热点四 健康饮食，健康生活
（解析版）
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．A
【导语】本文是应用文。这是一篇给孩子看的菜谱，介绍如何制作炖菜丸子。
【详解】1. 推理判断题 根据文章第一句话 “This hearty dish is your perfect winter holiday warmer.（这道丰盛的菜肴是你冬季假期的最佳取暖菜。）”和 Instructions中第1条“You may need to ask a grown-up for help.（你可能需要向大人寻求帮助。） ” 可知，本文是写给孩子看的。故选C。
2. 细节理解题 根据Instructions中第4条“Using your hands, mix it all together. Divide the dough into 10 balls and pop them on top of your stew 20 minutes before the end.（用手把它们混合在一起。把面团分成10个球，在结束前20分钟把它们放在炖菜上。）”可知，在结束前20分钟把丸子们放在炖菜上。故选D。
3. 细节理解题 根据How does it work 中 “To make the perfect, fluffy dumplings, you need suet. However, you can also get vegetarian suet, which is made out of vegetable oils.（要做出完美蓬松的饺子，你需要板油。不过，你也可以买到素板油，它是由植物油制成的。） ”可知，素食板油是做出美味而轻盈的丸子的关键。故选A。
4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章旨在说明健康均衡的饮食是最合理有效的减肥方式。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But is this really the best method With celebrities speaking about new diets that have helped them slim down in advertisements, more and more people are turning to dieting.(但这真的是最好的方法吗？随着明星们在广告中谈论帮助他们瘦下来的新食谱，越来越多的人开始转向节食)”可知，流行饮食通常是由名人推广的。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“For example, some diets work by cutting out carbohydrates. This means the body must use its fat reserves for energy. This might help you lose weight. However, by cutting a particular food group out of your diet, you are starving your body of a nutrient that it needs, which could leave you feeling weak, tired or even bad-tempered. Furthermore, these diets are often unsuccessful in the long run.(例如，一些饮食通过减少碳水化合物来起作用。这意味着身体必须利用其脂肪储备来获取能量。这可能会帮助你减肥。然而，通过从你的饮食中剔除特定的食物组，你会使你的身体缺乏所需的营养，这可能会让你感到虚弱、疲惫甚至脾气暴躁。此外，从长远来看，这些饮食往往是不成功的。)”可知，作者对于减肥药物是反感、不喜欢的。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Generally, following a strict diet or cutting out a particular food group is not an effective way to lose weight. One of the most effective ways is to cut down on calories.(一般来说，严格控制饮食或不吃某种特定的食物并不是减肥的有效方法。最有效的方法之一是减少卡路里的摄入)”可知，减少卡路里的摄入是最有效的减肥方法。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So, instead of spending money on trendy diet pills or special weight loss foods, try to eat healthy balanced meals containing foods from all food groups. Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals all play an important role in staying healthy, which is why they all should be included in your meals. Of course, some foods can be eaten in moderation as an occasional snack. For example, a bar of chocolate every once in a while won’t cause you any problems. So, next time a friend of yours tells you that they are going on a diet, let them know that eating a healthy balanced diet is a much better choice.( 所以，与其把钱花在流行的减肥药或特殊的减肥食品上，不如试着吃健康均衡的饮食，包括所有食物类别的食物。蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、维生素和矿物质都对保持健康起着重要作用，这就是为什么它们都应该包括在你的饮食中。当然，有些食物可以作为偶尔的零食适量食用。例如，每隔一段时间吃一块巧克力不会给你带来任何问题。所以，下次你的朋友告诉你他们正在节食时，让他们知道健康均衡的饮食是更好的选择)”可知，最后一段的主旨是保持营养丰富的饮食是理想的。故选C。
8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文时一篇说明文。研究发现，吃全蛋比只吃蛋白更有利于肌肉的修复和增长。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“On the “healthy” section of any breakfast menu, you're bound to spot an egg white omelet (煎蛋卷).(在任何早餐菜单的“健康”部分，你一定会看到一个蛋清煎蛋卷)”可知，人们认为只吃蛋白是健康的。由此推知，人们往往认为蛋黄不健康。故选C项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Both egg choices contained 18 grams of protein, and the eggs were developed with chemical markers. Thanks to them, the researchers tracked how the men’s bodies used amino acids (氨基酸) from the eggs and egg whites, and found some surprising results. (两种鸡蛋都含有18克蛋白质，这些鸡蛋都带有化学标记。多亏了他们，研究人员追踪了这些男性的身体是如何利用鸡蛋和蛋白中的氨基酸的，并发现了一些令人惊讶的结果)”可推知，用化学标记物培育鸡蛋是为了追踪消化时产生的氨基酸。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“When the researchers looked specifically at how much protein synthesis — the process that helps muscles repair and grow — occurred, one form of egg clearly did better than the other. “Having whole eggs immediately after exercise resulted in greater protein synthesis than just having egg whites,” says lead study author Nicholas Burd in a statement. (当研究人员专门观察蛋白质合成的多少时——这个过程有助于肌肉的修复和生长——发现一种形式的鸡蛋明显比另一种更好。“运动后立即吃全蛋比只吃蛋清能产生更多的蛋白质合成，”该研究的主要作者尼古拉斯·伯德在一份声明中说)”可知，最近的研究结果主要表明，吃全蛋有助于增强肌肉。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“On the “healthy” section of any breakfast menu, you’re bound to spot an egg white omelet (煎蛋卷). With no fat and just a quarter of the calories in a whole egg, the whites look like the best choice at first glance. Not so fast, though new research shows a good reason why you might want to keep the yolk (蛋黄) in if you want to get fit. (在任何早餐菜单的“健康”部分，你一定会发现蛋清煎蛋卷。鸡蛋蛋白不含脂肪，热量只有整个鸡蛋的四分之一，乍一看是最好的选择。虽然最新研究表明，如果你想保持健康，你可能会想保留蛋黄，但速度不会太快)”及下文论述可知，文章主要讲的是一个有关吃蛋白和吃全蛋哪个更好的研究。故选A项。
12．D 13．G 14．A 15．F 16．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“把锻炼当零食”这一理念，以及介绍了参加合唱和打高尔夫对健康有益处。
12．上文“Health experts used to say you needed to exercise for at least ten minutes at a time to gain any benefits.(健康专家过去常说，你需要一次锻炼至少十分钟才能获得任何益处)”以及下文“That’s why the WHO’s Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior no longer recommends a minimum time for an exercise session.(这就是为什么世界卫生组织的《身体活动和久坐行为指南》不再建议锻炼的最短时间)”说明锻炼的时间长度不再像过去一样受限，D项“然而，证据表明，有总比什么都没有好。”与上文形成转折关系，引出下文，符合题意。故选D。
13．上文“Meanwhile, scientists have adopted the term “exercise snack” to refer to bursts of physical activity that take little time.(与此同时，科学家们采用了“把锻炼当零食”这一术语，指的是只需要花很少时间的突发性体育活动)”说明“把锻炼当零食”是一种只需要花很少时间的体育活动，G项“例子包括几个俯卧撑，骑自行车60秒，或在一段楼梯上慢跑。”具体举例说明“把锻炼当零食”，承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
14．下文“Lifting your voice in a choir has cognitive benefits, according to a Finnish study published in Plos One. The study found that elderly singers had better verbal fluency compared to non-singers.(根据发表在Plos One上的一项芬兰研究，在合唱团提高嗓门对认知有好处。研究发现，与非歌手相比，老年歌手的语言流畅性更好)”说明在合唱团提高嗓音合唱对认知有益处，A项中Choir singing是关键词，A项“合唱能增强大脑。”引出下文，适合做本段小标题。故选A。
15．下文“But many patients lack the motivation.(但许多患者缺乏动力)”说明许多帕金森患者缺乏锻炼的动力，F项“锻炼是帕金森病患者最有效的治疗方法之一。”引出下文，与下文形成转折关系，符合题意。故选F。
16．上文“In an effort to identify a physical activity that’s beneficial, research presented at the American Academy of Neurology compared tai chi — which is known to greatly improve balance and prevent falls — to golf, a favourite sport of many people over 55.(为了确定一种有益的体育活动，美国神经学学会的一项研究将可以极大地改善平衡和防止摔倒的太极拳比作高尔夫，一项许多55岁以上的人最喜欢的运动)”说明高尔夫和太极拳一样，可以改善平衡和防止摔倒，E项“打高尔夫球的患者发现他们的平衡和行走能力有所改善。”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
17．D 18．F 19．G 20．A 21．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。每个人都至少有一个坏习惯。不管是经常迟到、跺脚还是吃垃圾食品，这些坏习惯都会对你的幸福、健康和社交关系产生负面影响。文章介绍了如何改掉这些坏习惯的方法。
17．根据上文“Whether it’s being frequently late, tapping your feet, or eating junk food, a bad habit can have a negative influence on your happiness, health and social relationships.(不管是经常迟到、跺脚还是吃垃圾食品，这些坏习惯都会对你的幸福、健康和社交关系产生负面影响)”及下文“However, understanding the basic principles of behavior change can give you a head start on the process.(然而，理解行为改变的基本原则可以让你在这个过程中领先一步)”可知，空处内容与下文为转折关系，D. To change some bad habits may require professional help.(要改变一些坏习惯可能需要专业的帮助)能够承接上文，some bad habits指代上文中的一些坏习惯，符合语境。故选D。
18．根据上文“Take some time to reflect on the trouble your bad habit may lead to.(花点时间反思一下你的坏习惯可能带来的麻烦)”可知，要找出坏习惯可能带来的麻烦或问题。由此可知，空处指出需要发现自己的问题所在。F. If you don’t see a problem, you won’t work on changing your behavior.(如果你没有发现问题，你就不会努力改变你的行为)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
19．根据下文“You need to strengthen your sense of belief that you can accomplish what you want. Seeing other people change successfully is inspiring, but you need to see yourself as being able to make those changes in yourself.(你需要加强你的信念，即你可以完成你想要的。看到别人成功地改变是鼓舞人心的，但你需要看到自己能够在自己身上做出这些改变)”可知，此处讲的是要激励和相信自己，同时学习他人。由此可知，G. Once you’ve decided to change, convince yourself you can achieve your goals.(一旦你决定改变，说服自己你可以实现你的目标)能够衔接下文，其中convince yourself you can achieve your goals对应下文中的strengthen your sense of belief that you can accomplish what you want，符合语境。故选G。
20．根据下文“Once you figure out what is driving your bad habits, you will have gone a long way toward changing them. By figuring out what’s causing the bad habit, you can also work on deciding how to control the outcomes of your behavior. (一旦你弄清楚是什么导致了你的坏习惯，你就已经在改变它们的道路上走了很长一段路。通过找出坏习惯的原因，你还可以决定如何控制你行为的结果)”可知，本段讲述的是要找出导致坏习惯的原因。由此可知，A. Look into what’s causing the habit.(调查导致这个习惯的原因)能作本段主题句，符合语境。故选A。
21．根据上文“Set reasonable goals at first, since your bad habits have taken years to establish themselves.(首先要设定合理的目标，因为你的坏习惯是多年来养成的)”及下文“Start off slow, and gradually increase until you’re at the level recommended for your age, gender and family history.(慢慢开始，逐渐增加，直到达到与你的年龄、性别和家族病史相适应的水平)”可知，习惯是多年养成的，你需要慢慢来，不可能一下子就摆脱它们。由此可知，B. You’re not going to get rid of them in an instant.(你不可能一下子就摆脱它们)承上启下，符合语境。故选B。热点四 健康饮食，健康生活
（原卷版）
题型 语篇类型 主题语境
阅读理解A 应用文 人与社会-如何制作炖菜丸子
阅读理解B 说明文 人与自我-节食减肥真的管用吗？
阅读理解C 说明文 人与自我-吃全蛋更能增肌
七选五D 说明文 人与自我-把锻炼当零食
七选五E 说明文 人与自我-坏习惯影响幸福感
A
（2023秋·河南南阳·高二统考期末）Make stew and dumplings
This hearty dish is your perfect winter holiday warmer.
What you need
● The original materials:
1 onion, 2 carrots, 1 parsnip, 1 celery stick, 1 small swede, 1tbsp olive oil, 175g pearl barley,
1 litre vegetable stock, 1 handful of herbs (thyme and rosemary), 150g self-raising flour, 75g vegetable suet, 1tsp salt, water.
● Tools:
Chopping board, knife, casserole dish, wooden spoon, large bowl.
Instructions
1. Cut the vegetables into small pieces(about 2cm). You may need to ask a grown-up for help.
2. Heat the olive oil in the casserole dish and brown the onions for a few minutes. Pop in the rest of the vegetables and the pearl barley. Stir for a minute or two before adding your herbs and stock. Then cover the pan with a lid. Leave to simmer on a low heat for 45 minutes.
3. Meanwhile, make your bine self-raising flour, suet and salt in a bowl. Slowly add water until your mixture forms a dough(生面团).
4. Using your hands, mix it all together. Divide the dough into 10 balls and pop them on top of your stew 20 minutes before the end.
5. You're done when the vegetables and pearl barley have softened and your dumplings have expanded.
How does it work
To make the perfect, fluffy dumplings, you need suet. Traditionally, suet is made from the fat that surrounds the kidneys of animals, such as cows or sheep. However, you can also get vegetarian suet, which is made out of vegetable oils. As the suet melts, it traps air bubbles from the self-raising flour, causing the dumplings to puff up(膨胀). For a fat, suet has quite a high melting point, which means it stays solid longer and melts later in the cooking process, making light and fluffy dumplings. Try not to overwork the dough, because warmth from your hands can melt the fat.
1．Who is the passage mainly intended for
A．A grown-up B．A housewife C．A kid D．A cook
2．What is the right time for putting the dumplings on top of your stew
A．At the beginning. B．At the end of the process.
C．In the middle. D．20 minutes before the end.
3．What is the most essential for making the wonderful and light dumplings
A．Vegetarian suet B．Salt
C．Fish D．Warmth from the hand
B
（2023秋·河南许昌·高二统考期末）Many people who want to lose weight often choose to go on a diet. But is this really the best method With celebrities speaking about new diets that have helped them slim down in advertisements, more and more people are turning to dieting. Shops have noticed this trend and are stocking their shelves with diet products such as diet milkshakes, snack bars and even diet pills. But, such products and the diets they are associated with are often found to be extremely unhealthy.
Most of these popular diets work by cutting out a certain nutrient from your food intake. For example, some diets work by cutting out carbohydrates. This means the body must use its fat reserves for energy. This might help you lose weight. However, by cutting a particular food group out of your diet, you are starving your body of a nutrient that it needs, which could leave you feeling weak, tired or even bad-tempered. Furthermore, these diets are often unsuccessful in the long run.
Generally, following a strict diet or cutting out a particular food group is not an effective way to lose weight. One of the most effective ways is to cut down on calories. The recommended calorie intake for an adult male is 2, 500. If a man consumes more than 2, 500 calories each day, then he is likely to gain weight. However, if he consumes less, then he is likely to lose weight, especially if he exercises.
So, instead of spending money on trendy diet pills or special weight loss foods, try to eat healthy balanced meals containing foods from all food groups. Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals all play an important role in staying healthy, which is why they all should be included in your meals. Of course, some foods can be eaten in moderation as an occasional snack. For example, a bar of chocolate every once in a while won’t cause you any problems. So, next time a friend of yours tells you that they are going on a diet, let them know that eating a healthy balanced diet is a much better choice.
4．What does the author say about popular diets in paragraph 1
A．They are often promoted by celebrities. B．They are welcomed by celebrities.
C．They are useful for losing weight. D．They are replacing people’s everyday meals.
5．What is the author’s attitude towards the zero-carbohydrate diet
A．Doubtful. B．Unfavorable. C．Curious. D．Unconcerned.
6．According to the author, how can we lose weight effectively
A．By having diet pills. B．By following a strict diet.
C．By taking regular exercise. D．By reducing calorie intake.
7．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Diet products should be limited.
B．Snacking is a big no-no for health.
C．Keeping a diet with various nutrients is ideal.
D．Going on a diet should be approached with care.
C
（2023秋·湖南长沙·高二长郡中学校考期末）On the “healthy” section of any breakfast menu, you’re bound to spot an egg white omelet (煎蛋卷). With no fat and just a quarter of the calories in a whole egg, the whites look like the best choice at first glance. Not so fast, though new research shows a good reason why you might want to keep the yolk (蛋黄) in if you want to get fit. Plus, forget the bad impression that the cholesterol (胆固醇) in yolks has gotten in the past. The USDA removed limits on dietary cholesterol in its most recent dietary guidelines. It’s all because evidence doesn’t back up claims that the cholesterol you eat has much influence on blood cholesterol levels.
In a recent study, researchers had ten young men eat either whole eggs or egg whites after completing a strength-training workout. Both egg choices contained 18 grams of protein, and the eggs were developed with chemical markers. Thanks to them, the researchers tracked how the men’s bodies used amino acids (氨基酸) from the eggs and egg whites, and found some surprising results. About 65 to 70 percent of amino acids were available in the blood for both the whole egg and egg white groups suggesting they’d be equally useful in building muscles. But the rest of the results didn’t back up that conclusion.
When the researchers looked specifically at how much protein synthesis — the process that helps muscles repair and grow — occurred, one form of egg clearly did better than the other. “Having whole eggs immediately after exercise resulted in greater protein synthesis than just having egg whites,” says lead study author Nicholas Burd in a statement.
Although this study was too small I to be conclusive, its conclusion backs up whole egg benefits that nutritionists have been praising for years. From their point of view egg whites are high-protein, low-calorie, but the yolk contains nearly all of an egg’s vitamins. And one study found that adults who eat whole eggs in the morning lose more weight and body fat than those who get the same number of calories from a bread-based breakfast. While no large studies have looked into the weight-loss benefits of whole eggs vs egg whites, there’s also no evidence that the 140 calories in two whole large eggs should scare you away. Crack on, egg lovers.
8．What’s implied in Paragraph 1
A．The whites can help people have a good shape.
B．The yolk’s function is different from the whites.
C．People tend to consider the yolk to be unhealthy.
D．The yolk has much to do with blood cholesterol levels.
9．Why were the eggs developed with chemical markers
A．To help process the proteins better.
B．To make them healthier for people.
C．To track the amino acids during digestion.
D．To help the body consume amino acids.
10．The findings of the recent study mainly show that_________.
A．amino acids are easy to get in eggs
B．eating the whole egg helps build muscles
C．the yolk of the egg is better than the white
D．eggs can produce more proteins than any other kinds of food_________.
11．What would be the best title for the text
A．Egg Whites VS Whole Eggs
B．Egg White Omelets or Just the Yolk
C．The Correct Way to Build Muscles
D．Unknown Facts about Egg White Omelets
D
（2023秋·江苏无锡·高二统考期末）“Exercise snack” does good.
Health experts used to say you needed to exercise for at least ten minutes at a time to gain any benefits. ____12____That’s why the WHO’s Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior no longer recommends a minimum time for an exercise session. Meanwhile, scientists have adopted the term “exercise snack” to refer to bursts of physical activity that take little time. ____13____ It’s still ideal to get longer exercise sessions regularly, but you’ll benefit from any amount that you can fit into your day.
____14____
Lifting your voice in a choir (合唱团) has cognitive (认知的) benefits, according to a Finnish study published in Plos One. The study found that elderly singers had better verbal fluency compared to non-singers. This makes sense, since it’s a hobby that requires attention, information processing, linguistic output, learning and memory.
Parkinson’s patients should hit the links.
____15____ But many patients lack the motivation. In an effort to identify a physical activity that’s beneficial, research presented at the American Academy of Neurology compared tai chi — which is known to greatly improve balance and prevent falls — to golf, a favourite sport of many people over 55. ____16____ Just as importantly, 86 per cent of golfers said they were “definitely” likely to continue the activity after the study’s end, compared to 33 per cent of the tai chi group.
A．Choir singing boosts the brain.
B．Developing hobbies improves memory.
C．Short bursts of exercise will benefit the health in the short term.
D．However, evidence has shown that anything is better than nothing.
E．The patients playing golf saw their balance and walking ability improve.
F．Exercise is one of the most powerful treatments for people with Parkinson’s disease.
G．Examples include a few push-ups, 60 seconds on an bike, or a jog up a flight of stairs.
E
（2022秋·福建龙岩·高二统考期末）Everyone has at least one bad habit. Whether it’s being frequently late, tapping your feet, or eating junk food, a bad habit can have a negative influence on your happiness, health and social relationships. ____17____ However, understanding the basic principles of behavior change can give you a head start on the process.
You can only change what you decide you want to change. Take some time to reflect on the trouble your bad habit may lead to. ____18____ The more honest you are with yourself about the nature of your bad habit, the more likely you will be to start on the path toward changing it.
____19____ You need to strengthen your sense of belief that you can accomplish what you want. Seeing other people change successfully is inspiring, but you need to see yourself as being able to make those changes in yourself.
____20____ Once you figure out what is driving your bad habits, you will have gone a long way toward changing them. By figuring out what’s causing the bad habit, you can also work on deciding how to control the outcomes of your behavior.
Set reasonable goals at first, since your bad habits have taken years to establish themselves. ____21____ Decide on a realistic schedule that will work for you based on goals that you believe you can meet. Work out a schedule of times to go to the gym or on a run that will readily fit into your existing schedule. Start off slow, and gradually increase until you’re at the level recommended for your age, gender and family history.
A．Look into what’s causing the habit.
B．You’re not going to get rid of them in an instant.
C．Here are some tips to help you remove your bad habits.
D．To change some bad habits may require professional help.
E．To help motivate yourself, you may consider others’ advice.
F．If you don’t see a problem, you won’t work on changing your behavior.
G．Once you’ve decided to change, convince yourself you can achieve your goals.热点四 必背核心词汇整理
必背核心词汇 A篇 original adj.起初的，原先的；原作的；新创作的 n.原件，原稿；原型 grown-up adj.成年的，成熟的； n.大人，成年人 stir v.搅拌，搅和；激发，打动 n.搅动，搅拌；激动情绪；颤动 melt v.使融化，融化；减少，消失 essential adj.必不可少的，非常重要的；基本的 n.必不可少的东西，必需品
B篇 celebrity n.名声，名望；名人，明星 slim down 使身材苗条；变得苗条 trend v.趋向，倾向；走向 n.趋势，动态；时尚，风尚 be associated with 和…联系在一起；与…有关 nutrient adj.营养的，滋养的 n.养分，营养物 carbohydrate n.碳水化合物，糖类 starve v.挨饿，饿死；渴望，极其缺乏 consume v.消费，消耗 trendy adj.时尚的，时髦的 unfavorable adj.不宜的；令人不快的；不顺利的
C篇 be bound to 必然，一定要 guideline n.指导方针，准则；参考 protein n.蛋白质 result in 导致，结果是 conclusive adj.结论性的，毫无疑问的 look into 调查；观察；窥视 imply v.暗示，暗指；意味着 function n.功能，职责 v.工作，运转；发挥功能 process n.步骤，程序； v.处理，加工
D篇 session n.一段时间，一场；学年，上课时间 identify v.认出，识别；查明，确认；证明（身份） boost v.使增长，推动；宣扬，推广 n.推动，促进；宣扬
E篇 principle n.行为准则，原则；基本原则 reflect on 仔细思考，思考；反省；回想 strengthen v.加强，巩固 accomplish v.完成，实现 outcome n.结果，效果 start off 出发，开始 gender n.性别 instant adj.立刻的，马上的；速食的，即食的 n.瞬间，片刻；当时，那一刻 convince v.使确信，使信服；说服，劝服

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