【备战2023高考英语】全国乙卷真题变式：02 阅读理解·人物故事类
一、真题
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解的
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."
1．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A．To teach in a school. B．To study American history.
C．To write a book. D．To do sightseeing.
2．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships.
3．Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising
A．The extreme climate of Auburn.
B．The living conditions in Elkhead.
C．The railroad building in the Rockies.
D．The natural beauty of the West.
4．What is the text
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
二、变式题
（2022高三上·武功月考）阅读理解
One of the greatest contributors to the first
Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford
University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was
to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It
would include every English word possible and would give not only the
definition but also the history of the word and quotations showing how it was
used.
This was a huge task, so Murray had to find
volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search
every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of
volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an
American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England.
He gave his address as "Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire, "50 miles
from Oxford.
Minor joined the army of volunteers sending
words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the
staff's most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery. In spite of many
invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray
finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found
Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally
Insane.
Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their
love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more
than 10, 000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor
regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds. In 1910,
Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the
port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.
Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first
edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined
414, 825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly
and devoted asylum patient.
5．According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary
A．came out before Minor died
B．was edited by an American volunteer
C．included the English words invented by Murray
D．was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary
6．How did Dr. Minor contribute to the dictionary
A．He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers.
B．He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.
C．He provided a great number of words and quotations.
D．He went to England to work with Murray.
7．Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford
A．He was shut in an asylum. B．He disliked traveling.
C．He was busy writing a book. D．He lived far from Oxford.
8．Which of the following best describes Dr. Minor
A．Cautious and friendly. B．Unusual and scholarly.
C．Friendly and determined. D．Considerate and optimistic.
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old
nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his
passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried
to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. "In the
beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house," says Doogue. "When
I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors
and got treatment, but I know that I needed something more and that's when I started
photography. "
Now a dad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through
a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the
lifeline he needed. It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress.
And his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against
brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. "I ended up as
one of their featured photographers," recalled Doogue. "It was the peak
of my career. It was incredible. "
Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale,
West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic
of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help
others to cope with their mental health issues as well. "I think the problem
is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure
on young males to be fine all the time," says Doogue. "This is why I try
and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don't
think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can
lose yourself in a spider making its web. "
9．What does the underlined phrase "hit rock bottom" in paragraph 1 mean
A．Be in the worst possible situation.
B．Reach the bottom of a valley.
C．Crash into the lowest part of a rock.
D．Launch an attack on the rock bottom.
10．How did photography benefit Doogue
A．It gave him a new way to express himself.
B．It helped him to escape from pressure.
C．It provided him with life-saving skills.
D．It offered him an opportunity to explore nature.
11．What caused Scottish men to develop mental health problems
A．The way men employ to solve problems.
B．The lack of love for men's life and work.
C．The worry that men get separated from people.
D．The belief that men are expected to be strong.
12．What is the main purpose of the author in writing the text
A．To warn the severity of mental problems.
B．To show the benefits of nature photography.
C．To advise readers to get close to nature.
D．To introduce Doogue's fighting against depression.
（2022高三上·赣州期中）阅读理解
Edward O. Wilson who died on Dec. 26, 2021
at the age of 92, was an extraordinary scholar in every sense of the word. By the time I met
him in 1982, he'd made great contributions to science. For example, he
discovered the chemical means by which ants
communicate. He worked out the importance of the habitat size and position in
protecting animals.
In 1982 I cautiously sat down next to the
great man during a break at a small conference on social insects. He turned, extended his hand
and said, "Hi, I'm Ed Wilson. I don't believe we've met. "Then we
talked until it was time to get back to the
meeting. Three hours later I approached him again. He turned, extended his hand
and said, "Hi, I'm Ed Wilson. I don't believe we've met. "
Wilson forgot me but remained friendly. I
was fresh out of graduate school, while Wilson was already very famous. Yet he didn't
hesitate to extend his hand to me, not once but twice.
My work studying native plants and insects
was inspired by Wilson's descriptions of biodiversity. His 1992book, The
Diversity of Life, became the basis for an eventual tum in my career path. Throughout
his career, Wilson communicated the urgent need to preserve the natural world.
As I see it, the only way to realize Wilson's lifelong wish is to bury the idea that humans are here and nature is
someplace else. Providing a practical plan for protecting the earth has been my goal for the last 20 years, and I'm
honored that it mixes with Wilson's thought.
13．When did the author meet Wilson for the first time
A．When the author was doing business.
B．When the author was in graduate school.
C．When the author attended a small conference.
D．When the author was studying native plants.
14．What did the author probably think of Wilson after they met
A．Clever. B．Determined. C．Creative. D．Kind.
15．What do we know about the author
A．He regularly had discussions with Wilson.
B．His research was influenced by Wilson.
C．He wrote a book under the guidance of Wilson.
D．His opinion about nature was different from Wilson's.
16．What does the author think the way to realize Wilson's lifelong wish is
A．Staying away from nature.
B．Learning about all kinds of animals.
C．Conducting future research.
D．Learning to coexist with nature.
（2022·山西模拟）
阅读理解
Pasang Lhamu Sherpa
Akita is an elite(精英)climber and has
climbed Mount Qomolangma and Chogori (the second highest mount in the world). In
2016, she was chosen as Nation-al Geographic's Adventurer of the Year. Since
the birth of her son, her climbing has taken a back seat, but she would like to
set out to inspire him.
Pasang is a skilled
climber, having climbed Mount Qomolangma and Chogori. But to get there she had
to overcome unbelievable adversity, as in Sherpa culture climbing is viewed as
amole activity. People would say she shouldn't be with men and climb that rock.
Then when she had her
first child, Ei-chan Nurbu, she faced fresh challenges because she was cxpcctcd
to stay at home and look after him as this was viewed as the mother's
responsi-bility. It's difficult for her to balance(平衡)this with the climbing. But Pasang said that she wanted to inspire
her son and show him that he should follow his dreams, so on his second
birthday, November 14, 2019, she climbed Cholatse—a 6, 440-meter-high
mountain in the Qomolangma region.
Pasang said, "I
learned so many things from my mother. She was single. She raised two kids by
herself. She never went to school. From her, I saw how a woman can be strong. I
have big respect for all the mothers, because the mothers are very strong. They're
always there for their children. They sacrifice (牺牲)their
dreams for children. Everybody should have their dreams. Now, I'm a mother, but
I'm still having my dreams. Everybody has a right to realize their dreams. Most
importantly, want to inspire my son to follow his dreams. "
17．Why did Pasang decide to start another climb in 2019
A．To be an encouragement to her son. B．To make a living by climbing.
C．To share experience with others. D．To find an elite climber.
18．What does the underlined word "adversity"" in paragraph 2 mean
A．Curiosity. B．Forgetfulness. C．Help. D．Hardship.
19．What was Pasang's new challenge after her first child's birth
A．Learning to look after her son at home.
B．Balancing her new role with her dream.
C．Facing competition with men in climbing.
D．Competing with others in the Qomolangma region.
20．What does Pasang's story mainly tell us
A．There is no end to life.
B．Mum is the best in the world.
C．Everyone should stick to his or her dream.
D．It's important to sacrifice dreams for children.
（2022高三上·双鸭山开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A Ghanaian man who once made jewelry from glass is now using old glass to make new art. He hopes to reduce glass waste and help the environment in his country. If glass artist Michael Tetteh can earn some money by doing it, he will be happy, too.
Tetteh learned the art of glass blowing during a visit to Europe in 2012. He went to see people who knew about glass blowing in the Netherlands and France and learned to make many-colored, artistic flower holders or water carriers. Many years later, Tetteh has his own workplace where he melts broken glass from waste centers and turns it into art. He looks for broken glass from old televisions or bottles and melts it down in a large round container known as a kiln(窑). The kiln gets very hot, nearly 1, 500 ℃, and turns the old glass into hot liquid.
Tetteh works in the area called Odumase-Krobo and trains other glass blowers in his shop. He learned how to make his equipment by watching videos on a computer. He said he is trying to follow the designs of well-known American glass artist Dale Chihuly. Over the years, he has gotten better at the work. Now Tetteh's pieces are sold in shops in Ghana and Ivory Coast. Some of his works are also sold in art stores in Europe and the U.S.
“My heart wants to train young Ghanaians, both men and women, so they can learn this job," he said.
If he can teach more people to make art pieces from glass, more people would get benefit from it. Ghana imports about $300 million worth of glass and pottery each year.
21．What does the author want to show by telling Tetteh's story
A．We waste more glass than before.
B．We can make a profit from glass.
C．We pay little attention to the glass.
D．We can turn old glass into art.
22．What did Tetteh do in Europe
A．He learned to make glass art. B．He melted broken glass.
C．He set up his own company. D．He got old televisions.
23．What can we know about Tetteh's works
A．His works are sold around the world.
B．His works are the same as Chihuly's.
C．His works are made by watching videos.
D．His works are getting better.
24．What does Tetteh want to do for young Ghanaians
A．Protect the environment in his country.
B．Reduce the use of glass.
C．Train them to master the skills.
D．Improve their lives by blowing glass.
（2022高三下·吉林模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Since the
age of 5,Laura Lee has had what most would consider an odd habit-she collects
toilet rolls. At that time, she didn't know this habit would eventually become
a nationwide recycling campaign.
In
December 2018, as a 16-year-old student of Nanyang Girls' High School in
Singapore, Lee founded ToiletRollSG, a national project that aims to collect
1,000 kilograms of cardboard cylinders（纸 筒）-or about 150,000 pieces． As of February of
2021, Lee, who was studying at Hwa Chong Institution，
had collected 860 kg of toilet rolls, reported Singapore Today. Slightly later,
she was awarded Singapore's National Environment Agency's Ecofriend Awards,
which recognizes individuals for their contributions to the environment, under
the Youth and Students category.
But why
did she choose toilet rolls "They are convenient to collect and also one
of the purest forms of waste to recycle because they are made of only one material,"
Lee told Singapore Today. "Project must be economically practical too. For
example, it's more difficult to recycle pens because they are made up of too
many different materials like rubber casings （橡胶外壳），metals and plastics which require more resources to separate. "
Lee went
into a partnership with the waste management firm Veolia, which gives her five
cents for every 1 kg of toilet rolls collected.
She
organized "toilet roll challenges" within Nanyang Girls' High School
and worked with cleaners to collect used toilet rolls from school toilets. She
also conducted talks about ToiletRollSG. But due to COVID-19, she has been
unable to conduct physical talks, so she raises awareness about different
social causes through her Instagram Live series called On A Roll.
One of the
biggest challenges Lee has faced has been others doubting her due to her young
age. "I always have to use my actions as well as the different things I've
done to prove that I'm passionate and know about this," she told The
Straits Times.
Lee will
donate the money collected to a social cause that is focused on community
health.
25．Why did Lee found ToiletRollSG
A．To develop some good habits.
B．To be honored by Ecofriend Awards.
C．To recycle toilet cardboard cylinders.
D．To make contributions to her high school.
26．Lee's mention of pens in paragraph 3 is to_____.
A．show toilet rolls are more important
B．prove it difficult to recycle pens
C．illustrate the process of recycling pens
D．explain Lee's opinion on recycling
27．What is the biggest challenge Laura is faced with
A．The failure to conduct talks. B．The ineffective cooperation.
C．The small amount of money. D．The mistrust of others.
28．Which of the following words can best describe Lee
A．Humorous. B．Responsible. C．Emotional. D．Curious.
（2022高三上·包头开学考）阅读理解
Gaelic
had been the major culture in Scotland. But many forces tried to weaken its
power. The final straw came in 1609, when some laws required Highland Scottish
leaders to send their children to English-speaking schools. Naturally, the culture
continued to weaken through the 20th century. Though Gaelic still existed in
some rural areas, a lack of jobs meant young people in Gaelic areas were
leaving for English-speaking cities.
Iain
Noble was a wealthy businessman from Germany. He quickly fell in love with Gaelic
culture when he moved to Scotland. So he set up the college of Sabhal Mòr
Ostaig in 1973 on the Isle of Skye. Today, it has more than 1,000 students and
is officially the National Centre for Gaelic Language and Culture. It is where
the revival of Scotland's Gaelic culture started.
Of
course, the college teaches the language and culture. But the secret to making
such impressive cultural achievements is giving language learners skills in
industries like media and business. The skills allow students to create local
jobs and help make the area known to tourists.
Noble's
wife Lady Lucilla said his eagerness to revive the culture was clear. After
spending much money setting up the college, Noble had to go to great lengths to
find worthwhile teachers. Sometimes he tied hard to find people who had left
Skye, "Iain would invite those whose families were from Skye but who were
working in Aberdeen, in London and further afield," said Lucilla.
"Now
I've seen some cool youngsters who are very proud of their Gaelic, and they are
fascinated by the culture," she said.
One
such youngster is 15-year-old Emily Macdonald. She not only speaks Gaelic
fluently with her friends, but is excited to do so.
"I
feel like we're even more wanting to speak Gaelic, just to keep it alive,
because it is really important to our nation," she said. "And to have
this special language that we can speak to each other in is quite
special."
29．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about
A．The fall of Gaelic. B．The future of Gaelic.
C．The influence of Gaelic. D．The advantages of Gaelic.
30．What is the key to the college's success
A．Having the best Gaelic teachers.
B．Teaching students professional skills.
C．Receiving much government support.
D．Being open to both natives and foreigners.
31．What did Lucilla tell us about Noble
A．He made much money from the college.
B．He traveled a lot to spread Gaelic culture.
C．He spared no effort to do his cultural work.
D．He became world-famous because of his college.
32．What does Emily Macdonald think of Gaelic language
A．It is the pride of their nation.
B．It is hard to learn for youngsters.
C．It has changed a lot over the years.
D．It attracts fewer local young people.
（2022高三上·伊宁月考）阅读理解
As
Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of
little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers
welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever
since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout
her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to
explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the
nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After
taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel
the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it
was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships
going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip
of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she
says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I
just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that
way. "
In
March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to
begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to
witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember
the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some
prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear
the operatic sounds it was making underwater. "
The
realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of
the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
33．Which of the following best explains "take the plunge" underlined in paragraph 2
A．Try challenging things. B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories. D．Stick to a promise.
34．What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A．Lovely penguins. B．Beautiful scenery.
C．A discount fare. D．A friend's invitation.
35．What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A．It could be a home for her. B．It should be easily accessible.
C．It should be well preserved. D．It needs to be fully introduced.
36．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream. B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world. D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
37．（2019·银川模拟）阅读短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Fabien Cousteau was born
with deep love for the ocean. His grandfather and his father were ocean
explorers and documentary filmmakers. Fabien spent his early years on his
grandfather's ships. Today Fabien follows in his family's footsteps to protect
the planet's endangered ocean life. With his vast knowledge and experience, he
tries to strike a balance between environmental problems and market economies.
Fabien is well known for his study of
sharks. During 2000-2002, he created a TV special called Attack of the Mystery
Shark based on the shark attacks that occurred along the New Jersey shoreline
in the summer of 1916. Then in 2003-2006, with the help of a large crew, Fabien
created a shark submarine (潜艇) that enabled him to put
himself inside the shark world, providing people with a rare view of the mysterious
and often misunderstood creatures.
For the next four years (2006-2010), Fabien
was part of a series called, Ocean Adventures, which offered a rare look into
some of the most fantastic ocean species (物种) and environments.
In 2010, Fabien started Plant A Fish, a
nonprofit project for children to help restore local water ecosystems by
replanting key ocean species. Save the world, one fish at a time. The project
is still in progress now and its final goal is to plant 1 billion "fish"
worldwide.
From June 1 to July 2, 2014, Fabien and his
team spent 31 days underwater to research how climate change and pollution are
affecting the oceans. Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground by going deeper,
longer and further, exposing (显露) the world to the
adventure and the mystique (神秘) of what lies beneath.
Fabien is currently working on a
documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as building an
Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity
to learn about oceans and engage with ocean explorers directly through social
media.
（1）What is Not Fabien's job
A．Ocean explorer B．Documentary filmmaker
C．Environmentalist D．Media manager
（2）How is Paragraph 2 developed
A．By providing facts. B．By offering analyses.
C．By making comparisons. D．By drawing conclusions.
（3）We can learn from the text that ________.
A．Fabien's "Plant A Fish" project has already achieved its final goal
B．Fabien's Mission 31 broke the records of former ocean explorations
C．Fabien's TV special about sharks is based on his childhood experiences
D．It took Fabien four years to produce Ocean Adventures all on his own
（4）In which part of a website can we read the text
A．Modern Technology. B．Space Exploration.
C．Outstanding Figures. D．Fantastic Wildlife.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．D
3．C
4．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇书评，介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇书评，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. ”1916年，来自Auburn, N.Y.的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A。
2．考查推理判断。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.”他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪；以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.”在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D。
3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.”令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C。
4．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.”这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到Auburn结束；以及最后一段中的“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.”Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。可知，本文介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以说文本是一篇书评。故选B。
【答案】5．D
6．C
7．A
8．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了其重要的贡献者Dr. Minor的故事。对该词典有着杰出贡献体现了他博学多才的一方面，而当James Murray教授亲自去拜访时，却发现他不同寻常的一面，他被关在疯人院里。尽管如此，对于文字的热爱，使得他们成为挚友。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations showing how it was used.”1879年，英国牛津大学邀请James Murray教授担任编辑，编撰了一部英语语言史上最有抱负的词典。它会包括所有可能的英语单词，不仅会给出单词的定义，还会给出单词的历史和引语，说明它是如何使用的。可知，这一部牛津词典会包括所有可能的英语单词，不仅会给出单词的定义，还会给出单词的历史和引语，说明它是如何使用的，是英语语言史上最有抱负的一部词典。故选D。
6．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff's most valued contributors.” Minor加入了志愿者大军，给Murray送去了文字和语录。在接下来的17年里，他成为了员工中最有价值的贡献者之一。可知，Minor作为词典编撰志愿者之一，在17年里贡献了大量的文字和语录。故选C。
7．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally Insane.”尽管有许多邀请，他总是拒绝参观牛津。因此，1897年，Murray最终决定亲自前往克罗索恩。当他到达时，他发现Minor被锁在Broadmoor疯人院的一间满是书的牢房里。可知，当Murray亲自前往克罗索恩拜访时，发现Minor被锁在疯人院里。可推知，Minor拒绝前往牛津是因为自己被锁在疯人院了。故选A。
8．考查推理判断。根据第三段“Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff's most valued contributors.”Minor加入了志愿军，向Murray发送文字和语录。在接下来的17年里，他成为了志愿者中最有价值的贡献者之一。可知，他对于词典的编撰做出了杰出的贡献，从学术方面来说，他是一个博学的人；以及第四段中的“When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally Insane.”当他到达时，他发现Minor被锁在Broadmoor疯人院的一间满是书的牢房里。则提及他被锁在疯人院里，是一个“不正常”的人。“Unusual and scholarly.”不同寻常的和博学的)”描述了他的特点。故选B。
【答案】9．A
10．B
11．D
12．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了自然摄影师Matt Doogue通过拍摄挽救了抑郁的自己，并通过分享他的作品和经历，鼓励和帮助更多患有心理健康疾病的人。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"‘In the beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house,’ says Doogue. ‘When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I know that I needed something more and that's when I started photography. ’""一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，"道格说。"当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。"可知，划线词所在句子意思是：他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。可推知，"hit rock bottom"表示"处于最坏的情况"。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. ”它有镇静作用，帮助他从压力中解脱出来；他的这些惊人的照片，在色彩鲜艳的背景下，以惊人的细节展示了昆虫和蜘蛛，引起了《国家地理》杂志出版商的注意。可知，Doogue通过自然摄影，帮助自己摆脱压力。故选B。
11．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. ‘I think the problem is this man-up approach； the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,’ says Doogue. ”尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。"我认为问题在于这种男性化的方式；男性需要强壮的观念给年轻男性施加了很大的压力，让他们一直保持健康，"道格说。可推断，男人被期待变强大和坚强的想法给苏格兰的年轻男性很大压力，导致他们患有心理健康疾病。故选D。
12．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. ‘In the beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house, 'says Doogue.‘When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that's when I started photography. ’"34岁的马特·道格是一名自然摄影师，当他第一次发现自己对拍摄昆虫的热情时，他一直患有抑郁症，他的作品现在已经登上了《国家地理》杂志。他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。"一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，"道格说。"当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。"；以及第三段中的"Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. ”尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是：介绍Doogue抵抗抑郁症的经历，并希望通过分享他的经历帮助更多有心理健康疾病的人。故选D。
【答案】13．C
14．D
15．B
16．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者曾在研究生毕业后与著名生物学家Edward O. Wilson有过交谈，之后作者受到Wil-son的作品的启发，坚定了自己的科研方向和目标。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
13．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"In 1982 I cautiously sat down next to the great man during a break at a small conference on social insects. "1982年，我在一次关于社交昆虫的小型会议上休息时，小心翼翼地坐在这位伟人旁边。故选C，
14．考查推理判断。根据第三段" Wilson forgot me but remalined Iriendly, I was fresh out of graduate school, while Wil-son was already very famous. Yet he didn't hesitate to extead /his hand to me, prol once but twice. "威尔逊把我忘了，但我还是重新做人了。我刚从研究生院毕业，而威尔森已经很有名了。然而，他毫不犹豫地向我伸出了手，一次两次。可推断作者会认为他很友善。故选D。
15．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“My work studying native plants and insects was inspired by Wilson's descriptions of biodiversity. His 1992book, The Diversity of Life, became the basis for an eventual tum in my career path. ”我研究本地植物和昆虫的工作灵感来自威尔逊对生物多样性的描述。他1992年出版的《生活的多样性》一书成为了我职业生涯最终转折的基础。可知，作者对本土植物和昆虫的研究受到了Wilson对生物多样性的描述的启发。所以说，作者的研究工作受到了Wilson的影响。故选B。
16．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"As I see it, the only way to realize Wilson's lifelong wish is to bury the idea that humans are here and nature is someplace else. "可知， 作者认为， 实现Wilson毕生愿望的唯一途径就是摒弃"人类在这里，而自然在别处"的观念。可推知，实现Wilson毕生愿望的方法就是要学会与自然共存。故选D。
【答案】17．A
18．D
19．B
20．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，通过讲述精英攀岩者帕桑在生育孩子之后仍然坚持自己梦想的故事告诉我们每个人都应该坚持自己的梦想。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
17．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“But Pasang said that she wanted to inspire her son and show him that he should follow his dreams, so on his second birthday, November 14, 2019, she climbed Cholatse — a 6,440-meter-high mountain in the Qomolangma region.”但帕桑说，她想激励儿子，让他知道他应该追随自己的梦想，所以在他两岁生日那天，也就是2019年11月14日，她爬上了珠穆朗玛峰地区6440米高的Cholatse山。可知，为了鼓励儿子，帕桑决定在2019年开始另一次攀登。故选A。
18．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“as in Sherpa culture climbing is viewed as a male activity”在夏尔巴人的文化中，攀岩被视为男性的活动。可知，此处是指帕桑作为一名女性想从事攀岩会面对很大的困难。所以adversity意为“困难”。故选D。
19．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Then when she had her first child, Eichan Nurbu, she faced fresh challenges because she was expected to stay at home and look after him as this was viewed as the mother's responsibility. It's difficult for her to balance (平衡) this with the climbing.”当她有了第一个孩子Eichan Nurbu时，她面临着新的挑战，因为她被要求呆在家里照顾孩子，因为这被视为母亲的责任。对她来说，在攀岩和这之间保持平衡是很困难的。可知，帕桑在第一个孩子出生之后面临的新的挑战是平衡她的新角色和她的梦想。故选B。
20．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Everybody should have their dreams. Now, I’m a mother, but I’m still having my dreams. Everybody has a right to realize their dreams. Most importantly, I want to inspire my son to follow his dreams.”每个人都应该有自己的梦想。现在，我是一个母亲，但我仍然有我的梦想。每个人都有实现梦想的权利。最重要的是，我想激励我的儿子去追逐他的梦想。可知，帕桑的故事主要告诉了我们每个人都应该坚持自己的梦想。故选C。
【答案】21．D
22．A
23．D
24．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了玻璃艺术家迈克尔·泰特的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A Ghanaian man who once made jewelry from glass is now using old glass to make new art. He hopes to reduce glass waste and help the environment in his country. ”一位加纳人曾经用玻璃制作珠宝，现在他正在用旧玻璃制作新的艺术品。他希望减少玻璃浪费，帮助本国的环境。可知，作者通过介绍泰特的故事来表明，旧玻璃可以转化成新的艺术品，故选D。
22．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Tetteh learned the art of glass blowing during a visit to Europe in 2012. He went to see people who knew about glass blowing in the Netherlands and France and learned to make many-colored, artistic flower holders or water carriers.”泰特在2012年访问欧洲期间学习了玻璃吹制的艺术。他去荷兰和法国看望了掌握玻璃吹制技术的人，并学会了制作许多彩色艺术花托或水壶。可知，泰特在欧洲学习了制作玻璃艺术品，故选A。
23．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Over the years, he has gotten better at the work.”多年来，他的工作越来越好。可知，泰特的工作变得越来越好，故选D。
24．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“‘My heart wants to train young Ghanaians, both men and women, so they can learn this job.’he said.”他说：“我真心想要培训年轻的加纳人，无论男女，这样他们就可以学习这份工作。”可知，泰特想要培训那些年轻的加纳人，故选C。
【答案】25．C
26．D
27．D
28．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Laura Lee回收厕所卷筒纸的环保行为，讲述了她选择这么做的原因以及所面临的问题。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
25．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In December 2018, as a 16-year-old student of Nanyang Girls’ High School in Singapore, Lee founded ToiletRollSG, a national project that aims to collect 1,000 kilograms of cardboard cylinders — or about 150,000 pieces.”2018年12月，作为新加坡南洋女子高中的一名16岁的学生，她创立了一个名为“ToiletRollSG”的国家项目，旨在收集1000公斤的卷筒纸，也就是大约15万个。可知，Lee成立“ToiletRollSG”是为了回收厕所卷筒纸。故选C。
26．考查推理判断。根据第三段“But why did she choose toilet rolls ‘They are convenient to collect and also one of the purest forms of waste to recycle because they are made of only one material，’Lee told Singapore Today. ‘Project must be economically practical too. For example, it's more difficult to recycle pens because they are made up of too many different materials like rubber casings （橡胶外壳），metals and plastics which require more resources to separate. ’”但她为什么选择卫生纸卷呢？李在接受《今日新加坡》采访时说：“它们收集起来很方便，也是最纯粹的废物回收形式之一，因为它们只由一种材料制成。这个项目在经济上也必须切实可行。例如，钢笔更难回收，因为它们由太多不同的材料组成，如橡胶外壳、金属和塑料，需要更多的资源来分离。”可推知，Lee在第三段中提到的钢笔是为了解释Lee关于回收利用的观点。故选D。
27．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“One of the biggest challenges Lee has faced has been others doubting her due to her young age.”她面临的最大挑战之一是，由于年龄太小，有人怀疑她。可知，劳拉面临的最大挑战是他人的不信任。故选D。
28．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Lee will donate the money collected to a social cause that is focused on community health.”李将把筹集到的钱捐给以社区健康为重点的社会事业。可推知，Lee是个有责任心的人。故选B。
【答案】29．A
30．B
31．C
32．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了由于一些原因，盖尔语在苏格兰文化中的地位被削弱。作为商人的伊恩·诺布尔为了恢复这种文化，他建立大学，寻求教师，教授学生学习这种语言。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
29．考查段落大意。根据第一段中的“Gaelic had been the major culture in Scotland. But many forces tried to weaken its power. ”盖尔语一直是苏格兰的主要文化，但许多势力试图削弱它的力量。可知，由于多方势力的原因，盖尔语在苏格兰文化中的力量被削弱。故选A。
30．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“the college teaches the language and culture. But the secret to making such impressive cultural achievements is giving language learners skills in industries like media and business.”这所大学教授语言和文化。但是取得如此令人印象深刻的文化成就的秘诀是给语言学习者提供诸如在媒体和商业等行业中的技能。可知，这所大学的成功在于它教授学生相关领域的技能。故选B。
31．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Noble's wife Lady Lucilla said his eagerness to revive the culture was clear. After spending much money setting up the college, Noble had to go to great lengths to find worthwhile teachers. Sometimes he tied hard to find people who had left Skye, ‘Iain would invite those whose families were from Skye but who were working in Aberdeen, in London and further afield,’ said Lucilla.”诺布尔的妻子露西拉夫人说，他恢复文化的渴望是显而易见的。在花了很多钱建立这所大学之后，诺布尔不得不花费很大的精力去寻找有价值的老师。有时他会努力寻找离开斯凯的人，“伊恩会邀请那些家人来自斯凯，但在阿伯丁、伦敦和更远的地方工作的人,”露西拉说。可知，对于恢复文化，诺布尔除了花钱建立大学外，他还花费精力去寻找老师。所以说，诺布尔对于文化的恢复是不遗余力的。故选C。
32．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“She not only speaks Gaelic fluently with her friends, but is excited to do so.”她不仅能和朋友们流利地讲盖尔语，而且对此感到兴奋；以及最后一段“‘I feel like we're even more wanting to speak Gaelic, just to keep it alive, because it is really important to our nation,’ she said.‘And to have this special language that we can speak to each other in is quite special.’”她说：“我觉得我们甚至更想说盖尔语，为了保持它的活力，因为它对我们的国家真的很重要。”“拥有这种我们可以用来交流的特殊语言是非常特别的。”可知，在 Emily Macdonald认为，讲盖尔语不但让她觉得这对自己的国家重要，而且让她觉得兴奋，即讲盖尔语对她而言是自豪的。故选A。
【答案】33．A
34．C
35．C
36．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了71岁的Ginni Bazlinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
33．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.”在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。可知，此处是指做有挑战性的事情，所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
34．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.”正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票。可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
35．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.”意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
36．考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Bazlinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段中的“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.”这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行；以及倒数第二段Ginni Bazlinton对南极之旅的评价，可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Bazlinton的南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。“一次难忘的经历” 能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
37．【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了Fabien Cousteau研究鲨鱼而出名，他要保护海洋濒临灭绝的动物，在海洋里进行探险研究。他和他的团队打破了以前的海洋探险的记录，并拍摄了海洋生物记录片的事情。
（1）考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Fabien is currently working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as building an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans and engage with ocean explorers directly through social media.”可知，Fabien是一个Ocean explorer海洋探险家、Documentary filmmaker纪录片的导演；再根据第一段中的“With his vast knowledge and experience, he tries to strike a balance between environmental problems and market economies.”可知，他是一个Environmentalist环境保护者。没有提到他是媒体策划经理，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000-2002…, Then in 2003-2006,…”可知。用例举事实法叙述他研究的情况。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground by going deeper, longer and further, exposing (显露) the world to the adventure and the mystique (神秘) of what lies beneath. ”Fabien's Mission 31开辟了一条新路，他走得更深、更久、更远，把海底的冒险和神秘显示给了世人。也就是说Fabien's Mission 31打破了以前海洋探险的记录。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据整篇短文围绕Fabien在海洋的探险、保护海洋、拍摄纪录片等方面的贡献，属于人物类短文。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
【备战2023高考英语】全国乙卷真题变式：02 阅读理解·人物故事类
一、真题
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解的
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."
1．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A．To teach in a school. B．To study American history.
C．To write a book. D．To do sightseeing.
2．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships.
3．Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising
A．The extreme climate of Auburn.
B．The living conditions in Elkhead.
C．The railroad building in the Rockies.
D．The natural beauty of the West.
4．What is the text
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
【答案】1．A
2．D
3．C
4．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇书评，介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇书评，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. ”1916年，来自Auburn, N.Y.的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A。
2．考查推理判断。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.”他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪；以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.”在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D。
3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.”令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C。
4．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.”这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到Auburn结束；以及最后一段中的“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.”Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。可知，本文介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以说文本是一篇书评。故选B。
二、变式题
（2022高三上·武功月考）阅读理解
One of the greatest contributors to the first
Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford
University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was
to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It
would include every English word possible and would give not only the
definition but also the history of the word and quotations showing how it was
used.
This was a huge task, so Murray had to find
volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search
every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of
volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an
American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England.
He gave his address as "Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire, "50 miles
from Oxford.
Minor joined the army of volunteers sending
words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the
staff's most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery. In spite of many
invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray
finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found
Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally
Insane.
Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their
love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more
than 10, 000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor
regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds. In 1910,
Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the
port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.
Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first
edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined
414, 825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly
and devoted asylum patient.
5．According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary
A．came out before Minor died
B．was edited by an American volunteer
C．included the English words invented by Murray
D．was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary
6．How did Dr. Minor contribute to the dictionary
A．He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers.
B．He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.
C．He provided a great number of words and quotations.
D．He went to England to work with Murray.
7．Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford
A．He was shut in an asylum. B．He disliked traveling.
C．He was busy writing a book. D．He lived far from Oxford.
8．Which of the following best describes Dr. Minor
A．Cautious and friendly. B．Unusual and scholarly.
C．Friendly and determined. D．Considerate and optimistic.
【答案】5．D
6．C
7．A
8．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了其重要的贡献者Dr. Minor的故事。对该词典有着杰出贡献体现了他博学多才的一方面，而当James Murray教授亲自去拜访时，却发现他不同寻常的一面，他被关在疯人院里。尽管如此，对于文字的热爱，使得他们成为挚友。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations showing how it was used.”1879年，英国牛津大学邀请James Murray教授担任编辑，编撰了一部英语语言史上最有抱负的词典。它会包括所有可能的英语单词，不仅会给出单词的定义，还会给出单词的历史和引语，说明它是如何使用的。可知，这一部牛津词典会包括所有可能的英语单词，不仅会给出单词的定义，还会给出单词的历史和引语，说明它是如何使用的，是英语语言史上最有抱负的一部词典。故选D。
6．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff's most valued contributors.” Minor加入了志愿者大军，给Murray送去了文字和语录。在接下来的17年里，他成为了员工中最有价值的贡献者之一。可知，Minor作为词典编撰志愿者之一，在17年里贡献了大量的文字和语录。故选C。
7．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally Insane.”尽管有许多邀请，他总是拒绝参观牛津。因此，1897年，Murray最终决定亲自前往克罗索恩。当他到达时，他发现Minor被锁在Broadmoor疯人院的一间满是书的牢房里。可知，当Murray亲自前往克罗索恩拜访时，发现Minor被锁在疯人院里。可推知，Minor拒绝前往牛津是因为自己被锁在疯人院了。故选A。
8．考查推理判断。根据第三段“Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff's most valued contributors.”Minor加入了志愿军，向Murray发送文字和语录。在接下来的17年里，他成为了志愿者中最有价值的贡献者之一。可知，他对于词典的编撰做出了杰出的贡献，从学术方面来说，他是一个博学的人；以及第四段中的“When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally Insane.”当他到达时，他发现Minor被锁在Broadmoor疯人院的一间满是书的牢房里。则提及他被锁在疯人院里，是一个“不正常”的人。“Unusual and scholarly.”不同寻常的和博学的)”描述了他的特点。故选B。
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old
nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his
passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried
to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. "In the
beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house," says Doogue. "When
I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors
and got treatment, but I know that I needed something more and that's when I started
photography. "
Now a dad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through
a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the
lifeline he needed. It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress.
And his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against
brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. "I ended up as
one of their featured photographers," recalled Doogue. "It was the peak
of my career. It was incredible. "
Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale,
West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic
of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help
others to cope with their mental health issues as well. "I think the problem
is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure
on young males to be fine all the time," says Doogue. "This is why I try
and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don't
think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can
lose yourself in a spider making its web. "
9．What does the underlined phrase "hit rock bottom" in paragraph 1 mean
A．Be in the worst possible situation.
B．Reach the bottom of a valley.
C．Crash into the lowest part of a rock.
D．Launch an attack on the rock bottom.
10．How did photography benefit Doogue
A．It gave him a new way to express himself.
B．It helped him to escape from pressure.
C．It provided him with life-saving skills.
D．It offered him an opportunity to explore nature.
11．What caused Scottish men to develop mental health problems
A．The way men employ to solve problems.
B．The lack of love for men's life and work.
C．The worry that men get separated from people.
D．The belief that men are expected to be strong.
12．What is the main purpose of the author in writing the text
A．To warn the severity of mental problems.
B．To show the benefits of nature photography.
C．To advise readers to get close to nature.
D．To introduce Doogue's fighting against depression.
【答案】9．A
10．B
11．D
12．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了自然摄影师Matt Doogue通过拍摄挽救了抑郁的自己，并通过分享他的作品和经历，鼓励和帮助更多患有心理健康疾病的人。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"‘In the beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house,’ says Doogue. ‘When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I know that I needed something more and that's when I started photography. ’""一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，"道格说。"当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。"可知，划线词所在句子意思是：他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。可推知，"hit rock bottom"表示"处于最坏的情况"。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. ”它有镇静作用，帮助他从压力中解脱出来；他的这些惊人的照片，在色彩鲜艳的背景下，以惊人的细节展示了昆虫和蜘蛛，引起了《国家地理》杂志出版商的注意。可知，Doogue通过自然摄影，帮助自己摆脱压力。故选B。
11．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. ‘I think the problem is this man-up approach； the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,’ says Doogue. ”尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。"我认为问题在于这种男性化的方式；男性需要强壮的观念给年轻男性施加了很大的压力，让他们一直保持健康，"道格说。可推断，男人被期待变强大和坚强的想法给苏格兰的年轻男性很大压力，导致他们患有心理健康疾病。故选D。
12．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. ‘In the beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house, 'says Doogue.‘When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that's when I started photography. ’"34岁的马特·道格是一名自然摄影师，当他第一次发现自己对拍摄昆虫的热情时，他一直患有抑郁症，他的作品现在已经登上了《国家地理》杂志。他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。"一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，"道格说。"当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。"；以及第三段中的"Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. ”尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是：介绍Doogue抵抗抑郁症的经历，并希望通过分享他的经历帮助更多有心理健康疾病的人。故选D。
（2022高三上·赣州期中）阅读理解
Edward O. Wilson who died on Dec. 26, 2021
at the age of 92, was an extraordinary scholar in every sense of the word. By the time I met
him in 1982, he'd made great contributions to science. For example, he
discovered the chemical means by which ants
communicate. He worked out the importance of the habitat size and position in
protecting animals.
In 1982 I cautiously sat down next to the
great man during a break at a small conference on social insects. He turned, extended his hand
and said, "Hi, I'm Ed Wilson. I don't believe we've met. "Then we
talked until it was time to get back to the
meeting. Three hours later I approached him again. He turned, extended his hand
and said, "Hi, I'm Ed Wilson. I don't believe we've met. "
Wilson forgot me but remained friendly. I
was fresh out of graduate school, while Wilson was already very famous. Yet he didn't
hesitate to extend his hand to me, not once but twice.
My work studying native plants and insects
was inspired by Wilson's descriptions of biodiversity. His 1992book, The
Diversity of Life, became the basis for an eventual tum in my career path. Throughout
his career, Wilson communicated the urgent need to preserve the natural world.
As I see it, the only way to realize Wilson's lifelong wish is to bury the idea that humans are here and nature is
someplace else. Providing a practical plan for protecting the earth has been my goal for the last 20 years, and I'm
honored that it mixes with Wilson's thought.
13．When did the author meet Wilson for the first time
A．When the author was doing business.
B．When the author was in graduate school.
C．When the author attended a small conference.
D．When the author was studying native plants.
14．What did the author probably think of Wilson after they met
A．Clever. B．Determined. C．Creative. D．Kind.
15．What do we know about the author
A．He regularly had discussions with Wilson.
B．His research was influenced by Wilson.
C．He wrote a book under the guidance of Wilson.
D．His opinion about nature was different from Wilson's.
16．What does the author think the way to realize Wilson's lifelong wish is
A．Staying away from nature.
B．Learning about all kinds of animals.
C．Conducting future research.
D．Learning to coexist with nature.
【答案】13．C
14．D
15．B
16．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者曾在研究生毕业后与著名生物学家Edward O. Wilson有过交谈，之后作者受到Wil-son的作品的启发，坚定了自己的科研方向和目标。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
13．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"In 1982 I cautiously sat down next to the great man during a break at a small conference on social insects. "1982年，我在一次关于社交昆虫的小型会议上休息时，小心翼翼地坐在这位伟人旁边。故选C，
14．考查推理判断。根据第三段" Wilson forgot me but remalined Iriendly, I was fresh out of graduate school, while Wil-son was already very famous. Yet he didn't hesitate to extead /his hand to me, prol once but twice. "威尔逊把我忘了，但我还是重新做人了。我刚从研究生院毕业，而威尔森已经很有名了。然而，他毫不犹豫地向我伸出了手，一次两次。可推断作者会认为他很友善。故选D。
15．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“My work studying native plants and insects was inspired by Wilson's descriptions of biodiversity. His 1992book, The Diversity of Life, became the basis for an eventual tum in my career path. ”我研究本地植物和昆虫的工作灵感来自威尔逊对生物多样性的描述。他1992年出版的《生活的多样性》一书成为了我职业生涯最终转折的基础。可知，作者对本土植物和昆虫的研究受到了Wilson对生物多样性的描述的启发。所以说，作者的研究工作受到了Wilson的影响。故选B。
16．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"As I see it, the only way to realize Wilson's lifelong wish is to bury the idea that humans are here and nature is someplace else. "可知， 作者认为， 实现Wilson毕生愿望的唯一途径就是摒弃"人类在这里，而自然在别处"的观念。可推知，实现Wilson毕生愿望的方法就是要学会与自然共存。故选D。
（2022·山西模拟）
阅读理解
Pasang Lhamu Sherpa
Akita is an elite(精英)climber and has
climbed Mount Qomolangma and Chogori (the second highest mount in the world). In
2016, she was chosen as Nation-al Geographic's Adventurer of the Year. Since
the birth of her son, her climbing has taken a back seat, but she would like to
set out to inspire him.
Pasang is a skilled
climber, having climbed Mount Qomolangma and Chogori. But to get there she had
to overcome unbelievable adversity, as in Sherpa culture climbing is viewed as
amole activity. People would say she shouldn't be with men and climb that rock.
Then when she had her
first child, Ei-chan Nurbu, she faced fresh challenges because she was cxpcctcd
to stay at home and look after him as this was viewed as the mother's
responsi-bility. It's difficult for her to balance(平衡)this with the climbing. But Pasang said that she wanted to inspire
her son and show him that he should follow his dreams, so on his second
birthday, November 14, 2019, she climbed Cholatse—a 6, 440-meter-high
mountain in the Qomolangma region.
Pasang said, "I
learned so many things from my mother. She was single. She raised two kids by
herself. She never went to school. From her, I saw how a woman can be strong. I
have big respect for all the mothers, because the mothers are very strong. They're
always there for their children. They sacrifice (牺牲)their
dreams for children. Everybody should have their dreams. Now, I'm a mother, but
I'm still having my dreams. Everybody has a right to realize their dreams. Most
importantly, want to inspire my son to follow his dreams. "
17．Why did Pasang decide to start another climb in 2019
A．To be an encouragement to her son. B．To make a living by climbing.
C．To share experience with others. D．To find an elite climber.
18．What does the underlined word "adversity"" in paragraph 2 mean
A．Curiosity. B．Forgetfulness. C．Help. D．Hardship.
19．What was Pasang's new challenge after her first child's birth
A．Learning to look after her son at home.
B．Balancing her new role with her dream.
C．Facing competition with men in climbing.
D．Competing with others in the Qomolangma region.
20．What does Pasang's story mainly tell us
A．There is no end to life.
B．Mum is the best in the world.
C．Everyone should stick to his or her dream.
D．It's important to sacrifice dreams for children.
【答案】17．A
18．D
19．B
20．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，通过讲述精英攀岩者帕桑在生育孩子之后仍然坚持自己梦想的故事告诉我们每个人都应该坚持自己的梦想。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
17．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“But Pasang said that she wanted to inspire her son and show him that he should follow his dreams, so on his second birthday, November 14, 2019, she climbed Cholatse — a 6,440-meter-high mountain in the Qomolangma region.”但帕桑说，她想激励儿子，让他知道他应该追随自己的梦想，所以在他两岁生日那天，也就是2019年11月14日，她爬上了珠穆朗玛峰地区6440米高的Cholatse山。可知，为了鼓励儿子，帕桑决定在2019年开始另一次攀登。故选A。
18．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“as in Sherpa culture climbing is viewed as a male activity”在夏尔巴人的文化中，攀岩被视为男性的活动。可知，此处是指帕桑作为一名女性想从事攀岩会面对很大的困难。所以adversity意为“困难”。故选D。
19．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Then when she had her first child, Eichan Nurbu, she faced fresh challenges because she was expected to stay at home and look after him as this was viewed as the mother's responsibility. It's difficult for her to balance (平衡) this with the climbing.”当她有了第一个孩子Eichan Nurbu时，她面临着新的挑战，因为她被要求呆在家里照顾孩子，因为这被视为母亲的责任。对她来说，在攀岩和这之间保持平衡是很困难的。可知，帕桑在第一个孩子出生之后面临的新的挑战是平衡她的新角色和她的梦想。故选B。
20．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Everybody should have their dreams. Now, I’m a mother, but I’m still having my dreams. Everybody has a right to realize their dreams. Most importantly, I want to inspire my son to follow his dreams.”每个人都应该有自己的梦想。现在，我是一个母亲，但我仍然有我的梦想。每个人都有实现梦想的权利。最重要的是，我想激励我的儿子去追逐他的梦想。可知，帕桑的故事主要告诉了我们每个人都应该坚持自己的梦想。故选C。
（2022高三上·双鸭山开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A Ghanaian man who once made jewelry from glass is now using old glass to make new art. He hopes to reduce glass waste and help the environment in his country. If glass artist Michael Tetteh can earn some money by doing it, he will be happy, too.
Tetteh learned the art of glass blowing during a visit to Europe in 2012. He went to see people who knew about glass blowing in the Netherlands and France and learned to make many-colored, artistic flower holders or water carriers. Many years later, Tetteh has his own workplace where he melts broken glass from waste centers and turns it into art. He looks for broken glass from old televisions or bottles and melts it down in a large round container known as a kiln(窑). The kiln gets very hot, nearly 1, 500 ℃, and turns the old glass into hot liquid.
Tetteh works in the area called Odumase-Krobo and trains other glass blowers in his shop. He learned how to make his equipment by watching videos on a computer. He said he is trying to follow the designs of well-known American glass artist Dale Chihuly. Over the years, he has gotten better at the work. Now Tetteh's pieces are sold in shops in Ghana and Ivory Coast. Some of his works are also sold in art stores in Europe and the U.S.
“My heart wants to train young Ghanaians, both men and women, so they can learn this job," he said.
If he can teach more people to make art pieces from glass, more people would get benefit from it. Ghana imports about $300 million worth of glass and pottery each year.
21．What does the author want to show by telling Tetteh's story
A．We waste more glass than before.
B．We can make a profit from glass.
C．We pay little attention to the glass.
D．We can turn old glass into art.
22．What did Tetteh do in Europe
A．He learned to make glass art. B．He melted broken glass.
C．He set up his own company. D．He got old televisions.
23．What can we know about Tetteh's works
A．His works are sold around the world.
B．His works are the same as Chihuly's.
C．His works are made by watching videos.
D．His works are getting better.
24．What does Tetteh want to do for young Ghanaians
A．Protect the environment in his country.
B．Reduce the use of glass.
C．Train them to master the skills.
D．Improve their lives by blowing glass.
【答案】21．D
22．A
23．D
24．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了玻璃艺术家迈克尔·泰特的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A Ghanaian man who once made jewelry from glass is now using old glass to make new art. He hopes to reduce glass waste and help the environment in his country. ”一位加纳人曾经用玻璃制作珠宝，现在他正在用旧玻璃制作新的艺术品。他希望减少玻璃浪费，帮助本国的环境。可知，作者通过介绍泰特的故事来表明，旧玻璃可以转化成新的艺术品，故选D。
22．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Tetteh learned the art of glass blowing during a visit to Europe in 2012. He went to see people who knew about glass blowing in the Netherlands and France and learned to make many-colored, artistic flower holders or water carriers.”泰特在2012年访问欧洲期间学习了玻璃吹制的艺术。他去荷兰和法国看望了掌握玻璃吹制技术的人，并学会了制作许多彩色艺术花托或水壶。可知，泰特在欧洲学习了制作玻璃艺术品，故选A。
23．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Over the years, he has gotten better at the work.”多年来，他的工作越来越好。可知，泰特的工作变得越来越好，故选D。
24．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“‘My heart wants to train young Ghanaians, both men and women, so they can learn this job.’he said.”他说：“我真心想要培训年轻的加纳人，无论男女，这样他们就可以学习这份工作。”可知，泰特想要培训那些年轻的加纳人，故选C。
（2022高三下·吉林模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Since the
age of 5,Laura Lee has had what most would consider an odd habit-she collects
toilet rolls. At that time, she didn't know this habit would eventually become
a nationwide recycling campaign.
In
December 2018, as a 16-year-old student of Nanyang Girls' High School in
Singapore, Lee founded ToiletRollSG, a national project that aims to collect
1,000 kilograms of cardboard cylinders（纸 筒）-or about 150,000 pieces． As of February of
2021, Lee, who was studying at Hwa Chong Institution，
had collected 860 kg of toilet rolls, reported Singapore Today. Slightly later,
she was awarded Singapore's National Environment Agency's Ecofriend Awards,
which recognizes individuals for their contributions to the environment, under
the Youth and Students category.
But why
did she choose toilet rolls "They are convenient to collect and also one
of the purest forms of waste to recycle because they are made of only one material,"
Lee told Singapore Today. "Project must be economically practical too. For
example, it's more difficult to recycle pens because they are made up of too
many different materials like rubber casings （橡胶外壳），metals and plastics which require more resources to separate. "
Lee went
into a partnership with the waste management firm Veolia, which gives her five
cents for every 1 kg of toilet rolls collected.
She
organized "toilet roll challenges" within Nanyang Girls' High School
and worked with cleaners to collect used toilet rolls from school toilets. She
also conducted talks about ToiletRollSG. But due to COVID-19, she has been
unable to conduct physical talks, so she raises awareness about different
social causes through her Instagram Live series called On A Roll.
One of the
biggest challenges Lee has faced has been others doubting her due to her young
age. "I always have to use my actions as well as the different things I've
done to prove that I'm passionate and know about this," she told The
Straits Times.
Lee will
donate the money collected to a social cause that is focused on community
health.
25．Why did Lee found ToiletRollSG
A．To develop some good habits.
B．To be honored by Ecofriend Awards.
C．To recycle toilet cardboard cylinders.
D．To make contributions to her high school.
26．Lee's mention of pens in paragraph 3 is to_____.
A．show toilet rolls are more important
B．prove it difficult to recycle pens
C．illustrate the process of recycling pens
D．explain Lee's opinion on recycling
27．What is the biggest challenge Laura is faced with
A．The failure to conduct talks. B．The ineffective cooperation.
C．The small amount of money. D．The mistrust of others.
28．Which of the following words can best describe Lee
A．Humorous. B．Responsible. C．Emotional. D．Curious.
【答案】25．C
26．D
27．D
28．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Laura Lee回收厕所卷筒纸的环保行为，讲述了她选择这么做的原因以及所面临的问题。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
25．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In December 2018, as a 16-year-old student of Nanyang Girls’ High School in Singapore, Lee founded ToiletRollSG, a national project that aims to collect 1,000 kilograms of cardboard cylinders — or about 150,000 pieces.”2018年12月，作为新加坡南洋女子高中的一名16岁的学生，她创立了一个名为“ToiletRollSG”的国家项目，旨在收集1000公斤的卷筒纸，也就是大约15万个。可知，Lee成立“ToiletRollSG”是为了回收厕所卷筒纸。故选C。
26．考查推理判断。根据第三段“But why did she choose toilet rolls ‘They are convenient to collect and also one of the purest forms of waste to recycle because they are made of only one material，’Lee told Singapore Today. ‘Project must be economically practical too. For example, it's more difficult to recycle pens because they are made up of too many different materials like rubber casings （橡胶外壳），metals and plastics which require more resources to separate. ’”但她为什么选择卫生纸卷呢？李在接受《今日新加坡》采访时说：“它们收集起来很方便，也是最纯粹的废物回收形式之一，因为它们只由一种材料制成。这个项目在经济上也必须切实可行。例如，钢笔更难回收，因为它们由太多不同的材料组成，如橡胶外壳、金属和塑料，需要更多的资源来分离。”可推知，Lee在第三段中提到的钢笔是为了解释Lee关于回收利用的观点。故选D。
27．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“One of the biggest challenges Lee has faced has been others doubting her due to her young age.”她面临的最大挑战之一是，由于年龄太小，有人怀疑她。可知，劳拉面临的最大挑战是他人的不信任。故选D。
28．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Lee will donate the money collected to a social cause that is focused on community health.”李将把筹集到的钱捐给以社区健康为重点的社会事业。可推知，Lee是个有责任心的人。故选B。
（2022高三上·包头开学考）阅读理解
Gaelic
had been the major culture in Scotland. But many forces tried to weaken its
power. The final straw came in 1609, when some laws required Highland Scottish
leaders to send their children to English-speaking schools. Naturally, the culture
continued to weaken through the 20th century. Though Gaelic still existed in
some rural areas, a lack of jobs meant young people in Gaelic areas were
leaving for English-speaking cities.
Iain
Noble was a wealthy businessman from Germany. He quickly fell in love with Gaelic
culture when he moved to Scotland. So he set up the college of Sabhal Mòr
Ostaig in 1973 on the Isle of Skye. Today, it has more than 1,000 students and
is officially the National Centre for Gaelic Language and Culture. It is where
the revival of Scotland's Gaelic culture started.
Of
course, the college teaches the language and culture. But the secret to making
such impressive cultural achievements is giving language learners skills in
industries like media and business. The skills allow students to create local
jobs and help make the area known to tourists.
Noble's
wife Lady Lucilla said his eagerness to revive the culture was clear. After
spending much money setting up the college, Noble had to go to great lengths to
find worthwhile teachers. Sometimes he tied hard to find people who had left
Skye, "Iain would invite those whose families were from Skye but who were
working in Aberdeen, in London and further afield," said Lucilla.
"Now
I've seen some cool youngsters who are very proud of their Gaelic, and they are
fascinated by the culture," she said.
One
such youngster is 15-year-old Emily Macdonald. She not only speaks Gaelic
fluently with her friends, but is excited to do so.
"I
feel like we're even more wanting to speak Gaelic, just to keep it alive,
because it is really important to our nation," she said. "And to have
this special language that we can speak to each other in is quite
special."
29．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about
A．The fall of Gaelic. B．The future of Gaelic.
C．The influence of Gaelic. D．The advantages of Gaelic.
30．What is the key to the college's success
A．Having the best Gaelic teachers.
B．Teaching students professional skills.
C．Receiving much government support.
D．Being open to both natives and foreigners.
31．What did Lucilla tell us about Noble
A．He made much money from the college.
B．He traveled a lot to spread Gaelic culture.
C．He spared no effort to do his cultural work.
D．He became world-famous because of his college.
32．What does Emily Macdonald think of Gaelic language
A．It is the pride of their nation.
B．It is hard to learn for youngsters.
C．It has changed a lot over the years.
D．It attracts fewer local young people.
【答案】29．A
30．B
31．C
32．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了由于一些原因，盖尔语在苏格兰文化中的地位被削弱。作为商人的伊恩·诺布尔为了恢复这种文化，他建立大学，寻求教师，教授学生学习这种语言。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
29．考查段落大意。根据第一段中的“Gaelic had been the major culture in Scotland. But many forces tried to weaken its power. ”盖尔语一直是苏格兰的主要文化，但许多势力试图削弱它的力量。可知，由于多方势力的原因，盖尔语在苏格兰文化中的力量被削弱。故选A。
30．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“the college teaches the language and culture. But the secret to making such impressive cultural achievements is giving language learners skills in industries like media and business.”这所大学教授语言和文化。但是取得如此令人印象深刻的文化成就的秘诀是给语言学习者提供诸如在媒体和商业等行业中的技能。可知，这所大学的成功在于它教授学生相关领域的技能。故选B。
31．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Noble's wife Lady Lucilla said his eagerness to revive the culture was clear. After spending much money setting up the college, Noble had to go to great lengths to find worthwhile teachers. Sometimes he tied hard to find people who had left Skye, ‘Iain would invite those whose families were from Skye but who were working in Aberdeen, in London and further afield,’ said Lucilla.”诺布尔的妻子露西拉夫人说，他恢复文化的渴望是显而易见的。在花了很多钱建立这所大学之后，诺布尔不得不花费很大的精力去寻找有价值的老师。有时他会努力寻找离开斯凯的人，“伊恩会邀请那些家人来自斯凯，但在阿伯丁、伦敦和更远的地方工作的人,”露西拉说。可知，对于恢复文化，诺布尔除了花钱建立大学外，他还花费精力去寻找老师。所以说，诺布尔对于文化的恢复是不遗余力的。故选C。
32．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“She not only speaks Gaelic fluently with her friends, but is excited to do so.”她不仅能和朋友们流利地讲盖尔语，而且对此感到兴奋；以及最后一段“‘I feel like we're even more wanting to speak Gaelic, just to keep it alive, because it is really important to our nation,’ she said.‘And to have this special language that we can speak to each other in is quite special.’”她说：“我觉得我们甚至更想说盖尔语，为了保持它的活力，因为它对我们的国家真的很重要。”“拥有这种我们可以用来交流的特殊语言是非常特别的。”可知，在 Emily Macdonald认为，讲盖尔语不但让她觉得这对自己的国家重要，而且让她觉得兴奋，即讲盖尔语对她而言是自豪的。故选A。
（2022高三上·伊宁月考）阅读理解
As
Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of
little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers
welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever
since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout
her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to
explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the
nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After
taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel
the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it
was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships
going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip
of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she
says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I
just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that
way. "
In
March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to
begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to
witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember
the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some
prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear
the operatic sounds it was making underwater. "
The
realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of
the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
33．Which of the following best explains "take the plunge" underlined in paragraph 2
A．Try challenging things. B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories. D．Stick to a promise.
34．What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A．Lovely penguins. B．Beautiful scenery.
C．A discount fare. D．A friend's invitation.
35．What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A．It could be a home for her. B．It should be easily accessible.
C．It should be well preserved. D．It needs to be fully introduced.
36．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream. B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world. D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【答案】33．A
34．C
35．C
36．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了71岁的Ginni Bazlinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
33．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.”在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。可知，此处是指做有挑战性的事情，所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
34．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.”正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票。可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
35．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.”意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
36．考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Bazlinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段中的“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.”这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行；以及倒数第二段Ginni Bazlinton对南极之旅的评价，可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Bazlinton的南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。“一次难忘的经历” 能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
37．（2019·银川模拟）阅读短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Fabien Cousteau was born
with deep love for the ocean. His grandfather and his father were ocean
explorers and documentary filmmakers. Fabien spent his early years on his
grandfather's ships. Today Fabien follows in his family's footsteps to protect
the planet's endangered ocean life. With his vast knowledge and experience, he
tries to strike a balance between environmental problems and market economies.
Fabien is well known for his study of
sharks. During 2000-2002, he created a TV special called Attack of the Mystery
Shark based on the shark attacks that occurred along the New Jersey shoreline
in the summer of 1916. Then in 2003-2006, with the help of a large crew, Fabien
created a shark submarine (潜艇) that enabled him to put
himself inside the shark world, providing people with a rare view of the mysterious
and often misunderstood creatures.
For the next four years (2006-2010), Fabien
was part of a series called, Ocean Adventures, which offered a rare look into
some of the most fantastic ocean species (物种) and environments.
In 2010, Fabien started Plant A Fish, a
nonprofit project for children to help restore local water ecosystems by
replanting key ocean species. Save the world, one fish at a time. The project
is still in progress now and its final goal is to plant 1 billion "fish"
worldwide.
From June 1 to July 2, 2014, Fabien and his
team spent 31 days underwater to research how climate change and pollution are
affecting the oceans. Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground by going deeper,
longer and further, exposing (显露) the world to the
adventure and the mystique (神秘) of what lies beneath.
Fabien is currently working on a
documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as building an
Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity
to learn about oceans and engage with ocean explorers directly through social
media.
（1）What is Not Fabien's job
A．Ocean explorer B．Documentary filmmaker
C．Environmentalist D．Media manager
（2）How is Paragraph 2 developed
A．By providing facts. B．By offering analyses.
C．By making comparisons. D．By drawing conclusions.
（3）We can learn from the text that ________.
A．Fabien's "Plant A Fish" project has already achieved its final goal
B．Fabien's Mission 31 broke the records of former ocean explorations
C．Fabien's TV special about sharks is based on his childhood experiences
D．It took Fabien four years to produce Ocean Adventures all on his own
（4）In which part of a website can we read the text
A．Modern Technology. B．Space Exploration.
C．Outstanding Figures. D．Fantastic Wildlife.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了Fabien Cousteau研究鲨鱼而出名，他要保护海洋濒临灭绝的动物，在海洋里进行探险研究。他和他的团队打破了以前的海洋探险的记录，并拍摄了海洋生物记录片的事情。
（1）考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Fabien is currently working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as building an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans and engage with ocean explorers directly through social media.”可知，Fabien是一个Ocean explorer海洋探险家、Documentary filmmaker纪录片的导演；再根据第一段中的“With his vast knowledge and experience, he tries to strike a balance between environmental problems and market economies.”可知，他是一个Environmentalist环境保护者。没有提到他是媒体策划经理，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000-2002…, Then in 2003-2006,…”可知。用例举事实法叙述他研究的情况。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground by going deeper, longer and further, exposing (显露) the world to the adventure and the mystique (神秘) of what lies beneath. ”Fabien's Mission 31开辟了一条新路，他走得更深、更久、更远，把海底的冒险和神秘显示给了世人。也就是说Fabien's Mission 31打破了以前海洋探险的记录。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据整篇短文围绕Fabien在海洋的探险、保护海洋、拍摄纪录片等方面的贡献，属于人物类短文。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

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