（7）完形填空（15空）——2023届高考英语二轮复习热点题型限时练
答题时间：30分钟
一、
Before smartphones, landline telephones(固定电话) were the way most people kept in touch, And until 1 dialing became common, a switchboard operator's assistance was often 2 to help with long-distance calls, collect calls, or to reach the police or the fire department in a(n) 3 .
Most switchboard operators were women who were expected to be polite, 4 and patient under pressure. They handled all kinds of 5 , from providing the time of day to more delicate 6 . Examples like this one can be found in the AT&T archives (档案), when an operator takes a call from a(n) 7 woman:
"There's somebody outside ringing my doorbell and it scares me to death."
The operator replies: "Well, ma'am, the only thing I can 8 that you do is call the police. I'll 9 you."
Back then there was a 10 dress code(着装规定): no pants and no miniskirts. Everyone was expected to 11 their behavior even when 12 did not, like this man whose call is among those 13 in the AT&.T archives:
Man: "That isn't the number that I asked you for."
Operator: "Well, sir, that's 14 the number."
Man: "What the hell is the matter with you "
Most callers, the operators say, were generally not that 15 .
1.A. effective B. affordable C. direct D. formal
2.A. needed B. guided C. appointed D. delivered
3.A. effort B. dilemma C. mess D. emergency
4.A. good-looking B. ever-lasting C. quick-thinking D. peace-loving
5.A. arrangements B. requests C. invitations D. appointments
6.A. matters B. criteria C. figures D. comments
7.A. exhausted B. generous C. active D. frightened
8.A. order B. suggest C. urge D. desire
9.A. connect B. encourage C. comfort D. rescue
10.A. funny B. temporary C. strict D. flexible
11.A. explain B. mind C. understand D. protect
12.A. receptionists B. employers C. applicants D. customers
13.A. preserved B. scheduled C. fixed D. studied
14.A. extremely B. occasionally C. alternatively D. definitely
15.A. typical B. rude C. convincing D. defensive
二、
If your parents name you “Adventure,” they probably hope you’d do some adventurous things. Sam Adventure Baker understood his 16 . The Colorado 8-year-old sets out Monday to become the 17 person to reach the summit of El Capitan in California’s Yosemite National Park.
Sam Adventure Baker has been going up the huge cliff with his father, Joe Baker since Tuesday. The duo (二人组) are part of a four-person team, where one person climbs ahead and 18 the ropes for others to follow. Nights are spent 19 on the rock face.
“He 20 the youngest rope ascent(攀登) of El Cap! In a few years he might break more 21 ,” Joe Baker said. Sam’s mother, Ann Baker, told the press they’ve been supportive of Sam’s 22 . “He seems really happy to be up there and 23 are high,” she said.
Ascending El Capitan, a rock formation rising 3,000ft above the Yosemite valley, is an extremely challenging task for even the most 24 climbers and a cherished 25 for many in the global climbing community. The routes are for expert climbers who train 26 and have a lot of natural ability.
Sam Baker was born into a 27 family, his dad said. Joe and Sam’s mom fell in love with rock climbing when young. “I’m so 28 of Sam,” said Joe.
While 29 to the top of El Capitan would set records, that’s not Sam’s motivation for attempting the ascent. “I’m most 30 to climb with my Daddy,” Sam said.
16.A. instruction B. assignment C. company D. excuse
17.A. youngest B. toughest C. most cautious D. most energetic
18.A. packs B. sets C. cancels D. circles
19.A. balancing B. painting C. sleeping D. battling
20.A. designed B. improved C. measured D. completed
21.A. promises B. rules C. records D. schedules
22.A. adventures B. education C. debates D. application
23.A. classifications B. scores C. atmospheres D. spirits
24.A. intelligent B. experienced C. troublesome D. exposed
25.A. advice B. option C. goal D. plan
26.A. accidentally B. regularly C. gradually D. casually
27.A. lifting B. running C. jumping D. climbing
28.A. critical B. certain C. proud D. tired
29.A. making it B. giving up C. hitting it D. pulling over
30.A. excited B. annoyed C. anxious D. relieved
三、
It was thought that Microbes（细菌）in sediments — solid material that settles at the bottom of a liquid beneath the seafloor died above 80°C, but scientists have found some that can survive up to 120°C and possibly higher temperatures. The discovery shows that life in seafloor sediments can survive higher temperatures than previously thought.
"I would think that wherever there's energy that can be exploited by microorganisms, 31 find(s) a way." says Tina Treude at the University of California, Los Angeles. It is possible that there is life at even higher temperatures. "The only way to find out is to go back and 32 deeper," she says, though in lab experiments so far, no microbes have been found to grow above 122°C.
The researchers were also able to 33 out and count cells using a special device. Together, the findings show that relatively few cells survive at these temperatures, but those that do have very high metabolic(新陈代谢的) rates. "It was astonishingly high," says Treude.
This surprised the team because it is the 34 of what has been found in shallower sediments, where it is much colder. Microbes are 35 there, but their metabolisms are extremely slow and individual microbes might live for millions of years. At 120°C，the heat is doing a lot of damage to cells, so microbes may need high metabolisms to generate enough energy to repair this damage. It is a(n) 36 to stay alive, says Treude.
It isn't clear what these heat-loving, or thermophilic, microbes are, as the team was unable to 37 their DNA. Nor is it clear how they came to be in the sediments, given that this would have been a very cold environment for a long time after the sediments that the samples came from were first 38 .
However, a few thermophilic microbes would have been present when the sediments were deposited, and they may have somehow 39 until temperatures began to rise due to being 40 under more material, says team member Felix Beulig at Aarhus University in Denmark.
As the temperatures rose, all the microbes that weren't 41 of heat would gradually have died off, says team member Florian Schubert at the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. "The microbes that cannot 42 , they just die," he says.
Patrick Forterre at the Pasteur Institute in Paris says that while there are 43 results showing microbe growth at 106°C，nobody has been able to exactly copy the two lab studies claiming growth at 122°C. "It's very difficult to 44 the upper temperature limit," he says.
He is therefore 45 of the idea of microbes living normally at 120°C，but he does think it is possible that they could somehow survive and became active again at lower temperatures.
31.A. life B. energy C. bacteria D. voyage
32.A. think B. research C. practise D. drill
33.A. spread B. figure C. separate D. reach
34.A. opposite B. evidence C. coincidence D. resemblance
35.A. moderate B. existent C. swift D. plentiful
36.A. game B. approach C. race D. solution
37.A. explode B. identify C. locate D. attack
38.A. formed B. deposited C. tagged D. covered
39.A. stuck on B. moved away C. died off D. run out
40.A. exposed B. removed C. buried D. washed
41.A. tolerant B. afraid C. tired D. careful
42.A. translate B. adapt C. escape D. furnish
43.A. various B. false C. reliable D. different
44.A. pass B. break C. outstep D. determine
45.A. capable B. doubtful C. sick D. ignorant
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：C
解析：本题考查形容词。根据下文switchboard可知,前后形成对比,此处指直拨电话。
2.答案：A
解析：本题考查动词。当时的通讯需要接线员帮助处理各种电话。
3.答案：D
解析：本题考查名词。接线员协助接听长途电话、对方付费电话,或在紧急情况下联系警察或消防部门。
4.答案：C
解析：本题考查形容词。她们被期望在有压力的情况下能够做到彬彬有礼、思维敏捷、有耐心等。
5.答案：B
解析：本题考查名词。他们处理各种各样的请求,从告诉他人时间到处理更棘手的事情。
6.答案：A
解析：本题考查名词。见5题解析。
7.答案：D
解析：本题考查形容词。根据下文it scares me to death可知答案。
8.答案：B
解析：本题考查动词。接线员回答说:“女士,我唯一能建议你做的就是报警。我帮你转接。”
9.答案：A
解析：本题考查动词。见8题解析。
10.答案：C
解析：本题考查形容词。那时候公司对接线员有严格的着装规定:不能穿短裤和迷你裙。
11.答案：B
解析：本题考查动词。每个人都应该注意自己的行为,即使顾客不一定会注意到。
12.答案：D
解析：本题考查名词。见11题解析。
13.答案：A
解析：本题考查动词。此处指保存在AT&T档案里的通话记录。
14.答案：D
解析：本题考查副词。接线员回答:“先生,这绝对是(您要求拨通的电话)。”
15.答案：B
解析：本题考查形容词。大多数来电者一般都没那么粗鲁。
二、
16.答案：B
解析：考查名词。根据上文“如果你的父母给你取名‘冒险’，他们可能希望你能做一些冒险的事情”Sam Adventure Baker他的名字里带有adventure，所以他理解他的任务(使命)。故选B。
17.答案：A
解析：考查形容词。根据上下文可知，这位科罗拉多州的8岁少年周一出发，成为登上加利福尼亚州约塞米蒂国家公园埃尔卡皮坦峰最年轻的人。故选A。
18.答案：B
解析：考查动词。根据上下文可得知这项运动是要一个人在前面攀爬，然后固定绳子，让后面的人跟上。故选B。
19.答案：C
解析：考查动词。句意：晚上要睡在岩石上。故选C。
20.答案：D
解析：考查动词。句意：他完成了El Cap最年轻的绳索攀登！故选D。
21.答案：C
解析：考查名词。句意：再过几年，他会打破更多纪录。故选C。
22.答案：A
解析：考查名词。山姆的母亲安·贝克告诉媒体，他们一直支持山姆的冒险。故选A。
23.答案：D
解析：考查名词。根据句意可知，他似乎真的很高兴能在那里，情绪很高。故选D。
24.答案：B
解析：考查形容词。攀登El Capitan，一个高出约塞米蒂山谷3000英尺的岩层，对即使是最有经验的攀岩者来说也是一项极具挑战性的任务，也是全球攀岩界许多人珍视的目标。故选B。
25.答案：C
解析：考查名词。解析同上。
26.答案：B
解析：考查副词。这些路线是为经常训练并具有能力的专业攀岩者设计的。故选B。
27.答案：D
解析：考查名词。Sam Baker出生于一个攀岩家庭。故选D。
28.答案：C
解析：考查形容词。根据上文叙述可知，Joe为他的儿子感到骄傲。故选C。
29.答案：A
解析：考查动词词组。句意：虽然登上El Capitan之巅会创造纪录，但这并不是Sam尝试攀登的动机故选A。
30.答案：A
解析：考查形容词。根据上下文可知，Sam对于和父亲一起参加爬山感到非常兴奋。故选A。
三、
31.答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我认为只要有微生物可以利用的能量，生命就会找到一条出路。A. life生命; B. energy能量; C.bacteria细菌; D. voyage航行。由上文的"wherever there's energy that can be exploited by microorganisms"和后文的"there is life at even higher temperatures"可知,句子表示"只要有微生物可以利用的能量，生命就会找到一条出路"，故选A。
32.答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:唯一的办法就是回去再往深处钻。A. think思考; B. research研究; C. practise练习; D. drill钻孔。由后文的"deeper"可知，此处表示往深处钻,故选D。
33.答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:研究人员还能够使用一种特殊的设备分离和计数细胞。A. spread传播; B. figure理解，弄懂; C.separate分开; D. reach到达。由后文的"and count cells using a special device"可知，研究人员使用一种特殊的设备分离和计数细胞，故选C。
34.答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:这让研究小组感到惊讶,因为这与在较冷的浅层沉积物中发现的情况相反。A. opposite对立的人(或物) ; B. evidence证据; C. coincidence巧合; D. resemblance相似之处。由上文的"Together, the findings show that relatively few cells survive at these temperatures, but those that do have very high metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates'和后文的"where it is much colder"可知，这与在较冷的浅层沉积物中发现的情况相反，空格处意为“对立的人(或物)”,故选A。
35.答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:那里有大量的微生物，但它们的新代谢极其缓慢，单个微生物可能会存活数百万年。A. .moderate温和的; B. existent现存的; C. swift快速的; D. plentiful大量的。由后文的"individual microbes"可知，此处表示"那里有大量的微生物"，故选D。
36.答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:特鲁德说，生存是一场赛跑。A. game游戏; B. approach方法; C. race赛跑; D. solution解决办法。由上文"microbes may need high metabolisms to generate enough energy to repair this damage"可知，微生物可能需要高代谢来产生足够的能量来修复这种损伤，因此这是一场赛跑, 故选C。
37.答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:目前还不清楚这些喜热或嗜热的微生物是什么，因为研究团队无法识别它们的DNA。A. explode爆炸; B. identify识别; C. locate定位; D. attack攻陆。由上文的"It isn't clear what these heat-loving, or thermophilic, microbes are"可知，研究团队无法识别它们的DNA,所以目前还不清楚这些喜热或嗜热的微生物是什么,故选B。
38.答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:也不清楚它们是如何出现在沉积物中的，因为在这些样本所来自的沉积物第一次沉积下来之后，很长一段时间里,环境都非常寒冷。A. formed形成; B. deposited沉积; C. tagged给......贴标签; D. covered覆盖。由上文的"the sediments that the samples came from和下一段的"the sediments were deposited"可知，此处表示沉积物的沉积，故选B。
39.答案：A
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意:然而，丹麦奥胡斯大学的研究小组成员菲利克斯贝尤利格说，当沉积物沉积时，一些嗜热微生物可能已经存在了，由于被埋在更多的物质下，它们可能以某种方式粘在上面，直到温度开始上升。A. stuck on贴上; B. moved away移开; C. died off相继死亡; D. run out用完。由上文的"a few thermophilic microbes would have been present"可知，当沉积物沉积时，一些嗜热微生物可能已经存在了，以某种方式粘在上面，故选A。
40.答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，丹麦奥胡斯大学的研究小组成员菲利克斯贝尤利格说，当沉积物沉积时，一些嗜热微生物可能已经存在了，由于被埋在更多的物质下，它们可能以某种方式粘在上面，直到温度开始上升。A. exposed暴露; B. removed去除; C. buried埋葬; D. washed洗。由后文的"under more material"可知，此处表示“埋在更多的物质下”，故选C。
41.答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:波茨坦德国地球科学研究中心的研究小组成员弗洛里安舒伯特说，随着温度的上升,所有不能耐受高温的微生物都会逐渐死亡。A. tolerant忍受的; B. afraid害怕的; C. tired累的; D. careful仔细的。由后文的"gradually have died of"可知，此处表示不能耐受高温的微生物都会逐渐死亡，空格处意为“忍受的”，故选A。
42.答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:微生物不能适应,它们就会死亡。A. translate翻译; B. adapt适应; C. escape逃跑; D. furnish为(房间或房屋)配备家具。由上文的“all the microbes that weren't， 11 of heat would gradually have died of"可知，微生物不能适应，它们就会死亡，故选B。
43.答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:巴黎巴斯德研究所(Pasteur Institute)的帕特里克福泰尔(Patrick Forterre)表示,虽然有可靠的结果显示微生物在106°C下生长，但没有人能够完全复制两项声称微生物在122°C下生长的实验室研究。A. various各种各样的; B.false错误的; C. reliable可靠的; D. different不同的。由后文的"nobody has been able to exactly copy the two lab studies claiming growth at 122°C"可知，句子表示“虽然有可靠的结果显示微生物在106°C下生长，但没有人能够完全复制两项声称微生物在122°C下生长的实验室研究”，故选C。
44.答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:很难确定温度上限。A. pass经过; B. break打破; C. outstep超过; D. determine决定,确定。由上文的"nobody has been able to exactly copy the two lab studies claiming growth at 122°C'和下文的"the upper temperature limit"可知，句子表示“很难确定温度上限”，故选D。
45.答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:因此，他对微生物在120°C 下正常生存的想法持怀疑态度，但他认为它们有可能在更低的温度下以某种方式存活并再次活跃起来。A. capable有能力的; B. doubtful怀疑的; C. sick病的; D. ignorant无知的。由后文的"he does think it is possible that they could somehow survive and became active again at lower temperatures."可知，句子表示"他对微生物在120°C下正常生存的想法持怀疑态度"，故选B。
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