科尔沁左翼中旗实验高级中学
2022-2023学年上学期高二年级期中英语试卷
时间：120分钟 满分：150分
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
In the year-and-a-half since Broadway reopened, tourism and ticket sales have not returned to pre-pandemic levels. So, looking forward to spring 2023, you never know what’s going to hit or miss. Often all you can do when trying to predict what will be worth seeing is to look at who wrote the script and who’s directing and starring. Here are four Broadway and off-Broadway shows I’m keeping an eye on.
Bad Cinderella
Imperial Theatre; begins previews February 17, opens March 23
Composer Andrew Lloyd Webber brings his latest show, a contemporary retelling of the Cinderella story, to New York. Will Lord Lloyd Webber find success with this new musical
The Jungle
St. Ann’s Warehouse; begins performances February 18
This immersive production, first seen in 2018, puts the audience right inside the tents of a refugee (难民) camp in Calais, France. It tells the heart-breaking stories of refugees from the Middle East and Africa.
Fat Ham
American Airlines Theatre; begins previews March 21, opens April 12
James Ijames’ Pulitzer Prize-winning comedy was a hit on a small stage in 2022. A retelling of Hamlet, set at a Black family cookout, it deals with questions of manliness and is both funny and joyous.
Prima Facie
Golden Theatre; begins previews April 11, opens April 23
Emmy Award-winning actress Jodie Comer, who acts as a lawyer, appears in this one-person play by Suzie Miller, which was a hit in London. It will be exciting to see this actress in person.
1 Which is put on show for the first time
A. Bad Cinderella B. The Jungle C. Fat Ham D. Prima Facie
2. On which day can you enjoy a show with amusing plots
A. February18. B. March 23. C. April 12. D. April 23.
3. Where can audiences meet Jodie Comer on the spot
A. Imperial Theatre. B. St. Ann’s Warehouse.
C. American Airlines Theatre. D. Golden Theatre.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几部百老汇和百老汇外的剧目。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Bad Cinderella部分的“Composer Andrew Lloyd Webber brings his latest show, a contemporary retelling of the Cinderella story, to New York. (作曲家安德鲁·劳埃德·韦伯(Andrew Lloyd Webber)将他的最新演出——当代灰姑娘故事的重演——带到了纽约。)”可知，Bad Cinderella这部戏剧第一次上映。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Fat Ham部分的“A retelling of Hamlet, set at a Black family cookout, it deals with questions of manliness and is both funny and joyous. (这是一部重述《哈姆雷特》的作品，故事发生在一个黑人家庭的野餐活动中，涉及男子气概的问题，既有趣又欢乐。)”可知，在Fat Ham中，你能欣赏情节有趣的情节，这部戏剧是在4月12日上映的。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prima Facie部分的“Golden Theatre”以及“Emmy Award-winning actress Jodie Comer, who acts as a lawyer, appears in this one-person play by Suzie Miller, which was a hit in London. (曾获得艾美奖的女演员朱迪·科默(Jodie Comer)饰演的律师在苏茜·米勒(Suzie Miller)的独角戏中亮相，在伦敦引起了轰动。)”可知，观众可以在Golden Theatre见到Jodie Comer。故选D。
B
A good gift is one that is more valuable for the recipient than it is for the giver. But most gifts destroy value rather than create it. Think of the Christmas-tree-shaped cookie jar that cost your aunt 530 but is worth considerably less than zero to you, posing a moral conundrum (难题): Do you throw it right into the trash or wait a couple of months The economist Joel Waldfogel calls this discrepancy the “deadweight loss” of gifts, and estimates that, on average, it is from 10 percent to a third of a gift’s price.
One explanation for the deadweight loss is a mismatch between desirability and feasibility. Consider n gadget that is useful (high disability) but difficult to set up and time-consuming to use (low feasibility). Scholars have found that givers usually focus on desirability, and receivers are more aware of feasibility. Your friend who bought you a fancy wearable fitness tracker probably thought it was a really cool and helpful gift; to you, it seems like a massive headache to figure out, requires an app download and a monthly fee, and offers data that will either make you feel terrible about yourself or turn into a life-ruining obsession. That’s why it is still sitting in your drawer in its original package.
Another happiness-killing mismatch can occur between the receiver’s initial reaction and their long-term satisfaction. As Anna Goldfarb noted in The Atlantic a few weeks ago, givers tend to look for “reaction-maximizing gifts” (such as the wife’s over-the-top response to the car) as opposed to “satisfaction-maximizing gifts.” Once the giver is not present to see the receiver’s reaction, the receiver might not actually be that excited about socks with her best friend’s face on them.
Someone looking for a big reaction might be tempted to buy a wildly expensive gift, which poses its own emotional problems. In the worst cases, they may even be trying to exert dominance over you, or manipulate you into doing them a favor later. Either way, receiving a gift that’s too nice might make you feel guilty. According to one 2019 survey from CompareCards, 46 percent of respondents felt guilty for being unable to give a gift worth as much as the one they received.
In truth, the biggest benefit to most gift giving is to the giver herself. Generosity is truly a way to buy happiness. As my colleague Michael Norton and his co-authors showed in the journal Science in 2008, although spending money on oneself is weakly related to happiness, spending money on others significantly rises the giver’s well-being. Neuroscientists have shown that charitable giving to others engages the reward system, inducing pleasure in one of the same ways that alcohol and certain drugs do. (Maybe this is the real reason Santa is so jolly.)
4. What does “deadweight loss” of gifts in para.1 refer to
A. The value the gift creates rather than destroys.
B. The money the giver spends on a meaningful gift
C. The good-will and thoughtfulness of the gift giver.
D. The loss of the gift value in the eyes of the receiver.
5. How would the receiver describe the ‘fancy wearable fitness tracker’ as a gift
A. Fashionable and practical. B. Unfriendly and upsetting.
C. Desirable and satisfactory. D. Expensive and unworthy.
6. What makes the receiver not excited about socks printed with her best friend’s face
A. That the giver is not present to see the receiver’s reaction.
B. That the receiver was expecting something wildly expensive.
C. Thot the giver is confused about what gift brings satisfaction.
D. That the receiver was expecting something he/she truly wants.
7. Which of the following best describes the main idea of this article
A. It is in giving that givers receive.
B. Gift-giving is in most cases a win-win situation.
C. The greatest gift you can give is your time and attention.
D. Presents are generally terrible, but they can still bring you joy.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述送礼者认为很有价值的东西可能对于接受者却没有什么价值，文章解释了其原因，最后指出大多数礼物的最大好处是给送礼者自己，为他人花钱能显著提高给予者的幸福感。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Think of the Christmas-tree-shaped cookie jar that cost your aunt 530 but is worth considerably less than zero to you, posing a moral conundrum (难题): Do you throw it right into the trash or wait a couple of months The economist Joel Waldfogel calls this discrepancy the ‘deadweight loss’ of gifts, and estimates that, on average, it is from 10 percent to a third of a gift’s price.(想想那个圣诞树形状的饼干罐，它花了你阿姨530美元，但对你来说却不值多少钱，这就产生了一个道德难题：你是直接把它扔进垃圾桶，还是等上几个月？经济学家Joel Waldfogel将这种差异称为礼物的‘无谓损失’，他估计，平均而言，这种差异是礼物价格的10%到三分之一)”可知，送礼者认为很有价值的东西在接受者看来没什么价值，故“无谓损失”是指礼物在接受者眼中的价值损失。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“to you, it seems like a massive headache to figure out, requires an app download and a monthly fee, and offers data that will either make you feel terrible about yourself or turn into a life-ruining obsession. That’s why it is still sitting in your drawer in its original package.(对你来说，这似乎是一个非常头疼的问题，需要下载应用程序并按月付费，而且提供的数据要么会让你对自己感觉糟糕，要么会变成一种毁掉生活的痴迷。这就是为什么它仍然原封不动地放在你的抽屉里)”可知，收到一个漂亮的可穿戴健身追踪器对接受者来说是一个头疼的问题，所以接受者可能认为它不友好且令人心烦。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“As Anna Goldfarb noted in The Atlantic a few weeks ago, givers tend to look for “reaction-maximizing gifts” (such as the wife’s over-the-top response to the car) as opposed to ‘satisfaction-maximizing gifts.’ Once the giver is not present to see the receiver’s reaction, the receiver might not actually be that excited about socks with her best friend’s face on them.(正如Anna Goldfarb布几周前在《大西洋月刊》上指出的那样，送礼者倾向于寻找‘反应最大化的礼物’（比如妻子对汽车的过度反应），而不是‘满意度最大化的礼物’。一旦送礼者不在现场，看不到收礼者的反应，收礼者可能就不会对印着她最好朋友头像的袜子感到兴奋了)”可知，送礼者倾向于寻找“反应最大化的礼物”，而不是“满意度最大化的礼物”，所以收礼者不会对印着她最好朋友头像的袜子感到兴奋，是因为这不是“满意度最大化的礼物”，即不是收礼者真正想要的礼物，故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“A good gift is one that is more valuable for the recipient than it is for the giver. But most gifts destroy value rather than create it.(好的礼物对接受者来说比送礼者更有价值。但大多数礼物都是破坏价值而不是创造价值)”及最后一段中“Neuroscientists have shown that charitable giving to others engages the reward system, inducing pleasure in one of the same ways that alcohol and certain drugs do.(神经科学家已经证明，对他人的慈善捐赠会激活奖励系统，以与酒精和某些药物相同的方式产生愉悦感)”可知，文章主要讲述送礼者认为很有价值的东西可能对于接受者却没有什么价值，文章解释了其原因，最后指出大多数礼物的最大好处是给送礼者自己，为他人花钱能显著提高给予者的幸福感，故D项“礼物通常很糟糕，但是它们仍然能给你带来快乐”能够总结本文大意。故选D。
C
The world has faced a food crisis of unprecedented(前所未有的) proportions in 2022—the largest in modern history, as conflict, the COVID-19 pandemic, climate crisis and rising costs have combined to pose great risks for hungry people across the world. As many as 828 million people go to bed hungry every night. The number of those facing acute food insecurity has risen from 135 million to 345 million since 2019. A total of 49 million people in 49 countries are suffering hunger, according to figures from the United Nations’ World Food Programme.
“We are facing an unprecedented global food crisis and all signs suggest we have not yet seen the worst. For the last three years, hunger numbers have repeatedly hit new peaks,” WFP Executive Director David Beasley said. He warned that things can and will get worse unless there is a large-scale and coordinated(协调一致的) effort to address the causes of this crisis.
There are many reasons for prevailing high levels of food insecurity. These reasons include conflicts, climate changes and weather extremes, economic slowdowns and downturns. In addition, these drivers often do not act alone. For instance, conflicts are often accompanied by economic downturns, which affect livelihoods and the ability of people to earn resources, leading to increasing poverty levels and higher prevalence(流行) of food insecurity.
Unfortunately, the main reasons for high levels of food insecurity have not improved this year. People in the Horn of Africa are facing a fifth consecutive(连续的) failed rain season in parts of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia, which will constrain their production, and is likely to push many people deeper into food insecurity.
Moreover, there is uncertainty about the weather. And climatic shock affecting any major producer or exporter will introduce additional uncertainty into production and consequently prices, which in turn impact the ability to purchase food, particularly of the most vulnerable people.
8. How does the author lead in the topic
A. By making a comparison. B. By sharing personal experience.
C. By giving opinions with evidence. D. By listing facts and accurate figures.
9. What can we know from David Beasley’s words
A. This global food crisis won’t last longer.
B. It’s certain that the global food crisis will get worse.
C. We need to work together to deal with the global food crisis.
D. There will be another new peak of hunger numbers in three years.
10. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Characters. B. Operators. C. Factors. D. Activities.
11. What is the best title for the passage
A. The Issue of Food Safety B. The Unprecedented Food Crisis
C. Conflicts Causing Food Shortage D. Efforts Put into the Study of Food Insecurity
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了世界面临着前所未有的食物危机，并分析了其产生原因。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。第一段第一句中的“The world has faced a food crisis of unprecedented(前所未有的) proportions in 2022”点明本文主题，即2022年世界面临着前所未有的粮食危机比例。接着作者在下文中通过“As many as 828 million people”“from 135 million to 345 million”“A total of 49 million people in 49 countries”等数据和实例来支撑自己的观点。由此可推测出作者是通过罗列事实和精确的数据来引入主题的。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“He warned that things can and will get worse unless there is a large-scale and coordinated(协调一致的) effort to address the causes of this crisis.(他警告说，除非有大规模协调一致的努力来解决造成这场危机的原因，否则事情可以并且将会变得更糟。)”可知，如果不努力解决产生危机的原因，全球食物危机将会变得更为严重，由此可推测我们应该共同努力来应对全球食物危机。故选C。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前一句“These reasons include conflicts, climate changes and weather extremes, economic slowdowns and downturns.(这些原因包括冲突、气候变化和极端天气、经济放缓和衰退。)”可知，these drivers指代上文中的“这些原因”，由此可推测，driver意为“驱动因素”，与factor“因素”意思相近。故选C。
【11题详解】
标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界面临着前所未有的食物危机，并分析了其产生原因。由此可推测本文主要围绕食物危机展开，B项“前所未有的食物危机”符合题意。故选B。
D
Arguably, the biggest science development of the year to date has been the images of the very depths of the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Those images beg a comparison between the external and internal universes that science is bent on observing and understanding.
Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space.
There are many similarities between the progress we’ve made in understanding the universe and in piecing together life’s inner workings. Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. Learning that living things were composed of cells was, not a terribly long time ago, a revolutionary observation. Since then, scientists have been able to dive ever deeper into the components of life.
Going beyond merely observing the complicated makeup of organisms, life scientists can now discover the workings of molecules (分子). And that is where scanning the universe differs from peering into biology. Understanding the universe, especially from a functional standpoint, is not necessarily an immediate urgency. Understanding biology on that level is. Simply observing the amazing internal structure of cells is not enough. Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging.
This is not to belittle the work of scientists researching into universe. They should rightly be praised for delivering views of impossibly distant, impossibly massive phenomena. My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. The output of both the outward and inward explorations should stimulate wonder in everyone. After all, it’s all star-stuff.
12. Why does the author quote Carl Sagan’s comment in Paragraph 2
A. To introduce the background. B. To prove an assumption.
C. To make a comparison. D. To present an idea.
13. Like the study of the universe, life science has been advancing in ________.
A. study approaches B. system management
C. research facilities D. technology integration
14. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that biologists’ work is ________.
A. practical B. risky C. flexible D. popular
15. As for life science, which would the author agree with
A. It has received universal recognition. B. It should enjoy priority in development.
C. It can be applied in the majority of areas. D. It is more complicated than space science.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述生命科学像宇宙一样复杂，随着生命科学工具的迅速改进，科学家们就能够更深入地研究生命的组成部分并且取得很大的成就，并且作者认为应优先发展生命科学。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space. (几十年前，天体物理学家卡尔·萨根说过一句名言：“宇宙也在身体之内。”我们是由恒星组成的。我们是宇宙认识自己的一种方式。他当时的评论是，我们的内部宇宙和外太空一样复杂、一样奇妙。)”可知他提出我们的身体像宇宙一样复杂和奇妙，这是一个想法，故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (无限小) landscape. (就像从伽利略望远镜到哈勃望远镜再到JWST的技术发展一样，生命科学工具也在迅速改进。从早期的光学显微镜到现代的超分辨率显微镜，这些发展使研究人员能够深入观察生物学的微小景观。)”可知就像对宇宙的研究一样，生命科学的研究设施也在不断发展，故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging. (生物学家还必须描述所有这些部分在不同环境和面临各种挑战时是如何相互作用和变化。能够对病毒或细菌进行成像在基础科学层面上是很好的。但了解病毒如何进入细胞并传播、感染和致残确实可以挽救生命。随着时间的推移，生物学已经上升到这个机械的挑战。生命科学工具不仅可以生成细胞成分的图像，更重要的是，它们可以帮助预测药物对受体的影响，免疫细胞对外来入侵者的影响，以及基因扰动对发育和衰老的影响。)”可推测生物学家的工作是很实用的，故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. (我的目的是庆祝这些成就，同时认识到科学对细节和洞察力的内在探索同样令人印象深刻，在我看来，更加紧迫。)”可知作者认为生命科学要优先发展，故选B。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious. ____16____ Is it right Maybe not.
Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (强化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic. ____17____
One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury. ____18____ Techno-optimism has led many to believe that if everyone just switched to driving electric vehicles, we would be making incredible steps towards sustainability. However, the reality is that the amount of resources and energy needed to produce enough electric vehicles for everyone is not even remotely sustainable.
____19____ Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars. Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.
Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints. ____20____ It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. Until we are ready to face the need for a less complex life, we cannot make true progress towards sustainability.
A. So where should we look for answers instead
B. The modern world’s simple solution is technology.
C. Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.
D. Is it a trap that many people have fallen into in recent years
E. Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.
F. Despite any technology, we as a whole are not living sustainably.
G. Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.
【答案】16. B 17. E 18. C 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出“技术乐观主义”试图用技术解决当前的气候问题，作者用电动汽车的例子来证明这种想法似乎是没用的。改变我们的社会运作方式，以及人们的生活方式才是解决问题的关键所在。
【16题详解】
根据上文“With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious.(随着气候变化的持续恶化，我们的情况开始变得越来越严重)”可知，气候问题持续恶化，人类的情况开始变得越来越严重。由此推知，人类可能会采取解决气候问题的办法。结合下文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems.(当谈到确保我们未来的解决方案时，技术乐观主义是最大的误解之一。它可以被定义为相信未来的技术将解决我们当前的所有问题)”可知，人们试图依靠技术来解决气候问题。B项“The modern world’s simple solution is technology.(现代世界的简单解决方案就是技术)”符合题意。故选B。
【17题详解】
空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (强化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic.(当谈到确保我们未来的解决方案时，技术乐观主义是最大的误解之一。它可以被定义为相信未来的技术将解决我们当前的所有问题。这个定义强化了这样一种观点，即没有理由恐慌或改变我们当前的能源密集型生活方式。社会所需要做的就是期待绿色技术发挥其魔力)”可知，上文提到了“没有理由恐慌或改变我们当前的能源密集型生活方式”这种观点，由此推知，下文应对这种观点进行评价。E项“Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.(不幸的是，这是一个极其危险的观点)”符合题意。故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury.(电动汽车就是这种乐观误解的最好例子之一。尽管电动汽车被高度认为是一种环保的出行方式，但它并不是未来交通的终点。电动汽车中的电池使用的化学元素到本世纪中叶可能会出现短缺)”可知，上文提到了电动汽车的弊端。结合本段主要谈论“乐观误解”推知，空处应继续对电动汽车的弊端进行陈述。C项“Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.(此外，它们的生产更耗能)”符合题意。故选C。
【19题详解】
空处位于段首，应为本段主旨句或引出本段内容。根据下文“Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars, Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.(投资公共交通，远离个人拥有的车辆。生产更少的汽车，改善旧电池的回收利用做法。我们寻求的解决方案不应该植根于新技术，而应该改变我们社会的运作方式)”可知，作者认为我们应该改变社会的运作方式，这才是解决气候问题的办法。A项“So where should we look for answers instead (那么，我们应该在哪里寻找答案呢？)”符合题意，引出本段内容，下文是对该问题的回答。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints.(技术乐观主义过于强调技术，而对我们现在能做的事情却不够重视。不幸的是，人们似乎喜欢技术乐观主义所描绘的画面)”和下文“It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. (重要的是要理解，当我们将这些技术视为使我们当前的生活方式环保的一种方式时，问题就开始了)”可知，人们似乎更喜欢依靠技术解决问题，当我们把技术视为当前的环保生活方式时，问题就开始了。由此可知，要解决气候问题，不能只依靠技术，关键是要从很大程度上改变我们的生活方式。G项“Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.(然而，事实是，我们需要广泛改变我们的生活方式)”符合题意。故选G。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One of the most inspiring quotes(名言) I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The____21____between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people____22____many more times than unsuccessful people.”
I deeply understood the ____23____ of the quote soon after my first book was published.
I was living in Atlanta at the time and _____24_____ my first signing sale for my new book at the phoenix and Dragon, the largest bookstore in the city. Although a nice sign was placed outside the room _____25_____ images of both me and my book, The 9 Insights of the Wealthy Soul, not a single customer entered the room. ____26____ each minute passed, I became increasingly ____27____.
At 6:25 pm, just before the store’s ____28____, I began to get myself ready to leave. At that moment, just when I couldn’t fell any ____29____, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to ______30______ my emotions and introduced myself and my book.
The couple turned the pages each other, and the husband ______31______ to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.”
Despite the impulse (冲动) to jump ______32______, and hold their hands to thank them for being my _____33_____ readers, I realized the woman was trying to say something else.
“The _____34_____ we’re buying it is that our son died two years ago,” she said. “Maybe your book will help us ______35______ it .”
At that moment, I knew if I never sold a copy of the book, my four years of _____36_____ had been meaningless.
Although I would have many more challenging years ______37______ my book became a bestseller, this couple’s story was all the _____38_____ I needed at that point to keep me _____39_____.
Thanks to them, I would realize that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way : One challenge ... one challenge ... one difficulty ... one step ... and one small ______40______ at a time.
21. A. distance B. balance C. difference D. advantage
22. A. hesitate B. fail C. complain D. survive
23. A. wisdom B. impression C. honor D. analysis
24. A. refused B. decided C. waited D. arranged
25. A. including B. decorating C. declaring D. showing
26. A. While B. With C. As D. When
27. A. curious B. calm C. angry D. anxious
28. A. disappearing B. closing C. crowded D. opening
29. A. good B. bad C. worse D. better
30. A. express B. escape C. read D. hide
31. A. replied B. reacted C. nodded D. pointed
32. A. on the ground B. in a row C. on the rise D. in the air
33. A. reliable B. first C. unusual D. final
34. A. reason B. effect C. purpose D. result
35. A. look through B. come across C. find out D. get over
36. A. writing B. advertising C. studying D. waiting
37. A. since B. until C. after D. unless
38. A. material B. information C. decision D. power
39. A. putting forward B. falling down C. moving forward D. standing by
40. A. success B. failure C. basis D. pleasure
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次为新书签售的经历，没有人购买作者的书，在作者失望时，一对夫妇购买了作者的书，这给了作者动力，让作者在写作的道路上继续前进。通过这次经历，作者想要告诉我们，成功人士是在经历了多次失败后才取得成功的。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说“成功人士和不成功人士的差别在于，成功人士比不成功人士失败的次数要多得多。”A. distance距离；B. balance平衡；C. difference差别；D. advantage优势。根据句中“successful people __2___ many more times than unsuccessful people”可知，“成功人士比不成功人士失败的次数多”是两者之间的差别。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功人士和不成功人士的差别在于，成功人士比不成功人士失败的次数要多得多。A. hesitate犹豫；B. fail失败；C. complain抱怨；D. survive幸存。根据下文“One challenge ... one challenge ... one difficulty ... one step ... and one small _____20_____at a time.”可知，作者在写作的道路上经历了挑战和困难，也经历了失败，最终取得成功。由此可知，成功人士比不成功人士失败的次数多。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的第一本书出版后不久，我就深深地理解了这句名言的智慧。A. wisdom智慧；B. impression印象；C. honor荣誉；D. analysis分析。根据下文“One challenge ... one challenge ... one difficulty ... one step ... and one small _____20_____ at a time.”可知，作者在写作的道路上经历了挑战和困难，也经历了失败，最终取得成功。由此可知，作者的亲身经历证明了这句名言的正确，作者也明白了这句名言的智慧。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时我住在亚特兰大，在该市最大的书店凤凰与龙书店安排了新书的第一次签售。A. refused拒绝；B. decided决定；C. waited等待；D. arranged安排。根据下文“a nice sign was placed outside the room”可知，书店外面放了一个有关书的展示牌。由此可知，我在书店安排了新书的第一次签售。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管房间外放了一个吸引人的牌子，上面展示了我和我的书《充实灵魂的九条卓见》的画像，但没有一个顾客进入房间。A. including包括；B. decorating装饰；C. declaring宣布；D. showing展示。根据句中“images of both me and my book”可知，我在书店做签售活动。由此可知，牌子上展示了我和我的书的画像，起到宣传作用。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的流逝，我变得越来越焦虑。A. While当……的时候；B. With具有；C. As随着；D. When当……时。分析句子可知，句子为时间状语从句，根据句中“each minute passed”可知，句中表示随着时间的流逝，我变得越来越焦虑。由此可知，应用“As”引导从句，意为“随着”。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的流逝，我变得越来越焦虑。A. curious好奇的；B. calm平静的；C. angry生气的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据上文“not a single customer entered the room”可知，没有顾客来买我的书。由此可知，我感到很焦虑。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午6点55分，就在书店关门之前，我开始准备离开。A. disappearing消失；B. closing关门，关闭；C. crowded挤满；D. opening打开。根据句中“At 6:55 pm”和“I began to get myself ready to leave”可知，下午6点55分，书店应该是要关门了，所以我开始准备离开。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在那一刻，正当我感觉不能更糟的时候，一对中年夫妇走进了房间。A. good好的；B. bad坏的；C. worse更糟的；D. better更好的。根据上文“not a single customer entered the room”可知，没有顾客来买我的书。由此可知，我感觉很糟糕，“couldn’t feel any worse”用比较级形式表示最高级含义，表示我此刻的感觉是最糟糕的。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我设法隐藏自己的情绪，介绍了自己和我的书。A. express表示；B. escape逃跑；C. read阅读；D. hide隐藏。根据句中“introduced myself and my book”可知，有顾客上门，我应该是设法隐藏自己糟糕的情绪，向他们介绍了自己和我的书。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇互相翻了几页，丈夫向妻子点头。A. replied回答；B. reacted回应；C. nodded点头；D. pointed指向。根据下文“I think we’ll get the book.”可知，这对夫妻决定买作者的书。由此可知，丈夫向妻子点头示意，同意买这本书。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管有一种在空中跳跃的冲动，握着他们的手感谢他们成为我的第一个读者，但我意识到那个女人想说些别的。A. on the ground当场；B. in a row成一行；C. on the rise在增加；D. in the air在空中。根据上文“I think we’ll get the book.”可知，这对夫妻决定买作者的书。由此可知，作者激动得想在空中跳跃。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管有一种在空中跳跃的冲动，握着他们的手感谢他们成为我的第一个读者，但我意识到那个女人想说些别的。A. reliable可信赖的；B. first第一的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. final最后的。根据上文“not a single customer entered the room”可知，之前没有顾客来买我的书。由此可知，这对夫妻是我的第一个读者。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们购买它的原因是我们的儿子两年前去世了，”她说。A. reason原因；B. effect影响；C. purpose目的；D. result结果。根据句中“Maybe your book will help us ___15__ it.”可知，这对夫妻的儿子两年前去世了，他们认为作者的书会帮助他们从儿子的去世中恢复过来，由此可知，这里介绍的是他们购买书的原因。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：也许你的书会帮助我们从儿子的去世中恢复过来。A. look through浏览；B. come across偶然遇见；C. find out找出；D. get over从……中恢复过来。根据句中“our son died two years ago”可知，这对夫妻的儿子两年前去世了，由此可知，他们认为这本书会帮助他们从儿子的去世中恢复过来。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查动名词词义辨析。句意：那一刻，我知道，如果我从未卖出过这本书，我四年的写作就毫无意义了。A. writing写作；B. advertising做广告；C. studying学习；D. waiting等待。根据上文“my first book”可知，作者是一位作家，由此可知，如果作者从未卖出过这本书，四年的写作就毫无意义了。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：尽管直到我的书成为畅销书为止，我还有很多更有挑战性的岁月，但这对夫妇的故事是我当时所需要的一切动力，让我继续前进。A. since自从；B. until直到……为止；C. after在……以后；D. unless除非。分析句子可知，句子为时间状语从句，根据句中“I would have many more challenging years”和“my book became a bestseller”可知，句中指直到我的书成为畅销书为止，我还有很多更有挑战性的岁月，应用“until”引导从句，意为“直到……为止”。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管直到我的书成为畅销书为止，我还有很多更有挑战性的岁月，但这对夫妇的故事是我当时所需要的一切动力，让我继续前进。A. material材料；B. information信息；C. decision决定；D. power动力。根据上文“if I never sold a copy of the book, my four years of ___16__ had been meaningless”可知，这对夫妇买书的举动让我的写作有了意义，也给了我继续写作的动力。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管直到我的书成为畅销书为止，我还有很多更有挑战性的岁月，但这对夫妇的故事是我当时所需要的一切动力，让我继续前进。A. putting forward提出；B. falling down跌倒；C. moving ahead前进；D. standing by支持。根据上文“if I never sold a copy of the book, my four years of _____ had been meaningless”可知，这对夫妇买书的举动让我的写作有了意义，让我能够在写作的道路上继续前进。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了他们，我意识到最伟大人生都是以同样的方式创造的：一次挑战……一次困难……一步……一次小小的成功。A. success成功；B. failure失败；C. basis基础；D. pleasure愉快。根据上文“The 1 between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people ___2__ many more times than unsuccessful people.”可知，文章想要告诉我们成功的人是在经历了更多次失败后才取得成功的。由此可知，在经历了一次挑战，一次困难后，我们会取得一次小小的成功。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the ____41____ (important) festivals in China. It is an evening celebration when families gather together ____42____ (merry) to light lanterns, eat moon cakes and appreciate the round moon. ____43____ that special night, the moon is the roundest and brightest thing in the sky. The full moon is a symbol for family reunion, ____44____ is the reason why that day is also known as the Festival of Reunion.
The Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations date back to more than 2, 000 years ago. In the Tang Dynasty, people began to enjoy ____45____ admire the full moon as a custom. In the Southern Song Dynasty, however, people sent round moon cakes to their relatives as gifts in expression of ____46____ (they) best wishes for family reunion. After it turned dark, they looked up at the fall silver moon or went sightseeing by lakes ____47____ (celebrate) the festival. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival celebration ____48____ (become) even more popular. Together with the celebration appeared some special ____49____ (custom) in different parts of the country, such as ____50____ (burn) incense (香), planting Mid-Autumn tees, lighting lanterns on towers and fire dragon dances, etc.
【答案】41. most important
42. merrily
43. On 44. which
45. and 46. their
47. to celebrate
48. has become
49. customs
50. burning
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国最重要的节日之一中秋节。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：中秋节是中国最重要的节日之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”为固定搭配，意为“最……之一”。important为形容词，意为“重要的”，其最高级是the most important。故填most important。
42题详解】
考查副词。句意：这是一个晚上的庆祝活动，家人团聚在一起快乐地点灯笼，吃月饼，欣赏圆月亮。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写副词修饰gather together，作状语。merry为形容词意为“开心的”，其副词为merrily。故填merrily。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：在那个特别的夜晚，月亮是天空中最圆最亮的东西。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写介词接宾语that special night。在具体的某一天前用介词on。故填on。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：满月是家庭团聚的象征，这就是为什么这一天也被称为团圆节的原因。设空处引导的是定语从句，先行词为上文整个句子，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：到了唐代，人们开始把赏月作为一种习俗。根据句子结构和句意可知，设空处应该填写并列连词and连接enjoy和admire。故填and。
【46题详解】
考查代词。句意：人们送圆月饼给他们的亲戚作为礼物，以表达他们对家庭团聚的良好祝愿。根据空后的best wishes，可知设空处应该填写形容词性物主代词作定语。they的形容性物主代词为their。故填their。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：天黑后，他们抬头看秋天的银色月亮，或去湖边观光，去庆祝节日。句中的looked和went为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，此处表示的目的。故使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to celebrate。
【48题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：自明清以来，庆祝中秋节的习俗变得更加流行。根据句中的Since the Ming and Qing dynasties可知，设空处应该使用现在完成时。主语为the custom是名词单数，助动词用has。故填has become。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意：与庆祝一起出现了一些特殊的习俗，在不同的地方，全国各地，如烧香，种植中秋树，在塔上点灯和跳火龙舞等。根据句子结构设空处填写名字作主语。custom意为“风俗”，为可数名词，被some修饰，用其复数形式。故填customs。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。谓语动词为appeared，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。 根据后文的planting和lighting可知，设空处应该填写动名词作宾语。故填burning。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
On Women’s Day, my father and I planned to give my mother surprise. We did something specially for her. Know that she was always unwilling to buy herself anything, we decided to buy him a perfect gift. In the shop, the shop assistant introduced a beautiful necklace, what I thought was the very thing for my mother. However, we bought it without hesitations. The moment we take out the necklace, my mother was very surprised that she could not say a word. This is my great pleasure that my mother likes the gift. I hope my mother will be happy and healthy forever.
【答案】1.在surprise前加a；
2.specially→special
3.Know→Knowing
4.him→her
5.what→which
6.However→Therefore
7.hesitations→hesitation
8.take→took
9.very→so
10.This→It
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和父亲在妇女节那天给妈妈赠送一条项链作为节日礼物，妈妈非常高兴的故事。
【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：在妇女节那天，我和父亲打算给母亲一个惊喜。根据句意，可知此处表达“一个惊喜”，用不定冠词a。故在surprise前加a。
2.考查形容词。句意：我们为她做了一些特别的事。此处修饰前面不定代词something，用形容词形式，作后置定语。故将specially改为special。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：知道她总是不愿意给自己买任何东西，我们决定给她买一件完美的礼物。分析句子结构，此处用非谓语动词。根据此处与主句主语we保持一致，构成主动关系，用现在分词形式，作状语。故将Know改为Knowing。
4.考查代词。句意：知道她总是不愿意给自己买任何东西，我们决定给她买一件完美的礼物。结合上下文语境和句意，可知此处指my mother，用代词her，作宾格。故将him改为her。
5.考查非限制性定语从句。句意： 在商店里，店员介绍了一条漂亮的项链，我认为这正是我母亲想要的。分析句子结构，此句为非限制性定语从句。先行词a beautiful necklace在从句作主语，I thought作插入语，用关系代词which引导。故将what改为which。
6.考查连接副词。句意：在商店里，店员介绍了一条漂亮的项链，我认为这正是我母亲想要的。因此，我们毫不犹豫地买下了它。根据句意，前面内容构成因果关系，用连接副词therefore（因此）。故将However改为Therefore。
7.考查名词。句意：因此，我们毫不犹豫地买下了它。without hesitation毫不犹豫，固定搭配。故将hesitations改为hesitation。
8.考查动词时态。句意：我们拿出项链的那一刻，我母亲惊讶得一句话也说不出来。根据上文语境，故事发生在过去，可知此处动词用一般过去时态。故将take改为took。
9.考查固定搭配。句意：我们拿出项链的那一刻，我母亲惊讶得一句话也说不出来。so…that…如此……以至……，固定搭配，引导状语从句。故将very改为so。
10.考查主语从句。句意：我很高兴我妈妈喜欢这份礼物。分析句子结构，此句为主语从句。应该用it作形式主语，that引导从句作真正主语。故将This改为It。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是李华。你在肯尼亚的网友Chris擅长长跑，请你用英语给他写封邮件，建议他来中国参加马拉松（marathon）比赛。内容包括：1. 写信原因 2.你的建议。
注意：1. 词数80左右，开头已经给出，不计入总词数；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris,
How are you doing in Kenya
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Chris,
How are you doing in Kenya Nowadays more and more Africans are enthusiastic about coming to China to take part in marathons held in different cities. They can not only make a large number of new friends here but also win a great deal of prize money if they have the ability to win the marathons.
I know that you spend two hours or so practicing running every day and you are especially good at long-distance running. Why don’t you come to compete in marathons held in China If so, you are likely to be a winner and take away much prize money. What do you think of my suggestion I’m looking forward to your reply!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给肯尼亚的网友Chris写封邮件，建议他来中国参加马拉松比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→participate in
大量的：a great deal of→a great amount of
擅长……：be good at→do well in
建议：suggestion→advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Nowadays more and more Africans are enthusiastic about coming to China to take part in marathons held in different cities.
拓展句：Nowadays more and more Africans are enthusiastic about coming to China to take part in marathons which are held in different cities.
【点睛】【高分句型1】They can not only make a large number of new friends here but also win a great deal of prize money if they have the ability to win the marathons.（运用了not only…but also…句型和if引导的条件状语从句）
【高分句型2】I know that you spend two hours or so practicing running every day and you are especially good at long-distance running.（运用了that引导的宾语从句作know的宾语）科尔沁左翼中旗实验高级中学
2022-2023学年上学期高二年级期中英语试卷
时间：120分钟 满分：150分
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
In the year-and-a-half since Broadway reopened, tourism and ticket sales have not returned to pre-pandemic levels. So, looking forward to spring 2023, you never know what’s going to hit or miss. Often all you can do when trying to predict what will be worth seeing is to look at who wrote the script and who’s directing and starring. Here are four Broadway and off-Broadway shows I’m keeping an eye on.
Bad Cinderella
Imperial Theatre; begins previews February 17, opens March 23
Composer Andrew Lloyd Webber brings his latest show, a contemporary retelling of the Cinderella story, to New York. Will Lord Lloyd Webber find success with this new musical
The Jungle
St. Ann’s Warehouse; begins performances February 18
This immersive production, first seen in 2018, puts the audience right inside the tents of a refugee (难民) camp in Calais, France. It tells the heart-breaking stories of refugees from the Middle East and Africa.
Fat Ham
American Airlines Theatre; begins previews March 21, opens April 12
James Ijames’ Pulitzer Prize-winning comedy was a hit on a small stage in 2022. A retelling of Hamlet, set at a Black family cookout, it deals with questions of manliness and is both funny and joyous.
Prima Facie
Golden Theatre; begins previews April 11 opens April 23
Emmy Award-winning actress Jodie Comer, who acts as a lawyer, appears in this one-person play by Suzie Miller, which was a hit in London. It will be exciting to see this actress in person.
1. Which is put on show for the first time
A. Bad Cinderella B. The Jungle C. Fat Ham D. Prima Facie
2. On which day can you enjoy a show with amusing plots
A. February18. B. March 23. C. April 12. D. April 23.
3. Where can audiences meet Jodie Comer on the spot
A. Imperial Theatre. B. St. Ann’s Warehouse.
C. American Airlines Theatre. D. Golden Theatre.
B
A good gift is one that is more valuable for the recipient than it is for the giver. But most gifts destroy value rather than create it. Think of the Christmas-tree-shaped cookie jar that cost your aunt 530 but is worth considerably less than zero to you, posing a moral conundrum (难题): Do you throw it right into the trash or wait a couple of months The economist Joel Waldfogel calls this discrepancy the “deadweight loss” of gifts, and estimates that, on average, it is from 10 percent to a third of a gift’s price.
One explanation for the deadweight loss is a mismatch between desirability and feasibility. Consider n gadget that is useful (high disability) but difficult to set up and time-consuming to use (low feasibility). Scholars have found that givers usually focus on desirability, and receivers are more aware of feasibility. Your friend who bought you a fancy wearable fitness tracker probably thought it was a really cool and helpful gift; to you, it seems like a massive headache to figure out, requires an app download and a monthly fee, and offers data that will either make you feel terrible about yourself or turn into a life-ruining obsession. That’s why it is still sitting in your drawer in its original package.
Another happiness-killing mismatch can occur between the receiver’s initial reaction and their long-term satisfaction. As Anna Goldfarb noted in The Atlantic a few weeks ago, givers tend to look for “reaction-maximizing gifts” (such as the wife’s over-the-top response to the car) as opposed to “satisfaction-maximizing gifts.” Once the giver is not present to see the receiver’s reaction, the receiver might not actually be that excited about socks with her best friend’s face on them.
Someone looking for a big reaction might be tempted to buy a wildly expensive gift, which poses its own emotional problems. In the worst cases, they may even be trying to exert dominance over you, or manipulate you into doing them a favor later. Either way, receiving a gift that’s too nice might make you feel guilty. According to one 2019 survey from CompareCards, 46 percent of respondents felt guilty for being unable to give a gift worth as much as the one they received.
In truth, the biggest benefit to most gift giving is to the giver herself. Generosity is truly a way to buy happiness. As my colleague Michael Norton and his co-authors showed in the journal Science in 2008, although spending money on oneself is weakly related to happiness, spending money on others significantly rises the giver’s well-being. Neuroscientists have shown that charitable giving to others engages the reward system, inducing pleasure in one of the same ways that alcohol and certain drugs do. (Maybe this is the real reason Santa is so jolly.)
4. What does “deadweight loss” of gifts in para.1 refer to
A. The value the gift creates rather than destroys.
B. The money the giver spends on a meaningful gift
C. The good-will and thoughtfulness of the gift giver.
D. The loss of the gift value in the eyes of the receiver.
5. How would the receiver describe the ‘fancy wearable fitness tracker’ as a gift
A. Fashionable and practical. B. Unfriendly and upsetting.
C. Desirable and satisfactory. D. Expensive and unworthy.
6. What makes the receiver not excited about socks printed with her best friend’s face
A. That the giver is not present to see the receiver’s reaction.
B. That the receiver was expecting something wildly expensive.
C. Thot the giver is confused about what gift brings satisfaction.
D. That the receiver was expecting something he/she truly wants.
7. Which of the following best describes the main idea of this article
A. It is in giving that givers receive.
B. Gift-giving is in most cases a win-win situation.
C. The greatest gift you can give is your time and attention.
D. Presents are generally terrible, but they can still bring you joy.
C
The world has faced a food crisis of unprecedented(前所未有的) proportions in 2022—the largest in modern history, as conflict, the COVID-19 pandemic, climate crisis and rising costs have combined to pose great risks for hungry people across the world. As many as 828 million people go to bed hungry every night. The number of those facing acute food insecurity has risen from 135 million to 345 million since 2019. A total of 49 million people in 49 countries are suffering hunger, according to figures from the United Nations’ World Food Programme.
“We are facing an unprecedented global food crisis and all signs suggest we have not yet seen the worst. For the last three years, hunger numbers have repeatedly hit new peaks,” WFP Executive Director David Beasley said. He warned that things can and will get worse unless there is a large-scale and coordinated(协调一致的) effort to address the causes of this crisis.
There are many reasons for prevailing high levels of food insecurity. These reasons include conflicts, climate changes and weather extremes, economic slowdowns and downturns. In addition, these drivers often do not act alone. For instance, conflicts are often accompanied by economic downturns, which affect livelihoods and the ability of people to earn resources, leading to increasing poverty levels and higher prevalence(流行) of food insecurity.
Unfortunately, the main reasons for high levels of food insecurity have not improved this year. People in the Horn of Africa are facing a fifth consecutive(连续的) failed rain season in parts of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia, which will constrain their production, and is likely to push many people deeper into food insecurity.
Moreover, there is uncertainty about the weather. And climatic shock affecting any major producer or exporter will introduce additional uncertainty into production and consequently prices, which in turn impact the ability to purchase food, particularly of the most vulnerable people.
8. How does the author lead in the topic
A. By making a comparison. B. By sharing personal experience.
C. By giving opinions with evidence. D. By listing facts and accurate figures.
9. What can we know from David Beasley’s words
A. This global food crisis won’t last longer.
B It’s certain that the global food crisis will get worse.
C. We need to work together to deal with the global food crisis.
D. There will be another new peak of hunger numbers in three years.
10. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Characters. B. Operators. C. Factors. D. Activities.
11. What is the best title for the passage
A. The Issue of Food Safety B. The Unprecedented Food Crisis
C. Conflicts Causing Food Shortage D. Efforts Put into the Study of Food Insecurity
D
Arguably, the biggest science development of the year to date has been the images of the very depths of the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Those images beg a comparison between the external and internal universes that science is bent on observing and understanding.
Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space.
There are many similarities between the progress we’ve made in understanding the universe and in piecing together life’s inner workings. Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. Learning that living things were composed of cells was, not a terribly long time ago, a revolutionary observation. Since then, scientists have been able to dive ever deeper into the components of life.
Going beyond merely observing the complicated makeup of organisms, life scientists can now discover the workings of molecules (分子). And that is where scanning the universe differs from peering into biology. Understanding the universe, especially from a functional standpoint, is not necessarily an immediate urgency. Understanding biology on that level is. Simply observing the amazing internal structure of cells is not enough. Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging.
This is not to belittle the work of scientists researching into universe. They should rightly be praised for delivering views of impossibly distant, impossibly massive phenomena. My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. The output of both the outward and inward explorations should stimulate wonder in everyone. After all, it’s all star-stuff.
12. Why does the author quote Carl Sagan’s comment in Paragraph 2
A. To introduce the background. B. To prove an assumption.
C. To make a comparison. D. To present an idea.
13. Like the study of the universe, life science has been advancing in ________.
A. study approaches B. system management
C. research facilities D. technology integration
14. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that biologists’ work is ________.
A. practical B. risky C. flexible D. popular
15. As for life science which would the author agree with
A. It has received universal recognition. B. It should enjoy priority in development.
C. It can be applied in the majority of areas. D. It is more complicated than space science.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious. ____16____ Is it right Maybe not.
Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (强化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic. ____17____
One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury. ____18____ Techno-optimism has led many to believe that if everyone just switched to driving electric vehicles, we would be making incredible steps towards sustainability. However, the reality is that the amount of resources and energy needed to produce enough electric vehicles for everyone is not even remotely sustainable.
____19____ Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars. Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.
Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints. ____20____ It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. Until we are ready to face the need for a less complex life, we cannot make true progress towards sustainability.
A. So where should we look for answers instead
B. The modern world’s simple solution is technology.
C. Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.
D. Is it a trap that many people have fallen into in recent years
E. Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.
F. Despite any technology, we as a whole are not living sustainably.
G. Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One of the most inspiring quotes(名言) I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The____21____between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people____22____many more times than unsuccessful people.”
I deeply understood the ____23____ of the quote soon after my first book was published.
I was living in Atlanta at the time and _____24_____ my first signing sale for my new book at the phoenix and Dragon, the largest bookstore in the city. Although a nice sign was placed outside the room _____25_____ images of both me and my book, The 9 Insights of the Wealthy Soul, not a single customer entered the room. ____26____ each minute passed, I became increasingly ____27____.
At 6:25 pm, just before the store’s ____28____, I began to get myself ready to leave. At that moment, just when I couldn’t fell any ____29____, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to ______30______ my emotions and introduced myself and my book.
The couple turned the pages each other, and the husband ______31______ to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.”
Despite the impulse (冲动) to jump ______32______, and hold their hands to thank them for being my _____33_____ readers, I realized the woman was trying to say something else.
“The _____34_____ we’re buying it is that our son died two years ago,” she said. “Maybe your book will help us ______35______ it .”
At that moment, I knew if I never sold a copy of the book, my four years of _____36_____ had been meaningless.
Although I would have many more challenging years ______37______ my book became a bestseller, this couple’s story was all the _____38_____ I needed at that point to keep me _____39_____.
Thanks to them, I would realize that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way : One challenge ... one challenge ... one difficulty ... one step ... and one small ______40______ at a time.
21. A. distance B. balance C. difference D. advantage
22 A. hesitate B. fail C. complain D. survive
23. A. wisdom B. impression C. honor D. analysis
24. A. refused B. decided C. waited D. arranged
25. A. including B. decorating C. declaring D. showing
26. A. While B. With C. As D. When
27. A. curious B. calm C. angry D. anxious
28. A. disappearing B. closing C. crowded D. opening
29. A. good B. bad C. worse D. better
30. A. express B. escape C. read D. hide
31 A. replied B. reacted C. nodded D. pointed
32. A. on the ground B. in a row C. on the rise D. in the air
33. A. reliable B. first C. unusual D. final
34. A. reason B. effect C. purpose D. result
35. A. look through B. come across C. find out D. get over
36. A. writing B. advertising C. studying D. waiting
37. A. since B. until C. after D. unless
38. A. material B. information C. decision D. power
39. A. putting forward B. falling down C. moving forward D. standing by
40. A. success B. failure C. basis D. pleasure
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the ____41____ (important) festivals in China. It is an evening celebration when families gather together ____42____ (merry) to light lanterns, eat moon cakes and appreciate the round moon. ____43____ that special night, the moon is the roundest and brightest thing in the sky. The full moon is a symbol for family reunion, ____44____ is the reason why that day is also known as the Festival of Reunion.
The Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations date back to more than 2, 000 years ago. In the Tang Dynasty, people began to enjoy ____45____ admire the full moon as a custom. In the Southern Song Dynasty, however, people sent round moon cakes to their relatives as gifts in expression of ____46____ (they) best wishes for family reunion. After it turned dark, they looked up at the fall silver moon or went sightseeing by lakes ____47____ (celebrate) the festival. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival celebration ____48____ (become) even more popular. Together with the celebration appeared some special ____49____ (custom) in different parts of the country, such as ____50____ (burn) incense (香), planting Mid-Autumn tees, lighting lanterns on towers and fire dragon dances, etc.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
On Women’s Day, my father and I planned to give my mother surprise. We did something specially for her. Know that she was always unwilling to buy herself anything, we decided to buy him a perfect gift. In the shop, the shop assistant introduced a beautiful necklace, what I thought was the very thing for my mother. However, we bought it without hesitations. The moment we take out the necklace, my mother was very surprised that she could not say a word. This is my great pleasure that my mother likes the gift. I hope my mother will be happy and healthy forever.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是李华。你在肯尼亚的网友Chris擅长长跑，请你用英语给他写封邮件，建议他来中国参加马拉松（marathon）比赛。内容包括：1. 写信原因 2.你的建议。
注意：1. 词数80左右，开头已经给出，不计入总词数；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris,
How are you doing in Kenya
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Yours,
Li Hua

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