2023年高考英语复习 基础巩固与综合训练（一）
第一部分 语法与句型基础（共两节）
一、单句语法填空
1. I don't think what he said is directly relevant ____________the topic we are discussing.
2.He is sure to come; I have persuaded him ____________（join) our reading club.
3.The King commanded that the new roads ____________（build) to link castles across the land.
4. If trees continue to be cut down at the present rate, it won't be long_________ there are no trees for shade.
5.You'd better not phone our manager from three to four this afternoon; he ____________（prepare) for a meeting then.
6.In the ___________（absent) of clear goals, we are stuck in daily routine until we become slaves of it.
7.Some people always take seriously the ___________（predict) of the end of the world in the near future.
8. It's high time that we placed great emphasis ___________ the improvement of food safety.
9.WeChat is a great way to keep ___________touch with other people and quickly broadcast information about where you are and what you are doing.
10. ___________ （oppose) to developing the nature reserve, the local people prevented the construction workers from entering their villages.
11. The watch is so beautiful and it happens to be 50 per cent off, so I can't resist ___________（buy)it.
12.China will safeguard energy security by resource protection, ___________（advocate) green lifestyles and consumer culture.
13.We are confident that the environment ___________（improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
14. Explorers who work on scientific research ___________（stand) at the Arctic Pole this time tomorrow.
15. Many companies make ___________a rule to send birthday e-cards to their customers.
16.These resources are not ____________（vision) or accessible to any other virtual website and, therefore, cannot be shared among virtual websites.
17. Young couples will be happy to see their babies blessed____________ good health and intelligence when they are born.
18.Kathy picked____________ a lot of Chinese when she was working in Beijing during the summer vacation.
19. After they settled down, they immediately set out ____________（work) on their research.
20.The two passengers occupying seats were reported to have been banned ____________taking trains for 180 days.
二、语法句型
1. 最使我们感到惊奇的是他竟然通过了所有的考试。(what引导的名词性从句)
is that he has passed all the exams.
2. 乘客们处于危险之中,非常需要紧急救援,而且越快越好。(aid)
The passengers are in danger. and the sooner the better.
3. 安妮没有通过这次考试,那是因为她此前病了两个星期。(because引导的表语从句)
Anne failed the exam. she had been ill for two weeks.
4. 他在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖的消息让他父母很高兴。(同位语从句)
The news in the English speaking competition made his parents happy.
5. 抱怨我们的社会环境是没有用的。为什么不努力使它变得更好呢 (it is+名词+doing)
about our social environment. Why not make an effort to make it better
6. 由于吸引了不同年龄的观众,这部电影被看作是这一年中最好的电影。(分词作状语)
audiences of all ages, the film was seen as the best one of the year.
7. 如果时间允许,我希望能参观当地的博物馆。(独立主格结构)
, I hope to pay a visit to the local museum.
8. 我突然想起前几天我碰到过这个数学问题。(occur的相关句型)
that I had met this mathematical problem several days ago.
9. 这位老人建议大家在紧急情况下保持冷静。(同位语从句+虚拟语气)
The old man gave his suggestion in the dangerous situation.
10. 我突然想到他们极大地冤枉了她。(hit)
they had done great wrong to her.
11. 这位年轻的音乐家既有才华又勤奋, 他一定会成功的。(bound)
The young musician is both hardworking and talented, he 。
12. 多亏了袁博士的杂交水稻研究,农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。(as…as…)
Thanks to Dr Yuan's research on the hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests .
13. 这个周末我们没什么作业,所以我们已经决定去湖边野餐了。 (so…that…)
We have by the lake.
14. 研究表明,如果长期坐在电脑前,人更可能患有背部疾病。(likely)
Studies show that people if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
直到离开家时他才开始知道家庭对他是多么重要。(begin)
Not until he left his home how important the family was for him.
第二部分 词汇综合运用（共两节）
一、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was born legally blind.Of all the stories of my early childhood，the one about a__1__is my mother's favorite.
I was only two when the__2__occurred.We had just arrived home from a trip.Mom lifted me out of the car and__3__to speak to the driver.I took advantage of my brief__4__to dash across the lawn (草坪)—and hit a large maple tree！I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside.Mom__5__me to start crying，but I just sat there for a minute.Then I__6__myself up and kept right on going.
Mom loves to use this story as an__7__．It reminds her that children don't enter life__8__to take risks or unwilling to__9__again when they fall down.She never wanted me to lose that toughness as I grew older.When I__10__my major life decisions，I was still that little girl tearing full speed across the lawn.I studied abroad and later moved away from my parents' home to look for a__11__．Through years of __12__，I have become a respected teacher in a school serving high need students.
We are almost certain to get__13__at some point during the process of achieving our goal.When that happens，don't sit in the grass and__14__．Just get up and keep on going.It will all be worth it__15__．
( )1．A.trip B．race C．tree D．driver
( )2．A.incident B．change C．illness D．problem
( )3．A.feared B．refused C．forgot D．turned
( )4．A.delay B．absence C．freedom D．rest
( )5．A.promised B．encouraged C．allowed D．expected
( )6．A.woke B．picked C．warmed D．gave
( )7．A.answer B．example C．excuse D．order
( )8．A.afraid B．ashamed C．able D．anxious
( )9．A.ask B．share C．learn D．try
( )10．A.regretted B．reviewed C．made D．explained
( )11．A.job B．friend C．fortune D．house
( )12．A.memories B．efforts C．research D．experience
( )13．A.mixed up B．fed up C．knocked down D．settled down
( )14．A.play B．relax C．dream D．cry
( )15．A.all at once B．in the end C．in either case D．as a result
二、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
After a year which resulted in over 1.7 million 1、__________（dead）and multiple lockdowns, many people are welcoming the news that COVID-19 vaccines are starting to 2、______(give) to the public. Widespread vaccination may mean that life can return to pre-pandemic normality, 3、________this scenario depends on people's 4、________(will) to get the jab. Some people are concerned about the safety of vaccines in general, whilst others are suspicious of the novelty and rapid turn-around time of COVID vaccines in particular. We asked 14 experts in immunology, biostatistics and vaccinology 5、_________the COVID-19 vaccines are safe.
Which COVID-19 vaccines 6、________(approve) and what does that mean Vaccines, along 7.__________all other medications, are not allowed to be used until a country 'approves' them. This approval process is carried out in each country or group of countries by 8、___________independent agency. In the USA this is done by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration), in the UK by the MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) and in the European Union the EMA (European Medicines Agency). In order for anything to be approved by these agencies, it 9、_________(have) to show that it is 1) safe and 2) does what it is meant to do. There are numerous COVID-19 vaccines 10、__________(current) undergoing research and development.
第三部分 阅读理解能力（共两节）
第一节 七选五阅读
Chinese culture values family bonds very much.Family members don't just gather during the holidays.In fact they often live under one roof all year round.__1__Families in the East and West are very different from each other.
In most East Asian cultures，extended families are common. __2__According to the Atlantic，90 percent of children in Shanghai and 70 percent of children in Beijing were cared for by their grandparents. Chinese people believe that “a grandparent is a treasure to their family”.
In many Western countries，most families are nuclear families (小家庭)．These are solely made up of children and their parents.
Additionally，the duties parents have toward their children can also differ__3__
It's normal for parents to pay for their children's college，help them find a job，or buy them an apartment.Chinese adults also follow their parents' opinions when making major life decisions，more often than not.
In most Western countries，however，kids usually move out of the house after they turn 18.
__4__Also，if they choose to keep living with their parents after becoming an adult，it can be seen by some as a failure on their part.
While the East cares more about close family bonds，the West values privacy and independence.__5__Families will always be a source of love，warmth，and care for people around the world.
A．These families have three or even four generations living together.
B．Nuclear families are the most common type in China.
C．In China，many parents look after their children all the way into adulthood.
D．Different cultures have different family values.
E．But in the end，home is best—east or west.
F．Many young people going to college often need to take out loans and work part time jobs in order to pay for tuition and rent.
G．Both Easterners and Westerners value quality family time.
阅读理解（科普类）
第（一）篇
A strong coffee after a poor night's sleep is the kick-start many people need in the morning but new research suggests that it might be best to have a bite to eat first. A study has found that drinking coffee first can have a negative effect on blood sugar control - a risk factor for diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease.
"We know that nearly half of us will wake in the morning and, before doing anything else, drink coffee—subjectively the more tired we feel, the stronger the coffee," said Professor James Betts, at the University of Bath in the UK. For their study, researchers at the University of Bath got 29 healthy men and women to take part in three different overnight experiments, with at least a week between them.
In one, the participants had a normal night's sleep, roughly from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m., and were asked to consume a sugary drink on waking in the morning. They then experienced an interrupted night's sleep, where the researchers woke them every hour for five minutes by sending them text messages to which they had to respond—and upon waking were given the same sugary drink.On another night, participants experienced the same sleep interruption, but this time were first given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the sugary drink.
They found that one night of interrupted sleep did not worsen the participants' blood sugar and insulin(胰岛素) responses when compared to the normal night's sleep—although previous research suggested that losing many hours of sleep or many nights of poor sleep could have a negative effect. However, strong black coffee consumed before breakfast actually increased the blood sugar response by around 50%—suggesting that relying on coffee after a bad night to stop feeling sleepy could limit your body's ability to tolerate the sugar in your breakfast.
1.What does the underlined word “kick-start" in paragraph 1 refer to （ ）
A.A kind of sport.
B.A kind of power.
C.A kind of medicine.
D.A kind of belief.
2.What was unchanged in the three experiments （ ）
A.The duration of sleep.
B.The blood sugar response.
C.The sugary drink.
D.The intake of coffee.
3.What increased the participants' blood sugar response most before breakfast （ ）
A.A normal sugary drink.
B.A normal night's sleep.
C.An interrupted night's sleep.
D.A cup of strong black coffee.
4.How did researchers draw the conclusion （ ）
A.By comparing the results.
B.By listing some examples.
C.By surveying the participants.
D.By referring to some documents.
第（二）篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect."
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signalling :"Climb on me." The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother's, back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species(物种) out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains."
1.What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter ( )
A.Memorizing specific words.
B.Understanding complex information.
C.Using voices to communicate.
D.Communicating messages on purpose.
2.What did Dr Shultz think of the study ( )
A.It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B.It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
3.What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean ( )
A.Difference. B.Conflict. C.Balance. D.Connection.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text ( )
A.Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B.Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C.Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D.Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
参考答案：
第一部分 语法与句型基础（共两节）
一、单句语法填空
1.to 2.to join 3.be built 4.before 5.will be preparing 6.absence 7.prediction 8.on 9.in 10.Opposed
11.buying 12.advocating 13.will be improved 14.will be standing 15.it 16.visible 17.with 18.up 19.to work 20.from
二、语法句型
1.What surprises us most
2.First aid is needed badly
3.That/It was because
4.that he won the first prize
5.It is no use complaining
6.Having appealed to
7.Time permitting
8.It suddenly occurred to me
9.that everyone (should) remain/keep/stay calm
10.It hit me that
11.is bound to succeed
12.twice as large as before
13.so little homework this weekend that we have decided to go for a picnic
14.are more likely to suffer from back problems
15.did he begin to know
第二部分 词汇综合运用（共两节）
一、完形填空
【语篇解读】 作者通过讲述自己小时候由于跑得快撞到树上，没有哭泣而是继续前进的故事，告诉我们遇到困难不要害怕，要继续前进，唯有通过不懈努力，目标才会实现。
1-5.CADCD 6-10.BBADC 11-15.ABCDB
二、语法填空
deaths
be given
however
willingness
whether
have been approved
with
an
has
currently
第三部分 阅读理解能力（共两节）
第一节 七选五阅读
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。对比说明了中西方对待家庭关系的不同观念。
答案：DACFE
第二节 阅读理解（科普类）
第一篇：1-4 BCDA
解析：1.词义猜测题根据第一段第一句,在a poor night’s sleep后喝一杯浓咖啡是许多人早上需要的动力。
2.细节理解题根据第五、六两段可知三次实验中受试者都喝了a sugary drink。
3.细节理解题由最后一段one night of interrupted sleep did not worsen the participants’ blood sugar and insulin (胰岛素) responses 以及strong black coffee consumed before breakfast actually increased the blood sugar response by around 50%可以推知。
4.推理判断题由最后一段可知研究者通过比较实验结果得出结论。
第二篇：1-4.DBAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member."可知,根据Dr Catherine Hobaiter所说,黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于有目的地传递信息,故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第六段"Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were 'a little disappointing'."可知,这项研究是一个好的尝试,但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B项。
3.词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的"They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect."可知,黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的"Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication."可知,黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的,也就是"So, it seems the gulf remains.",故gulf的含义最接近difference,故选A项。
4.标题判断题。根据第一段中的"Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate."以及文章对这方面的讨论可知,文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果,所以D项适合作本文标题。
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