.
考查非谓语动词。句意：它从公元前5世纪建造，大运河在隋朝第一次成为这个帝国的交通工具。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词was，所以construct用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语the Grand Canal之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，位于句首首字母应大写。故填Constructed。
8.（2024·辽宁鞍山·二模）The film recounts that Du Leying, 16 (play) by Jia, leads a directionless life as a self-enclosed woman.
考查过去分词。句意：影片讲述了贾玲饰演的杜乐莹作为一个自我封闭的女人，过着没有方向的生活。动词play意为“扮演”，和谓语之间没有连词，为非谓语动词，且和逻辑主语构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故填played。
9.（2024·辽宁鞍山·二模）The essence of YOLO carries a universal message, 19 (advocate) self-love, which forms the groundwork for the film to bridge cultural gaps (gap) and attract a global audience.
考查现在分词。句意：YOLO的精髓是传递一种普遍的信息，倡导自爱，这是这部电影跨越文化鸿沟、吸引全球观众的基础。动词advocate意为“倡导”，和谓语之间没有连词，为非谓语动词，和逻辑主语构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式。故填advocating。
10.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）Initially, finding drinking water was a headache for residents: People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day. 25 (ease) this area’s water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, whose construction was a remarkable engineering achievement.
25．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了缓解这一地区的缺水问题，当地政府决定在山区修建一条运河，这是一项了不起的工程成就。分析句子结构可知ease在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，首字母大写。故填To ease。
11.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）From February 1960 to July 1969,they leveled 1,250 mountain tops and dug 211 tunnels (隧道), 28 (remove) 22.25 million cubic meters of earth and rocks.
考查非谓语动词。句意：从1960年2月到1969年7月，他们夷平了1250座山顶，挖了211条隧道，移走了2225万立方米的土石。分析句子结构可知remove与逻辑主语they构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填removing。
12.（2024·福建泉州·三模）A month after 31 (practise) taijiquan, however, the pains that had been bothering her were slowly relieved. Song, 29, a Shanghai-based fitness vlogger (视频博主), has been sharing her changes after learning taijiquan on/through lifestyle-sharing platform Xiaohongshu. Besides performing it each morning, she also integrates elements (element) of the Chinese martial art into her fitness courses.
考查动名词。句意：然而，练习太极拳一个月后，一直困扰着她的疼痛慢慢减轻了。根据空格前的介词after可知，此处用提示词的动名词形式作介词的宾语。故填practising。
13.（2024·福建泉州·三模） She has designed some visual works 37 (inspire) by taijiquan.
考查过去分词。句意：她设计了一些以太极拳为灵感的视觉作品。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作后置定语，又因为inspire和逻辑主语works之间是被动关系，且空格后有by，所以用提示词的过去分词形式。故填inspired。
14.（2024·福建泉州·三模）Additionally, taijiquan has influenced other fitness practices, such as ChiRunning, which combines tai chi techniques with running 39 (promote) injury prevention and mindfulness.
39．考查动词不定式。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处表目的，所以用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to promote。
15.（2024·湖南衡阳·二模）A woodblock print art exhibition kicked off in Guangzhou-based Ji’nan University in the provincial capital on November 16, 41 (provide) young students in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area with an opportunity to understand the great traditional Chinese art of woodblock watermarks.
考查非谓语动词。句意：11月16日，一场木版版画艺术展在广东省省会广州暨南大学拉开帷幕，为粤港澳大湾区的年轻学生提供了一个了解中国传统木版水印艺术的机会。句中谓语是kicked，空格处用非谓语动词，A woodblock print art exhibition和provide之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填providing。
16.（2024·湖南衡阳·二模）Lin Rupeng, Party secretary of Ji’nan University, said the exhibition organized by the university aims 49 (carry) forward traditional Chinese culture, as well as demonstrate the university’s firm belief in enhancing Chinese culture’s influence.
考查不定式。句意：暨南大学党委书记Lin Rupeng表示，由暨南大学组织的这次展览旨在弘扬中国传统文化，同时也展示了暨南大学增强中国文化影响力的坚定信念。aim to do sth.是固定短语，意为“旨在做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to carry。故填to carry。
17.（2024·辽宁盘锦·一模）The painter has to work quickly 57 (make) sure he gets every shape just right before the sugar cools down.
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：画家必须快速工作，以确保他在糖冷却之前把每个形状都画得恰到好处。分析句子结构可知，句子主干成分完整，make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语painter构成主动关系，故现在分词作状语。故填making。
18.（2024·湖北·二模）In this quiet place, 64 (locate) at the foot of the Mutianyu section of the Great Wall, he lives with his dog in a home with a courtyard garden he tended himself (he).
考查非谓语动词。句意：在这个位于慕田峪长城脚下的安静的地方，他和他的狗住在一个他自己打理的院子里。分析句子结构可知，locate与place构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此使用过去分词作后置定语。故填located。
19.（2024·湖北·二模） Over the years, the architect has help (help) renovate around 20 households in Mutianyu, most of which now operate as hotels or restaurants, while 69 (do) his best to preserve the original structures as much as possible.
考查的非谓语动词。句意：多年来，这位建筑师帮助改造了慕田峪的大约20户人家，其中大多数现在都是酒店或餐馆，同时尽可能地保留了原有的结构。此处do和the architect构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。故填doing。
20.（2024·河南周口·一模） In the evening, we would sit around the table, toasted each other and enjoyed the homemade dishes, which tasted much better than anything 4 (cook) in the restaurant.
考查非谓语动词。句意：晚上，我们围坐在桌子旁，互相敬酒，享受着自制的菜肴，味道比餐馆里做的好吃多了。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“anything”和动词“cook”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填cooked。
21.（2024·河南周口·一模） We work all year, so why can’t one day be about spending time with family and 8 (relax).
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们辛苦工作了一整年，为什么就不能有一天的时间用来陪伴家人、放松身心呢？非谓语动词担当介词about后的宾语，用动名词形式。故填relaxing。
22.（2024·广东梅州·一模）Harbin is one of the most popular destinations for winter tours, 3 (host) the world’s biggest ice and snow festival.
考查非谓语动词。句意：哈尔滨是最受欢迎的冬季旅游目的地之一，举办世界上最大的冰雪节。分析句子，句中is为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处Harbin与host之间是主动关系，且表示伴随，故使用现在分词作状语。故填hosting。
23.（2024·辽宁沈阳·一模） 2 (support) by ultra-high-definition production, the gala was telecast on TV screens, public large screens, and mobile devices.
考查非谓语动词。句意：在超高清制作的支持下，春晚在电视屏幕、公共大屏幕和移动设备上播出。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，由于所给词support与主语“the gala”为被动关系，应用过去分词，且空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Supported。
24.（2024·河北邯郸·三模）Each member of the group is used 67 (represent) some aspect of the character of an ideal person.
考查动词不定式。句意：群体中的每个成员都被用来代表理想人物性格的某些方面。be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，故用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to represent。
25.（2024·山西·一模）It involves 52 (draw) inspiration from nature’s designs and processes 53 (solve) human problems or improve technology.
52．考查非谓语动词。句意：它涉及从自然的设计和过程中汲取灵感，以解决人类问题或改进技术。involve doing sth.意思为：涉及做某事，空处表示主动，用动名词作宾语。故填drawing。
53．考查非谓语动词。句意：它涉及从自然的设计和过程中汲取灵感，以解决人类问题或改进技术。根据句意可知，从自然的设计和过程中汲取灵感的目的是为了解决问题或改进技术，空处用不定式作目的状语。故填to solve。

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