Unit 4 Sharing
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12.(West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12.(American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212 - 719 -1300.)
1.What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about
A.A type of art. B.A teenager's studio. C.A great teacher. D.A group of animals.
2.Who is the director of The Audience
A.Helen Mirren. B.Peter Morgan. C.Dylan Baker. D.Stephen Daldry.
3.Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history
A.Animals Out of Paper. B.The Audience.
C.Hamilton. D.On the Twentieth Century.
B
Throughout history, music spread among people of different cultures. In today's technological advanced society, however, people spread music online, sometimes without an artist's permission. This can lead to many problems, and music companies are now cracking down on this practice. Sharing music online without permission is theft.
Sharing music online prevents recording companies from making money from their efforts. They say that sharing music online has resulted in a huge drop in profits and sales over the past 10 years. People who find music for free online are not paying for CDs or every piece of music downloaded. To truly understand the influence of music piracy (盗版行为) on creators, one must understand how many people are involved in the recording process. For the sale of each album, profits must be shared among musicians, sound engineers, music producers, managers, advertisers, and the company selling the product. Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, but the reality is that sharing hurts business for all companies involved.
There are many people who don't see the harm in sharing music online and even think they have the right to do it. One online blogger states that he originally paid for an entire CD and that he should be able to do with the material whatever he wants. While he may have legally paid for the music, he does not have the right to share it without permission, which means people like the blogger are thieves.
Although we don't spread music the same way we did before, there's no doubt that people around the world love to share music. However, Internet piracy will prevent musicians from continuing producing albums for fear of theft. Therefore, if people want to continue listening to their favorite artists, they need to buy their music so that artists will make enough profits to continue their music careers.
1.What does the underlined phrase "cracking down on" in Paragraph 1 most probably mean
A.Bringing up carefully. B.Speaking highly of.
C.Dealing seriously with. D.Destroying completely.
2.What can be learned from Paragraph 3
A.All bloggers are acting like thieves.
B.Once paying for a CD, you can treat it at will.
C.Many people have difficulty understanding CDs.
D.People who share music online without permission can be called thieves.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Sharing music online affects a lot of people.
B.Artists are taking action to protect their right.
C.Sharing music online increases sales of music CDs.
D.A person who buys a CD has the right to share it online with others.
4.What is the authors attitude toward music piracy
A.Indifferent. B.Favorable. C.Disapproval. D.Skeptical.
C
AUSTRALIAN adults want to see "life skills" introduced into school curriculums (课程), including money management, job preparation and domestic tasks. New research from Monash University showed Australian adults also widely supported the inclusion of technology, coding and artificial intelligence subjects to school curriculums to prepare them for future jobs.
Co-author Professor Neil Selwyn said the survey results of more than 2,000 Australians had taken himself and Dr Deana Leahy by surprise. "The life skills — I wasn't expecting that at all," he said. Those quizzed were asked to rate the value of a list of subjects already in the curriculums, but were also given an open space to write what they thought should be included. Prof. Selwyn said people called for schools to teach financial skills, budgeting, cooking and doing taxes. "You could argue that these are things people should be learning themselves, or learning from their families," Prof. Selwyn said. "But we've got to think forward in terms of the skills people will need for jobs and their ways of living. "
One respondent (调查对象) said schools should introduce a "contemporary life skills" subject : "A compulsory 1 -hour class a week on skills is needed that parents seem continually unable to teach their kids". Suggestions for the class included resume writing, filing tax returns and health claims. Another respondent called for students to be taught "general life skills as unfortunately not enough kids will have parents to actually be bothered to educate them or simply parents don't know themselves".
Of the subjects, maths was the highest ranked (75.5 percent), followed closely by English (74. 8 percent). And while science was the third highest ranked subject (46. 2 percent), it was more strongly supported by those who earned higher wages and were university educated compared to lower income earners.
Aspects of school life considered least important were students having fun, learning about things that interested them and being given the opportunity to be creative.
1.Why did the adults suggest adding "life skills" to school curriculums
A.To vary school curriculums. B.To enrich students' school life.
C.To save parents the trouble of educating kids. D.To make preparations for students for future work.
2.What did Prof. Selwyn think of the adults' suggestions
A.Reasonable. B.Ridiculous. C.Interesting. D.Impractical.
3.What does Paragraph 3 focus on
A.Differences of school subjects. B.Reasons for the school survey.
C.Opinions from the people surveyed. D.Investigations of the respondents.
4.What does the text mainly talk about
A.Schools should provide more practical classes.
B.Children should prepare themselves for the future.
C.Schooling is the most important aspect of human society.
D.Australians supported universities in introducing life skills into school projects.
D
People often think that blue light before bedtime can make it harder to sleep. It's true that the screens on phones, computers and televisions send out plenty of blue light. But if you focus on blue light as a major problem affecting your sleep or your eye health, it's time to look at it from another aspect.
As Phillip Yuhas, a professor of optometry and vision science, writes at The Conversation, blue light isn't a uniquely technological evil. It's part of sunlight. There are studies in mice that have found blue light can damage their eyes, but the eyes of the mice are different from ours. The pigments (色素)and the crystalline lens (晶状体)of our eyes actually block blue light fairly well — so in a sense, we already have built-in blue light-blocking protection.
Adding more protection isn't likely to help, though. You can buy glasses and screen filters (过滤器) that block Hue light, but Yuhas points out they are probably a waste of money. These products do not block out much blue light. The leading blue light-blocking anti-reflective coating, for example, blocks only about 15% of the blue light that screens send out. You could get the same reduction just by holding your phone another inch from your face.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology doesn't recommend blue light-blocking products, either. Instead, if you're concerned about your eye health or your ability to get to sleep on time, you already know what to do. Put the screens away at bedtime. Read a book or find something else to do. While you're using screens, take a 20-second break every 20 minutes to look at something 20 feet away (the "20-20-20" rule). If your eyes get dry when you look at screens for a long time, use eye drops.
1.What do people often think of blue light
A.It is magical and rare. B.It is the most part of sunlight.
C.It is harmful to people's skin. D.It is a factor affecting people's sleep.
2.What can we infer from the studies in Paragraph 2
A.Mice can see clearly in the dark.
B.Human eyes actually absorb blue light well.
C.Blue light does not seriously harm people's eyes.
D.Human eyes need extra protection against blue light.
3.What can we know about blue light-blocking products according to Yuhas
A.They block a little blue light. B.People should buy a better one.
C.They are highly thought of by experts. D.Most can prevent plenty of harmful lights.
4.What could be the best title for the text
A.What Will Blue Light Affect Actually B.Is Blue Light Really from Screens
C.Does Blue Light Affect People's Health D.Why Does Blue Light Make Sleeping Hard
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When it comes to the benefit of volunteering, a lot of people think it's all about the warm feeling after helping someone. ①_____ As is known, charity work requires a wide variety of people to do a wide variety of things for everything to work. It means that there are some surprising benefits for volunteers. For example, volunteering:
Teaches you new skills
From helping making websites to teaching immigrant kids your native language, or to arranging events for charity, volunteering can really be almost anything. It means that when you get involved in charity work, a lot of the time you will face challenges. ②_____
Can teach you what truly matters
It's a great way to find new perspectives(角度) on life. When you've been at it for a while, you just might find yourself re-evaluating your advantages. ③_____ One of my friends went from wanting to be a lawyer to discovering a true passion for teaching.
④_____
Maybe it's not so surprising, but what might surprise you is how genuine these friends are. Some of my long-term friends are people I've met through volunteering. I'm not the kind of guy that makes friends purely for connections, but sometimes it's very convenient to have a broad network.
Summed up in one line: Volunteering helps you grow. ⑤_____ You meet a very wide variety of people you don't have a lot in common with. You learn to get along with people involved in many different walks in life. You learn to know what you are to do. So if you've ever considered volunteering, what are you waiting for
A. Helps you make new friends
B. Can help improve social skills
C. You might even decide on a completely new path to take in life.
D. As it turns out, that's far from the only benefit.
E. Volunteering helps you look outside yourself and your problems.
F. Through overcoming the challenges, you learn completely new skills.
G. Not only as a person, but it helps you develop your skill set as well.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
After the earthquake hit Japan on March 11, many touching stories happened around me.
I had to walk home since all the 1 had stopped after the quake. On my way home I 2 an old lady at the bakery shop, giving out free bread, which made my heart 3 . A middle-aged man was holding a sign that said, "Please use our toilet." He was 4 his house for people to go to the restroom.
My friend wanted to 5 others. He stood in the cold with a sign "If you are okay with a motorcycle, I will 6 you to your house." Then I saw him take one gentleman far away home!
The next day I drove to fill my car with gas. There was a 7 of gas and many gasoline stations were either closed or had very 8 lines. I got worried, behind 15 cars. Finally, when it was my 9 , the man smiled and said, "Due to this situation, we are only giving $ 30 worth of gas per person. Is that all right " "Of course, I'm just glad that we are all able to 10 ," I said.
I saw a man at the evacuation(疏散) centre 11 when people brought food to him, the first time in three days that food had been brought to their centre. However, after he wiped the tears, his next 12 surprised me. "I am very 13 that we are provided with food. But people in the city next to us haven't 14 any food at all. Please go to that centre as well." And when hearing that, I realised there is a bright future on the other side of this 15 .
1. A. traffic B. rescue C. communication D. business
2. A. missed B. caught C. noticed D. heard
3. A. hungry B. soft C. broken D. warm
4. A. advertising B. opening C. repairing D. decorating
5. A. encourage B. save C. charge D. assist
6. A. drive B. follow C. lead D. send
7. A. plenty B. lack C. variety D. diversity
8. A. direct B. straight C. long D. short
9. A. time B. turn C. duty D. decision
10. A. share B. offer C. tolerate D. transform
11. A. waiting B. grabbing C. sleeping D. crying
12. A. promises B. roles C. actions D. remarks
13. A. upset B. grateful C. surprised D. proud
14. A. bought B. supplied C. prepared D. received
15. A. city B. centre C. lesson D. disaster
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Years ago I wrote an article about volunteering. I hoped to see more students do volunteer work, whether it's to help ①_____(education) poor children, visit sick old people in the hospital, ②_____ anything else that involved giving time to make our society ③_____ (good). Many people who read the article ④_____ (write) back to tell me about ⑤_____ (they) own volunteer work. I also get e-mails from students asking for advice ⑥_____ how to set up programmes. "Teach for America" is an example of ⑦_____ a very determined person can ⑧_____ (large) make a difference in the lives of others. In this programme students volunteer to go to the poorest schools to help teach young students. They are ⑨_____ (pay) just enough money to live. It seems to be a wonderful programme ⑩_____ it helps bring successful young people to educate the poorest children. And it teaches these university students about some problems in America.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假如你是李华,学校最近要组织一次英语演讲比赛,主题为“垃圾分类益处多”。请你根据此话题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下:
1. 你的观点;
2. 你的建议。
参考词汇:垃圾分类garbage classification
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alexis Vaughan, 17, sat quietly in the passenger seat of her dad's car. She stared out the window at the cornfields in Idaho.
Alexis, a high school student, let her eyes lazily scan the landscape of wildlife. Still, she was terrified when a deer came into view about 200 yards in front of them, just a few feet off the road. "Dad, there's a deer, there!" Alexis said, rolling down the window for a better look. It was a three-point buck(雄鹿)—a male deer with sharp, three-pronged antlers on each side of its head.
As the car moved closer, Alexis saw that the buck's head was bent toward the ground. Then she heard a scream. A few seconds later, she saw an arm fly up near the buck's head. Alexis realized the buck was attacking a woman. Sue Panter, a 44-year-old mother, had been out for her morning run. The buck had come out from the tall com and began following her. Having lived in rural Idaho for years, Sue knew that most bucks got frightened by humans. But this buck edged closer, even when she threw at it with a handful of gravel(石子).
Sue went to pick up a log to use for self-defense, and the buck charged. It lifted her with its antlers and threw her into the air. Sue could feel the horns punctured(刺穿) her leg and blood flowed down her leg. Within seconds, the buck had pushed her off the road and into the cornfield.
When Alexis and her father pulled up, the buck was rolling Sue like a rag doll. Alexis looked into the woman's terrified eyes, and before her father had even stopped the car, the 104-pound teenager jumped quickly out of the car and down the slope(斜坡) toward the buck. She was kicking and hitting it to get its attention. Then Michael, her father, who had followed his daughter, wrestled the buck away from the woman by holding the antlers.
Paragraph 1:
Alexis helped Sue up the slope. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Then she heard her father yell. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.ADC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一部分中的"in which an origami artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio"可知,它与一种艺术有关。
2.细节理解题。根据文章The Audience部分中的"Stephen Daldry directs"可知,The Audience的导演是Stephen Daldry,故D项正确。
3.细节理解题。根据文章Hamiltion部分中的"in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story"可知,该戏剧是和美国的诞生有关的,所以,如果你对美国历史感兴趣,就应该去看这出戏剧。
B
答案：1-4.CDAC
解析：1.考查词义猜测。根据上文中的 "This can lead to many problems" 以及下文中的 "Sharing music online without permission is theft" 可知,人们未经音乐家的允许在网上分享音乐会导致许多问题,而这种做法本身就是盗窃,由此可以推断出画线短语所在句的意思是音乐公司现在正在严厉打击这种做法。crack down on “严厉打击”。故C项符合题意。
2.考查细节理解。根据本段内容尤其是 "While he may have legally paid for the music, he does not have the right to share it without permission, which means people like the blogger are thieves" 可知,即使他合法购买了该音乐,但是未经允许就将其分享的话,像他一样的人会被称为窃贼。故选D。
3.考查细节理解。根据第二段的内容尤其是最后一句 "Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, but the reality is that sharing hurts business for all companies involved" 可知,没有经过允许就在线分享音乐会影响到很多人的利益,故选A。
4.考查观点态度。由最后一段中的 "Therefore, if people want to continue listening to their favorite artists, they need to buy their music so that artists will make enough profits to continue their music careers" 可知,如果人们想继续听到他们最喜欢的艺术家(的音乐),他们需要购买他们的音乐,以便艺术家获得足够的收益以继续他们的音乐事业。由此可以看出作者对音乐盗版持不赞同的态度。故选C。
C
答案：1-4.DACD
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段的内容尤其是第二句话可知,成年人建议在学校课程中增加"生活技能"是为学生未来的工作做准备。故D选项正确。
2.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"You could argue that these are things people should be learning themselves... their ways of living"可推知,虽然一些人有不同的意见,但Selwyn教授认为这些建议是合理的。故A选项正确。reasonable"合理的";ridiculous"荒谬的";interesting"有趣的";impractical"不现实的"。
3.考查段落大意。根据第三段中的"One respondent(调查对象) said schools should..."及"Another respondent called for students..."可知,第三段集中阐述被调查者的不同观点。故C选项正确。
4.考查主旨大意。通读全文尤其是根据文章首段可知,本文主要介绍了澳大利亚成年人普遍支持将"生活技能"纳入学校课程,为学生未来的工作做准备的事情。故D选项正确。
D
答案：1-4.DCAC
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段的第一句"People often think that blue light before bedtime can make it harder to sleep" 以及最后一句"But if you focus on blue light as a major problem affecting your sleep or your eye health, it's time to look at it from another aspect"可知,人们通常认为蓝光是影响睡眠或眼部健康的主要原因。故选D。
2.考查推理判断。根据第二段的最后两句可知,蓝光会对老鼠的眼睛造成伤害,而老鼠的眼睛不同于人类的眼睛,实际上人类的眼睛能够很好地阻挡蓝光。故可以推断出C项符合题意。
3.考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容尤其是 "These products do not block out much blue light" 可知,Yuhas认为这些防蓝光产品并不会阻挡太多蓝光。故选A。
4.考查主旨大意。通读全文可知,文章开头以“人们通常认为睡前接触蓝光会影响睡眠状况”引人话题,进而论证蓝光是否会损害人的眼部健康以及影响人的睡眠的问题。故选C。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ DFCAG
解析：①分析上文“When it comes to the benefit of volunteering, a lot of people think it's all about the warm feeling after helping someone.”和下文“It means that there are some surprising benefits for volunteers. For example, volunteering”可知，做志愿者的好处有很多，远远不止这一个好处，故D项合理。
②根据上文“It means that when you get involved in charity work, a lot of the time you will face challenges.(这就意味着你参与慈善活动时会遇到挑战)”可知，只有通过克服这样的挑战，你才能学会全新的技能，故本题F项正确。
③根据上文“When you've been at it for a while, you just might find yourself re-evaluating your advantages.(当你做了一段时间的志愿者后，你会发现你会重新评估自己的优势)”可知，这样你甚至可能决定在生活中选择完全不同的道路，故本题C项正确。
④根据下文“Maybe it's not so surprising, but what might surprise you is how genuine these friends are.(这一点也许不会让你惊讶，但是让你惊讶的可能是这些朋友如此真诚)”可知，做志愿者的好处的这一条应该是“帮助你交新朋友”，选A项。
⑤上文“Summed up in one line: Volunteering helps you grow.”涉及成长，选项中涉及“帮助你成长”的是G项“做志愿者不仅让你在各方面成长，而且还能让你在技能方面进步”，故选G项。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 ACDBD 6-10 ABCBA 11-15 DDBDD
解析：1.地震之后，所有车辆都停运了，因此“我”只好走回家。四个选项中只有traffic与walk home有关。
2.在步行回家的路上，“我”注意到面包店门口有个老太太在向行人免费发放面包。这里用noticed表示“注意到”。miss“错过”; catch“抓住”; hear“听到”。
3.与文章开头的“touching stories”呼应，本题应选D项，表示在三月寒冷的天气里，这幕情景温暖了“我”的心。hungry“饥饿的”; soft“温柔的”; broken “破碎的”。
4.他打开自己家的门，允许人们使用他家的厕所。这里用opening表示“打开，开放”。advertise“做广告”; repair“修理”; decorate“装饰”。
5.“我”的一个朋友也想帮助别人，于是他站在寒风中举着个牌子。根据语境判断本空选D项，表示“帮助”。
6.牌子上写着“假如你愿意坐摩托车，那么我愿意驾车送你回家”。这里drive表示“开车送某人”。follow“跟随”; lead“领导”; send“派遣，派送”。
7.由后面的“many gasoline stations were either dosed...”判断选B项，此时由于地震，汽油短缺。lack“缺乏”符合语境。
8.很多加油站要么关闭，要么排着长长的等待加油的队伍。
9.终于轮到“我”了。it was my turn“轮到我了”。
10.加油站的油不多，大家只能分享这有限的油。故选A项“分享”。
11.由下文的“他擦掉泪水”判断本空选D项。在这个疏散中心，当人们给这个人送来食物的时候，他感激地哭了。
12.动词辨析。promise“许诺”； role“角色”； action“行动”; remark“话语”。此处指他接下来的一番话使“我”感到诧异，因此选D项。
13.人们给他送来食物，此时这个人内心充满感激之情，因此选B项。
14.此处是那个人说的话“我们旁边那座城市的人们还没有得到过任何食物”。因此选D项，表示“得到，收到”。
15.在这场灾难中，从这些人身上，“我”看到的是光明的未来。这里选D项，指这次地震。
第二节
答案： educate; or; better; wrote; their; on/ about; how; largely; paid; because
解析：①本空后面是名词，故本空应该用动词形式。
②固定搭配： whether…or…“无论……还是……”，表示让步。
③理解句意可知，这里指的是让我们的社会变得更好，故用比较级。
④作者回忆过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
⑤修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。
⑥名词和介词的固定搭配， advice on/ about sth.。
⑦理解句意可知，“Teach for America”就是一个例子，一个坚定的人如何改变别人的生活，故用连词how引导宾语从句。
⑧修饰动词用副词。
⑨理解句意可知，句子的主语they就是指上文的students，他们应该是被付给足够的钱，故用被动语态。
⑩这个项目之所以是一个出色的项目，是因为该项目有助于带着那些成功的年轻人去教育最贫困的孩子们，可见上下文是因果关系。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Hello, everyone! I'm glad to have this chance to share some ideas about garbage classification with you.
In my understanding, the earth is home to every individual, and it's our duty to protect the environment voluntarily. By sorting the waste, we can not only reduce pollution but also conserve energy, which will pave the way for the recycling of valuable resources.
For the sake of our environment and life, we are expected to learn to sort the rubbish and make it a habit. Every individual can make a difference and let's bring a brighter future for the planet!
Thank you!
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
Alexis helped Sue up the slope. With all her strength, she immediately seated her into their car, and then applied a clean towel from her bag to Sue's right leg tightly, which would help to stop its bleeding. Sue was covered with wounds from head to toe and she was in rags because of the severe attacks. Apparently Sue was too shocked by the accident to let out a word. Alexis talked softly to comfort the terrified woman and thought about how to help her father.
Paragraph 2:
Then she heard her father yell. Michael had been knocked to the ground, his right leg punctured by the buck. Alexis grabbed a hammer from the car and ran to where Michael lay on his back in the dirt. She beat the buck's head and neck, but the blows didn't work. Standing beside her father, Alexis could see that he was struggling to breathe. Turning the hammer around, Alexis shut her eyes and hit the buck's neck. When she opened her eyes, the buck was running away. Alexis got in the driver's seat and sped toward the hospital.
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