Unit4 课时分层作业(三）表达作文巧升格
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Mention the terms Italian Culture and Renaissance Art and one is immediately reminded of the mysterious smile of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa.
The renaissance period had a deep effect on European culture development. Having its beginnings in Italy，by the 16th century，it had spread to the rest of Europe. Its influence was felt in different fields such as philosophy，literature，religion，science，politics，and，of course，art. The scholars of the renaissance period applied the humanist method in every field of study，and wanted human emotion and realism in art.
Renaissance scholars studied the ancient Latin and Greek texts，searching the monastic(修道院的)libraries of Europe for works of ancient times that had become obscure，in their hunt for improving and perfecting their worldly knowledge. This was completely different from the religion that Christianity(基督教)stressed. However，that does not mean that they refused Christianity. In fact，much of the greatest works of the renaissance period was devoted to it，with the church supporting a lot of the works of renaissance art. However，there were slight changes in the manner in which the scholars began to treat religion，which affected the cultural life of the society，which in turn influenced the artists of that period and therefore was reflected in their art.
In Raphael's School of Athens，for example，some well known people were described as classical scholars，with Leonardo da Vinci being given as much importance as Plato in his time.Giotto di Bondone,1267—1337，a Florentine，who is regarded as the greatest Italian painter just earlier than the renaissance period，is thought to be the first artist who treated a painting as a window into space.
However，it was only after the writings of Filippo Brunelleschi,1377—1446，who is considered the first great builder of the Italian Renaissance，that perspective was formally accepted as an artistic technique.
【语篇解读】　文章介绍了文艺复兴的发源地意大利在当时的背景下的文化特色和相关艺术家在这个时期的作用。
1．What makes Italy stand out in a way in world history
A．Its artists during the Renaissance were numerous.
B．It was the center of the European countries.
C．It had Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa.
D．It was the home to the Renaissance.
D　[推理判断题。第二段第二句话中的“beginnings in Italy，by the 16th century，it had spread to the rest of Europe”说明意大利正是文艺复兴的发源地，从而影响整个欧洲。]
2．The underlined word“obscure”in Paragraph 3 most probably means“ ”．
A．meaningless and hard to recognize
B．clear and meaningful to guide people
C．unclear and difficult to understand or see
D．easy to understand but having little meaning
C　[词义猜测题。该题根据语境结合选项进行猜测。句中的the monastic说明这些资料的来源，和宗教有关的应该是较难理解的，works of ancient times也说明了这一点。]
3．When was perspective officially received during the Renaissance
A．After the completion of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa.
B．After Leonardo da Vinci's being compared to Plato.
C．After Giotto di Bondone's paintings were respected.
D．After Filippo Brunelleschi's completing his writings.
D　[细节理解题。最后一段的强调结构里的被强调部分就是本题的解题线索。]
4．The passage aims to tell us .
A．Italy's renaissance art and artists
B．the famous artists in Italy's history
C．Italy's influence on the world in culture
D．the hardships during the renaissance in Italy
A　[主旨大意题。文章是围绕着意大利在文艺复兴中的文化发展和相关的艺术家展开的。]
B
What was life like in Whitby when the town was not a tourist attraction but a working fishing port
First and foremost，it was community life.You were part of group that knew and cared about you，as you did about your neighbors.People tended to live in one house for the whole of their life，often continuing with a married son or daughter taking on the household responsibilities and caring for their ageing parents.There was a friendliness and a sharing of one's joys and troubles with other people.Loneliness was hardly possible.A widowed man might find his washing quietly done for him，or maybe some kind of baking left on his doorstep.A newly confined(分娩)mother would have few worries about the care of her other children as they would be left with a neighbor.And in due course she would repay the kindness with a similar service.
Perhaps the hardest part was the water supply.In the old days there was a pump in a near yard.Much later，piped water was led to a shared tap in each yard where one filled the daily buckets.It was often their children's job to get the water in before going to school.
In Whitby，middle class people lived alongside those who were very poor indeed.But despite the extreme poverty，Whitby people were very good at making the best of things and did not air their poverty publicly.Dignity was important and most people tried to keep some “Sunday best” clothes.
Romantic as the artists may have found it，Whitby undoubtedly had its problems.Access to the upper floors was often by way of wooden steps and galleries outside.Roofs leaked，floors rotted，plaster(石膏)fell off.People would joke about how well their houses were ventilated(通风的)．
Perhaps the state of the upkeep(维修)of the houses left much to be desired，but that was the landlord's responsibility，not the people who actually lived in them.But for their part they did their best，cleaning the floor every week. Not only that，they also cleaned the yard steps from top to bottom.
【语篇解读】　主要描述了过去居住在Whitby社区里的人们相互关心，照顾他人。即使贫穷，也很注重公众形象。即使居住环境差，但是每周都尽最大努力打扫地板，乐观向上。
5．What did life in Whitby's community use to be like
A．People moved out to live elsewhere when they got married.
B．People lived in harmony with their neighbors.
C．A windowed man would find it hard to manage his life.
D．Children were usually brought up by their grandparents.
B　[细节理解题。第二段中“There was a friendliness and a sharing of one's joys and troubles with other people.”可知Whitby社区过去人们与邻居分享自己的快乐和烦恼，过着非常和谐的生活。故选B。]
6．What can we conclude from the text about people from Whitby
A．They felt quite comfortable about their poverty.
B．The middle class and the poor were often in conflict.
C．They showed respect for each other though they were poor.
D．They cared about their public image even if they were poor.
D　[细节理解题。第四段第二句“But despite the extreme poverty，Whitby people were very good at making the best of things and did not air their poverty publicly.”尽管极度贫困，Whitby社区的人却非常善于充分利用一切，从不公开宣扬他们的贫困。可知即使他们贫穷，但是他们也很关心他们的公众形象。故选D。]
7．What was the main problem that most of Whitby people had
A．They lived in very poor conditions.
B．They found it hard to get water from a pump.
C．They didn't know how to keep their houses ventilated.
D．They were not active enough to increase their income.
A　[细节理解题。第五段倒数第二句“Roofs leaked，floors rotted，plaster(石膏)fell off.”可知社区里的人们屋顶漏水，地板腐烂，灰泥脱落，可见他们的居住条件很差。故选A。]
8．Which words can be used to describe Whitby people in the old days
A．Romantic and artistic.
B．Caring and optimistic.
C．Friendly and open minded.
D．Cautious and intelligent.
B　[推理判断题。根据第二段和第五段“Roofs leaked，floors rotted，plaster(石膏)fell off. People would joke about how well their houses were ventilated(通风的)．(尽管房屋屋顶漏水，地板腐烂，灰泥脱落，人们还能乐观地开玩笑说自己的房子通风非常好)，”可知人们非常乐观。综上可知，有同情心和乐观可以来形容Whitby的人们。故选B。]
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
What is eco fashion Eco fashion is about making clothes that considers the environment，the health of consumers and the working conditions of people in the fashion industry.
A closer look at the fashion industry points out many problems that are common practices in the creation of our fashions from the field to the factory. Firstly，the production of textiles pollutes the environment heavily. Cotton planting uses pesticides；sheep farming and wool cleaning bring about global warming. Secondly，every stage of clothing production consumes a great deal of energy and some also involve chemicals which obviously do harm to the surroundings. In addition，there is a lot of waste produced in the process，especially in the form of polluted water. Thirdly，growing purchasing power and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects. We are now buying clothes in increasing quantities and we are also quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times.
Then，how to solve the problem To a large degree，it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are a great many ways these producers can reduce their ecological footprint，from switching to green energy and reducing energy use，through selecting sustainable materials and choosing local suppliers，to recycling and minimizing waste. On the other hand，as consumers we can all play our part by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing buying.
There is some concern that eco friendly fashions are just a trend that we will eventually grow tired of but we can make sure that doesn't happen. Now many people are beginning to shop for organic food products because the benefits of eating food free of chemicals are immediate. They relate directly to our personal health. In fact，choosing Eco fashion can also do good to our personal health，though it is mostly done by way of keeping the health of the planet.
【参考范文】
Eco fashion concerns the environment，consumers' health and people's working conditions when making clothes.(要点1) Various problems arise in traditional fashion production，including environmental pollution and energy waste，worsened by growing purchasing power and shopping habits.(要点2) To solve the problem，producers should reduce，reuse and recycle，while consumers are supposed to choose environmentally friendly clothes and purchase less.(要点3) Benefiting the health of both the earth and people，Eco fashion will surely be a lasting trend.(要点4)
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