（12）Unit 4 Life on Mars—2023-2024学年九年级英语牛津译林版寒假巧练习
一、单项选择
从每小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
1.—The sky is much bluer________ we have taken action to protect the environment.
—Yes.
A. because B. before C. until D. unless
2.—_____ is it from Lanzhou to Lhasa
—It's about 2,160 kilometers.
A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How many
3.One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ I heard cries for help.
A. when B. since C. after D. while
4.There are many kinds of books in the library and you can choose ________ you like.
A.however B.whenever C.whoever D.whatever
5.The Great Green Wall can_____ the wind and sand from moving to the rich land in the south of China.
A. prevent B. protect C. provide D. promise
6.Although it is_____ to wear a helmet for a long time, it can protect your head.
A. special B. uncomfortable C. crowded D. unsure
7.—_____ the way, do you think this job has become easier than it used to be
—To be honest, it has turned out to be more difficult some ways.
A. In; on B. By; on C. By; in D. In; by
8.—What do you think of the environment here, Mr. Wang
—Wonderful! _____ of the land _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifths; is B. Two fifth; is C. Two fifths; are D. Two fifth; are
9.Which of the following sentences includes an object clause
A.Ninan is no longer the city that it used to be.
B.Bamboo grows well where there is plenty of rain.
C.I always remember the days in the country when I look at the photos.
D.I am sure that he is a helpful person as we have known each other for years.
10.I don’t know when he ________. When he ________, the meeting will start at once.
A. will arrive; will arrive B. will arrive; arrives
C. arrives; will arrive D. arrives; arrives
二、阅读理解
阅读下列文本，选出最佳选项。
What's a spacewalk Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk. Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects(影响) different things. By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.
When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen(氧气) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink. To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door. When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connecting the spacewalkers with the spacecraft. They keep astronauts from floating(漂浮) away into space. Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. The SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space.
How do astronauts train for space walks One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool. For every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk, astronauts need to train seven hours in the pool. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟现实). It looks and feels just like a spacewalk.
Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China. The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go on a spacewalk. The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev. He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.
1. About the spacewalk, we can know _____.
A. some things can be fixed by astronauts during spacewalks
B. all experiments must be placed on the outside of a spacecraft
C. an astronaut can get out of a spacecraft any time while in space
D. a spacewalk lets scientists learn how being in space affects different things
2. How many ways are there to keep the astronauts safe during spacewalks
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
3. What's the meaning of the word "tethers" in Paragraph 2
A.吊篮
B.系绳
C.笼子
D.钩子
4. Astronauts train for spacewalks by _____.
A. floating in space
B. using virtual reality
C. going on spacewalks outside a spacecraft
D. training in water in a common swimming pool
5. According to the passage, which is NOT true
A. China can finish a spacewalk independently.
B. Astronauts can breathe and drink in spacesuits.
C. Astronauts can move around in space with the help of SAFER.
D. Anatoly Solovyev is the first person to go on a spacewalk in the world.
三、七选五
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on the planet Earth. What many people don't know is that junk (垃圾)has become a problem in outer space too.
According to BBC News, there are more than 22,000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes(望远镜).①_____
Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds. They move so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. ②_____
To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a U.S. satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000 pieces, increasing the amount of space junk.
To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. ③_____ In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.
④_____ In Britain scientists are testing a metal net that can be fired into space junk. The net catches the junk and then pulls it into the earth's atmosphere to bum up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.
"The problem is becoming more challenging because we're sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and computers," says Marco Castronuovo, an Italian space researcher.
"⑤_____ The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become," he says.
A. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle. B. There is too much space junk left in the space. C. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere after that time. D. we shouldn't throw rubbish into the space. E. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see. F. The time to act is now. G. Many scientists are also suggesting different ways to clean up space junk.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：A
解析：句意：—天空更蓝了，因为我们已经采取行动保护环境。—是的。考查连词辨析。because因为；before在……之前；until直到；unless除非。根据“we have taken action to protect the environment.”可知这里是解释天空变得更蓝的原因，应是because引导的原因状语从句。故选A。
2.答案：B
解析：考查特殊疑问词组辨析。how often多久一次(对频率提问); how far多远(对距离提问); how long多长时间(对一段时间提问); how many多少(对可数名词的复数提问)。根据答语"大约2,160千米"可知, 上文是对距离提问。故选B。
3.答案：A
解析：句意：一个周五，我们正在打包准备周末离开，这时我听到求救的声音。考查连词。when当……时，与延续性或非延续性动词一起连用；since自从；after在……之后；while当……时，与延续性动词一起连用。根据“we were packing”及“I heard”可知表达过去的时间点发生的事，且heard是非延续性动词，用连词“when”引导时间状语从句。故选A。
4.答案：D
解析：句意：图书馆里有很多种书，你可以选择你喜欢的任何书。考查单词辨析。however无论如何；whenever无论何时；whoever无论谁；whatever无论什么。分析句子“you can choose...you like.”可知，此句是一个宾语从句；再者根据“you like”可知，like缺少宾语，因此用whatever引导宾语从句。故选D。
5.答案：A
解析：prevent... from doing sth.意为“阻止……做某事”。
6.答案：B
解析：句意:虽然长时间戴头盔不舒服,但它可以保护你的头。 uncomfortable意为"不舒服的",符合句意。
7.答案：C
解析：前空考查by the way,意为“顺便说/问一下”;后空考查in some ways,意为“在某种程度上”。
8.答案：A
解析：句意: 王先生, 你认为这儿的环境怎么样？—好极了! 五分之二的土地被树和草覆盖。英语 中表达分数时, 分子用基数词, 分母用序数词, 当分子大于"一"时, 分母用序数词的复数形式。这里中心词是不可数名词land, 谓语动词用单数形式, 故选A。
9.答案：D
解析：句意:下列哪个句子包含宾语从句 考查句子结构。Ninan is no longer the city that it used to be.尼南不再是过去的那个城市了。该句是that引导的定语从句;Bamboo grows well where there is plenty of rain.雨水多的地方竹子长得好。该句是where引导的状语从句;I always remember the days in the country when I look at the photos.当我看着这些照片时,我总是记得在乡下的日子。该句是when引导的时间状语从句;I am sure that he is a helpful person as we have known each other for years.我相信他是一个很有帮助的人,因为我们已经认识多年了。该句是as引导的原因状语从句,但是主句中又包含了that引导的宾语从句。故选D。
10.答案：B
解析：句意：我不知道他什么时候回来。当他回来时，会议就马上开始。考查动词时态。第一个空所在的句子，when引导宾语从句，根据“主现从不限”的时态要求，结合语境可知使用一般将来时，即will arrive；第二个空所在的句子是when引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主语he是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词也要使用第三人称单数形式arrives。故选B。
二、
答案：1-5ACBBD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix."可知在太空漫步期间,宇航员可以修理一些东西,而不是把它们带回到地球上去修理。故选A。
2.细节理解题。第二段描述了太空漫步需要具备的四个条件:宇航员必须身穿特殊的宇航服;进出航天器必须通过一个特殊的门; 宇航员必须不脱离航天器;宇航员必须身穿一个形状类似背包的 "SAFER"。故选 C。
3.词义猜测题。根据下文可知,tether是一种把宇航员和航天器连接在一起的形状像绳子一样的东西。结合选项提示可推断tether意为“系绳”。故选B。
4.细节理解题。A项“在太空中漂浮”;B项“利用虚拟现实”;C 项“在航天器外面进行太空漫步”;D项“在一个普通的游泳池里的水里面训练根据第三段中的"Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality."可知,进行太空漫步训练的方式之一是利用虚拟现实。故选B。
5.推理判断题。通读原文可知:选项A,B和C说法是正确的。根据最后一段中的"The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world is Alexei Leonov from Russia."可知:在太空中漫步的第一个人是Alexei Leonov,不是 Anatoly Solovyev。故选项D说法错误。故选D。
三、
答案：①-⑤EACGF
解析：①根据第二段中"And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes." 可知,还有一些细小的垃圾我们看不见,故选E。
②根据第三段中"They move so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts."可知,它们移动得如此快以至于甚至是非常小的一片都能损坏重要的卫星或者对宇航员造成危险,所以推测如果有细小的垃圾撞击飞船,可能会对其造成危害。故选A。
③根据短文第五段中"To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most."可知,为了减少额外的太空垃圾,各国同意所有新的太空工具最多只能在太空停留25年。每一种工具都必须在那之后安全降落到地球大气层中。故选C。
④根据短文第六段中剩下内容可知,英德科学家都在想减少太空垃圾的办法,许多科学家也提出了清理太空垃圾的不同方法。故G符合题意。
⑤根据最后一段中"The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become"可知,我们把问题拖得越久,问题就会变得越大,现在就是该行动的时候,故答案为F。

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