2022-2023学年高一英语下学期第一次月考
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共30分，略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
New apps, new you! Self-improvement is only a click away.
Quizlet
Quizlet is a portable flashcard system. You can search millions of already set-up flashcards and learning tools. They are especially good for subjects with lots of terminology or vocabulary in them such as languages, history and science. If you have a study buddy, then Quizlet can bring you together online. You can share the flashcards in the study folder and send to your friends. They can check the flashcards on their phone or computer.
Strava
Exercise apps like Strava can keep your fitness goals on track. Strava helps you record your exercise activities, set exercise goals and be part of an exercise community. Also, you can see you and your friends’ activities on Strava, which helps keep you motivated to exercise regularly. You can also give friends’ activities a “thumbs-up” or comment.
1SE
The idea behind this app is very simple: Turn films you have taken on your phone into a video compilation (合辑). In particular, it’s about filming one second every day, which is where the name 1SE comes from. You may think one second is not very long. But when combining one-second videos for each day of the year, that is 365 seconds—more than six minutes! Watching this six-minute video is like going on a memory roller coaster of your year, which helps people appreciate the little moments in everyday life. It’s quite powerful.
Trello
Here is a time management app continually rated among the top time management apps on the market, all with the goal of making you spend less time planning and more time doing. No matter how you prefer to track projects and time, Trello always allows you to easily see who is doing what at a quick look, so you’ll never drop the ball on an important project. Using a time management app is one of the easiest ways to get more of something we wish we had: Productivity.
1．What do Quizlet and Strava have in common
A．They are both free of charge for users.
B．They are both interactive by sharing with friends.
C．They both help you study and exercise in a proper way.
D．You can download both of them anytime on your phones.
2．Which of the following can best describe 1SE
A．It’s intended for video-lovers.
B．It is the little moments that matter in our life.
C．The idea behind the app is popular with everyone.
D．It helps turn the films on your phone into a six-minute video.
3．Which app is designed for people eager for productivity
A．Quizlet. B．Strava. C．1SE. D．Trello.
B
My name is Michelle Rogers. For most of my life I had been fighting with my body weight. I was either gaining weight or trying to lose it. I wasn’t happy with myself, and I certainly wasn’t able to fully enjoy life. Not only did I feel bad physically, but I felt terrible emotionally. I also knew I wasn’t able to be the best I could be, and with failure after failure in losing weight, I just felt so hopeless to make it.
One day in 2008, I was looking through ads online and saw a treadmill (跑步机) for $100. This time I decided to start small and keep it doable. The first week I started walking 15 minutes on the treadmill at a fixed time every day. The next week I did 16 minutes. Each week I added a minute. Gradually, I increased speed as well as time. Once I got to 30 minutes, the weight started dropping off.
I didn’t lose weight at first, but I didn’t give up like I did in the past. I realized I started feeling better. My legs were getting stronger. I didn’t feel painful like I used to when I got up from my desk. All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too. I began with small changes as well. After these years I started listening to my body. It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me.
Today, the extra weight is gone. I still exercise every morning. I look and feel the best I have never done. Every area of my life has improved and benefited from this change in me. Not only do I have my youthful energy, looks and health back, but also I have more confidence than I have ever had.
4．How did Michelle feel about losing weight before 2008
A．Confident. B．Hopeless. C．Addicted. D．Annoyed.
5．How many weeks had passed before Michelle’s weight began dropping
A．15 weeks. B．20 weeks. C．25 weeks. D．30 weeks.
6．What is NOT my practice now
A．Doing exercise regularly. B．Eating healthier.
C．Refusing bad food and habits. D．Gaining extra weight.
7．What can we learn from Michelle’s story
A．Time is everything.
B．Interest is the best teacher.
C．Start with small things.
D．Nothing is more important than confidence.
C
When Nicole Thompson teaches a math word problem to her fourth-grade class in Pajaro Valley Unified School District (PVUSD), she has the class read it over three times. After the first read, students discuss what the situation described in the word problem is. The second time, they discuss what numbers they see and what those numbers mean. The third time, they talk about the question and what they need to solve. Thompson said the method really helps her students, especially those for whom English is a second language.
Thompson learned this method during a series of training courses on improving math instruction for multilingual (说多种语言的) learners, a term that refers to all students who speak a language other than English at home. The training was organized by The New Teacher Project (TNTP). “We wanted to show teachers that all students, including multilingual learners, could deal with grade-level learning tasks with the right support,” said Jeanine Harvey, director of multilingual learner academics at TNTP.
In addition to teaching methods for supporting more student discussion in the classroom, TNTP staff worked with teachers to analyze word problems from their area’s math courses and identify what vocabulary students would need to know in order to tackle the problems.
According to surveys made by TNTP, the training program improved teachers confidence. Before the training, only 40% of teachers in PVUSD said they felt confident about supporting English learners in their classrooms. Afterward, more than 75% felt confident. Many teachers also said the training helped them see that their students were capable (有能力的) of hard work.
“Sometimes we forget that students are more capable than we see. The training kind of opened my eyes to that,” said Juan Gonzalez, who teaches the fifth grade. He said he enjoys seeing his students having conversations about math and using more difficult vocabulary. “They love being challenged. We have to let go of their hand and let them struggle a bit.”
8．What’s the purpose of Thompson’s method of teaching students a math problem
A．To develop their writing skills. B．To deepen their understanding.
C．To test their pronunciation. D．To add fun to boring lessons.
9．What was the training received by Thompson intended to do
A．Help math teachers teach multilingual students properly.
B．Advise teachers to care about students’ personal growth.
C．Support math teachers with high- tech teaching aids.
D．Improve students’ math scores through group work.
10．What does the underlined word “tackle” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Search for. B．Work out. C．Avoid. D．Raise.
11．What’ s the main idea of Gonzalez’s words in the last paragraph
A．TNTP has changed many students’ daily life.
B．Teachers need to be patient with their students.
C．A wide vocabulary is the key to language learning.
D．Students should be inspired to use their abilities.
D
Though many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer , few would say that we’ve “summered”. “Summer” is clearly a noun - a verbed noun.
In our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a clear definition, it was easy to notice the difference. Not so in adulthood, when we are expected to “foot” the bill and “chair” meetings. Chances are that you didn’t feel uncomfortable about those verbed nouns.
“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts found that 20% of all English verbs were originally nouns. And it seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40% of new verbs have come from nouns.
Even though the conversion (转化)is quite common, plenty of language experts disagree with it. William Strunk Jr. and E. B．White have this to say, “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but some are in doubt. ”The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.
“Sometimes people dislike a new verb because they refuse to accept what is unfamiliar to them,” says Patricia. That’s why we’re comfortable “ hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying”(使动词化)a noun if it’s easily replaced by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.
In the end, however, style is subjective (主观的).The easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries. It is one of the processes that make English “ English”. Not every new word passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.
12．What can we learn about the verbing of nouns
A．It has come into use since a long time ago.
B．It has been supported by many language experts.
C．It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice.
D．It is more commonly accepted by children than adults.
13．What is language experts’ attitude towards the verbing of nouns
A．Cold. B．Careful. C．Unclear. D．Positive.
14．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A．It is impossible to end the verbing of nouns.
B．New verbs will stay in the English language forever.
C．Most people are against using new verbs from nouns.
D．There is an obvious rule for changing verbs to nouns.
15．What can be the best title for the text
A．Are all new verbs from nouns
B．Are there any rules for verbing
C．Are you comfortable about a new verb
D．Are “summering” and “medaling” annoying
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Appear Outgoing in a Conversation
Some people seem naturally outgoing when chatting with others,while others find it hard to make it. Here are some tips to help you appear outgoing in a conversation.
Make eye contact. If you’re in a social situation,such as at a party, try to make eye con- tact with the other people there. Once you’ve established eye contact, give the other person a friendly smile. ____16____ If the person does not respond or does not expect to be approached, let them go their way. Part of being outgoing is knowing when and where to approach others and when to keep to yourself.
Ask some open-ended questions. ____17____ It’s easier to start up a chat with someone new if you invite them to share about themselves.If you’ve already exchanged eye contact and smiles with someone,and you’re close by,start off with a question. Here are some ideas:How do you like that book or magazine What is your favorite thing to do around here
____18____ You might see some of the same people every day, but never acknowledge(致意) them. To become outgoing,it is important to start acknowledging the people around you more often. The next time you order a coffee or check out at the grocery store, smile at the person helping you and say“thank you” .This small act will help you become more comforta- ble interacting with others. ____19____
Talk to everyone.After you become a bit more comfortable talking to people you know, try talking to new people as you go through your day. ____20____ But the more you approach people and get comfortable with making conversation,the easier it will become.
A．Say thank you in public as much as possible.
B．Remember that they serve hundreds of people a day.
C．If the person smiles back at you, then go over to them.
D．It will probably make the other person’s day a little brighter.
E．At first,you might feel uncomfortable talking with strangers.
F．These questions invite others to respond with more than a“yes”or“no” .
G．Keep in mind that this approach doesn’t always work well in some situations.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On the morning of August 29, 1911, a hungry Indian walked out of the wilderness and into Oroville, California. A ____21____thought he had run away from a mental hospital, so he took him to the police station to keep him from ____22____others. He didn’t speak English. People came to talk to the ____23____ man over the next few days. They spoke to him in a number of Indian languages, but he didn’t ____24____ a word.
His name was Ishi, the last person of the Yahi Indian tribe (部落) of California. The tribe had once been ____25____ , but during the gold rush years nearly all of the Yahi had been killed. However, about 50 members of the tribe stayed ____26____ and had gone to live in the desert. ____27____, over the years, the group had become smaller and smaller. And in the end, only Ishi was ____28____.
A few days later, Professor Waterman, an anthropologist from the University of California, came to see him. He tried to ____29____ with Ishi and spoke some Indian languages. Ishi did not understand any of them. But then, when the professor said “iwini”(wood) and _____30_____ the bed in the corner of the room, Ishi was _____31_____. He laughed out loud. It was the first word in his own language that he had _____32_____ for more than three years.
Starting from this one _____33_____, Professor Waterman soon learned how to talk to Ishi. Ishi was then taken to Los Angeles, where he helped the professor to learn more about Indian languages and traditions. However, after living for three years in complete _____34_____, he died in 1916, and his _____35_____ died with him.
21．A．native B．doctor C．professor D．policeman
22．A．seeing B．visiting C．hurting D．attracting
23．A．sick B．injured C．mad D．frightened
24．A．spell B．understand C．miss D．believe
25．A．rich B．famous C．large D．special
26．A．active B．alive C．calm D．healthy
27．A．Slowly B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Certainly
28．A．left B．found C．saved D．caught
29．A．live B．fight C．communicate D．study
30．A．sat on B．lay in C．looked for D．pointed to
31．A．excited B．inspired C．relieved D．amazed
32．A．heard B．taught C．spoken D．remembered
33．A．lesson B．room C．word D．bed
34．A．silence B．loneliness C．darkness D．fear
35．A．story B．friend C．hope D．language
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New research shows that the average cost of raising a child to the age of 18 in China in 2021 was 485,000 yuan for a first child, ___36___ is far more than ___37___ in the United States and Japan. The high cost of child-raising is one more ___38___ (difficult) Chinese policymakers face while ___39___ (deal) with rapidly decreasing birth rates. Experts warn China’s aging population will put pressure ___40___ its health and social security systems. A decrease in workers could also ___41___ (severe) limit growth for the world’s second-largest economy in the coming years.
New policies permit ___42___ (family) to have as many as three children. But China`s birth rate dropped to 7.52 births per 1,000 people in 2021. That is the ___43___ (low) since the National Bureau of Statistics` began recording the information in 1949. The high costs of raising a child ___44___ (cause) officials in China to place restrictions on the private tutoring industry in the last few years. Some areas have been giving couples money for having ___45___ second or third child.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假如你是李华，周六在市博物馆有一场中国书画展，你打算邀请在华留学生Susan一起去欣赏，请写一封邮件。内容包括：
1.书画展介绍；
2.碰面时间和地点。
参考词汇：中国书岛Chinese painting and calligraphy; 展览会 exhibition
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Dear Susan,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely.
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was February 16, 2019, at 8 a. m. when my girlfriend, Jessika, and I arrived at Utah’s Zion National Park. We’d traveled from our home in Mesa, Arizona, to hike the nine-mile-long Subway Trail, so named because of its amazing tunnel-shaped canyon (峡谷). Halfway through our hike, which included climbing over rocks and walking across streams, the sunshine gave way to a light snow. Soon after, we reached the red-colored walls of the Subway Trail. A small pond stood in our way, with the trail (路线) continuing on the other side. Because the pond looked shallow, we began to wade (蹚水) through, with Jessika leading the way.
About five feet from the edge, her front foot sank into the sandy bottom. Then she fell forward and both legs started to sink. I dashed to her, grabbed her under the shoulders, and pulled her out. She climbed back to shore. But now I was sinking. The mud came all the way up to my right thigh and my left calf (小腿肚). I freed my left leg but couldn’t move my right.
Jess handed me a long stick we’d picked up earlier in the hike. I put it down the side of my leg and tried to move and pull it out. Nothing. I was trapped in quicksand (流沙) .
Jessika started scooping (舀) sand with both hands, but it was refilling faster than she could pull it out. “Don’t bother,” I told her. “You’re just wasting your energy.” While I was no longer sinking, I wasn’t getting out, either.
We couldn’t call for help because the closest rescue team was back at the trailhead, five hours away from us. I told Jessika she had to hike back and call for help. She was scared-she had only ever hiked with me and was fearful of hiking alone on a trail the National Park Service calls “very tough.” But we were out of options.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Thirty minutes after she left, it started to snow heavily.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Just as I was going to give up, a flashlight shone across my eyes.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．B 2．B 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了三种新的APP。
1．细节理解题。根据小标题Quizlet下的段落中“If you have a study buddy, then Quizlet can bring you together online. You can share the flashcards in the study folder and send to your friends.(如果你有一个学习伙伴，那么Quizlet可以让你们在网上一起学习。你可以分享学习文件夹中的抽认卡，并发送给你的朋友)”和小标题Strava下的段落中“Also, you can see you and your friends’ activities on Strava, which helps keep you motivated to exercise regularly. You can also give friends’ activities a “thumbs-up” or comment.(此外，你可以看到你和你的朋友在Strava上的活动，这有助于保持你定期锻炼的动力。你也可以给朋友的活动点赞或评论)”可知，这两个APP都是通过与朋友分享而互动的，故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据小标题1SE下的段落中“Watching this six-minute video is like going on a memory roller coaster of your year, which helps people appreciate the little moments in everyday life. It’s quite powerful.(观看这段六分钟的视频就像坐上了一辆年度记忆过山车，它帮助人们欣赏日常生活中的小时刻。它非常强大)”可知，生活中的一些短暂的瞬间对我们很重要，故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据小标题Trello下的段落中“Here is a time management app continually rated among the top time management apps on the market, all with the goal of making you spend less time planning and more time doing. No matter how you prefer to track projects and time, Trello always allows you to easily see who is doing what at a quick look, so you’ll never drop the ball on an important project.(这是一款时间管理应用程序，一直被评为市场上最受欢迎的时间管理应用程序之一，其目标是让你花更少的时间做计划，花更多的时间做事情。无论你多么喜欢跟踪项目和时间，Trello总是让你很容易地看到谁在做什么，所以你永远不会在一个重要的项目上犯错)”可知，Trello是为渴望提高效率的人设计的。故选D项。
4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与肥胖抗争的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I also knew I wasn’t able to be the best I could be, and with failure after failure in losing weight, I just felt so hopeless to make it.(我也知道我不可能成为最好的自己，在一次又一次的减肥失败之后，我只是觉得没有希望做到这一点)”和第二段中“One day in 2008, I was looking through ads online and saw a treadmill (跑步机) for $100.(2008年的一天，我在网上浏览广告，看到一个100美元的跑步机)”可知，在2008年前，作者认为减肥是没有希望的。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first week I started walking 15 minutes on the treadmill at a fixed time every day. The next week I did 16 minutes. Each week I added a minute. Gradually, I increased speed as well as time. Once I got to 30 minutes, the weight started dropping off.(第一周，我开始每天在固定的时间在跑步机上步行15分钟。第二周我跑了16分钟。每周我都会增加一分钟。渐渐地，我增加了速度和时间。当我坚持了30分钟，体重开始下降)”可知，作者第一周跑15分钟，以后每周增加一分钟，在跑30分钟时，体重开始下降，由此可计算出，30-15=15，即作者花了15周体重才开始下降，故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too...It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me.(我在健身上付出的所有努力让我也想开始吃得更健康……拒绝对我不好的食物和习惯)”和最后一段中“Today, the extra weight is gone. I still exercise every morning. I look and feel the best I have never done. (今天，多余的体重消失了。我仍然每天早上锻炼。我看起来和感觉起来都最好，这是我以前从来没有过的)”可知，作者如今减肥成功，没有了多余的体重，看起来和感觉起来都最好。由此推知，他会继续保持，坚持锻炼，健康饮食，拒绝不好的习惯和饮食。D项“增加额外的体重”不是他现在的做法。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段“I didn’t lose weight at first, but I didn’t give up like I did in the past. I realized I started feeling better. My legs were getting stronger. I didn’t feel painful like I used to when I got up from my desk. All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too. I began with small changes as well. After these years I started listening to my body. It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me.(一开始我没有减肥成功，但是我没有像过去那样放弃。我意识到我感觉好多了。我的腿越来越强壮了。我不像以前从桌子旁起来时那么痛苦了。我在健身方面付出的所有努力也让我想要开始吃得更健康。我也从小的改变开始。这么多年过去了，我开始倾听自己的身体。拒绝对我不好的食物和习惯)”可知，作者从最开始的减肥困难，到后来有了小的变化，然后坚持并取得了成效，说明做事要从小事做起，坚持做下去，就会取得成功。由此推知，从Michelle的故事中我们可以学到的是C项“从小事开始。”故选C。
8．B 9．A 10．B 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过Nicole Thompson的例子，介绍了TNTP教学项目，包括其设置目的、作用和带来的结果等。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When Nicole Thompson teaches a math word problem to her fourth-grade class in Pajaro Valley Unified School District (PVUSD), she has the class read it over three times. After the first read, students discuss what the situation described in the word problem is. The second time, they discuss what numbers they see and what those numbers mean. The third time, they talk about the question and what they need to solve. Thompson said the method really helps her students, especially those for whom English is a second language.(尼科尔·汤普森在帕加罗谷联合学区教四年级学生一道数学应用题时，她让全班学生读了三遍以上。在第一次阅读后，学生讨论应用题中描述的情况。第二次，他们讨论他们看到的数字以及这些数字的含义。第三次，他们谈论问题和他们需要解决的问题。汤普森说，这种方法确实帮助了她的学生，尤其是那些英语为第二语言的学生。)”可知，Thompson在教数学题时，让学生读三遍以上，第一遍讨论题中描述情况，第二遍讨论数字及其含义，第三遍讨论问题及需要解决的问题。由此可推知，这种方法可以加深学生的理解，这也是Thompson使用这种教学方法的目的。故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Thompson learned this method during a series of training courses on improving math instruction for multilingual (说多种语言的) learners (汤普森在一系列提高多语言学习者数学教学的培训课程中学会了这种方法)”以及“We wanted to show teachers that all students, including multilingual learners, could deal with grade-level learning tasks with the right support(我们希望向教师们展示，所有学生，包括多语言学习者，都可以在正确的支持下完成年级水平的学习任务)”可知，Thompson接受的培训是关于提高多语言学习者数学的教学培训课程。由此可推知，该项目意图帮助老师合理教授多语言学习者。故选A项。
10．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“In addition to teaching methods for supporting more student discussion in the classroom, TNTP staff worked with teachers to analyze word problems from their area’s math courses and identify what vocabulary students would need to know in order to tackle the problems.(除了支持学生在课堂上进行更多讨论的教学方法外，TNTP的工作人员还与教师合作，分析他们所在地区数学课程中的词汇问题，并确定学生需要掌握哪些词汇才能tackle这些问题。)”可知，TNTP的员工和老师合作，帮助他们分析问题，其目的应是“解决”问题，由此可推知，tackle一词的含义与“解决”相近。A. Search for寻找、搜索；B. Work out解决；C. Avoid避免；D. Raise提高、上升。四个选项中只有B项work out表示“解决”。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘Sometimes we forget that students are more capable than we see. The training kind of opened my eyes to that,’ said Juan Gonzalez, who teaches the fifth grade. He said he enjoys seeing his students having conversations about math and using more difficult vocabulary. ‘They love being challenged. We have to let go of their hand and let them struggle a bit.’(“有时我们忘记了学生比我们看到的更有能力。这次训练让我开阔了眼界，”教五年级的胡安·冈萨雷斯说。他说，他喜欢看到他的学生们就数学进行对话，使用更难的词汇。“他们喜欢接受挑战。我们必须放开他们的手，让他们稍微挣扎一下。”)”可知，Gonzalez认为学生比老师看到的更有能力，老师应该放开学生的手，让学生接受挑战。由此可推知，Gonzalez认为应该激励学生发挥自己的能力。故选D项。
12．A 13．B 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，论述了各方对名词用作动词这一现象的观点。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“Since 1900, about 40% of new verbs have come from nouns.(自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词。) ”可知名词用作动词在很久以前就开始了，故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段“Even though the conversion (转化)is quite common, plenty of language experts disagree with it. William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White have this to say, “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but some are in doubt. ”The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care. (尽管这种转换很常见，但许多语言专家不同意这种说法。小威廉·斯特伦克和E. B.怀特说：“近来许多名词都被当作动词使用了。不是所有的都是坏的，但有些是有疑问的。” 《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点，建议作者在使用动词时要格外小心。)”可知语言专家对名词用作动词的态度是小心谨慎的，故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据最后两段，尤其最后一句“Not every new word passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.(并不是每个新词都被广泛使用，但至于试图完全结束动词，还是算了吧。)”可推断名词用作动词是不可能结束的。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Though many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer , few would say that we’ve “summered”. “Summer” is clearly a noun - a verbed noun.”（虽然去年夏天我们中的许多人可能都去了某个美好的地方，但很少有人会说我们已经“summerered”了。“Summer”显然是一个名词——一个动词化的名词。）可知，本文讨论的是名词用作动词引起的争议。A、B、C三项在文中略有提及，但不是主要内容。D项中的summering和medaling皆为文中列举的名词用作动词的例子，最能概括文章主题，作为标题最贴切。故选D。
16．C 17．F 18．A 19．D 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了帮助你在谈话中显得外向的四种方法。
16．上文“Once you’ve established eye contact, give the other person a friendly smile.(一旦你们建立了眼神交流，给对方一个友好的微笑。)”提到了友好的微笑，C项中的smiles back是关键词与上文的a friendly smile呼应，同时与下文“If the person doesnot respond or does not expect to be approached(如果这个人没有回应或不希望被接近)”构成对比关系，所以C选项“如果那个人对你微笑，那就走过去。”符合语境。故选C项。
17．上文“Ask some open-ended questions.(问一些开放式的问题。)”提到了问问题，F项中questions是关键词，与上文呼应，构成顺承关系，所以F选项“这些问题要求别人的回答不仅仅是“是”或“不是”。”符合语境。故选F项。
18．下文“You might see some of the same people every day, but never acknowledge(致意) them.(你可能每天都见到同样的一些人，但从不向他们致意。)”和“The next time you order a coffee or check out at the grocery store, smile at the person helping you and say“thank you” .(下次你点咖啡或在杂货店结账时，微笑着对帮助你的人说“谢谢”。)”提到了向周边的人致意和表达感谢，A项中thank you是关键词，与下文的acknowledge和thank you呼应，所以A选项“尽可能在公共场合说谢谢。”能概括下文内容，符合语境。故选A项。
19．上文“This small act will help you become more comforta- ble interacting with others.(这个小小的举动将帮助你在与他人交往时变得更加自如。)”提到了向身边的人表达感谢的益处，D项中it是关键词，指代上文的This small act，所以D选项“这可能会让对方的一天变得更加光明。”承接上文，符合语境，故选D项。
20．上文“After you become a bit more comfortable talking to people you know, try talking to new people as you go through your day.(当你和你认识的人交谈变得更加自如之后，在你的一天中试着和新的人交谈。)”提到了和新人交谈，E项中strangers是关键词，与上文new people呼应，所以E选项“一开始，你可能会觉得和陌生人说话不舒服。”承接上文，符合语境。故选E项。
21．D 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．C 26．B 27．A 28．A 29．C 30．D 31．A 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了加利福尼亚州亚希印第安部落的最后一个人的故事。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个警察以为他是从精神病院跑出来的，所以把他带到警察局，防止他伤害别人。A. native本地人；B. doctor医生；C. professor教授；D. policeman警察。根据下文“so he took him to the police station”可知，此处指一名警察。故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个警察以为他是从精神病院跑出来的，所以把他带到警察局，防止他伤害别人。A. seeing看见；B. visiting访问；C. hurting伤害；D. attracting吸引。根据上文“A 　　1　　thought he had run away from a mental hospital, so he took him to the police station”及常识可知，精神病人会伤害到他人，故选C。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几天里，人们来找这个疯子谈话。A. sick患病的；B. injured受伤的；C. mad有精神病的；D. frightened受惊的。根据上文“A policeman thought he had run away from a mental hospital, so he took him to the police station to keep him from ____3____others. He didn’t speak English. ”他不会讲任何英语，又被警察当做疯子抓进警察局，可推断出，在语言不通和被抓到警察局的情感状态是“恐惧的，害怕的” 故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们用多种印第安语言和他交谈，但他一个字也听不懂。A. spell拼写；B. understand懂；C. miss错过；D. believe相信。根据上文“ They spoke to him in a number of Indian languages ”他们和他讲很多种印第安语言，根据转折连词but可知，他一个字也听不懂。故选B。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个部落曾经很大，但在淘金热的那些年里，几乎所有的亚希人都被杀了。A. rich丰富的；B. famous著名的；C. large大的；D. special特殊的。根据下文“but during the gold rush years nearly all of the Yahi had been killed.”可知，这个部落曾经很大。故选D。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，大约有50名部落成员活了下来，他们去沙漠生活了。A. active活跃的；B. alive活着的；C. calm平静的；D. healthy健康的。根据上文“but during the gold rush years nearly all of the Yahi had been killed”及下文“had gone to live in the desert”可知，大约有50名部落成员活了下来。故选B。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，这些年来，这个群体变得越来越小。A. Slowly慢慢地；B. Surprisingly令人惊讶的是；C. Naturally自然地；D. Certainly当然。根据下文“over the years, the group had become smaller and smaller.”及常识可知，这个幸存的部落群体慢慢地变得越来越小了。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，只剩下伊希一个人.A. left离开；B. found找到；C. saved保存；D. caught捕获。根据下文“However, after living for three years in complete 　　14　　, he died in 1916, and his 　　15　　 died with him.”及空前“only Ishi”可知，此处指这个部落只剩下伊希一个人.故选A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试着和伊希交流，说了一些印第安语。A. live生活；B. fight战斗；C. communicate交流；D. study研究。根据下文“and spoke some Indian languages. Ishi did not understand any of them.”可知，Professor Waterman想和伊希交流。故选C。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但后来，当教授说“iwini”（木头）并指着房间角落的床时，伊希很兴奋。A. sat on坐了下来；B. lay in嵌入；C. looked for寻找；D. pointed to指着。根据上文“He tried to 　　9　　 with Ishi and spoke some Indian languages. Ishi did not understand any of them.”可知，伊希听不懂教授说的话，所以教授应该是一边说“iwini”（木头），一边用手指着房间角落的床。故选D。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但后来，当教授说“iwini”（木头）并指着房间角落的床时，伊希很兴奋。A. excited兴奋的；B. inspired受到启发的；C. relieved缓解的；D. amazed惊奇的。根据下文“He laughed out loud.”可知，伊希应该是很开心、很兴奋。故选A。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是他三年多来听到的第一个用自己的语言表达的单词。A. heard听；B. taught教；C. spoken说；D. remembered记住。根据上文“when the professor said “iwini”(wood)”可知，此处指听到第一个用自己的语言表达的单词。故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这个词开始，沃特曼教授很快学会了如何与伊希交谈。A. lesson课；B. room房间；C. word单词；D. bed床。根据上文“But then, when the professor said “iwini’(wood) and 　　10　　 the bed in the comer of the room, Ishi was 　　11　　.”可知，伊希听懂了教授说的iwini，从这个单词开始，教授找到了和伊希交谈的办法。故选C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在完全孤独地生活了三年后，他于1916年去世，他的语言也随之而去。A. silence沉默；B. loneliness孤独；C. darkness黑暗；D. fear恐惧。根据语境可知，伊希是亚希印第安部落的最后一个人，所以此处指在完全孤独地生活了三年后，他于1916年去世。故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在完全孤独地生活了三年后，他于1916年去世，他的语言也随之而去。A. story故事；B. friend朋友；C. hope希望；D. language语言。根据语境可知，伊希是亚希印第安部落的最后一个人，所以他的语言随着他的去世也消失了。故选D。
36．which 37．that 38．difficulty 39．dealing 40．on 41．severely 42．families 43．lowest 44．have caused 45．a
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国家庭对孩子的教育投入过多而导致出生率下降的问题。
36．考查定语从句。句意：最新研究显示，2021年，中国将一个孩子抚养到18岁的平均成本为48.5万元，远远高于美国和日本。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是485,000 yuan，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
37．考查代词。句意：句意：最新研究显示，2021年，中国将一个孩子抚养到18岁的平均成本为48.5万元，远远高于美国和日本。分析句子结构可知，此处是拿美国和日本的抚养孩子成本和中国对比，所以此处应该用代词that指代前面提到过的情形。故填that。
38．考查名词。句意：抚养孩子的高成本是中国政策制定者在应对迅速下降的出生率时面临的另一个困难。分析句子结构可知，空格前面有one more修饰，所以这里用可数名词单数形式作表语，difficulty困难，名词。故填difficulty。
39．考查状语从句的省略。句意：抚养孩子的高成本是中国政策制定者在应对迅速下降的出生率时面临的另一个困难。分析句子结构可知，此处是while引导的时间状语从句的省略，从句主语是Chinese policymakers，与从句谓语动词deal是主动关系，故从句的完整形式是while they are dealing with rapidly decreasing birth rates，从句主语与主句主语一致且从句含有be动词，常省略从句的主语和be动词。故填dealing。
40．考查介词。句意：专家警告说，中国人口老龄化将给医疗和社会保障体系带来压力。固定搭配put pressure on，表示“把压力放在……上”。故填on。
41．考查副词。句意：劳动力减少还可能严重限制这个全球第二大经济体未来几年的增长。此处修饰动词limit，应用副词severely，作状语。故填severely。
42．考查名词复数。句意：新政策允许家庭最多生三个孩子。分析句子结构可知，空处需填名词做宾语，family意为“家庭”时为可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式。故填families。
43．考查形容词。句意：这是自从1949年国家统计局开始记录这些信息以来的最低水平。low兼具名词和形容词词性，前面有the修饰，应用形容词low的最高级形式，the lowest作表语，表示“最低水平”，相当于名词。故填lowest。
44．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，抚养一个孩子的高昂费用已经导致中国官员对私人家教行业进行了限制。由时间状语“in the last few years”可知，应用现在完成时，主语是名词复数costs，助动词用have。故填have caused。
45．考查不定冠词。句意：一些城市还给夫妻钱来再养第二或第三个孩子。分析句子意思可知，序数词前用不定冠词，表示“再一，又一”。故填a。
46．Dear Susan,
How’s everything going There will be an exhibition in the city museum this Saturday evening. I am writing to invite you to go together.
The exhibition to be held from 7 pm to 9:30 pm is about Chinese painting and calligraphy. And the works by some modern artists will be showed/displayed, which helps carry forward Chinese culture. As a Chinese learner, you will surely be attracted to such a great event. I’ve got two tickets. Why not enjoy the exhibition together and meet at 6:30 pm at the entrance gate of the museum
Please let me know if you can come. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是李华，周六在市博物馆有一场中国书画展，你打算邀请在华留学生Susan一起去欣赏，请写一封邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举行：hold→host
一起：go together→come along
欣赏：enjoy→admire
吸引：attract→appeal
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：I’ve got two tickets. Why not enjoy the exhibition together and meet at 6:30 pm at the entrance gate of the museum
拓展句：Since I’ve got two tickets, why not enjoy the exhibition together and meet at 6:30 pm at the entrance gate of the museum
【点睛】[高分句型1] And the works by some modern artists will be showed/displayed, which helps carry forward Chinese culture. (运用了which非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Please let me know if you can come. (运用了if引导条件状语从句)
47．Thirty minutes after she left, it started to snow heavily. It was freezing cold. I zipped up my jacket and pulled my head inside. At some point I nodded off to sleep. I didn’t know how long I had slept, but I woke up with my upper body slipping backward into the quicksand. I quickly planted my stick into the dry ground to stop my fall. Wet and exhausted, I couldn’t even feel my right leg. It had been hours since Jessika left, and it was getting dark. Maybe this time I wasn’t going to make it, I thought desperately to myself.
Just as I was going to give up, a flashlight shone across my eyes. It must be the rescuers! I yelled for help at once. Jessika appeared in the darkness and rushed to me in a great hurry, followed by the rescue team. They gathered around me very soon and started working. The team held me under each shoulder and tried to pull me out with the help of some tools. When they pulled, it felt as if my leg were being ripped off. Finally, I was saved out of the quicksand. Tears welling up in our eyes, Jessika and I thanked the team with all our hearts gratefully. I was trapped for so long that I thought for sure I would die. But I didn’t.
【导语】本文以故事情节发展为线索，讲述了作者和女朋友杰西卡一起去犹他州锡安国家公园远足，途中天气由晴转小雪，他们还遇到了一个小池塘，因为看起来很浅，他们蹚水穿过，杰西卡走在前面。但很不幸，池塘里有流沙，杰西卡陷了进去，作者救出来杰西卡，但自己却陷了进去，杰西卡奋力救他，还是没有成功。作者内心以为自己可能熬不过去了，但是还是抱着一线希望告诉杰西卡，去路程几个小时外的终点求助救援队，在作者快撑不住的时候，救援队终于来了，把作者救了上来。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“她离开30分钟后，开始下起了大雪。”可知，第一段可描写杰西卡去寻找救援之后，天气越发糟糕，作者一个人的处境越来越难。
②由第二段首句内容“正当我打算放弃的时候，手电筒照在我的眼睛上。”可知，第二段可描写救援队把作者就上来之后的场景和感想。
2.续写线索：去远足——遇到池塘阻挡前路——蹚水过池塘——遇流沙陷进去——杰西卡去寻找救援队解救作者——救援队赶到，作者成功获救
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.插入：plant into/stick into
②.大叫：yell/shout
情绪类
①.绝望地：desperately/hopelessly
②.感激地：gratefully/appreciatively
【点睛】[高分句型1]. When they pulled, it felt as if my leg were being ripped off.（由连词when引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]. I was trapped for so long that I thought for sure I would die.（由连词so…that引导的结果状语从句）

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