同步课堂专练
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section B Using language (重点练)
一、阅读理解
Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. We go fishing, sit in the garden, have a picnic, live in the suburbs or go to the seaside. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. When joggers jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of them tend to go to the park or the river.
But despite this, our children are growing up nature deprived. I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
ADHD is one of the great problems of modem childhood. One study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health and our happiness.
（1）According to the author, people enjoy to seek nature.
A.running in the gym
B.jogging on the street
C.shopping in the supermarket
D.sitting in the garden
（2）From the second paragraph, we can see that .
A.climbing trees will certainly do good to the children
B.children probably spend less time in nature nowadays
C.adults deprive the children of their rights to approach nature
D.children tend to be happier as a result of their material satisfaction
（3）In what way do people benefit from their contact with nature
A.Children with ADHD can be cured.
B.Children's performance at school is greatly improved.
C.A garden nearby improves the quality of old people's life.
D.Problems with crime and violent behavior will easily be solved.
（4）What is the main idea of this passage
A.Getting close to nature improves our life.
B.Nature can treat the children with ADHD
C.Playing in nature reduces aggressive behaviour.
D.Human beings can not live without natural areas.
二 七选五
任务型阅读
Natural sites and historic buildings, when left alone, can slowly be in bad condition. ________ For these reasons we must protect them.
“World Heritage" is the title given to places chosen from natural sites and buildings around the world. These places are considered special, valuable and require protection. They may be places of nature or cultural heritages that are the pride of the people in the country________ Each is a treasure of our planet that must be protected for us and our future generations.
Even extremely beautiful natural environments can be in bad condition if they are left alone ________ For instance, the Galapagos Islands are now protected by rules that stop people from bringing or removing plants and animals to or from the islands, moving rocks and touching the animals. In the US, people are not allowed to visit Grand Canyon National Park by vehicle. It aims to protect the park's environment from the gas produced by cars________ Australia is making stricter laws to prevent agricultural chemicals from flowing into the ocean near the Great Barrier Reef. Efforts are also being made to protect Natural Heritage sites in Japan. In Shiretoko, only a small number of people are allowed to walk on its nature path at the same time________
A. They may also be home to endangered species（物种）．
B. Today there are 183 Natural Heritage sites around the world.
C. People can change these places too, just as the wind and rain can.
D. Natural Heritage is valued for geographical characteristics and beautiful scenery.
E. That's why measures are being taken around the world to protect them.
F. It can reduce the risk of people accidentally stepping on valuable plants.
G. There are even security guards there who can arrest people that break the rules.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I love natural science, which came from my ________ (curious) in nature. From an early age, I caught frogs and insects in the nearby woods, I explored the cool streams running ________ the woods and searched for fish ________(live) in the water.
As I grew up, my interests developed around subjects in school, particularly in biology, chemistry and physics. These interests ________(increase) with more time spent in the deserts and forests of Arizona, ________ we moved when I was in my teens. The desert was not entirely new to me, since I ________(visit) relatives in Phoenix several times before moving there. However, exploring the desert on my own was new. I checked under every rock and bush looking for signs of life, I found many incredible animals. Once I happened to discover ________(poison) snakes under a rock. I was very scary. However, I ________ (eventual) grew to be cautious of them and now snakes are my favorite study subject.
I am now ________ ecologist. I have done research in deserts, forests, streams and lakes. ________(find) new species still excites me, I am glad to have a strong interest in the natural world. My hobby makes me what I am now.
参考答案
一【答案】 （1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界，但是，现在的人们远离自然，这会有很多的坏处，作者尤其说明了接触自然较少对儿童的不良影响，是导致多动症的产生的原因。一项又一项的研究表明，与大自然接触对多动症儿童大有益处。如果经常亲近自然，则会对人们的身心都产生益处。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段“Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. We go fishing, sit in the garden, have a picnic, live in the suburbs or go to the seaside. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. When joggers jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of them tend to go to the park or the river.”我们大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界。我们去钓鱼，坐在花园里，野餐，住在郊区或去海边。在英国最受欢迎的休闲活动是散步。当慢跑者慢跑时，他们不会在街上跑。他们每个人都倾向于去公园或河边。可知，人们喜欢坐在花园里寻找自然。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段“But despite this, our children are growing up nature deprived. I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.”尽管如此，我们的孩子还是在大自然的剥夺中长大。我的童年是爬树度过的。如今，孩子们被剥夺了这些古老的自由，由于诸如犯罪、交通、开放空间的丧失以及关于什么对孩子最好的奇怪的新想法，也就是说，能买到的东西，而不是能找到的东西。可知，现在的孩子可能在大自然中的时间比较少了。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.”当老年人接近自然时，他们的生活要明显好一些。越来越多的老年人关注的是年数的质量而不是数量。一项又一项的研究发现，花园是找到这种品质的最重要的因素。当人们与自然世界接触时，犯罪和攻击性行为的问题也会减少。可推知选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health and our happiness.”我们需要野外世界。它对我们的幸福、健康和幸福至关重要。结合文章主要讲述了我们大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界，但是现在的人们远离自然，这会有很多的坏处，尤其说明了接触自然较少对儿童的不良影响是导致多动症的产生的原因。一项又一项的研究表明，与大自然接触对多动症儿童大有益处。如果经常亲近自然则会对人们的身心都产生益处。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是接近自然可以改善我们的生活。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
二【答案】 C；A；E；G；F
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了我们一定要保护自然遗址和历史建筑，否则的话，它们的状况就会变得很糟糕。
(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Natural sites and historic buildings,when left alone,can slowly be in bad condition.”自然遗址和历史建筑，当没人管的时候，可能会慢慢地处于糟糕的状态。再根据空后“For these reasons we must protect them.”出于这些原因，我们必须保护他们。可知，人们也可以改变这些地方。故选C。
(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上空前“ They may be places of nature or cultural heritages that are the pride of the people in the country”他们可能是自然或文化遗产的地方，是这个国家人民的骄傲。它们也可能是濒危物种的家园。A项中的may also be和文中的may be places相呼应，故选A。
(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Even extremely beautiful natural environments can be in bad condition if they are left alone”甚至是非常美丽的自然环境，如果它们不被理会，也会处于糟糕的的状态。这就是为什么全世界都在采取措施保护他们。故选E。
(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“It aims to protect the park's environment from the gas produced by cars”它的目标是保护公园的环境不受汽车产生的气体的影响。可知，G. There are even security guards there who can arrest people that break the rules.“那里甚至还有保安人员，他们可以逮捕违反规则的人”。与之相匹配。故选G。
(5)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“only a small number of people are allowed to walk on its nature path at the same time”只有一小部分人可以被允许同时走在它的自然的小路上。可知，这样就可以减少人们不小心踩到有价值的植物的风险。前后是一种因果关系，人越少自然就越不容易踩到植物。故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
三【答案】 curiosity；through；living；were increased；where；had visited；poisonous；eventually；an；Finding
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了从小到现在我探索大自然奥秘的经历。
（1）句意：我热爱自然科学，这源于我对大自然的好奇心。my为形容词性物主代词，后接名词作宾语。故填curiosity。
（2）句意：从很小的时候起，我就在附近的树林里捉青蛙和昆虫，探索穿过树林的清凉溪流，寻找生活在水里的鱼。run through固定短语，“穿过，流经”。故填through。
（3）句意：从很小的时候起，我就在附近的树林里捉青蛙和昆虫，探索穿过树林的清凉溪流，寻找生活在水里的鱼。谓语动词为explored，空出应为非谓语动词作定语，live与逻辑主语fish间为主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填living。
（4）句意：在我十几岁的时候，我们搬到了亚利桑那州的沙漠和森林，在那里待的时间越长，这些兴趣就越浓厚。根据上下文可知用一般过去时且主语these interests为复数名词, 主语与increase间为动宾关系。故填were increased。
（5）句意：在我十几岁的时候，我们搬到了亚利桑那州的沙漠和森林，在那里待的时间越长，这些兴趣就越浓厚。分析句子种类和句子结构, 空格处所在句属于非限制性定语从句，先行词为Arizona, 且定语从句缺状语，故填where。
（6）句意：这个沙漠对我来说并不陌生，因为在我搬到凤凰城之前，我已经拜访过几次那里的亲戚了。根据上文was和since可知，该句应用过去完成时。故填had visited。
（7）句意：有一次我碰巧发现岩石下面有毒蛇。snakes为名词，应用形容词修饰作定语。故填poisonous。
（8）句意：然而，我最终对它们变得谨慎起来，现在蛇是我最喜欢的研究课题。grew为动词，应用副词修饰作状语。故填eventually。
（9）句意：我现在是 一名生态学家。根据句意可知，此处表示泛指概念，ecologist为元音字母开头。故填an。
（10）句意：发现新物种仍然让我兴奋，我很高兴对自然界有浓厚的兴趣。我的爱好造就了我现在的样子。分析句子可知，该句已有谓语am，空出为非谓语动词，find与逻辑主语 I 为主谓关系，应用动名词作主语位于句首，句首大写。故填Finding。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及名词，介词，非谓语动词，时态语态，定语从句，时态，形容词，副词，冠词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
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