Unit1 Starting out and understanding ideas 基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Picking out (家庭的) food and hazardous waste prevents the spread of disease.
2.The students put the books on the library desk, and the (图书馆管理员) checked them in.
3.They are emotionally (成熟的) and should behave responsibly.
4.The two women used some blankets to cover the injured, while others were waiting for the a to arrive.
5.Payne lost his driving l a year ago for DUI.
6.Go to the store with the m amount of money, which will not even help you buy a drink.
Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空
for instance; contribute to; worry about;behind the wheel; step into; take responsibility for
1.I'm too busy enjoying my life now to the future!
2.I believe that each of us can the future of the world.
3.There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving; , training lions.
4.The moment you the world of facts, you came into the world of limits.
5.It can result in poor performance at work and longer reaction time .
6.The word proactivity means that as a human being you your own life.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.Being the world's first astronaut, Gagarin (instant) became an international celebrity.
2.The small house is not (suit) for such a large family.
3.The company's (commit) to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.
4.By doing well at school, he hoped to win his parents' (approve).
5.A lot of people make the (assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.
6.It is hard to tell who will win the next (elect).
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.当你感觉你不再掌控自己的生活时,懒惰就开始了。
Laziness sets in when you no longer feel your own life.
2.那个年轻人为了给新老板留下好印象而努力表现自己。
That young man tries to project himself in order to the new boss.
3.美国人比我们更加意识到技术在教育中的重要性。
Americans of technology in education than we are.
4.这样做让你就如何完成工作发表意见。
Doing so allows you to on how work gets accomplished.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Many teenagers can't wait to be 18, because that means they will have the right 1 (vote), that they will have more 2 (free) with money and that they will have a new chapter in their lives. But in fact, 3 (turn)18 is not just the door of their childhood closing. There will be more than what they think of. Just 4 Bethany says, she should take responsibility for her life and the 5 (life) of other people. Meanwhile, according to Lin Ning, as an adult, he should begin to feel more aware 6 other people and to develop a 7 (strong) sense of social responsibility. However, for Morgan, becoming more independent 8 (be) one of his longings. But the reality is quite different. He has to live with his parents for a while longer, because he finds 9 hard to save any money. He could get 10 bank loan to pay the deposit on his own apartment, but he doesn't feel ready to make that kind of commitment, and he likes his mother's cooking.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Josh Morrison, 17, dreamed of raising $100,000 to build a home for a low-income family. After years of hard work, his dream has come true. The house is now in the early stages of building.
Six years ago, Josh and his dad went into the Habitat for Humanity ReStore, a home improvement store and donation center run by the nonprofit organization. They were there to buy a sink. Josh, then 11, also noticed a collection of pennies. “I instantly felt the urge to help out with that,” he said. Josh set a fund-raising deadline of four years. Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100,000, but it didn't shake his faith. He devoted his time to raising money at his school and other nearby schools. He collected money from neighbours, got publicity from local newspapers, and placed cans in stores so that people could donate extra change.
Josh's fund-raising efforts began to produce results. Still, there were challenges. Four months before his deadline, he was $30,000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge, which is in the province of Ontario. The event raised $19,000.
“I didn't care how long it took me,”said Josh. “I would raise $100,000.”With three weeks left, a company called Josh's house offered to donate $18,000. Eventually, Josh reached a total of $134,000 before the deadline.“The momentum just kept going, and we decided to do more,”he said.“Josh's Penny House”is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa, along with 24 new town houses. Josh has helped with some of the construction, as have other volunteers. He will choose the family that moves into the unit.
Next year, the 17-year-old kid will head to college in British Columbia, Canada's westernmost province. As an 11-year-old kid when starting fund-raising, Josh was able to send a powerful message across the world. No matter how old you are, if you have a dream and are willing to do anything to achieve it, it can come true.
1.Which word can best describe Josh Morrison in Paragraph 2
A.Cautious. B.Straightforward.
C.Open-minded. D.Determined.
2.Why did Josh hold the Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event
A.To attain his goal.
B.To call for more attention.
C.To win approval from the locals.
D.To find sponsors for a family.
3.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean
A.He received continuous donations.
B.His project became more popular.
C.He got more support from his family.
D.The result was beyond expectations.
4.What can be the best title for the text
A.Kindness from a Company
B.The Penny House Dream
C.A Fund-raising Campaign
D.A Boy with a Warm Heart
B
Don't get mad next time you catch your teenager texting when he commits himself to studying. He simply may not be able to resist. A study of the University of Iowa (UI) found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behavior. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long-term payoff of studying.
“For the teenager, the rewards are seductive for them to be addicted to texting,” says Professor Jatin Vaidya, an author of the study. “They draw adolescents. Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them. Even when a kind of behavior is no longer in a teenager's best interest to continue, they will, because the effect of the rewards is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.”
For parents, that means limiting distractions so that teenagers can make better choices. Take the homework and social media dilemma: At 9 p.m., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facebook or Twitter, as the researchers advise. “I'm not saying they shouldn't be allowed access to technology,” says Vaidya. “But some help in resetting their concentration is necessary for them so that they can develop those impulse-control skills.”
In their study, Vaidya and co-author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are not mature, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed. But the UI researchers wondered whether something more fundamental was going on with adolescents to cause behavior independent of higher-level reasoning.
“We wanted to try to understand the brain's reward system and how it changes from childhood to adulthood,” says Vaidya, who adds that the reward character in the human brain is easier than decision-making. “We've been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescent behavior than an under-developed frontal lobe,” he adds. For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 to 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 to 35 to participate.
In the future, researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological(神经学上的) aspects of their results.
5.What does the passage mainly tell us
A.Always, rewards are attractive to teenagers.
B.Always, adolescents can resist rewards.
C.Resistance can be controlled well by adolescents.
D.Getting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study.
6.What does the underlined word “seductive” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Necessary. B.Attractive.
C.Useful. D.Important.
7.Which statement agrees with Vaidya's idea
A.The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.
B.Parents should help children in making decisions.
C.Children should have access to the Internet.
D.Children need help in refocusing their attention.
8.What result does the teenager's brain underdevelopment lead to
A.Doing things after some thought.
B.Making good decisions.
C.Joining in dangerous actions.
D.Escaping risky behavior.
Ⅱ.七选五
In the most basic sense, self-regulation(自我调节)involves controlling one's behavior and thoughts in pursuit(追求)of long-term goals. Generally, people who are good at self-regulation tend to see the good in others and view challenges as opportunities. They exactly know what they want to achieve, act in accordance with their views, and devote their best effort. 1
2 A bad-tempered child who hits others won't be popular at school. An adult with poor self-regulation skills may lack self-confidence. He may have difficulty handling stress, and often, this might be expressed in terms of anger and anxiety.
How do problems with self-regulation develop It could start early when a baby isn't treated with enough care. 3 Later, an adult may struggle with self-regulation, either because this ability wasn't developed during childhood, or because of a lack of skill in managing difficult feelings. When left unchecked, over time this could lead to risky behavior such as taking drugs.
4 One of the most frequently used methods is to change your thought patterns, which means that you think about a situation in a positive way, rather than one that's likely to increase negative emotions. 5 Rather than thinking that this reflects something about yourself such as “My friend hates me”, you might instead think, “My friend must be really busy”.
A.Try to cheer yourself up after disappointment.
B.Do the usual series of things at a particular time.
C.A child who doesn't feel safe may have trouble self-regulating.
D.A lack of self-regulation will cause problems in life.
E.Anyhow, self-regulation is so important that we should learn to use this skill.
F.For example, imagine a friend who doesn't return your calls or texts for several days.
G.Also they can calm themselves when feeling upset and cheer themselves when feeling down.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案全解全析
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.household 2.librarian 3.mature 4.ambulance 5.licence
6.minimum
Ⅱ.1.worry about 2.contribute to 3.for instance 4.stepped into
5.behind the wheel 6.take responsibility for
Ⅲ.1.instantly 考查词性转换。句意:加加林是世界上第一位宇航员,因此他立刻成了国际名人。此处应用副词修饰动词became,故填instantly。
2.suitable 考查词性转换。句意:这座小房子不适合这样的大家庭。be suitable for为固定搭配,故填形容词suitable。
3.commitment 考查词性转换。句意:这家公司以合理的价格提供优质的货物的承诺对它的成功至关重要。所有格后面跟名词形式,故填commitment。
4.approval 考查词性转换。句意:通过在学校的良好表现,他希望得到父母的认可。所有格后面跟名词形式,故填approval。
5.assumption 考查词性转换。句意:很多人假设贫穷只存在于第三世界。make the assumption做出假设。故填名词assumption。
6.election 考查词性转换。句意:难以判断谁将会赢得下次选举。形容词next修饰名词,故填election。
Ⅳ.1.in charge of 2.make a good impression on 3.are more aware of the importance 4.have a say
Ⅴ.1.to vote 考查非谓语动词。have the right to do sth.有做某事的权利,故填to vote。
2.freedom 考查词性转换。此处作have的宾语,应用名词,故填freedom。
3.turning 考查动名词。分析句子结构可知设空处作主语,应用动名词,故填turning。
4.as 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 4 Bethany says为定语从句,空格处引导定语从句,表示“正如,正像”,故填as。
5.lives 考查名词的数。根据other people可知此处应用life的复数形式,故填lives。
6.of 考查介词。feel/be aware of为固定搭配,表示“意识到”,故填of。
7.stronger 考查比较级。根据前面的more aware以及并列连词and和语境可知,此处也应用比较级形式,故填stronger。
8.is 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空格处为谓语,主语为动名词短语,且此处表示一种事实,应用一般现在时,故填is。
9.it 考查代词。此处应用it作形式宾语,后边的不定式短语to save any money是真正的宾语。故填it。
10.a 考查冠词。loan在此处表示“贷款”,是可数名词,其前应用冠词;此处表泛指,应用不定冠词,bank以辅音音素开头,故填a。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了17岁的Josh Morrison梦想筹集100,000美元,为低收入家庭建造家园,经过他多年的努力,梦想终于实现了。
1.D 推理判断题。文章第二段讲述了六年前,Josh提出四年的筹资期限,许多人怀疑他是否能达到100,000美元的目标,但这并没有动摇他的信念,他开始到处筹资。由此可以看出Josh是信心坚定的,不可动摇的,因此用determined(坚定的)最恰当。故选D。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Four months before his deadline, he was $30,000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge, which is in the province of Ontario. The event raised $19,000.可知,在最后期限的前4个月,他仍缺少30,000美元,于是他决定在Uxbridge举办Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner。目的是实现他的目标,即筹集100,000美元。故选A。
3.A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的Eventually, Josh reached a total of $134,000 before the deadline. “The momentum just kept going, and we decided to do more,” he said. “Josh's Penny House” is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa, along with 24 new town houses.可知Josh的筹资梦想实现了,并且他决定要做更多,由此可推测画线部分表示“他收到持续的捐款”。故选A。
4.B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的Josh Morrison,17,dreamed of raising $ 100,000 to build a home for a low-income family. After years of hard work, his dream has come true.可知文章主要讲述了17岁的Josh Morrison梦想筹集100,000美元,为低收入家庭建造家园,他的梦想最终实现。B选项符合文章主题,而且有新意,故选B。
原句 No matter how old you are, if you have a dream and are willing to do anything to achieve it, it can come true.
分析 该句为主从复合句,其中主句为it can come true; No matter how old you are为让步状语从句;if you have a dream and are willing to do anything to achieve it为条件状语从句。
句意 不管你多大了,如果你有一个梦想,并愿意做任何事情来实现它,你的梦想就可以实现。
【高频词汇】 1.donation n.捐赠 2.challenge n. & v.挑战
3.volunteer n.志愿者 v.自愿
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章解释了青少年难以抵抗诱惑的原因。
5.A 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知,全文围绕的都是“奖励对青少年是有吸引力的”这个话题,并且运用了相关的研究结果来阐述青少年会这样的原因——他们的大脑额叶还没有发育完全。A项意为“奖励始终吸引着青少年。”,符合文意。故选A。
6.B 词义猜测题。画线单词所在的句子为Jatin Vaidya所说的话。由这句话后的They draw adolescents. Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them.可知,这些奖励对青少年是很有吸引力的。画线单词与下句中的draw相呼应。necessary必要的;attractive有吸引力的;useful有用的;important重要的。故选B。
7.D 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的But some help in resetting their concentration is necessary for them so that they can develop those impulse-control skills.可知,Vaidya认为在重新集中注意力方面,孩子们需要一些帮助。故选D。
8.C 细节理解题。由文章第四段中的...teenagers are not mature, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes (额叶) of their brains are not fully developed.可知,青少年大脑发育得不充分会导致他们参加危险的活动。故选C。
原句 In their study, Vaidya and co-author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are not mature, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed.
分析 该句为主从复合句。researchers generally believe teenagers are not mature, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed为宾语从句,作note的宾语;teenagers are not mature, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed也是宾语从句,作believe的宾语,其中because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed为原因状语从句。
句意 在他们的研究中,Vaidya与合著者Shaun Vecera指出,研究人员普遍认为青少年不成熟、作出不恰当的决定并卷入危险的行为是因为他们的大脑额叶没有发育完全。
【高频词汇】 1.sensitive adj.敏感的 2.motivation n.动力
3.concentration n.专心;专注
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我调节在人的成长中的重要性,自我调节可以帮助我们缓解压力,缺乏自我调节能力则会导致各种各样的问题,所以我们必须要学会自我调节。
1.G 上文They exactly know what they want to achieve, act in accordance with their views, and devote their best effort.说的是会自我调节的好处,分析选项可知G项也是在说会自我调节的好处,与上文是递进关系,联系更紧密,符合语境。故选G。
2.D 根据下文A bad-tempered child who hits others won't be popular at school. An adult with poor self-regulation skills may lack self-confidence.可知,下文讲的是如果缺乏自我调节能力,就会产生不好的影响,所以此处说的也是不好的影响。D项更好地总结了此段内容,符合语境。故选D。
3.C 根据下文 Later, an adult may struggle with self-regulation, either because this ability wasn't developed during childhood, or because of a lack of skill in managing difficult feelings.可知,下文主要讲述的是成年人的情况,所以此处讲的是孩子的情况。故C项符合语境。故选C。
4.E 根据下文One of the most frequently used methods is to change your thought patterns, which means that you think about a situation in a positive way, rather than one that's likely to increase negative emotions.可知,下文讲述的是自我调节的方法。E项说我们应该学会使用这项技能,与下文讲述自我调节的方法连接自然,符合语境。故选E。
5.F 根据下文Rather than thinking that this reflects something about yourself such as “My friend hates me”, you might instead think,“My friend must be really busy”.可知,当好几天都没有收到朋友的来电或短信时,不要想朋友讨厌自己,而应该想朋友一定很忙。此处是在举例,列举了有关朋友的例子,F项符合语境。故选F。
原句 Later, an adult may struggle with self-regulation, either because this ability wasn't developed during childhood, or because of a lack of skill in managing difficult feelings.
分析 本句为主从复合句。该句中either...or...连接两个原因状语。because this ability wasn't developed during childhood为原因状语从句。
句意 其后,一个成年人可能会很难进行自我调节,要么是因为这种能力没有在童年时期培养出来,要么是因为缺乏处理困难情绪的技能。
【高频词汇】 1.opportunity n.机会 2.situation n.情况,情景 3.positive adj.积极的 4.negative adj.消极的
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