Unit4 Developing ideas and Presenting ideas 能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
（2020天津重点学校高三3月联考）
When you want to throw something out as “junk”，better take a second thought as it may be of great value. In fact，scientists made the same mistake with DNA years ago，and now they are trying to get it right.
We often say that DNA is a kind of acid that contains our genes. But the truth is that genes only make up 1 to 2 percent of our DNA，which caused scientists to believe that the rest of it is useless Nevertheless，instead of doing nothing，junk DNA turned out to be playing an important part in our body. If genes are like light bulbs，then junk DNA acts as switches.
They control which genes are used in a cell and how active they are. For example，they can determine whether a cell becomes a lung cell or a neuron（神经元）.
The study，published in the journal Nature on September 5，started in 2003，and 442 scientists from30 labs around the world were involved. according to Reuters. It is considered the biggest breakthrough in genomics（基因组学）in a decade because it might help scientists find the cause of certain diseases.
It has long been known that many complicated disease, such as ca re caused by tiny changes DNA. But now scientists realize that most of the changes occur not in the genes themselves, but in the “junk” part of the DNA. They are able to keep track of how and why the switches change and then figure out new treatments and drugs.
“Our former understanding of DNA was like getting a picture of Earth from space,” Eric Lander from the broad Institute. us. told The New York Times. “You know the planet is there but you cannot see exactly what it's like on the surface.”
“But now with the new study result you can follow the roads and see the traffic circulation. That’s exactly the same way we will use this data in cancer research.” explained Mark Rubin from Weill Cornell Medical College in New York.
1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. DNA-The Cause of Cancer
B. What Is DNA
C. A New Discovery for “Junk DNA”
D. A Misunderstanding of Genes
2. What does the underlined phrase “get it right” in the first paragraph refer to
A. Discovering new types of DNA.
B. Recognizing the importance of junk DNA.
C. Understanding the role genes play in DNA.
D. Telling useful DNA from useless one.
3. Which of the following statements might Mark Rubin agree with
A. The finding of our genes is enough to fight against cancer.
B. The battle against cancer will be won within two years.
C. The finding of junk DNA throws light on how we might cure cancer.
D. The new treatments and drugs will change junk DNA quickly.
Ⅱ.七选五
（2020辽宁丹东高二上期末）
Eyesight is the sense that you rely upon the most Since we live in a world that requires your eyes to routinely stare at the small type and images on cell phones computer screens, and televisions, it is important for you to improve and protect your eyesight. 1
Eyes are just like any other part of the body. 2 Similar to other organs，a diet high in fruits and vegetables and low in sugar and fatty foods will go a long way in maintaining healthy eyes.
3 Plan to exercise your eyes when you wake up，before going to bed，or when your eyes are tired. Make sure your hands are clean so that you do not hurt our eyes and your mind is relaxed before starting.
Since you use your eyes at every waking moment，give them lots of rest and relaxation by taking breaks throughout the day and getting enough sleep every night to fully rest，repair，and recover your vision. 4 In the short term，it can cause eye strain（眼疲劳）.In the long term，it can lead to damage to the optic nerve（视神经），which can cause pain and damage your vision.
Besides，most jobs nowadays involve some degree of computer usage，meaning almost everyone will be spending time in front of a computer. 5 To avoid this，you'll have to properly try to limit your screen time by routinely taking breaks and exercising your eyes.
A. They need nutrition to function well.
B. Close your eyes when exercising your eyes.
C. A lack of sleep will weaken your vision health.
D. You can enjoy your vision for the rest of your life.
E. Unfortunately, this can result in eye strain or injury.
F. There are many ways to keep your eyesight healthy and sharp.
G. Exercising your eyes daily will help you maintain healthy eyes.
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2019山东淄博高二下期末）
When I was a boy I dreamed of my future. I was going to be a cowboy. Then I dreamed of being a firefighter and 1 people from burning buildings. I Just couldn’t 2 to grow up and be an adult. After I went to college and those dreams 3 .I thought I would be a scientist then I switched to being a teacher. When I 4 and had children.my dreams of the future changed again now it wasn’t a 5 career that I dreamed of but a time when I could be settled and 6 .
That dream. of course didn’t 7 . In fact none of those dreams ever came to life. It took me many years as well to 8 that living in a dreamy future was living in a 9 and that each moment I spent there was taking a moment away from the 10 NOW. I saw that there could be no perfect problem-free future because problems are part of 11 .
It is only in the Now that we can truly live. Our dreams for the future are just that: 12 . Whether they come true or not isn’t as 13 as how we live each day here. A hug shared today can never be 14 . An act of kindness not given now is lost forever. A moment of love missed can never be 15 again. Each second of the Now is precious and priceless. Don't waste any one of them.
1. A. liberating B. carrying C. rescuing D. supporting
2. A. wait B. stop C. stay D. rest
3.A. remained B. matched C. broke D. changed
4.A. retired B. married C. succeeded D. divorced
5.A. certain B. firm C. promising D. professional
6.A. silent B. gentle C. secure D. uncertain
7.A. lose B. happen C. produce D. destroy
8.A. recognize B. appreciate C. conclude D. realize
9. A. hope B. fantasy C. fable D. sight
10.A. precious B. favorite C. common D. popular
11.A. activities B. movement C. life D. business
12.A. realities B. dreams C. purposes D. treasure
13.A. famous B. serious C. impressive D. important
14.A. replaced B. followed C. recovered D. reviewed
15.A. picked up B. broken up C. made up D. put up
参考答案：
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了垃圾DNA其实有很大的价值，在我们的身体中扮演着重要的角色。
1.C主旨大意题。本文介绍了垃圾DNA其实在我们的身体中扮演着重要的角色，这是医学上一个新的发现，因此最好的题目为C项。
2.B推理判断题。画线处所在句是说多年前科学家关于DNA也犯了同样的错误，但是现在正在纠正。由第二段中的 genes only make up I to 2 percent of our DNA，which caused scientists to believe that the rest of it is useless及第三段内容可知科学家犯的错误是低估了垃圾DNA的作用，现在正在纠正这个错误，也就是在重新确认垃圾DNA的重要性。B项符合题意，故答案为B。
3.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Mark Rubin解释的内容That's exactly the same way we will use this data in cancer research可知，通过垃圾DNA找出的数据将运用到癌症的研究中，故答案为C。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。视力在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色，所以改善和保护自己的视力是很重要的。文章介绍了可以保持你的视力健康和敏钪的方法。
1.F 根据本空前 it is important for you to improve and protect your eyesight以及下文介绍的保护视力健康和敏锐的方法可推断，F项 There are many ways to keep your eyesight healthy and sharp符合语境故选F。
2.A 根据本空后一句 Similar to other organs，a diet high in fruits and vegetables and low in sugar and fatty foods will go a long way in maintaining healthy eyes.推断，此处讲述眼睛需要营养，A项 They need nutrition to function well..符合语境，故选A。
3.G 根据本空后一句 Plan to exercise your eyes when you wake up，before going to bed，or when your eyes are tired.可知，此处讲述要锻炼你的眼睛，G项 Exercising your eyes daily will help you maintain healthy eyes.符合语境，故选G。
4.C 根据本空前主要讲需要足够的睡眠及本空后主要讲缺乏睡眠会导致的视力问题可推断，C项 A lack of sleep will weaken your vision health符合语境，故选C。
5.E 根据本空前一句 Besides，most jobs nowadays involve some degree of computer usage，meaning almost everyone will be spending time in front of a computer..可知，E项Unfortunately，this can result in eye strain or injury.符合语境，this指代上文提到的使用计算机，故选E。
Ⅲ.完形填空
语篇解读：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者小时候有很多梦想，并且随着年龄增长，梦想也发生着变化。作者很多年后才意识到当下的生活才最重要，不能浪费当下宝贵的分一秒。
1.C考查动词辨析。句意：然后我梦想变成消防员，从着火的大楼里营救人们。liberate解放；carry运送；rescue营救；support支持。根据常识，消防员是灭火救人的。故选C。
2.A考查动词辨析。句意：我迫不及待地长大变成成年人wat等待；stop停止；stay停留；rest休息。couldn't wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事，是一个固定搭配，故选A。
3.D考查动词辨析。句意：进入大学后，那些梦想改变了。remain保持；match相配；break打破；change改变。设空处与下文的“changed again”呼应。故选D。
4.B考查动词辨析。句意：在我结婚有了孩子后，我对未来的梦想又变了。retire退休；marry结婚；succeed成功；divorce离婚。故选B。
5.A考查形容词辨析。句意：现在它不是我梦想的某种职业了，而是我能安定下来，感觉安全的时光。certain某种；firm坚定的，牢固的；promising有希望的；professional专业的，职业的。我们可以看到作者之前的梦想是某种职业，现在的梦想是一段美好时光。故选A。
6.C考查形容词辨析。句意同上。silent沉默的；gentle温和的；secure安全的，稳妥的；uncertain不确定的。故选C。
7.B考查动词辨析。句意：当然，那个梦想没有发生。lose浪费，遗失；happen发生；produce生产；destroy毁坏。设空处与下句呼应，故选B。
8.D考查动词辨析。句意：我也花了很多年才意识到生活在梦想的未来就是生活在幻想之中，我幻想的每一个瞬间就是从宝贵的现在夺走一瞬间。recognize认出；appreciate欣赏感激；conclude推断出，断定；realize意识到。故选D。
9.B考查名词辨析。句意同上。hope希望；fantasy幻想；fable寓言；sight景象。由于下文讲的是要珍惜现在，不要活在梦想之中，所以这里说梦想其实就是幻想，不真实的。故选B。
10.A考查形容词辨析。句意同上。precious宝贵的；favorite最喜爱的；common共同的，普通的；popular流行的。设空处与下文中的 Each second of the Now is precious呼应，故选A。
11.C考查名词辨析。句意：我认为没有完美无忧的未来，因为问题就是生活的一部分。activity活动；movement运动，活动；life生活，生命；business商业。故选C。
12.B考查名词辨析。句意：我们对未来的梦想仅仅是梦想。reality现实；dream梦想；purpose目的；treasure宝物。这里强调梦想就是梦想，不是现实生活。故选B。
13.D考查形容词辨析。句意：无论它们实现与否都不如当下我们如何过好每一天重要。famous著名的；serious严肃的；impressive给人印象深刻的；Important重要的。设空处与下文的 precious呼应。故选D。
14.A考查动词辨析。句意：今天分享的拥抱决不会被取代。replace取代，替换；follow跟着；recover恢复；review复习。今天过去就不会回来，所以说今天分享的拥抱不会被取代。故选A。
15.C考查动词短语辨析。句意：错过的一刻的爱决不会再次补上。pick up捡起；break up破碎，分解；make up补上；put up张贴。故选C。
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