Unit6 Starting out and Understanding ideas 能力提升练
一、阅读理解
（2021广西南宁三中高一上期中）
Italy adopted a new law to cut down food waste-the second such law in Europe, joining France's. So what's the United States doing with the 30 percent of its food that is simply thrown away Italy's Senate gave final approval（批准）to encourage businesses, shops and restaurants to donate their unused food to charities. That's a practice that historically hasn't been a part of Italian culture. Italy discards more than 17 percent of its food every year.
Calling Italy's level of food waste unacceptable, Agriculture Minister Maurizio Martina told the newspaper La Repubblica, "With this law, we get closer and closer to the aim of recovering a milliontons of food and giving it to those who need it." The U. S. Agriculture Department's Economic Research Service says that more than 30 percent of the U. S. food supply is wasted-133 billion pounds of it every year, equal to $161 billion. "In a world full of hunger and changeable food prices, these statistics（计数字）are more than just appalling, " according to the North American office of the U. N. Environment Program. "More surprisingly, most of the waste food is completely healthy food that could have helped feed poor families, " the Agriculture Department says.
Several efforts are under way in some departments. The Agriculture Department and the Environmental Protection Agency, for example, set a goal last year of cutting what they called "food loss" in half by 2030. The idea is to improve product development, storage, marketing and cooking methods and recycle food waste to feed animals.
Meanwhile, legislation（立法）in both houses of Congress aims at reducing food waste and pays more attention to educating buyers on what different labels（标签）really mean so that they don't throw & away perfectly good food. Research by the Harvard Food Law and Policy Clinic found that 45 percent of all food waste happens in the home, for buyers' confusion over the importance of date labels-which aren't based on any science and aren't controlled by the government.
1. What does Maurizio Martina think of Italy's level of food waste
A. It has become very serious.
B. It is not as serious as America's.
C. It has been successfully controlled in recent years.
D. It is the most serious among all European countries.
2. What does the underlined word "appalling" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A. Interesting.
B. Exciting.
C. Encouraging.
D. Shocking.
3. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Most food waste happens in restaurants.
B. Some buyers don't get into the habit of saving food.
C. It is the government's duty to control the food waste.
D. Some buyers don't realize the importance of the date labels.
B
My sister Alice and I have been trying to get people to stop dropping cigarette butts（烟头）for seven years. One day, when we were walking in our hometown, we saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground. They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people stop dropping butts. We called it "No Butts About It"
At first, we drew pictures with "The Earth is not your ashtray（烟灰缸）" written on them. We put up the pictures around our hometown-in parks, by beaches, and along roads. We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment. Most smokers don't think that dropping butts damages the Earth. But it does, and all rubbish does!
Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money to buy ashtrays and gave them to smokers. We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn't have to drop butts.
At the moment, we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes. Some companies want to do it. Many people have started to join our group since it began. Today there are 45 other "No Butts About It" groups in America.
Now there are even groups in England, Australia, and India! Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for what we do. But we are not interested in prizes. We just devote ourselves to making the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals, plants and people.
One day, it will be.
4. What did the writer think about the cigarette butts in the first place
A. They made the town smelly.
B. They made the town unhealthy.
C. They made the town dirty.
D. They made the town poor.
5. What does the writer do with the cigarette butts
A. Give ashtrays to the smokers.
B. Stop people buying cigarettes.
C. Pick up the cigarette butts.
D. Win prizes for starting groups.
6. From the passage we can know that ________.
A. no companies wanted to give money to them
B. the writer believes that the Earth will be a better and cleaner place
C. there are only 45 "No Butts About It" groups
D. the writer likes to be on newspapers and win prizes
7. Which is the best title of the passage
A. Save our town from cigarette butts
B. Buy yourself an ashtray
C. Cigarette butts also destroy other countries
D. No butts prize
二、七选五
（2020山东德州高一上期末）
China has made great improvements in environmental protection during the past 70 years. 1 Each species on Earth has a role to play in the ecosystem.
In recent decades, a series of wildlife-protection campaigns have been carried out by the central government. 2 The giant panda and the crested ibis are among these success stories.
The giant panda used to have a population of 1,114 in the 1970s. It now totals 1,864 thanks to 52 protection areas. 3 By the end of last year, seven of the nine pandas released had survived in the wild. 4 In 1981, only seven crested ibises were found in Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province. Since then, breeding programs have helped the population reach 2,000. China has even sent crested ibises to Japan and South Korea in recent years, to help with the species survival.
5 Key projects will be continually carried out to improve protection, including making the lists of wild animals and plants under state protection, and fighting against illegal wildlife trade, which includes ivory（象牙）.
A. Another species was once thought to be extinct.
B. Protecting wildlife is, without doubt, an important part.
C. China will continue its efforts at the wildlife protection.
D. People call for immediate protection of the remaining species.
E. Scientists have worked to feed pandas and then release them into the wild.
F. As environmental damage has increased, signs of change have appeared around the world.
G. Several species in danger of extinction have made impressive progress due to the methods.
1. ________2. ________3. ________4. ________5. ________
参考答案：
一、阅读理解
A
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章从意大利立法控制食物浪费的做法说起，报道了其他国家各部门对于食物浪费的看法和做法。
1.A推理判断题。根据文章第二段中Calling Italy's level of food waste unacceptable, Agriculture Minister Maurizio Martina told the newspaper La Repubblica, "With this law, we get closer and closer to the aim of recovering a million tons of food and giving it to those who need it."（农业部长Maurizio Martina称意大利的食物浪费水平令人无法接受，他对《共和报》说：“有了这项法律，我们离收回100万吨食物并将其提供给有需要的人的目标越来越近。”）可知，Maurizio Martina认为意大利的粮食浪费的现象很严重。故选A项。文中说明了意大利食物浪费的严重性，但没有和欧洲的其他国家以及美国进行对比，故B项和D项不选，C项在文中无相关信息。
2.D词义猜测题。根据画线词前提及的数据以及下文“More surprisingly, most of the waste food is completely healthy food that could have helped feed poor families, "the Agriculture Department says.（农业部说：“更令人惊讶的是，大部分被浪费的食物都是完全健康的食物，这些食物本可以帮助养活贫困家庭。”）可推断，此处的“appalling”应是“令人震惊的”的意思。故选D项。A项“有趣的”，B项“令人兴奋的”和C项“鼓舞人心的”均不符合题意。
3.D推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知哈佛食品法律和政策诊所研究发现，45%的食物浪费发生在家里，因为购买者对日期标签的重要性感到困惑一这没有任何科学依据，也不受政府的控制。由此可推断，一些消费者不知道食物有效期也是造成浪费的重要原因。故选D项。A项“大部分食物浪费发生在餐馆”与文意不符：B项“一些购买者没有养成节约食物的习惯”在文中没有相关信息：C项“控制食品浪费是政府的责任”的表述过于片面，故不选。
B
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者与姐姐两个人为了不让人们乱扔烟头而发起了一个组织，并积极向公司寻求帮助。在过去几年里她们的组织给美国，甚至其他国家带来了影响，她们也因此获得奖项。她们只希望地球环境变得更好。
4.C细节理解题。根据第一段中They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people stop dropping butts.可知，她们成立该组织的最初原因是：烟头让城镇变得非常难看。C项符合以上说法。A、B、D三项在文中
均未提及。
5.A细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者与姐姐找公司赞助买了烟灰缸给那些抽烟的人，故选A项。B、C两项在文中均未提及，D项“因为创办组织赢得奖项”是不乱扔烟头的活动带来的影响，不符合题意，故不选。
6.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中We just devote ourselves to making the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals, plants and people.和最后一段One day, it will be.可以推测出，作者相信地球终有一天会变得更好、更干净。B项符合题意。根据第三段第一、二句可知，一些公司给了她们金钱上的赞助，她们才能买烟灰缸给吸烟者，故A项“没有公司愿意给她们钱”的表述不正确。根据第四段最后一句Today there are 45 other "No Butts About It" groups in America.和倒数第二段Now there are even groups in England, Australia, and India! 可知，组织的个数应该不仅仅有45个，故C项不选。根据倒数第二段中But we are not interested in prizes.可知，她们对奖项不感兴趣，故D项不正确。
7.A主旨大意题。根据第一段中They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people stop dropping butts. We called it "No Butts About It".可知，本文主要讲述了作者和她的姐姐一直设法呼吁人们不要乱扔烟头。故A项可以作为标题概括全文。
二、七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的70年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了很大的进步，其中保护野生动物无疑是重要的一环。
1.B根据上句China has made great improvements in environmental protection during the past 70 years.可知，在过去的70年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了很大的进步。根据下句Each species s on Earth has a role to play in the ecosystem.可知，地球上的每一个物种都在生态系统中起着作用。所以保护野生动物无疑是重要的一个环节。故选B。
2.G根据上句In recent decades, a series of wildlife-protection campaigns have been carried out by the central government.知，近几十年来，中央政府开展了一系列的野生动物保护运动。所以一些濒临灭绝的物种的保护由于采取了这些措施而
取得了令人瞩目的进展。故选G。下文的The giant panda and the crested ibis也是提示。
3.E根据下句By the end of last year, seven of the nine pandas released had survived in the wild.可知，到去年年底，放归的g只大熊猫中有7只在野外存活。所以科学家们一直致力于喂养大熊猫，然后将它们放归野外。故选E。
4.A根据下文可知，1981年，在陕西省的洋县，只发现了七只朱鹮。而近年来，中国甚至将朱鹮送往日本和韩国，以帮助该物种的生存。所以A项“另一个物种曾经被认为要灭绝了”。符合语境。
5.C根据下文可知，继续实施重点保护工程，包括制定国家保护野生动植物名录，打击包括象牙在内的非法野生动物贸易。所以中国将继续加强野生动物保护。故选C。
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