2023～2024学年（上）高三期初质量监测
英 语
注意事项 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求：
1. 本试卷共10页，包含听力（共30分）、阅读（共50分）、语言运用（共30分）、写作（共40分）四部分。本次考试满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。
2. 答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、考试号等用黑色0.5毫米签字笔填写在答题卡上。
3. 作答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效，作答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What did the man do last night?
A. He made a cake. B. He planned a party. C. He cleaned the kitchen.
2. What is the weather like now?
A. Wet. B. Cold. C. Hot.
3. What will the woman order?
A. Fruit pudding. B. Apple pie. C. Chocolate cake.
4. What is the woman抯 problem?
A. Her shirt is worn wrong. B. Her button is broken. C. Her shirt is old.
5. What might the woman be?
A. A lawyer. B. A politician. C. A journalist.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How does the woman feel about football?
A. She doesn’t like it. B. She likes to watch it. C. She would rather play it.
7. What will the woman do tonight?
A. Work overtime. B. Go ice skating C. Have her friends over.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The travel to space. B. The view from space C. The beauty of outer space.
9. Who probably took the pictures?
A. Robots. B. Astronauts. C. NASA researchers.
10. What was recently discovered by the U.S.?
A. An old hole. B. The age of the Earth. C. A huge falling stone.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the woman probably think about her visit?
A. It is tiring. B. is wonderful. C. h is unimpressive.
12. What is the man抯 role today?
A. An interviewer. B. A guide. C. A chef.
13. Which cuisine does the woman probably eat for lunch today?
A. Brazilian food. B. Indian food. C. Thai food.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. How does the woman feel?
A. Cautious. B. Happy. C. Angry.
15. How long has the man had the knife?
A. For three weeks. B. For two weeks. C. For one week.
16. Where are the speakers?
A. In the bedroom. B. h the kitchen. C. in the living room.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What time is the report probably being given?
A. AM 1:00. B. At 2:00. C. At 3:00.
18. What is expected to happen tomorrow?
A. An awards ceremony. B. A new weather pattern. C. A traffic jam.
19. What is new in the downtown area?
A. A street. B. A bridge. C. A building.
20. Where is a wonderful place to view the race?
A. Willow Street. B. Green Street. C. Angel Avenue.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
There are thousands of incredible trails that allow us to get up close to nature and here are 4 of the best hiking trails in the world.
Pennine Way, the United Kingdom
Stretching 268 miles from the Derbyshire Peak District to the Scottish Borders, the Pennine Way is the United Kingdom抯 most famous long-distance path. The entire walk takes around three weeks, passing over wild east of Manchester and through the picturesque Yorkshire Dales, before crossing the ancient border of Hadrian抯 Wall and moving on toward Scotland.
Camino de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Rather than following a single path, the Camino, also known as the Way of St James, is actually a series of different pilgrimage (朝圣) routes. The most popular modem route follows a line across northern Spain from the French Pyrenees. While some choose to stay at monasteries (修道院) along the way, plenty of operators offer hotel stays and luggage transfers.
Appalachian Trail, the United States
Extending for 2,200 miles, the Appalachian Trail is billed as the longest hiking-only footpath in the world. It runs from Springer Mountain in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine, passing through some of the most remote places in the United States. Those keen on comfort can use companies like Go Shenandoah, which offers pre-booked accommodation and packed lunches.
The Basho Wayfarer, Japan
This self-guided trip follows a route taken by the poet Matsuo Basho over 300 years ago. The six-day hike starts in Sendai and works its way through the northern Toboku region, passing through the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hiraizumi and along the ancient Dewa Kaido path, with its wonderful forests, before heading into the mountains of Natagiri-toge and finishing at the temple of Yamadera.
21. Which hiking trail will allow hikers to see the old wall?
A. Pennine Way. B. Appalachian Trail.
C. The Basho Wayfarer. D. Camino de Santiago de Compostela.
22. What do Camino de Santiago de Compostela and Appalachian Trail have in common?
A. They have more than one popular route.
B. They have beautiful scenery along the way.
C. Hikers on the two trails can get the desired help.
D. Hikers on the two trails may get across two countries.
23. What can a hiker do if he chooses The Basho Wayfarer?
A. Stay at a monastery. B. Visit famous ancient sites.
C. Find a guide to accompany him. D. Pre-book accommodation and lunches.
B
I抦 52, and as surprising as it may seem. I抦 a gymnast. In a sport for young girls, I have found an unlikely path to joy. When I enter the gym, no matter how much stress I might be feeling, my mind clears and I forget my life. I think of nothing but what I am doing.
When I was 9, I went every Saturday to a gymnastic academy. The coach had gray hair and wore ballet shoes and had boundless enthusiasm. He would say, 揧ou are going to be a gymnast. And I believed him. I vividly remember the first time I did a roundoff back handspring by myself, the weightlessness of it. I lived for Saturday mornings. I only ever did gymnastics recreationally桰 didn抰 even know real gyms existed梑ut I always loved it.
That long dormant (蛰伏的) love came roaring back in my forties. It happened in an instant, at parents’ day for my daughter’s beginning gymnastics class. The bars were just sitting there, and I had this overwhelming urge to grab hold and swing. But I couldn’t make it through the warmup (热身运动) at the first adult class I went. I felt bad during conditioning. I was the oldest person there. But that spark of memory glowed with possibility. I went back to class again, and again. It was hard and it was humbling. But soon I was doing back handsprings like I used to.
There is nothing like the thrill of getting a new skill, that combination of speed, mechanics, timing, muscles, guts. There is an ineffable (不可言喻的) element, too, something like faith. By the time we reach middle age, most of us have had to deal with our fair share of unwelcome surprises, like illness, family crisis or the death of a beloved parent. But gymnastics has brought the most delightful surprises-I keep getting better, surpassing what I thought were limits, amazing myself by what I can do. At a time in life when many things feel like they are sliding down the slope towards old, gymnastics is a gift of fluency and competence in motion. I抦 in the best shape of my life. I抦 a better gymnast now than I was at 16.
24. What inspired the author to love gymnastics when she was young?
A. Her Saturday routine. B. The coach抯 enthusiasm.
C. Her wish to be a gymnast. D. Pleasure from gymnastics.
25. What made the author go back to gymnastic classes in her forties?
A. Her duty as a responsible parent.
B. The desire to fit in with her daughter.
C. The strong urge to play with the bars.
D. Her sweet memory of doing gymnastics.
26. Which of the following can describe the author抯 personality?
A. Faithful and easygoing. B. Humble and competent.
C. Passionate and persistent. D. Ambitious and considerate.
27. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. The dream of a fitness woman B. A middle-aged person抯 pursuit.
C. The story of a successful gymnast. D. A sport-lover抯 unusual experience.
C
Top figure skaters spin at such unbelievably fast speeds梐s many as six revolutions per second梩hat it can make even audiences feel a little dizzy. Although they occasionally fall down upon landing, figure skaters mostly spin through the air without losing their balance. That’s because they have conditioned their bodies and brains to stop that dizzying feeling.
Kathleen Cullen, a professor at Johns Hopkins University, studies the vestibular (前庭的) system, which is responsible for our sense of balance and motion, and says spinning without falling from dizziness is an art perfected over time. At the start of their careers, skaters and other athletes feel dizzy when they spin around. But ultimately, they train their brains to better interpret that feeling.
揝omething really fundamental happens in the brain of people like dancers or skaters over lots of practice. And that抯 basically a change in the way the brain is processing information, Cullen says. 揥hen you spin around, you抮e activating the semicircular canals (半规管). They’re filled with liquid and they’re sensing your circular movement. But when you stop, the liquid has inertia and it tends to continue to move. They get a false sensation of movement. Over years of training, figure skaters’ brains have adapted and learned to ignore this error.
Athletes also learn ways to reduce their dizziness. For example, focusing on a fixed reference or motionless object minimizes dizziness and loss of balance. 揃allet dancers often move their heads around during each turn to fixate on a visual reference. Similarly, at the end of the spin, athletes will focus on a specific spot on the wall to provide a fixed reference, Cullen says.
揟he brain and the inner ear are in constant communication with the body and one another to achieve balance, says Brigid Dwyer, an assistant professor of neurology at Boston University School of Medicine. 揊or most people, however, dizziness is only a potential issue during faster and more forceful activities, Dwyer says. 揂mazingly, when needed, our brains can be well adapted to the dizzying tasks we encounter.
28. Why do figure skaters hardly feel dizzy after spinning in the air?
A. They can maintain the balance well.
B. They are in good physical condition.
C. They have trained long periods for that.
D. They are gifted at controlling their brain
29. What does the underlined word 搃nertia in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. The force to make an object move faster.
B. The force to get an object to start moving.
C. The nature to change an object抯 original state.
D. The nature to remain an object抯 original state.
30. What does Paragraph 3 focus on?
A. Scientific analyses. B. Helpful perception.
C. Practical examples. D. Amazing outcome.
31. What does Brigid Dwyer seem to tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Dizziness exists in many dynamic activities.
B. The brain can communicate with inner ears.
C. Communication is vital to keeping balance.
D. The brain can be used to dizziness over time.
D
揋oing wireless is the future for just about everything! That is a quote from scientist Sreekanth Chalasani, and we can抰 help but agree. Realizing this, a team of scientists has made a breakthrough toward wirelessly controlling human cells using sound, in a technique called 搒onogenetics (声遗传学).” This concept may seem strange but let us explain.
Basically, the term “sonogenetics” means using ultrasound (超声波) to change the behavior of cells in a non-invasive manner. “We already know that ultrasound is safe, and that it can go through bone, muscle and other tissues, making it the ultimate tool for controlling cells deep in the body, says Chalasani.
Low-frequency ultrasound waves can target a particular protein that is sensitive to the signal. This research, published in Nature Communications, focused on TRPA1. When this protein is stimulated through the ultrasound waves, it also stimulates the cells which carry it. What type of cell is being stimulated depends on the outcome. For example, a muscle cell may contract with stimulation, or a neuron (神经元) in the brain will fire. In this experiment, scientists genetically marked cells with an increased concentration of TRPA1, making them the key targets of the ultrasound waves.
Currently, treating conditions like Parkinson’s disease requires scientists to implant electrodes (电极) in the brain which stimulate certain disordered cells. Researchers hope that sonogenetics can one day replace these invasive treatments.
In the future, the team wants to adjust the placement and amount of TRPAI around the body using the gene treatment. Gene delivery techniques have already been shown to be successful in humans, such as in treating blindness. Therefore, it抯 just a case of adjusting this theory to a different sound-based setting.
揋ene delivery techniques already exist for getting a new gene梥uch as TRPA1梚nto the human heart, Chalasani says. 揑f we can then use an external ultrasound device to activate those cells, that could really change pacemakers. There is still a while to go before this treatment can become a reality. The future for sonogenetics, though, looks bright.
32. What抯 working principle for sonogenetics?
A. Using medicine interventional therapies.
B. Changing cells shape with new equipment.
C. Controlling cells in a non-invasive manner.
D. Using a kind of unique medical composition.
33. What did the scientists do in the experiment?
A. Change the concentration of the protein.
B. Find target cells for treatment precisely.
C. Analyze the protein sensitive to the sign.
D. Choose the type of cell to be stimulated.
34. What can we learn about sonogenetics from Paragraphs 4 and 5?
A. It can be applied to other fields besides medicine.
B. It may replace some traditional medical therapies.
C. It will totally transform gene delivery techniques.
D. It has succeeded in curing diseases like blindness.
35. What抯 the best title for the text?
A. Can cells be controlled by sound?
B. How is sonogenetics clinically used?
C. Are gene delivery techniques available?
D. What are applications of sonogenetics?
第二节（共5小题；每小题25分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
With a tough economy, it’s difficult to meet our employees’ expectation of salary increases. 36 Well, here are some important factors that help employees improve their work efficiency, in addition to money.
Recognizing a person抯 strong contribution is important, which can take many forms. Examples include taking someone to lunch and letting them know how much you value their performance. You publicly recognize someone抯 performance with details of what they did. 37 These should be done at annual events in the presence of their peers.
Another one is motivational climate. Take a look around at the work environment and do whatever you can to make it a more pleasant place. There are many ways to upgrade a working environment, which will be appreciated by employees working there long hours a day. 38 Make it clear that you抮e doing this 搃n recognition of your strong contributions until the business improves.
You can invite them to a party to simply celebrate their good work. Do some team-building exercises that are fun and motivating. Bounce some ideas off them of how to achieve your business goals. 39
40 To achieve this, keep your door open. Show your care about them. Take an interest in their families, their hobbies, and their development. Open up to them and listen more. Of course it takes time and effort to build good relationships with people. But it抯 worth the investment.
A. Certificates of honor can even be presented.
B. How can we motivate them to keep dynamic?
C. What can we do to have them stay on the job?
D. Trustworthy people are far more likely to cooperate.
E. What can also inspire employees is trust and understanding.
F. Conduct group brainstorms about ways to increase sales figures.
G. If you aren’t sure what to do, ask your employees what they’d like.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分。满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A, B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My grandmother is the woman who plays a significant role in my life. It抯 particularly 41 because this is the first year of my life that she hasn抰 been with us, but she continues to 42 me in so many ways.
She was a(n) 43 grandmother. She was the 44 of our family. She grew up in an era when women were not expected to have 45 , but having left school in her teens due to poverty, she worked day and night to 46 a business with my grandfather, managing to save enough money to send my father to a good school.
She was famous for her 47 , so everyone loved her cakes. She always got involved in social life and 48 , spending 50 years of her life working for their local village committee. She 49 good memories, saying how she would keep them in her mind and get them out whenever she wanted the pleasure of recalling the past. She wouldn抰 focus on 50 , though, saying that it 揹oesn抰 do good to look back too much.
We live in a time when women are 51 to have it all. My grandmother, born in the 1920s, had it all before it was fashionable. The 52 , however, was that she never made it about her. She 53 her life to other people and kept positive because of it.
She 54 me to seek the good, not pay much attention to the bad and take an interest in something 55 . Thank you, Granny.
41. A. sad B. free C. special D. easy
42. A. remind B. hurt C. influence D. shock
43. A. delicate B. advanced C. humble D. devoted
44. A. servant B. center C. origin D. volunteer
45. A. morals B. education C. careers D. wealth
46. A. establish B. approach C. reserve D. control
47. A. taste B. design C. cooking D. training
48. A. backed down B. helped out C. broke down D. stood out
49. A. treasured B. erased C. generated D. upgraded
50. A. relationship B. hardship C. leadership D. friendship
51. A. scheduled B. forced C. chosen D. expected
52. A. difference B. feature C. possibility D. process
53. A. addicted B. compared C. exposed D. contributed
54. A. bothered B. threatened C. shaped D. promised
55. A. profitable B. positive C. strange D. romantic
第二节（共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese archaeologists have unearthed a big bronze beast. It’s one of the most highly 56 (anticipate) treasures of the Sanxingdui Ruins. The bronze was discovered in July last year, but archaeologists successfully lifted it out of the pit a year later, 57 they were sorting out all other bronze objects piled on the top of the statue.
The bronze animal is the 58 (big) ever found in decades of digging at the Sanxingdui Ruins. It weighs around 150kg and has a large mouth, small waist, huge ears and four feet. A small human statue 59 (attach) to the creature抯 head and appears 60 (ride) or controlling the animal. According to Zhao Hao, a Peking University archaeologist in charge of the pit that contained 61 object, all other bronze animals uncovered at the site in the 1980s measured around 20 to 30cm 揃ut this one is very large in size, with height and width both 62 (measure) about one metre. It抯 the only one at the whole site, Zhao said.
The bronze beast can be seen as a cultural relic nonexistent before not just in China, 63 in the world. UNESCO sent 64 (congratulate) on the amazing new discovery through a video. Meanwhile, governors of Sichuan Province are preparing an application 65 (include) Sanxingdui Ruins on the World Cultural Heritage List.
第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，你班同学打算本周六下午在絮琅湖畔举办野餐活动。请你给外教Ella写封邮件，邀请地一起参加并共赏繁琅湖夜景。内容包括：
1. 具体安排：
2. 活动内容：
3. 期待回复。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ella,
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Julia spent most days doing the cleaning in a commercial building with a fancy supermarket, a gym, a spa (温泉疗养中心), and a few fast food places. . It was fairly populated, and people often showed kindness to her.
She often bought loaves of old-day bread in the supermarket and the employees there were familiar with her. During her break time, she liked to observe people, especially families. Julia often saw a lady in the building. Usually the lady went to the gym first and then headed to the spa. Later, she抎 come out dressed like a manager. One day, the woman took her kid with her. The little boy was no more than eight years old and didn抰 look happy to be there with his mom.
揓immy, come on. I have to go to the gym now and hurry to get to work on time later, the mother said in a rush.
The boy protested with a sad voice, 揥hat am I going to do while you抮e working out? 揓ust sit still and read your book in the waiting area, the mother replied.
揅an you at least buy me some candy? You promised earlier, the boy complained. 揑 don抰 have time right now. Please hurry inside, the mother answered.
Then the mother took the son抯 hand and rushed into the gym. Julia witnessed this all and was reminded of her own similar busy life in the past. She was once also a young busy woman. Her personal and work-related matters always came first in her life. She failed to spare enough time for her son and attach enough importance to his wishes. When she realized her problems, it was too late. Her son lost his life in an accident, leaving her with deep sadness and regret. To make matters worse, her company went bankrupt (破产) soon after.
Reflecting on her past life, Julia had a thought. Though she was not wealthy, she wanted to do something nice for the boy: buy him a bar of chocolate.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then Julia went inside the supermarket.
Smiling. Julia presented the chocolate bar to the boy.

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