读后续写微讲座五：读深(深挖知识点)
外刊输入——悟语言之道
Exploring English Language Origins
The origins of US and UK English have led to differences between two language systems.
American and British English are similar in many regards. For example, the majority of the spellings and grammar rules are largely the same. However, beyond simple spellings like colour (UK) and color (US), the two languages truly diverge (有区别) through speech.
Take the accents of Chris Evans, the star of Captain America, and Rowan Atkinson, who played Mr. Bean, as an example of how far the two languages differ in modern times. But have you ever wondered, in your point of view, how this change and gap came about
For that, we have to look at the origins of both dialects. According to the BBC, British English dates back to 449 AD, when the Saxons and the Angles—tribes (部落) from modern-day Germany and Denmark—invaded Britain, replacing the ancient Celtic language.
As Celtic gradually faded, an early form of British English emerged with influences based on French and Latin. It was later referred to as standard throughout the UK following the first complete Modern English translation of the Bible (《圣经》) in 1535 and the emergence of playwrights like William Shakespeare. This went on to form British English as we know today and was heavily influenced by the accent spoken in London.
However, across the Atlantic Ocean, Indo European languages spoken by migrants, regional dialects of British colonists (殖民地居民) and Native American words all formed the basis of US English. New words also arose from the need to explain major unfamiliar landscapes, animals and living conditions, but they soon turned into a revolutionary tool during the independence struggle.
In 1789, lexicographer (词典编纂者) Noah Webster wrote, “As an independent nation, our honor requires us to have a system of our own, in language as well as government.” It indicated the social demand as well.
Post revolution US English kept changing based on neighboring cultures. This can still be seen through state names such as Delaware and Illinois, which were related to Native American tribes, and Colorado and Nevada, which were influenced by Spanish colonizers in the 1800s.
These days, Britons and Americans still argue over terminology (术语) and spellings. But their variety and differences form a key part of each nation's historical culture. Indeed, it shows the truth behind the phrase, “Britain and America, two nations were divided by a common language. We should learn to live with it and appreciate it.”
1.重点词汇再现
(1)system n. 系统
(2)regard n. 方面
(3)point of view 观点；看法
(4)gap n. 间隔；差距
(5)dialect n. 方言
(6)date back to 追溯到
(7)base v. 以……为基础
(8)refer to 指的是
(9)basis n. 基础
(10)major adj. 主要的
(11)struggle n. 斗争
(12)demand n. 要求；需求
(13)relate to 与……相关；涉及
(14)variety n. 多样化
(15)appreciate vt. 欣赏
2．经典句型再现：as引导状语从句，意为“随着”
As Celtic gradually faded, an early form of British English emerged with influences based on French and Latin.
随着凯尔特人的逐渐衰落，早期的英式英语出现了，它受到了法语和拉丁语的影响。
迷你语料库(Mini Corpus)
序号 佳句呈现 赏析
1 China is widely known for① its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times②， despite③ the many ups and downs in its history. ①“be known for ＝ be famous for”意为“因……而出名”；②which 引导非限制性定语从句；③despite是介词，意为“尽管”，后面跟名词或名词短语。本句描述中国古代文明历史源远流长。
2 It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells① on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people②. ①名词短语作同位语，解释longgu；②介词＋which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词animal bones and shells，介词on和先行词搭配，意为 “在……上”。本句描写了中国文字的起源——甲骨文。
3 Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time① when people were divided geographically②， leading to many varieties of dialects and characters③. ①as意为“因为”引导原因状语从句；②when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time；③v. ing形式作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。本句描述了由于地理的不同，导致各式各样的语言。
续　表
序号 佳句呈现 赏析
4 Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. where引导定语从句，修饰先行词one unified country。本句描述了中国文字系统统一的历史。
5 That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. “be of＋抽象意义的名词＝be＋adj.”，可以用于描述事物的重要性。
6 Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……”，在写作中使用，属于亮点句型。
7 Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. “介词＋which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词means(n.方式；方法)；by 和means 搭配意为“凭借……方式”。本句描写了文字的重要性——联系中国过去和现在。
8 People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the classic works。本句描写了文字的作用——能够让后人读到中国古典作品。
9 The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as① an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy②， which has become an important part of Chinese culture③. ①as在此处是介词，意为“作为”；②过去分词短语作定语；③which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese calligraphy。 本句描写了书法的重要作用。
10 As China plays a greater role in global affairs①， an increasing number of② international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language. ①as在此处是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”；②an increasing number of意为“越来越多的”。本句描写了中国文化和历史越来越重要。
11 I've been studying English since primary school. 本句使用了现在完成进行时，用来描述持续一段时间的动作。
12 I used to get high marks in English, but now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening. “used to do sth.”意为“过去常常做某事”；“have trouble with sth.”意为“做某事有困难”。本句用来描述情况的变化，形成一种对比。
13 Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk. v. ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。本句用来描写有效的英语学习方法。
14 I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. 本句是一种英语学习方法，可以用于描写解决语言学习的困难。
15 My biggest headache is how to be polite in English. 本句描写英语学习的困难。
16 I have to think about who I'm talking to① and then decide whether to say②， “Open the window, please！” or “Could you open the window, please？” or even longer “Would you mind opening the window, please？” ①who引导宾语从句；②whether 引导宾语从句。本句描写了思考并做决定的场景。
17 ...so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. 特别注意bridge the gap这个短语，意为“消除差距”。
读后续写入门篇：读深——深挖知识点(Words, expressions, sentences)
在读懂要素和主题、读通情节和感情发展并精析语言之后，如何尝试使用获取的信息，并且应用到自己的写作中？最有效的做法就是把获取的信息与已经学过的语言知识结合起来——挖掘语篇中的知识点，然后尝试使用到续写语篇中。这样，除了可以做到和原文的衔接，也可以达到语言的一致性和衔接性。
在读深的过程中，可以从三个方面进行挖掘：
1．词汇
2．短语
3．句型
【典题精析】
阅读下面的材料， 完成以下任务。
I'm an English self learner, but English is not my first language. Today I am an English teacher. I would like to say that failures are not disastrous. Have faith, keep moving on, and never give up hope, and you will see your hard work pay off.
I was a slow learner when I was little. Before five, I couldn't even speak in full sentences. Unlike most other children, I seldom interacted with others; I neither cried nor threw tantrums (发脾气). My extreme quietness made my parents wonder if I was mentally slow, but they were not sure. Actually, I have to confess that my memories of my early childhood are quite unclear.
My learning problems were the result of my mother taking some medicine when she became pregnant with me. Although I was born without any physical defects (缺陷), the medicine did affect my early intellectual development. When I was in elementary school, I learned very slowly and was as quiet as a doll. While my teacher was teaching, my mind often wandered outside the classroom to the playground. As a fifth grader, I finally started interacting with my classmates. That was the first time in my memory that I had some friends.
After heading at full speed for my junior high education, my learning situation got stuck in the mud again. In my country, students entering junior high school had to take an IQ test. It was a test for schools to evaluate students' learning abilities so that they could arrange them into different levels of classes based on their IQ test scores. I was placed in the “bottom class” as a result of my below average IQ score. Most of my teachers taught us using easy and slow methods because they considered us incapable of learning much. However，despite that, I never lost faith that I might one day succeed as if to prove that when God closes a door, he will definitely open up a big window. A miracle occurred. That's when I discovered a strong passion for English.
1．词汇——请写出以下词汇的含义及词形变化。
(1)failure n．失败→fail v．失败
(2)disastrous adj.灾难性的→disaster n．灾难
(3)faith n．信任，信心→faithful adj.忠诚的→faithfully adv.忠诚地；如实地
(4)actually adv.事实上→actual adj.实际的；真实的
(5)confess v．坦白，承认
(6)pregnant adj.怀孕的→pregnancy n．怀孕
(7)evaluate v．评价，评估→evaluation n．评价；评估
(8)arrange v．安排→arrangement n．安排
(9)place v．放置
(10)average adj.平均的，普通的
(11)consider v．考虑→considerate adj.考虑周到的→considerable adj.相当多的→consideration n．仔细考虑
(12)succeed v．成功→success n．成功→successful adj.成功的→successfully adv.成功地
2．短语——请写出以下短语的含义。
(1)pay off 得到回报
(2)interact with sb. 和某人交往
(3)elementary school 小学
(4)at full speed 全速
(5)get stuck 困住
(6)be based on 以……为基础
(7)as a result of 作为……的结果
(8)be incapable of 不能
(9)lose faith 失去信心
3．句型——总结应用到的句型。
(1)I neither cried nor threw tantrums.
分析：neither...nor...为并列连词，意为“既不……也不……”。
(2)Although I was born without any physical defects①， the medicine did affect② my early intellectual development.
分析：①Although引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”；②did affect是对谓语动词的强调。一般情况下，用“do/does/did＋动词原形”表示。
(3)...I learned very slowly and was as quiet as a doll.
分析：as＋adj./adv.＋as表示同级比较。
(4)That was the first time in my memory that I had some friends.
分析：句型“This/That/It is/was the first/second/.../last time＋(that)...”意为“这/那是第一/二/……/最后一次做某事”。在此句型中，当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时时，从句的谓语动词用现在完成时；当主句为一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
(5)After heading at full speed for my junior high education, my learning situation got stuck in the mud again.
分析：After＋v. ing形式在句中作时间状语。
(6)In my country, students entering junior high school had to take an IQ test.
分析：v. ing形式在句中作定语，修饰名词students。
(7)It was a test for schools to evaluate students' learning abilities so that they could arrange them into different levels of classes based on their IQ test scores.
分析：so that引导结果状语从句。
(8)However, despite that①， I never lost faith that I might one day succeed as if to prove② that when God closes a door, he will definitely open up a big window.
分析：①despite意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句；
②as if＋to do是“as if ＋主句主语 ＋ 将来时”的省略；
He rushes out of the room as if he will meet some important person.
→He rushes out of the room as__if__to__meet some important person.
(9)That's when I discovered a strong passion for English.
分析：when引导表语从句。

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