博罗中学2023-2024学年度上学期高二英语10月月考卷
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分60分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
In order to make sure Harvard is an affordable choice for your undergraduate education, you can consider financial aid packages made up of a combination of four types of funding.
Scholarships & Grants
Because Harvard is committed to affordability, our scholarships are designed to cover 100% of your demonstrated financial need. Here is our process:
—Establish your parent contribution;
—Factor in student employment and outside awards;
—Cover the remaining needs by scholarship funds which never need to be repaid.
● Outside Awards
Like many of our students, you may receive funds from sources outside Harvard, such as secondary schools, your parental employers, etc. Since the intention of these awards is that they be used for educational purposes, you must report them to Harvard and apply them toward your college expenses. We will consider your outside awards as a part of your overall financial aid funding.
Student Employment
If you receive financial aid from Harvard, you will likely be expected to contribute to your education through employment. Your expected term-time work expectation is often around 10 to 12 hours per week. All wages earned are paid directly to you, rather than appearing on your term bill, and can be used to help pay for your out-of-pocket personal expenses.
● Loans
You are not expected to take out loans, since our aid packages are designed to cover your financial need without additional borrowing. However, you may choose to pursue loans to help cover your student or family contribution. If you are interested in a loan, we will help you find one that works for you.
Types of Student Loans for Year 22-23
—Federal Direct Subsidized Stafford Loan
—Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loan
—Harvard Loans
—Additional loan information
1. Who may be the target readers of the text
A. Parents unable to afford university fees.
B. College freshmen with financial concerns.
C. Students with excellent academic performance.
D. Undergraduates with outside financial supports.
2. How can scholarship funds help you
A. Cover 100% of your expenses. B. Balance your earnings and awards.
C. Help your parents to pay off debts. D. Bridge your financial gap in college.
3. According to the passage, which of the following may help cover your personal expenses
A. Scholarships & Grants. B. Outside Awards.
C. Student Employment. D. Loans.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本篇为应用文。介绍哈佛大学的四种经济援助计划。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一句话“In order to make sure Harvard is an affordable choice for your undergraduate education, you can consider financial aid packages made up of a combination of four types of funding.”（为了确保哈佛大学是你负担得起的本科教育选择，你可以考虑由四种类型的资金组合组成的经济援助计划。）故可推知，本文的目标读者是有经济困难的读本科的学生。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。从文章第一个小标题下的内容“Establish your parent contribution; Factor in student employment and outside awards; Cover the remaining needs by scholarship funds which never need to be repaid.”（确定你父母的贡献；考虑学生就业和校外奖励；用永不偿还的奖学金来支付剩余的费用。）可知，奖学金可以满足的是除开父母供款和外部资金来源之外的教育支出。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。从第三个小标题Student Employment下的最后一句“All wages earned are paid directly to you, rather than appearing on your term bill, and can be used to help pay for your out-of-pocket personal expenses.”（所有的工资都直接支付给你，而不是出现在你的定期账单上，可以用来帮助支付你的自付个人开支。）故可推知，学生就业可以帮助支付你的个人开支。故选C项。
B
When I was 9 and walking on the road, the people of my village frowned at me, a young girl in a school uniform. They asked Dad, “Why waste your money like this ” Dad said nothing and told me to walk ahead. Education was very important to him. He would sit us down and paint a picture with colors of the future he saw for us in every letter we wrote, in every math problem we solved.
However, today as I sit at my wedding, there are still plenty of colors all over the room: red on my nails, gold necklaces around my neck, and white roses lying in the center. Women in pink from all over the village sit in a circle playing the hand-drum. My uncle spared no expense when it came to decorations, jewelry and clothing — which was ironic(讽刺的), because obviously, he had no other financial option but to marry off his 15-year-old niece who was declared his responsibility after the tragic death of his sister and brother-in-law. But it was a matter of izzat he said, not wanting to cheaper himself.
Izzat, what a funny word. It was so delicately placed on the shoulders of every woman in this society, getting heavier as she grows older yet somehow weaker — the tiniest wind can tear it to pieces. Izzat. Maybe one day I’ll live in a village where izzat is torn up through marrying a girl twenty-three years younger than you, and by selling off your only daughter because there was no other solution for your poor family.
Maybe one day, I’ll live in a world where the birth of a girl isn’t followed by a sigh or a ‘Never mind. Next time. ‘On that day, we’ll hand over crayons to our young girls, and watch them color our world; we’ll tell them: deepen the blue of the sky by flying planes through them, paint the grass greener with every football match you play and leave traces of silver from the surgical knife in your hand — take any other color you need and draw rainbows upon rainbows until they’re enough to build a bridge to your dreams. One day, for sure.
4 Why did people frown at the author
A. They disliked her school uniform.
B. They treated girls’ education lightly.
C. They thought she was too young for school.
D. They wondered why her dad was speechless.
5. What does the underlined word “izzat” mean in paragraph 2
A. Honor. B. Ambition. C. Fortune. D. Knowledge.
6. What can be inferred about the girls from paragraph 3
A. They are considered as the future of society.
B. They are supposed to be gifted in all walks of life.
C. They are regarded as tradable goods for the family.
D. They are thought to be responsible for their marriage.
7. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Color the Girls’Future B. Live Up to Family Izzat
C. Marry Your Mr. Right D. Be Father’s Daughter
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本篇为记叙文。主要讲的是贫困地区的女性接受教育的权利。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“When I was 9 and walking on the road, the people of my village frowned at me, a young girl in a school uniform. They asked Dad, “Why waste your money like this ””（岁的时候，我走在路上，村里的人都对我这个穿校服的小女孩皱起了眉头。他们问爸爸:“为什么这样浪费你的钱？”）可知，村民认为女性受教育是浪费钱的行为，他们轻视女孩的教育，所以看到我穿校服才会皱眉。故选B项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中“not wanting to cheaper himself.”（他不想降低自己的身价。）以及第三段中“It was so delicately placed on the shoulders of every woman in this society, getting heavier as she grows older yet somehow weaker — the tiniest wind can tear it to pieces.”（它被巧妙地放在这个社会中每个女人的肩膀上，随着年龄的增长，它变得越来越重，但不知何故，它变得越来越弱——最轻微的风都能把它撕成碎片。）可知，我的叔叔不想让自己有失身份，认为我的出嫁事关家族荣誉，故可猜测izzat为“荣誉”的意思，结合选项A项Honor“荣誉”，意思一致。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。从第三段最后一句“…and by selling off your only daughter because there was no other solution for your poor family”（卖掉了你唯一的女儿，因为你可怜的家庭没有其他解决办法。）可知，从第三段可以推断出女孩们被视为家庭的可交易商品。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。全文多次提及color, 颜色，讲述女孩父亲希望自己的孩子生活多彩，但我的现实生活充满了残酷的色彩，文章最后提出总有一天，女性能担任多彩的职业、抒写多彩的生活，可知，“Color the Girls’ Future”（为女孩的未来涂色）更贴合全文主旨。故选A项。
C
A robot may be defined as a machine that can be programmed to perform acts automatically. With the increase in high technology, robots are taking over boring or inconvenient work in many areas of life.
One area where robots are making an appearance is farming. There is a robotic revolution going on in the milking industry, and cows, as well as farmers are experiencing the benefits. The advantage for the cows is that they can choose when and how many times a day they want to be milked. On the other hand, farmers no longer have to get up at 4 am every day to go to the milking sheds and this makes a huge difference to their way of life.
In traditional farming, cows are milked twice a day, in the morning and the evening, mainly because: this is the most convenient way for farmers to get two milking sessions completed in one day. However, this is not necessarily the best way for each individual cow. Because the robots are programmed to milk the cows whenever they arrive, the cows can be milked once, twice or even four times a day. It is an entirely voluntary system for the cows. They decide.
Farmers report that midnight is a particularly busy time at the milking shed. The interesting thing is the cows like the system once they get used to it. Farmers report that milk production increases, the cows live longer and they seem far more relaxed.
The computerized robotic system is entirely automatic. As the cows enter the facility, they are weighed, milked and productivity and health checks are carried out. The facility cleans itself at regular intervals(间隔)and if there is a problem, the robot sends the farmer a message.
Equipping a farm with robots is not cheap. However, farmers who have installed the robotic milking sheds, say they would never go back to the old system. The commonly reported sight of cows queuing patiently in front of their favourite robot must mean the cows like it too.
8. What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To talk about a kind of robot. B. To tell the importance of robots.
C. To introduce the applications of robots. D. To provide the definition of robotic system.
9. What benefit may robots bring to the cows according to the text
A. They can be freer to be milked. B. They can be milked twice a day.
C. They can choose the day to be milked. D. They can get up at 4 am to be milked.
10. Which of the following would the author probably agree
A. The robotic system is entirely automatic except for health checks.
B. The robotic system is so expensive that farmers will never install one.
C. The robotic system is voluntary for cows to be milked of their own free will.
D. Morning and evening are the two most convenient milking sessions for cows.
11. What would be the best title for the text
A. A robotic revolution in milking B. Cows favourite helper
C. Hands free for the farmers D. An expensive milking shed
【答案】8 C 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种挤奶机器人，奶牛和农民都能从使用机器人中受益。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“A robot may be defined as a machine that can be programmed to perform acts automatically. With the increase in high technology, robots are taking over boring or inconvenient work in many areas of life.(机器人可以被定义为一种可以通过编程自动执行动作的机器。随着高科技的发展，机器人正在接管生活中许多枯燥或不方便的工作。)”可知，第一段的目的是介绍机器人的应用。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The advantage for the cows is that they can choose when and how many times a day they want to be milked.(对奶牛来说，这样做的好处是它们可以选择每天什么时候挤奶以及挤奶多少次)”可知，机器人给奶牛带来的好处是它们可以更自由地被挤奶。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Because the robots are programmed to milk the cows whenever they arrive, the cows can be milked once, twice or even four times a day. It is an entirely voluntary system for the cows.(由于机器人经过编程，只要它们到达，就会给奶牛挤奶，因此每天可以给奶牛挤奶一次、两次甚至四次。对奶牛来说，这是一个完全自愿的制度)”可推知，作者可能会同意机器人系统是自愿的，奶牛可以根据自己的意愿挤奶。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“One area where robots are making an appearance is farming. There is a robotic revolution going on in the milking industry, and cows, as well as farmers are experiencing the benefits.(机器人正在出现的一个领域是农业。挤奶行业正在进行一场机器人革命，奶牛和农民都在从中受益)”再结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了一种挤奶机器人，以及它对奶牛和农民的好处，所以A项“挤奶的机器人改革”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
D
In August, Jason M. Allen’s piece “Theatre D’opéra Spatial” — which he created with Al image generator Midjourney — won first place in the emerging artist division’s “digital arts photography” category at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition. The definition for the category states that digital art refers to works that use “digital technology as part of the creative process”.
Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what, exactly, it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art. “It felt bad for the exact same reason we don’t let robots participate in the Olympics,” one Twitter user wrote. “This is the literal definition of ‘pressed a few buttons to make a digital art piece’,” another tweeted.
Yet while Allen didn’t use a paintbrush, there was plenty of work involved, he said. First, he played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in elegant dresses and space helmets, in an attempt to mix Victorian-style costuming with space themes. Over time, with many slight changes to his written prompt (提示符), he created 900 different versions of what led to his final image. Then he improved its resolution through Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.
Allen is glad the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is attracting so much attention. “Rather than hating on the technology, we need to recognize that it’s a powerful tool and use it for good so we can all move forward,” Allen said.
Cal Duran, one of the judges for the competition, said that while Allen’s piece included a mention of AI, he didn’t realize that when judging it. Still, he sticks by his decision to award it first place. “I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way,” he said.
12. Why has Jason’s work led to debates
A. It was a copy of a photograph.
B. He challenged the older artists.
C. It was created with the help of AI.
D. He broke the rule of the competition.
13. What can best describe Allen’s creating process
A. Cooperative.
B. Energy-consuming.
C. Straightforward.
D. Imagination-lacking.
14. What can we learn about AI from the last paragraph
A. It is a double-edged sword.
B. It attracts conventional artists.
C. It strikes art judges as no surprise.
D. It may open a new world to artists.
15. What is the text mainly about
A. A trend to be AI artists.
B. An AI-generated art contest.
C. Responses to a winning AI artwork.
D. Curiosity about an image generator.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。呈现在人工智能帮助下获奖艺术作品的出现引发的辩论。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what, exactly, it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art. (艾伦获奖的形象引发了关于成为艺术家到底意味着什么，以及人工智能能否真正创造艺术的争论。)”可推测，人们争论的点是艺术家意味着什么，以及人工智能能否创造艺术，即他的艺术获奖作品是在人工智能的帮助下完成的这件事情导致了争论。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“First, he played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in elegant dresses and space helmets, in an attempt to mix Victorian-style costuming with space themes. (首先，他反复琢磨措辞，使Midtravel产生了穿着优雅礼服和太空头盔的女性形象，试图将维多利亚风格的服装与太空主题相结合。)”以及最后一句“Then he improved its resolution through Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed. (然后，他通过Gigapixel AI提高了分辨率，最终打印出了图像。)”可以看出，他的作品是通过他和两种人工智能一起合作而成，即cooperative“合作的，协作的”。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Still, he sticks by his decision to award it first place. “I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way, ” he said. (尽管如此，他还是坚持自己的决定，将其评为第一名。他说：“我认为人工智能技术可能会给那些可能不会以传统方式成为艺术家的人更多机会。”)”可推测，在这位评委看来，人工智能给艺术和艺术家提供了更多机会，换言之，可能打开艺术新世界的大门。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what, exactly, it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art. (艾伦获奖的形象引发了关于成为艺术家到底意味着什么，以及人工智能能否真正创造艺术的争论。)”；第四段第一句“Allen is glad the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is attracting so much attention. (艾伦很高兴关于人工智能是否可以用来制造艺术的争论吸引了如此多的关注。)”以及最后一段最后一句“Still, he sticks by his decision to award it first place. “I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way, ” he said. (尽管如此，他还是坚持自己的决定，将其评为第一名。他说：“我认为人工智能技术可能会给那些可能不会以传统方式成为艺术家的人更多机会。”)”可知，本文主要呈现的是这幅在人工智能帮助下完成的艺术作品获奖后，引起的的辩论，即不同人对此不同的回应。故选C项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.____16____ Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.____17____
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time. ____18____ Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. ____19____ Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.
Working habits
____20____He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A. To make discoveries, you have to think differently.
B. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.
C. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion.
E. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
F. An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.
G. Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. B 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。成功绝非偶然，一定是一些特别的品质和性格才造就了那么多的伟人和成功人士。学习本文，让我们一起来欣赏这些成功科学家们的性格特点吧。
【16题详解】
C选项“它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人。”承接上文“The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. (字典将科学家定义为在一门或多门科学，特别是自然科学或物理科学方面具有专业知识的人)”讲字典对科学家这一名词的解释和理解，故选C项。
【17题详解】
G选项“如果科学家没有发问甚至好奇的动力，就永远无法进入科学过程的第一阶段。”承接小标题“Curiosity (好奇心)”和上文“An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. (一个优秀的科学家必须对事物非常好奇)”讲科学家要具备的一个特征就是有好奇心，故选G项。
【18题详解】
B选项“很少有工作比这一项需要更长时间。”承接小标题“Patience (耐心)”和上文“Becoming a scientist takes a long time. (成为一名科学家需要很长时间)”讲成为科学家时间很长，需要一定的耐心，故选B项。
【19题详解】
D选项“科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果，而不考虑个人利益或公众舆论。”和下文“Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. (坚持与证据相矛盾的旧信念是不诚实的。然而，没有强有力的证据，这种信念不应该改变)”一起表明科学家要诚实，坚持真理，这是科学家特征“Ethical (道德的) qualities (道德素质)”的体现，故选D项。
【20题详解】
由小标题“Working habits (工作习惯)”可知，下面一段主要谈到工作习惯，且下文“He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. (他/她可以单独或在团队中很好地工作，这取决于需要什么，还需要在纸上和口头上交流想法)”就是在讲科学家的工作习惯，F选项“一个优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并牢记在心。”也是一种工作习惯和方式。故选F项。
第二部分 语言运用（共四节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给A、B、C、D的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___21___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields
Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular ___22___ of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___23___ explosive (爆炸物). After years of ___24___, in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He ___25___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.
When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper ___26___ published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was ___27___ to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly ___28___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___29___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”
To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) ____30____. He spent his lifetime alone ____31____ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will. so as to ____32____ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ____33____, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ____34____ to mankind in physics, chemistry,physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel ____35____ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.
21. A. .remembering B. honouring C. crediting D. negating
22. A. nature B. .conduct C. flavour D. benefit
23. A. deadly B. bitter C. usable. D. mild
24. A. innovations B. efforts C. hesitation D. association
25. A. brought up B. put up C. broke up D. built up
26. A. mistakenly B. purposefully C. unintentionally D. scientifically
27. A. satisfied B. relieved C. impressed D. disappointed
28. A. praised B. blamed C. appreciated D. favoured
29. A. greedy B. essential C. rich D. sufficient
30. A. error B. warning C. threat D. consequence
31. A. destroying B. inventing C. combining D. stimulating
32. A. improve B. establish C. illustrate D. secure
33. A. request B. illustration C. will D. fortune
34. A. choices B. decisions C. profits D. contributions
35. A. gave away B. gave back C. gave off D. gave out
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. negating否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ___13___, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些杰出的人。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. conduct行为、举动；C. flavour味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innovations创新；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. association协会。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive (爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purposefully故意地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strongly ___8___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___9___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. error错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警告。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destroying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. combining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration说明、阐述；C. will意志、遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices选择；B. decisions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave off散发；D. gave out分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three Chinese astronauts of theShenzhou-13manned spaceship,___36___completed their six-month space station mission, returned to the Earth safely on April 16.
“The mission marks that China has completed the___37___(confirm) of key technologies of its space station and also___38___(set) a record for Chinese astronauts’ duration in orbit,” said the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA).
Shenzhou-13’s return capsule,___39___(carry) astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, touched down at the Dongfeng landing site in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. TheShenzhou-13manned mission was___40___complete success, the CMSA announced.
After the return capsule landed successfully, the ground search team arrived at the landing site. The medical staff confirmed that the astronauts were___41___good health.
Three astronauts___42___(lift) one by one by ground workers and placed onto chairs in front of the capsule. They looked___43___(relax) and waved to the ground crew.
From separating from the space station to return to the Earth, the journey took only over nine hours, the first time for a Chinese manned spaceship___44___(use) the “rapid return mode”. It shortened the flight___45___(main) by reducing traveling circles around the orbit, according to the CMSA.
【答案】36. who
37. confirmation
38. sets 39. carrying
40. a 41. in
42. were lifted
43. relaxed
44. to use 45. mainly
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇报道，文章介绍中国神舟13号载人飞船的三名宇航员完成空间站任务之后，安全返回地球的情况。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：4月16日，中国神舟13号载人飞船的三名宇航员完成了为期六个月的空间站任务，安全返回地球。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用关系词引导定语从句，先行词为Three Chinese astronauts，先行词在从句中充当主语，指人，因此需要使用关系代词who，故填who。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国载人航天机构(CMSA)表示:“这次任务标志着中国完成了空间站关键技术的确认，也创造了中国宇航员在轨时间的记录。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用名词做complete的宾语，“firm(确认)”名词形式为“confirmation”，故填confirmation。
【38题详解】
考查一般现在时。句意：中国载人航天机构CMSA表示：“这次任务标志着中国完成了空间站关键技术的确认，也创造了中国宇航员在轨时间的记录。根据所给句子分析可知，此句中“set(创造……记录)”通过and also与谓语“marks(标志着……)”构成并列关系，表示一般事实，因此需要使用一般现在时。故填sets。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：神舟13号返回舱载着宇航员翟志刚、王亚平和叶光福在中国北部内蒙古自治区的东风着陆点着陆。根据所给句子分析可知，此处carry为非谓语动词作状语，主语Shenzhou-13’s return capsule(神舟13号返回舱)与carry是主动关系，与谓语动词touched down同时反生，因此需要使用现在分词的主动形式，故填carrying。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国航天局宣布，神舟十三号载人航天任务圆满成功。根据所给句子分析可知，此句中“success”表示“一件成功事件”是可数名词，complete首字母的发音为辅音音素。因此此处使用不定冠词a，故填a。
【41题详解】
考查介词搭配。句意：返回舱成功着陆后，地面搜索队到达着陆点。医务人员证实，宇航员健康状况良好。根据短语“in good health”意为“身体状况良好”可知此处需要使用介词in构成固定搭配。故填in。
【42题详解】
考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：三名宇航员被地面工作人员一个接一个地抬到太空舱前面的椅子上。根据所给句子分析可知，主语“Three astronauts(三名宇航员)”是复数形式，并且与动词lift是被动关系，结合句意可知，这一动作发生在过去，因此需要使用一般过去时的被动语态形式were+过分分词，故填were lifted。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们看上去很放松，并向地勤人员挥手致意。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用形容词作look的表语，表示主语人—They(他们)看起来放松，因此需要使用-ed形容词形式，故填relaxed。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从空间站分离到返回地球，整个过程只用了9个多小时，这是中国载人飞船首次采用“快速返回模式”。根据所给句子分析可知，此处use为非谓语动与the first time构成固定结构the first time to do sth.意为“第一次做……”，因此需要使用不定式形式，故填to use。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：据CMSA称，它主要通过减少在轨道上的运行周期来缩短飞行时间。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用副词作状语，意为“主要”通过缩短飞行时间，“main(主要的)”副词形式为“mainly”，故填mainly。
第三节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
46. Joe had never tried to __________ (analysis) their relationship.(所给词适当形式填空)
【答案】analyse
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：乔从未试图分析他们的关系。分析句子可知，设空处需要动词原形构成不定式充当动词try的宾语，analysis的动词是analyse。故填analyse。
47. We have to delay our journey because of the ________(normal) weather conditions. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】abnormal
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于异常的天气情况，我们不得不推迟行程。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入形容词作weather conditions的定语，根据前半句“不得不推迟行程”可推知，天气情况不理想，所给词为normal“正常的”，其反义词abnormal“异常的；反常的”符合句意。故填abnormal。
48. In the ____________ (absent) of teaches’ instruction, I don’t know how to combine what I have learned with practice. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】absence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在没有老师指导的情况下，我不知道如何将所学知识与实践相结合。作介词的宾语应用名词absence，不可数。故填absence。
49. This boy showed a strong ________(prefer) for building blocks (积木) when he was young. (用所给词的正确形式填空)
【答案】preference
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个男孩小时候就对搭积木表现出强烈的偏好。分析句子可知，空处作showed的宾语，prefer的名词形式preference“偏好，喜好”符合题意，且空前有a strong，preference应用单数形式。故填preference。
50. Please state your name, address and __________ (occupy). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】occupation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：请说出你的姓名、地址和职业。分析知，空处和前文的name, address并列，所以空处应填名词作宾语，occupy的名词形式是occupation意为“职业”。故填occupation。
第四节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）
阅读下列句子，从方框内选择合适的短语，在空白处填入其适当形式。
come to power; take up a position; keep in touch with; insist on; commit oneself to; in this sense; switch off;
51. Due to his remarkable management skills, at this time of next year, he _______________________ as the general manager in the company.
52. Mei Lanfang _______________________ the development of Beijing Opera, who is still widely remembered for his skill, kindness, and deep love for his country.
53. She _______________________ going to Beijing by air as it was more comfortable.
54. _______________________ each other by Wechat is a common way nowadays
55. “Wealth” _____________________ is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy.
【答案】51. will be taking up a position
52. committed himself to
53. insisted on
54. Keeping in touch with
55. in this sense
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：由于他卓越的管理才能，明年这个时候，他将担任公司的总经理一职。分析知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处填谓语，根据句意，应是take up a position意为“担任职位”符合语境，又根据时间状语at this time of next year可知，应该用将来进行时。故填will be taking up a position。
【52题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：梅兰芳致力于京剧的发展，他的技巧、善良和对祖国的热爱至今仍被人们广泛记住。分析知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处填谓语，根据句意，应是commit oneself to意为“致力于”，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填committed himself to。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：她坚持乘飞机去北京，因为乘飞机更舒服。分析知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处填谓语，根据句意，应是insist on意为“坚持”，根据后文的was可知，用一般过去时。故填insisted on。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：现在通过微信保持联系是一种常见的方式。根据后文的“by Wechat”可知，通过微信应是保持联系，所以空处应是keep in touch with意为“保持联系”，又空处在句中作主语，应用动名词形式作主语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Keeping in touch with。
【55题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：从这个意义上说，“财富”不是钱，因为我们不是靠钱生活，而是靠钱能买到的东西生活。根据后文“for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy”可知，在某种意义上，“财富”不是钱，所以in this sense意为“在这个意义上”符合语境。故填in this sense。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（满分15分）
56. 假如你是李华，学校论坛英文版想邀请你写一篇文章刊登在论坛上，介绍中国的移动支付（mobile payment）的情况和人们对此的不同看法。
要点如下：
1. 移动支付现状；
2. 移动支付为人们带来的利和弊。
注意： 1. 词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇： Alipay 支付宝
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Nowadays, Alipay,an efficient way to pay, is popular with people. More and more people are switching to this new and unique way.Some advocate using it,as it makes life easier,while others feel it is not secure.
On one hand, mobile payment has its advantages and disadvantages.As for me, the advantages are as follows: to begin with , it is convenient,which can be used in almost any case. In addition, security—not only can it protect you against fake money,but theft of cash can be greatly reduced.
On the other hand, nevertheless, some oppose it for its potential disadvantages. For example, the old may not keep up with this innovation. Hence, it may result in some inconvenience for them.
【解析】
【详解】本篇书面表达属于提纲式作文，假如你是李华，学校论坛英文版想邀请你写一篇文章刊登在论坛上，介绍中国的移动支付（mobile payment）的情况和人们对此的不同看法。要点如下：1.移动支付现状； 2. 移动支付为人们带来的利和弊。
1. 词汇积累
转向：turn to→ switch to
安全的：safe→ secure
反对：reject→ oppose
导致：lead to → result in
2句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：For example, the old may not keep up with this innovation. Hence, it may result in some inconvenience for them.
拓展句：For example, the old may not keep up with this innovation, which may result in some inconvenience for them.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] As for me, the advantages are as follows: to begin with , it is convenient, which can be used in almost any case.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] In addition, security—not only can it protect you against fake money, but theft of cash can be greatly reduced.(运用了not only 置于句首时的倒装句)
第二节（满分15分）
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段文章，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Honesty Won’t Let You Down
Asad was a 13-year-old boy who was very honest and hardworking. Recently, he had entered a new school, so he had no friends yet. On Monday morning, he was nearly late for school. The night before, his family attended his cousin’s wedding and reached home late, which was why he couldn’t get up on time as usual.
At school, Asad could not pay attention to anything and wanted the bell to ring so that he could buy something to eat. After a few hours, when the bell rang, Asad quickly opened his schoolbag to find his money, but just then he remembered that he had left for school in a hurry in the morning and forgotten to take money. He looked under his books, hoping to find some money but there was nothing.
Not knowing what to do, he walked out of the classroom and sat on a bench in front of the canteen. He saw a few of his classmates there, among them was Fahad. He was one of the richest kids in his class, but he was a very arrogant boy who thought everyone else was a loser. But as Asad was new, he didn’t know much about Fahad.
When he went towards Fahad and asked if he could borrow some money for his lunch, Fahad laughed a lot and said, “I knew you were a loser, maybe a beggar ” Fahad laughed out so loud that other kids also heard it and made fun of the situation. He didn’t answer Fahad, and slowly walked back towards an empty bench.
When he reached the bench, he noticed something lying near it. It was a wallet. He picked it up and recognized it as Fahad’s, as he remembered Fahad showing it to his friends and telling them that his uncle had bought it for him from the UK. There was quite a lot of money inside for a kid.
续写要求：
1. 续写词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At first, Asad wanted to keep it a secret and punish Fahad.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
At first, Asad wanted to keep it a secret and punished Fahad. However, another voice urged him to give it back to Fahad, which made him feel torn. “I should never keep the wallet at the cost of my honesty” Asad convinced himself. He caught Fahad up, and return it to Fahad. Taking over the wallet, Fahad said, “Why are you giving it back ” Calmly and patiently, Asad explained, “I had originally wanted to keep it secret as a punishment for your arrogance, but being honest matters more to me.” Hearing what Asad had said, Fahad felt ashamed and apologized to Asad, and treated him for lunch.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。Asad是一个非常诚实和勤奋的男孩。最近，他进入了一所新学校，还没有朋友。一天，Asad忘记带钱包了，没钱吃午饭，他问Fahad能不能借点钱吃午饭时，Fahad嘲笑他。他走开后，却发现了Fahad的钱包。经过思想斗争，最终，Asad将钱包还给了Fahad。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由句首内容“起初，阿萨德想保守秘密，惩罚法哈德。”可知，可以描写Asad对于是否还钱包的心理活动以及他还钱时Fahad的动作和心情。
2.续写线索：捡钱包——内心挣扎——决定归还——还钱包——收到感谢——吃午饭
3.词汇激活
行为类
①惩罚：punish/ penalize
②催促：urge/ press
③说服：convince/ persuade
情绪类
①平静地：calmly/ tranquilly
②惭愧的：ashamed/guilty
【点睛】【高分句型1】However, another voice urged him to give it back to Fahad, which made him feel torn. ( 运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Hearing what Asad had said, Fahad felt ashamed and apologized to Asad, and treated him for lunch. (运用了现在分词Hearing作状语和what引导的宾语从句)博罗中学2023-2024学年度上学期高二英语10月月考卷
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分60分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
In order to make sure Harvard is an affordable choice for your undergraduate education you can consider financial aid packages made up of a combination of four types of funding.
Scholarships & Grants
Because Harvard is committed to affordability, our scholarships are designed to cover 100% of your demonstrated financial need. Here is our process:
—Establish your parent contribution;
—Factor in student employment and outside awards;
—Cover the remaining needs by scholarship funds which never need to be repaid.
● Outside Awards
Like many of our students, you may receive funds from sources outside Harvard, such as secondary schools, your parental employers, etc. Since the intention of these awards is that they be used for educational purposes, you must report them to Harvard and apply them toward your college expenses. We will consider your outside awards as a part of your overall financial aid funding.
Student Employment
If you receive financial aid from Harvard, you will likely be expected to contribute to your education through employment. Your expected term-time work expectation is often around 10 to 12 hours per week. All wages earned are paid directly to you, rather than appearing on your term bill, and can be used to help pay for your out-of-pocket personal expenses.
● Loans
You are not expected to take out loans, since our aid packages are designed to cover your financial need without additional borrowing. However, you may choose to pursue loans to help cover your student or family contribution. If you are interested in a loan, we will help you find one that works for you.
Types of Student Loans for Year 22-23
—Federal Direct Subsidized Stafford Loan
—Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loan
—Harvard Loans
—Additional loan information
1. Who may be the target readers of the text
A. Parents unable to afford university fees.
B. College freshmen with financial concerns.
C. Students with excellent academic performance.
D. Undergraduates with outside financial supports.
2. How can scholarship funds help you
A. Cover 100% of your expenses. B. Balance your earnings and awards.
C. Help your parents to pay off debts. D. Bridge your financial gap in college.
3. According to the passage, which of the following may help cover your personal expenses
A. Scholarships & Grants. B. Outside Awards.
C. Student Employment. D. Loans.
B
When I was 9 and walking on the road, the people of my village frowned at me, a young girl in a school uniform. They asked Dad, “Why waste your money like this ” Dad said nothing and told me to walk ahead. Education was very important to him. He would sit us down and paint a picture with colors of the future he saw for us in every letter we wrote, in every math problem we solved.
However, today as I sit at my wedding, there are still plenty of colors all over the room: red on my nails, gold necklaces around my neck, and white roses lying in the center. Women in pink from all over the village sit in a circle playing the hand-drum. My uncle spared no expense when it came to decorations, jewelry and clothing — which was ironic(讽刺的), because obviously, he had no other financial option but to marry off his 15-year-old niece who was declared his responsibility after the tragic death of his sister and brother-in-law. But it was a matter of izzat he said, not wanting to cheaper himself.
Izzat, what a funny word. It was so delicately placed on the shoulders of every woman in this society, getting heavier as she grows older yet somehow weaker — the tiniest wind can tear it to pieces. Izzat. Maybe one day I’ll live in a village where izzat is torn up through marrying a girl twenty-three years younger than you, and by selling off your only daughter because there was no other solution for your poor family.
Maybe one day, I’ll live in a world where the birth of a girl isn’t followed by a sigh or a ‘Never mind. Next time. ‘On that day, we’ll hand over crayons to our young girls, and watch them color our world; we’ll tell them: deepen the blue of the sky by flying planes through them, paint the grass greener with every football match you play and leave traces of silver from the surgical knife in your hand — take any other color you need and draw rainbows upon rainbows until they’re enough to build a bridge to your dreams. One day, for sure.
4. Why did people frown at the author
A. They disliked her school uniform.
B. They treated girls’ education lightly.
C. They thought she was too young for school.
D. They wondered why her dad was speechless.
5. What does the underlined word “izzat” mean in paragraph 2
A. Honor. B. Ambition. C. Fortune. D. Knowledge.
6. What can be inferred about the girls from paragraph 3
A. They are considered as the future of society.
B. They are supposed to be gifted in all walks of life.
C. They are regarded as tradable goods for the family.
D. They are thought to be responsible for their marriage.
7. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Color the Girls’Future B. Live Up to Family Izzat
C. Marry Your Mr. Right D. Be Father’s Daughter
C
A robot may be defined as a machine that can be programmed to perform acts automatically. With the increase in high technology, robots are taking over boring or inconvenient work in many areas of life.
One area where robots are making an appearance is farming. There is a robotic revolution going on in the milking industry, and cows, as well as farmers are experiencing the benefits. The advantage for the cows is that they can choose when and how many times a day they want to be milked. On the other hand, farmers no longer have to get up at 4 am every day to go to the milking sheds and this makes a huge difference to their way of life.
In traditional farming, cows are milked twice a day, in the morning and the evening, mainly because: this is the most convenient way for farmers to get two milking sessions completed in one day. However, this is not necessarily the best way for each individual cow. Because the robots are programmed to milk the cows whenever they arrive, the cows can be milked once, twice or even four times a day. It is an entirely voluntary system for the cows. They decide.
Farmers report that midnight is a particularly busy time at the milking shed. The interesting thing is the cows like the system once they get used to it. Farmers report that milk production increases, the cows live longer and they seem far more relaxed.
The computerized robotic system is entirely automatic. As the cows enter the facility, they are weighed, milked and productivity and health checks are carried out. The facility cleans itself at regular intervals(间隔)and if there is a problem, the robot sends the farmer a message.
Equipping a farm with robots is not cheap. However, farmers who have installed the robotic milking sheds, say they would never go back to the old system. The commonly reported sight of cows queuing patiently in front of their favourite robot must mean the cows like it too.
8. What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To talk about a kind of robot. B. To tell the importance of robots.
C. To introduce the applications of robots. D. To provide the definition of robotic system.
9. What benefit may robots bring to the cows according to the text
A. They can be freer to be milked. B. They can be milked twice a day.
C. They can choose the day to be milked. D. They can get up at 4 am to be milked.
10. Which of the following would the author probably agree
A. The robotic system is entirely automatic except for health checks.
B. The robotic system is so expensive that farmers will never install one.
C. The robotic system is voluntary for cows to be milked of their own free will.
D. Morning and evening are the two most convenient milking sessions for cows.
11. What would be the best title for the text
A. A robotic revolution in milking B. Cows favourite helper
C. Hands free for the farmers D. An expensive milking shed
D
In August, Jason M. Allen’s piece “Theatre D’opéra Spatial” — which he created with Al image generator Midjourney — won first place in the emerging artist division’s “digital arts photography” category at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition. The definition for the category states that digital art refers to works that use “digital technology as part of the creative process”.
Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what, exactly, it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art. “It felt bad for the exact same reason we don’t let robots participate in the Olympics,” one Twitter user wrote. “This is the literal definition of ‘pressed a few buttons to make a digital art piece’,” another tweeted.
Yet while Allen didn’t use a paintbrush, there was plenty of work involved, he said. First, he played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in elegant dresses and space helmets, in an attempt to mix Victorian-style costuming with space themes. Over time, with many slight changes to his written prompt (提示符), he created 900 different versions of what led to his final image. Then he improved its resolution through Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.
Allen is glad the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is attracting so much attention. “Rather than hating on the technology, we need to recognize that it’s a powerful tool and use it for good so we can all move forward,” Allen said.
Cal Duran, one of the judges for the competition, said that while Allen’s piece included a mention of AI, he didn’t realize that when judging it. Still, he sticks by his decision to award it first place. “I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way,” he said.
12. Why has Jason’s work led to debates
A. It was a copy of a photograph.
B. He challenged the older artists.
C. It was created with the help of AI.
D. He broke the rule of the competition.
13. What can best describe Allen’s creating process
A. Cooperative.
B. Energy-consuming.
C. Straightforward.
D. Imagination-lacking.
14. What can we learn about AI from the last paragraph
A. It is a double-edged sword.
B. It attracts conventional artists.
C. It strikes art judges as no surprise.
D. It may open a new world to artists.
15. What is the text mainly about
A. A trend to be AI artists.
B. An AI-generated art contest.
C. Responses to a winning AI artwork.
D. Curiosity about an image generator.
第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.____16____ Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.____17____
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time. ____18____ Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. ____19____ Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.
Working habits
____20____He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A. To make discoveries, you have to think differently.
B. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.
C. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion.
E. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
F. An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.
G. Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process.
第二部分 语言运用（共四节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给A、B、C、D的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___21___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular ___22___ of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___23___ explosive (爆炸物). After years of ___24___, in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He ___25___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.
When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper ___26___ published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was ___27___ to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly ___28___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___29___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”
To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) ____30____. He spent his lifetime alone ____31____ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will. so as to ____32____ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ____33____, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ____34____ to mankind in physics, chemistry,physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel ____35____ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.
21 A. .remembering B. honouring C. crediting D. negating
22. A. nature B. .conduct C. flavour D. benefit
23. A. deadly B. bitter C. usable. D. mild
24. A. innovations B. efforts C. hesitation D. association
25. A. brought up B. put up C. broke up D. built up
26. A. mistakenly B. purposefully C. unintentionally D. scientifically
27. A. satisfied B. relieved C. impressed D. disappointed
28. A. praised B. blamed C. appreciated D. favoured
29. A. greedy B. essential C. rich D. sufficient
30 A. error B. warning C. threat D. consequence
31. A. destroying B. inventing C. combining D. stimulating
32. A. improve B. establish C. illustrate D. secure
33. A. request B. illustration C. will D. fortune
34 A. choices B. decisions C. profits D. contributions
35. A. gave away B. gave back C. gave off D. gave out
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three Chinese astronauts of theShenzhou-13manned spaceship,___36___completed their six-month space station mission, returned to the Earth safely on April 16.
“The mission marks that China has completed the___37___(confirm) of key technologies of its space station and also___38___(set) a record for Chinese astronauts’ duration in orbit,” said the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA).
Shenzhou-13’s return capsule,___39___(carry) astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, touched down at the Dongfeng landing site in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. TheShenzhou-13manned mission was___40___complete success, the CMSA announced.
After the return capsule landed successfully, the ground search team arrived at the landing site. The medical staff confirmed that the astronauts were___41___good health.
Three astronauts___42___(lift) one by one by ground workers and placed onto chairs in front of the capsule. They looked___43___(relax) and waved to the ground crew.
From separating from the space station to return to the Earth, the journey took only over nine hours, the first time for a Chinese manned spaceship___44___(use) the “rapid return mode”. It shortened the flight___45___(main) by reducing traveling circles around the orbit, according to the CMSA.
第三节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
46. Joe had never tried to __________ (analysis) their relationship.(所给词的适当形式填空)
47. We have to delay our journey because of the ________(normal) weather conditions. （所给词的适当形式填空）
48. In the ____________ (absent) of teaches’ instruction, I don’t know how to combine what I have learned with practice. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49. This boy showed a strong ________(prefer) for building blocks (积木) when he was young. (用所给词的正确形式填空)
50. Please state your name, address and __________ (occupy). (所给词的适当形式填空)
第四节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）
阅读下列句子，从方框内选择合适的短语，在空白处填入其适当形式。
come to power; take up a position; keep in touch with; insist on; commit oneself to; in this sense; switch off;
51. Due to his remarkable management skills, at this time of next year, he _______________________ as the general manager in the company.
52. Mei Lanfang _______________________ the development of Beijing Opera, who is still widely remembered for his skill, kindness, and deep love for his country.
53. She _______________________ going to Beijing by air as it was more comfortable.
54. _______________________ each other by Wechat is a common way nowadays
55. “Wealth” _____________________ is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（满分15分）
56. 假如你是李华，学校论坛英文版想邀请你写一篇文章刊登在论坛上，介绍中国移动支付（mobile payment）的情况和人们对此的不同看法。
要点如下：
1. 移动支付现状；
2. 移动支付为人们带来的利和弊。
注意： 1. 词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇： Alipay 支付宝
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分15分）
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段文章，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Honesty Won’t Let You Down
Asad was a 13-year-old boy who was very honest and hardworking. Recently, he had entered a new school, so he had no friends yet. On Monday morning, he was nearly late for school. The night before, his family attended his cousin’s wedding and reached home late, which was why he couldn’t get up on time as usual.
At school, Asad could not pay attention to anything and wanted the bell to ring so that he could buy something to eat. After a few hours, when the bell rang, Asad quickly opened his schoolbag to find his money, but just then he remembered that he had left for school in a hurry in the morning and forgotten to take money. He looked under his books, hoping to find some money but there was nothing.
Not knowing what to do, he walked out of the classroom and sat on a bench in front of the canteen. He saw a few of his classmates there, among them was Fahad. He was one of the richest kids in his class, but he was a very arrogant boy who thought everyone else was a loser. But as Asad was new, he didn’t know much about Fahad.
When he went towards Fahad and asked if he could borrow some money for his lunch, Fahad laughed a lot and said, “I knew you were a loser, maybe a beggar ” Fahad laughed out so loud that other kids also heard it and made fun of the situation. He didn’t answer Fahad, and slowly walked back towards an empty bench.
When he reached the bench, he noticed something lying near it. It was a wallet. He picked it up and recognized it as Fahad’s, as he remembered Fahad showing it to his friends and telling them that his uncle had bought it for him from the UK. There was quite a lot of money inside for a kid.
续写要求：
1. 续写词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At first, Asad wanted to keep it a secret and punish Fahad.
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