2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中复习（人教版2019）
专题03 期中复习阅读理解之议论文19篇（各地市期中真题）
一、阅读理解
（2024高二下·湖北期中）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Read a few news headlines and you'll see some common themes: the rising number of languages dying worldwide, the isolation of individual last speakers, and the wider cultural loss for humanity. These stories often mention how people try to protect such languages. However, they tend to focus less on how such efforts actually help speakers of endangered languages. Such efforts sometimes help, sometimes harm, and sometimes do both.
Encouraging someone to keep speaking a declining minority language could certainly boost his or her sense of identity. But when a bigger language is adopted somewhere, it doesn't remove everything that came before. Often, intense contact between big and small languages leads to a new mixture - for example, Sheng in Kenya and Tsotsitaal in South Africa. In other cases, such language contact results in a new localized dialect. As linguist Peter Trudgill argues, this can also hold a highly local identity.
Sure enough, enabling a people to use their traditional language can make them feel better about themselves. But is it really helping them Simply adding your ancestral language as a new school subject isn't very helpful if your school is falling down, or you're not eating well. To think anything much can be solved just by performing CPR (心肺复苏) in a minority language is to ignore how complicated human society is and how many different simultaneous (同时的) needs we have.
In Québec, Canada, just under 75% of residents have French as their native language, but the percentage has fallen over the past five years. In 2022, the Québec Legislature passed Bill 96, which requires people to only use French for official speech and writing. This is an example of the prioritization of language, yet it's unclear whether the law will actually improve Québec residents' lives, or even help preserve French in Québec.
So promoting endangered languages can be a positive force, but we shouldn't assume that's universally true. It is especially difficult for a language expert to say so. Perhaps we should focus less on languages themselves, and pay more attention to the lives of the people who speak them.
1．What do the news stories about languages usually focus on
A．The efforts to save endangered languages.
B．The future development of our languages.
C．The cultural functions of languages worldwide.
D．The problem with promoting language uniformity.
2．What can a bigger adopted language bring about according to Peter Trudgill
A．The separation from the past.
B．The enrichment of local cultures.
C．The loss of social interaction.
D．The preservation of people's identity.
3．What can be inferred about saving endangered languages
A．It will take ages to see its effect.
B．It requires more attention to native speakers.
C．It will guarantee a win-win result.
D．It needs more focus on languages themselves.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．How to Improve Minority Language Speakers' Life
B．How to Boost Minority Language speakers' Identity
C．Promotion of French in Canada: Fruitful or Fruitless
D．Endangered Language Protection: Helpful or Harmful
（2024高二下·高州期中）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A new report connects eating eggs to an increased risk of heart disease. The results follow several earlier studies that found eating eggs was generally healthy. The study collects data from six other earlier studies. It shows a 6 percent increased risk of heart disease when the number of eggs a person ate each day increased by half an egg.
Norrina Allen, an associate professor at Northwestern University said that, in the United States, eggs are generally one of the top sources of cholesterol(胆固醇)in a person's daily food. People with higher levels of cholesterol in their food are at increased risk of the development of heart disease later in life. However, Allen added that she would not say that eggs are completely unhealthy. "I'm not saying that people should take them completely out of their food," she said. "I'm just suggesting that people eat them in a proper amount."
Some experts believe the new study does not prove that eggs are causing heart disease. "Cholesterol's role in the development of heart disease has been discussed for more than 30 years," said Bruemmer, an associate professor of medicine at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. "This study does have clear shortcomings, including self-reporting at a single time point," he added.
Bruemmer said, "Eggs in moderation are probably acceptable from a nutritional standpoint." "Moderation," he added, "is less than one egg a day, including eggs in foods such as bread".
Holly Andersen, a doctor at the NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, agrees that the study has "real shortcomings". One problem Andersen has with the study is that a lot of the egg-eating people in the study also appeared to be eating much meat and processed meat. "If you're taking a lot of processed meat, it doesn't matter how many eggs you're eating," Andersen said.
Also, Andersen said, "The study can only show there is a relation between eggs eating and heart disease. But it cannot prove eggs are the cause of the disease. It may just be that people eating a lot of eggs are also taking a lot of bacon."
5．What does Norrina Allen agree with
A．Eggs are completely unhealthy.
B．Eggs contain the most cholesterol.
C．Eggs should be eaten in a right amount.
D．Eggs have no connection with heart disease.
6．What is Bruemmer's attitude towards the study
A．Interested. B．Doubtful. C．Concerned. D．Hopeful.
7．What can we learn from Holly Andersen's words
A．Eggs and meat cannot be eaten together.
B．Processed meat may cause heart disease.
C．Processed meat should be avoided.
D．The study is supported by evidence.
8．What's the best title of the text
A．Do eggs cause heart disease
B．Are eggs the top source of cholesterol
C．What's the proper amount of eggs eaten
D．Is the cholesterol to blame for heart disease
（2024高二下·浏阳期中）As AI art generators take the world by storm, some people wonder if their works should count as art at all. The technology is still developing and has some wrinkles to iron out (消除), which means there are indeed flaws to consider alongside the incredible artwork a good artificial intelligence can produce.
Art is classed as the product of imagination, skill, experience, and emotion, usually meant to represent something for the public to enjoy. Artists spent time and effort putting their inner worlds onto these works. Machine intelligence also puts a lot of work into sorting through tons of data, linking someone's prompt (指令) to datasets, and trying to represent it as best as possible. The difference is that the AI is driven by commands instead of an emotional desire to express itself.
AI painters can produce over 1,000 original works of art with every tap of the enter key on a keyboard. But a mass-produced print of the Mona Lisa is worth less than the actual Leonardo da Vinci's painting. Why Scarcity — there's only one of the original. Should anyone pay for these things And if an artist puts AI masterpieces up for sale, what should the price be
AI art involves a program mimicking (模仿) the work of existing artists to create a new piece according to the request of a human. But who made the artwork, the machine or its user And can the original artists sue for (控告) copyright violation Such questions complicate the merging of artificial intelligence and the art industry, while fueling arguments against recognizing AI-generated art as marketable artistic products.
Once we've answered those questions, we can tackle the really big one: When an AI-generated painting wins an award, who gets the prize
9．How is AI art different from human art
A．It is the product of experience.
B．It combines different styles of work.
C．It is not a mirror of artists' emotions.
D．It doesn't cost much money to produce.
10．Why does the writer mention Mona Lisa in paragraph 3
A．To present the potential trouble with the value of AI art.
B．To introduce a new way of preserving art masterpieces.
C．To show the advantages of AI painters over human artists.
D．To prove the popularity of classic artworks among viewers.
11．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A．AI art promotes the sale of artistic products.
B．AI art makes copyright issues more complicated.
C．Artists can create more works with the help of AI.
D．There will be fierce competition in the art industry.
12．What is the purpose of the text
A．To persuade. B．To inform. C．To describe. D．To argue.
（2024高二下·梅州期中）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
We cannot argue with reality. We cannot argue with science. Therefore, we simply cannot argue with the fact that there are no straight lines in the universe.
Let's start with science. The science of a straight line falls under the subject of physics. It might seem like a complicated topic, but the theory behind it is pretty simple. If you start rowing in a boat from one place and keep sailing, the concept of the curved（弯曲的） Earth will take you in a circle and you will end up where you started. The brain forms the concept of a straight line to simplify what you see in nature. Consider it a tool for the mind to recognize reality.
The concept of straight lines was controversial and heavily influenced the politics and society of Europe from the 15th century to the 17th century. Greek thinkers and scholars like Aristotle in the 5th century already proved that the Earth was a globe, but many Europeans at that time did not believe in this idea! However, some Europeans during the Age of Exploration denied this belief. Just as the famous Italian scientist Galileo Galilei was persecuted（迫害） for advocating a heliocentric （日心的） model of the solar system, many thinkers like Giordano Bruno were shamed for believing that the Earth was round.
Well, my friends, let's move on to life. The concept of nothing going in a straight line can be associated with life as much as it relates to science and architecture. Whenever you do something, it never turns out to play out exactly as planned. I especially know that as a thirteen-year-old! Life is a rough road—every time you go forward, it is followed by two steps back or to the side. Just like how science explains it, life is a curvy path full of unexpected twists, turns, and adventures that nobody can ever predict.
13． What does paragraph 1 function as
A．An introduction to the topic.
B．A means to attract readers.
C．An explanation of a common sense.
D．A proof of the author's opinion.
14． What would happen without the concept of straight line
A．The mind could not recognize realities.
B．Things in nature might look complicated.
C．What you see in nature could seem simple.
D．People in the 16th century might find the Earth flat.
15．Which can best describe the road of proving the Earth round
A．Plain and smooth. B．Easy but fruitless.
C．Long and tough. D．Bothersome but safe.
16． What's the best title for the text
A．A Straight Line: Everything Simple
B．A Straight Line: People's Good Wish
C．A Straight Line: Difficult To Prove
D．A Straight Line: Simply Nonexistent
（2024高二下·信宜期中）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项。
What do classrooms, computer desks, cafeterias(自助食堂), and libraries have in common That's the places where students spend so much of their time. Although hours of studying burn mental energy, both your body and mind need physical exercise to function efficiently.
The importance of exercise is nothing new. Thomas Jefferson once wrote that to be successful in academic studies, a person should spend two hours on exercise every day, for health must not be sacrificed(牺牲) for learning. A strong body makes the mind strong.
It turns out Jefferson was on to something. A study by researchers at Tufts University found that students who said they exercised at least 3 days a week were more likely to report a better state of physical health and greater happiness than those who didn't exercise. This and other evidence suggest that the real benefits of exercise may not come right after a workout but from a longer commitment to regular activity.
But experts today do not demand 2 hours of daily exercise. The U. S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that people get at least 60 minutes of physical activity most days of the week.
Walking, jogging and swimming are easy ways to increase your heart rate and improve health. Exercise can also help lower blood pressure and reduce stress. For women, exercise that makes the body and bones bear weight—like walking or running—may reduce the risk of osteoporosis(骨质疏松) later in life.
You'll likely discover another benefit of exercise as well: greater self-confidence. This may make it easier for you to participate in class and help you perform well in academic and social situations.
17．What can be inferred from the first paragraph
A．A lot of students like to read while eating.
B．Dining halls can also be used to do exercise.
C．Study and exercise burn the same amount of energy.
D．Many students don't pay enough attention to exercise.
18． What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Jefferson's statement made sense.
B．Jefferson was very fond of exercise.
C．Jefferson was on the way to doing exercise.
D．Jefferson increased the importance of exercise.
19．What's mainly talked about in the text
A．The importance of exercise.
B．How to choose a suitable sport.
C．How to keep healthy by exercising.
D．The link between exercise and study.
（2024高二下·大祥期中）There has been a recent wave in Hollywood where studios take popular animated (动画的) films and "improve" upon them by changing them into live-action remakes. The thought that live-action movies are better because they follow the laws of the natural world degrades the style of animation.
The beauty of animation is that its use of caricatures (漫画) and exaggerations (夸张) reflects an amazing amount of creative depth in characters stories that reality cannot. Looking at the bigger picture, it becomes clear that the true purpose of Disney's ever growing list of live-action remakes is not to comment on the value of animation, although it indirectly does, but a quick way to take advantage of nostalgic (怀旧的) fans.
For evidence, look no further than Disney's 2019 The Lion King live-action remake, a retelling of the 1994 animated classic. It broke several box office records, raking in a whopping $543.6 million globally in box office sales alone. However, in comparison to the original, the audience satisfaction with the remake decreased greatly on Rotten Tomatoes. This is similar to the the remakes of Beauty and the Beast, Cinderella, Dumbo, Aladdin, and the countless other live-action remakes Disney has produced within the last 5 years. This means that Disney no longer needs to come up with new and original content because they can make a big profit just by taking beloved stories and remaking them.
In fact, Disney looks at itself as a business, and therefore considers making a profit as one of their main aims.
The problem with this mentality (心态) is that, while Disney makes a huge profit, audiences, artists, and art suffer. They may no longer create new stories or art styles, but rather serve as money-making machines that require directors to produce the same stories with a fresh coat of paint every 10 years or so. If this cycle continues, artists will be held back from creating new lovable characters and stories full of creativity. The feeling of nostalgia when we see old Disney films could possibly never happen-to newer generations if this cycle does not stop.
20．What does the author think of live-action remakes
A．They slow down Hollywood development.
B．They've failed to become a popular art form.
C．They are poor at showing the beauty of nature.
D．They destroy the artistic expression of animation.
21．What makes animation attractive
A．It bases its stories on reality. B．It uses many special effects.
C．It explores characters fully. D．It brings back fans' memories.
22．Why does the author mention the live-action remakes in paragraph 3
A．To tell us Disney has given up its originality.
B．To show Disney has focused more on making money.
C．To prove too many remakes have been produced.
D．To show audiences have high expectations of remakes.
23．What is wrong with Disney's choice
A．It reduces Disney's incomes.
B．It demands more from directors.
C．It hurts new-generation audiences.
D．It causes artists to be less creative.
（2024高二下·嘉陵期中）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Art museums are full of centuries-old paintings with details of plants that today give us clues about evolution and breeding.
Exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, The Harvesters created in 1565 shows farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are. "Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see that wheat is about knee height. The short wheat is essentially a consequence of breeding from the second half of the 20th century," said biologist Ive De Smet.
According to De Smet, wheat is just one example of how historical artworks can allow us to track the transformation of crops over time. He has teamed up with art historian David Vergauwen to seek similar kinds of artworks around the world.
As friends since childhood, their interest in plants in artworks began with a visit to a museum in Russia, where they noticed an old-looking watermelon in an early-7th-century painting. A watermelon is usually believed to be red on the inside. However, that one appeared to be pale and white. De Smet assured the painter had done a poor job. But Verguawen had a different idea. "This is one of the best painters ever in that era. So, if he painted it like that, that's the way it must have looked like."
Other paintings revealed that there were both red and white watermelons grown in the 17th century. The chemical compound that makes watermelons red is lycopene (番茄红素). "There must have been some sort of mutation (突变) preventing the accumulation of that color. Now, with all the genetic knowledge that we have of various plant species, we can look in more detail at how something comes about."
De Smet and Verguawen hope to create an online research database of historical plant artworks. They call for contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media. But they caution, the source paintings need to be realistic. "If you're going to use, for example, Picasso's paintings to try and understand what a pear looked like in the early 20th century, you might be misled." Instead, such an attempt could be fruitless.
24．What can we infer about wheat from Paragraph 2
A．It became shorter and shorter as it evolved.
B．It was about knee height in the 16th century.
C．It might have had no short varieties before the 1950s.
D．It showed different heights as farmers' heights changed.
25．What aroused De Smet and Verguswen's interest in historical plant artworks
A．Their lifelong friendship.
B．A white watermelon in a painting.
C．Their professional background.
D．An argument over the best painters.
26．Why is Picasso mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To give an example of historical plant artwork.
B．To showcase the contributions of art enthusiasts.
C．To describe the appearance of a pear in the early 20th century.
D．To emphasize the significance of using realistic source paintings.
27．What is the main idea of the text
A．Plant evolution progresses throughout history.
B．Old art provides fascinating insights into agriculture.
C．Ancient art demonstrates the presence of white watermelons.
D．Plants serve as a popular subject in numerous historical artworks.
（2024高二下·丰台期中）Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of "weak" or "narrow" AI, to create "strong" or "full" AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today's powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to "solve intelligence". "If we're successful," their mission statement reads, "we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made."
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever." Good went on to suggest that "the first ultra-intelligent machine" could be "the last invention that man need ever make."
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by many works of fiction — Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true AGI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.
28．What does the underlined word "ubiquitous" in Paragraph I probably mean
A．Enormous in quantity. B．Changeable daily.
C．Stable in quality. D．Present everywhere.
29．What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters
A．Help to tackle problems. B．Make brains more active.
C．Benefit ambitious people. D．Set up powerful databases.
30．As for Irving Good's opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is ____________.
A．supportive B．disapproving C．fearful D．uncertain
31．What can be inferred about AGI from the passage
A．It may be only a dream.
B．It will come into being soon.
C．It will be controlled by humans.
D．It may be more dangerous than ever.
（2024高二下·嘉兴期中） 阅读下面短文并做每篇后面的题目。从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题的最佳选项。
Here at The Literacy Site we're big believers in playtime. So is one school in Texas, following the tradition of many schools in Finland (芬兰). And now research is on board too.
Debbie Rhea, a researcher from Texas Christian University, designed the program now in place at Eagle Mountain Elementary, in which children have four 15-minute recess (课间休息) periods throughout the school day. She heard about the success of the Finnish school system and decided to take a trip there to study it. When she returned, she began working with schools here in the U.S. to do something similar.
At Eagle Mountain Elementary, students now get three times as much recess as they used to have; outdoor time has been swelled from 20 minutes to an hour each day. The program also focuses on helping kids develop character instead of just test-taking skills.
Since carrying out the program, teachers are noticing that their students are more attentive and less restless. They make more eye contact, have better test scores, and seem to be healthier and happier overall. They even need to sharpen their pencils less because they spend less time chewing (不停地啃) on them. Schools in three other states are starting a similar program after seeing this one perform so well.
In other areas of the country, however, schools have been cutting back on playtime to squeeze in (使挤入) longer lecture periods to prepare kids for standardized tests.
Cutting recess is, no doubt, a decision made with good purposes. But is the traditional lecture-and-test method really effective Does reducing recess time make more learning happen The results of recent research say no. A 2014 study showed that the benefits of high-quality recess programs include a drop in bullying and conflicts (冲突), and an increase in the amount of safety and happiness students feel. Children have even been shown to learn better immediately following a break like recess, according to research done by Robert Murray, an expert at Ohio State University.
"If you want a child to be attentive and stay on task, and also if you want them to understand the information you're giving them, you've got to give them regular (经常的) breaks, he said.
32．What does the underlined word "swelled" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Stressed. B．Measured. C．Increased. D．Exchanged.
33．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The goals of the program.
B．The benefits of the program.
C．Teachers' advice on the program.
D．Other schools' reactions to the program.
34．Why did the author mention the 2014 study in paragraph 6
A．To explore why some schools like to cut recess.
B．To show how kids make use of their recess time.
C．To explain why cutting recess should be stopped.
D．To describe how hard it is to ensure kids' recess time.
（2024高二下·余姚期中）Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.
The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice.
35．What is Droll's idea about forgiveness
A．People should offer mercy to others.
B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
36．What does the example in Paragraph 3 illustrate
A．To fight is to grow. B．To give is to receive.
C．To forgive is to abuse. D．To dominate is to harm.
37．What is the writer's attitude toward forgiveness
A．Favorable. B．Reserved. C．Objective. D．Skeptical.
38．What message does the last paragraph convey
A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time.
C．It takes practice to forgive. D．Actuality is based on potentiality.
（2024高二下·济南期中）The first time you start to read a poem, you must relax and read through it without concentrating on its meaning. Imagine you are meeting a person for the first time. You will just observe him and listen to his voice, as well as watch his shapes or movements, but you have not yet known what he is all about. Likewise, you may enjoy the sound, rhythms, or wording, and form some first impressions about a poem.
On your second reading, you should concentrate more on the general meaning of the poem. This time, you will want to compare your feelings about the poem by now with how you felt before. Are they the same What is different and why
Your third reading will focus more on details: the words, phrases, or images. Looking up any unfamiliar words in a dictionary so that you can gain a more accurate understanding. Using the example given above about meeting someone, his image will change gradually and slightly as you meet and learn more about him. Therefore, in your additional readings, it is a good idea to compare your understanding each time with the understanding before.
A helpful approach to further understanding a poem is to summarize it in your own pare your version of understanding with those of others reading the same poem, and listen to how they form such opinions. Remember, however, that there is no exact or right meaning for a poem, as most poets have admitted they themselves are not exactly sure what they meant when writing certain lines or phrases; they have even been heard to say on occasion that sometimes words just seem to "drop from heaven" and land on the page. That is what awakening the imagination is all about. If you are lucky, and if you practice enough, magical things may happen when you write and you may be able to produce a beautiful poem or other work of art yourself.
39．Why does the author give the example of "meeting a person"
A．To arouse readers' interest B．To support his argument
C．To offer some advice D．To interpret his point
40．What will you gain from the third reading of a poem
A．General meaning. B．Rhythm beauty.
C．Deeper meaning. D．Poetic structure.
41．What does the underlined word " that " refer to
A．Poets themselves don't understand their poems.
B．Beautiful poems drop from heaven occasionally.
C．Poetic meanings are open to different explanations.
D．Writing a summary helps understand a poem.
42．What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A．Inspiration and hard work help create great poems.
B．Poetry is an expression of one's will in words.
C．Practice and patience make a man perfect.
D．Luck marches with those who give their very best.
（2024高二下·浙江期中）In a policy address to lawmakers, Japan's Prime Minister, Fumio Kishida, said the country's population problem was a case of solving the issue "now or never", and that it "simply cannot wait any longer because it can affect social functions".
"In thinking of the sustainability and inclusiveness (包容) of our nation's economy and society, we place child care support as our most important policy," he said, adding that he wants the government to double its spending on child-related programs, and that a new government agency would be set up in April to focus on the issue.
Japan has one of the lowest birth rates in the world, and it recorded fewer than 800, 000 births in 2022 for the first time since records began in 1899. The country also has one of the highest aging of population in the world; in 2020, nearly one in 1, 500 people in Japan were age 100 or older, according to government data.
These trends have driven a growing population problem, with a rapidly aging society, a shrinking workforce and not enough young people to fill the gaps in the stagnating (停滞) economy. The country's high cost of living, limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children, meaning fewer couples are having kids. Experts point to the pessimism young people in Japan hold towards the future, many frustrated with work pressure and economic stagnation.
How about other parts of East Asia South Korea recently broke its own record for the world's lowest birth rate, with data from November 2023 showing a South Korean woman will have an average of 0.79 children in her lifetime-far below the 2.1 needed to maintain a stable population. Japan's birth rate stands at 1.3, while the United States is at 1.6. Meanwhile, China's population shrank in 2022 for the first time, adding pressure to its economic growth.
43．With the falling birth rate, what's the attitude of the Japanese government
A．Surprised. B．Anxious. C．Embarrassed. D．Indifferent.
44．Which of the following has led the low birth rate in Japan EXCEPT
A．The limited space.
B．The trend of aging population.
C．The lack of child care support.
D．The work pressure and economic stagnation.
45．What are the statistics in the last paragraph used to show
A．Serious population crisis.
B．Ignorance of the birth rate.
C．Weak care services for children.
D．Potential harm to children's health.
46．The passage is probably taken from ________.
A．a tour guide. B．a science fiction.
C．a job advertisement. D．a official government website.
（2024高二下·番禺期中）Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below. When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time. No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired. Just the sort of fix we're looking for.
"Thank you, but no thank you." says Ralph King, a climate scientist. He told Grey Childs. author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, "but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter" to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can't. Technology won't give us a free ride.
Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won't be climate victims, we will be climate Choosers. More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives. The engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate. but that then "Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back, Grey writes." "Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will," he says.
Me I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I'm happy not to be in charge.
47．Why does the author mention Jason Box's experiment in the first paragraph
A．To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B．To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C．To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D．To arouse people's attention to the problem of global warming.
48．Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with
A．The fight against climate change will not succeed.
B．Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.
C．It's best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D．Jason's experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
49．What is Grey Childs's attitude to human's controlling the climate
A．Favorable B．Tolerant C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
50．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．But should we fix the climate
B．Is climate change a real problem
C．How can we take care of the earth
D．What if all the glaciers disappeared
（2024高二下·高州期中）A new report connects eating eggs to an increased risk of heart disease. The results follow several earlier studies that found eating eggs was generally healthy. The study collects data from six other earlier studies. It shows a 6 percent increased risk of heart disease when the number of eggs a person ate each day increased by half an egg.
Norrina Allen, an associate professor at Northwestern University said that, in the United States, eggs are generally one of the top sources of cholesterol(胆固醇)in a person's daily food. People with higher levels of cholesterol in their food are at increased risk of the development of heart disease later in life. However, Allen added that she would not say that eggs are completely unhealthy. "I'm not saying that people should take them completely out of their food," she said. "I'm just suggesting that people eat them in a proper amount."
Some experts believe the new study does not prove that eggs are causing heart disease. "Cholesterol's role in the development of heart disease has been discussed for more than 30 years," said Bruemmer, an associate professor of medicine at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. "This study does have clear shortcomings, including self-reporting at a single time point," he added.
Bruemmer said, "Eggs in moderation(适度)are probably acceptable from a nutritional standpoint." "Moderation," he added, "is less than one egg a day, including eggs in foods such as bread".
Holly Andersen, a doctor at the NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, agrees that the study has "real shortcomings". One problem Andersen has with the study is that a lot of the egg-eating people in the study also appeared to be eating much meat and processed meat. "If you're taking a lot of processed meat, it doesn't matter how many eggs you're eating," Andersen said.
Also, Andersen said, "The study can only show there is a relation between eggs eating and heart disease. But it cannot prove eggs are the cause of the disease. It may just be that people eating a lot of eggs are also taking a lot of bacon."
51．What does Norrina Allen agree with
A．Eggs are completely unhealthy.
B．Eggs contain the most cholesterol.
C．Eggs should be eaten in a right amount.
D．Eggs have no connection with heart disease.
52．What is Bruemmer's attitude towards the study
A．Interested. B．Doubtful. C．Concerned. D．Hopeful.
53．What can we learn from Holly Andersen's words
A．Eggs and meat cannot be eaten together.
B．Processed meat may cause heart disease.
C．Processed meat should be avoided.
D．The study is supported by evidence.
54．What's the best title of the text
A．Do eggs cause heart disease
B．Are eggs the top source of cholesterol
C．What's the proper amount of eggs eaten
D．Is the cholesterol to blame for heart disease
（2024高二下·房山期中）A person could be forgiven for believing 20 years ago that the Internet would soon revolutionise academic publishing, because it became possible for publishers to spread scholarly work at the click of a button — much cheaper than the traditional subscription-based (订阅) model. Recognising the opportunity, many scholars and librarians started to advocate a new, open access model, in which articles are made freely available online to anyone. The result would be a true online public library of science.
However, more than two decades later, the movement has made little progress, and the traditional subscription-based model remains entrenched.
Fortunately, things are changing. A big shoe dropped when the University of California (UC) Libraries, on of the biggest library systems, declined to renew its contract with Elsevier, a leading scientific publisher. Elsevier wanted the libraries to pay two fees: one for its package of licensed journals and the other for the use of Elsevier's open access model. UC Libraries wanted the licensed journals fee to cover the open access fee; they also wanted open access to all UC researches published in Elsevier journals. When the two sides couldn't come to terms, the libraries walked away.
Actually, the open access revolution is more likely to be led by research funding agencies, who can use their purse power to promote open access. A team of funders, Coalition S, insisted that any research they fund should be published in a journal that makes all of its articles freely and immediately available to the public, which is called Plan S.
Now that some librarians and funders are flexing their muscles, what should academics do The worst response would be to complain that Plan S deprives (剥夺) them of academic freedom. Some thoughtful academics might worry that a shift to open access would affect their promotion. After all, subscription journals are more familiar and more prestigious (有威望的) in the current system. However, if enough academics support open access, the system could reach a tipping point beyond which subscriptions no longer signal prestige. Reaching that point would take considerable time and efforts, but it is possible.
When the journal system started in 1665, it was kind of a form of open access. Journals allowed academics to learn openly from one another. It was only in the 1900s that the journal system became thoroughly commoditized (商品化). Now is the time to bring it back to its roots.
55．What does the underlined word "entrenched" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A．Unpopular. B．Unfixed. C．Unchanged. D．Unknown.
56．What is the main cause of the failed negotiation between UC Libraries and Elsevier
A．The number of published researches. B．The charge for open access model.
C．The duration of the contract. D．The way of payment.
57．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Academics think open access model will help them get promoted.
B．Publishers are willing to abandon the subscription model gradually.
C．Establishing a true online public library of science requires joint efforts.
D．Open access model will soon take the place of subscription-based model.
58．What is the author's attitude towards the open access model
A．Disapproving. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.
（2024高二下·衡阳期中）Socially, few things are more annoying than someone repeatedly checking their phone in the middle of your conversation with them. Soon enough, you're having unhappy thoughts, thinking of their way like, I'm boring you; you're more concerned with whoever's on that phone than me; you don't care about me. None of that is necessarily true, but this is: "If someone is engaged in a great conversation, they wouldn't care about their phones," says Leslie, a psychologist and researcher at NYU.
Do you sometimes wonder: What should I have said to a rude person like this What if we have to talk to such maddening persons Experts have advice about how to deal with this.
Whether you say something or not, remember that the cell-addict's annoying habits aren't about you. "It's rude, for sure, but sometimes we mistake the behavior for more than what it is," says Leslie. "It's possible that they are facing something tough and merely experiencing nervousness or anxiety," he adds. It's also possible that their partner is stuck with a flat tyre (轮胎) or their kid is sick in hospital. The point is that you don't know.
So before you become angry at the cell-addict's open rudeness, focus instead on building a better conversation than whatever's going down on Instagram. You might never be able to achieve this, given the power of today's social media, so if you're close enough to a person, Leslie advises you to directly ask them: "What's on that thing that's so interesting " Chances are that they will apologise at once and quickly put the phone away. But if the answer is something real, talk about it. Better yet, you can avoid the situation in advance by saying something like, "I'm really interested in catching up properly, so how about we leave our phones in the car " If they indeed have that flat tyre or sick kid, at least you won't have to assume that it's because your stories are boring.
59．Why do people often check their phones according to Leslie
A．They are anxious about something.
B．They are enjoying the conversation.
C．They are bored with the conversation.
D．They are interested in what's on the phone.
60．What could be a reason for the cell-addicts' annoying habits according to Leslie
A．They may be nervous or anxious.
B．They are being rude intentionally.
C．They are avoiding the conversation.
D．They are disinterested in social interactions.
61．What is a better way to deal with the rudeness
A．Talking about something real.
B．Asking the other person directly.
C．Avoiding the situation in advance.
D．Asking the other person for explanation.
62．What's the main idea of the text
A．What is a cell-addict.
B．How to deal with a cell-addict.
C．Why people repeatedly check their phones.
D．When to cut in appropriately during a conversation.
（2024高二下·丰台期中）Try Hard, but Not That Hard.So many of us were raised with the belief of hard work and max effort, taught that what we put in was what we got out. Now, some coaches and corporate leaders have a new message.
Trying to run at top speed will actually lead to slower running times. Lifting heavy weights until you absolutely can't any more won't spark more muscle gain than stopping a little sooner. The trick — be it in exercise, or anything — is to try for 85%. Aiming for perfection often makes us feel awful, burns us out and backfires. Instead, count the fact that you hit eight out of 10 of your targets this quarter as a win.
"I already messed it up," Sherri Phillips would regret after missing one of her daily personal goals. Last year, the COO of a Manhattan photography business began tracking metrics like her sleep quality and exercise time. It was only after she switched to aiming for 85% success over a week that she stuck with her efforts, instead of giving up when she missed a mark.
Dialing in on the sweet spot of 85% can help us grow. In a 2019 paper, researchers used machine learning to try to find the ideal difficulty level to learn new things. The neural network they created, meant to mimic the human brain, learned best when it was faced with queries (疑问) set to 85% difficulty, meaning it got questions right 85% of the time. If a task is too hard, humans get demotivated, says Bob Wilson, an author of the study. "If you never make any errors, you're 100% accurate, well, you can't learn from the mistakes."
Ron Shaich, a founder and former CEO of restaurant chain Panera, is skeptical of people who hit 100% on sales targets. He wonders if the goals are too low. They should be ambitious enough that you won't always get there, he says. Now an investor, board member and author of a coming business book that stresses 80% equals success, Shaich is convinced most companies don't even hit that number.
Years ago, as a consultant, Grace Ueng learned the "80-20 rule." The idea was to stop once you were 80% complete on a project, she says. Ueng recently took up piano. She practiced for long hours and still grimaced when she performed for her music group. Then she started tackling small chunks of a piece instead of running through the whole thing again and again. Before a recent performance, she read a book and went to church instead of putting in extra hours at the piano. When it was time to perform, she played well—and actually enjoyed it. "You have to have the wisdom," she says, "to know when to stop."
63．What is the main message of the passage
A．Maximum effort is key to success.
B．Striving for perfection leads to burnout.
C．Consistent hard work guarantees success.
D．Proper aims and effort enhance performance.
64．According to Ron Shaich, what does consistently hitting 100% targets suggest
A．Exceptional performance. B．Perfect strategic planning.
C．Goals not ambitious enough. D．High levels of employee motivation.
65．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Bob Wilson thinks 100% accuracy gets people full of motivation.
B．Sherri Phillips would not regret any more after tracking 85% metrics.
C．Grace Ueng felt optimistic after she played the piano for a long time.
D．Researchers believe the ideal learning way is to face difficult queries.
（2024高二下·滕州期中）When cultural heritage sites disappear, they're gone forever. However, they are being endangered at an alarming rate by rising seas (Venice), pollution (the Taj Mahal) and overtourism (Angkor Wat). Just to name a few.
But when we try to protect these heritage sites, we also have to face such thorny questions as "What part of the past is worth preserving and passing on to the next generations What duty do we owe to the creations of our ancestors What strength do we draw from their presence — and when, on the contrary, do they become a lead weight, preventing us from projecting ourselves into the future "
Humankind has answered these difficult questions differently in different places. In Dresden, Germany, the Frauenkirche was an 18th-century church whose bell-shaped top was a landmark. In February, 1945, one of the most destructive bombing attacks of World War II killed more than 25,000 people and reduced the city to ruins. With Dresden slowly rebuilt after the war, the Frauenkirche was left in ruins. But after German reunification, the church was reconstructed using many of its original materials, as a statement of peace and harmony.
Like the Frauenkirche, Notre Dame, a landmark in Paris, which was destroyed by fire in 2019, is being rebuilt as close as possible to how it was before, including using the original and poisonous metal-lead-for the roof. That choice was controversial, as future choices are bound to be in the debate about how to restore and preserve historic buildings.
Perhaps, no one can claim to have the right answers on preservation. There may not even be right answers. What we will do is to continue to take care of important cultural heritage sites, as a matter of significance to humanity's past, present and future.
66．Which heritage site is overcrowded
A．Venice. B．Dresden.
C．The Taj Mahal. D．Angkor Wat.
67．Which of the following can replace the underlined word "thorny" in paragraph 2
A．Tough. B．Smart. C．Interesting. D．Important.
68．What does the author dislike about the rebuilding of Notre Dame
A．The high rebuilding costs. B．The timing of reconstruction.
C．The choice of certain material. D．The significance of preservation
69．What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A．We should protect as many heritage sites as possible.
B．It is better to leave the damaged historic buildings alone.
C．Historic buildings should be rebuilt with the same materials.
D．Heritage sites serve as an important link among human beings.
（2024高二下·嘉陵期中）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In February, news broke that Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff had taken a "digital detox(脱瘾)": 10 tech-free days at a French Polynesian resort. For a small group of people, taking a step back from devices is an achievable dream, but for most, it's an impossibility, especially.
A digital detox requires dismissing technology almost entirely: taking a break from screens, social media and video conferences for multiple days. The goals—reducing stress or anxiety, and reconnecting with the physical world—are well-intentioned. However, experts say a digital detox isn't practical anymore for most people.
"Technology is very much a part of us now. We bank with an app, read restaurant menus on phones and even sweat with exercise instructors through a screen," says Seattle-based consultant Emily Cherkin, who specialises in screen-time management. "It's so embedded(嵌入式的) in our lives, we're setting ourselves up for failure if we're going to go phone-free for a week."
As people become increasingly interdependent on technology, doing a digital detox no longer seems like a reasonable goal. But there may be a more realistic solution that will lessen our tech obsession(着迷), without forcing us to totally disconnect.
Rather than cutting out technology altogether, practice digital mindfulness. Make sure the use of technology is purposeful. Instead of a full detox, digital mindfulness may be more practical for some people: less worry about cutting tech out entirely, and more focus on being intentional with its use.
The goal shouldn't be to cut off technology or to put a full stop. People still need to send an email, but can do so without getting distracted by the various online contents.
This approach is called "grey detoxing"—you're not totally immersed(沉浸的) or totally cut off from technology. Instead of causing ourselves more anxiety by attempting to live without our phones for a week, we can approach unavoidable screen time in a way that feels right for our individual lives.
70．Why does the author mention Marc Benioff in paragraph 1
A．To criticize the idea of digital detox.
B．To urge readers to take a digital detox.
C．To bring digital detox up for discussion.
D．To recommend a French Polynesian resort.
71．Why is a digital detox impossible for most people nowadays
A．They are more stressed and anxious.
B．They are deeply influenced by tech.
C．They are unwilling to go phone-free.
D．They tend to be more pessimistic.
72．What might be a solution to tech obsession
A．Going on a holiday to Polynesia.
B．Avoiding tech altogether.
C．Disconnecting occasionally.
D．Using tech purposefully.
73．What does the author think of less screen time in modern society
A．It is achievable. B．It is unreasonable.
C．It is ridiculous. D．It is unrealistic.
答案解析部分
1．A
2．D
3．B
4．D
本文是一篇议论文，就语言保护方面，作者认为语言保护不能一概而论，关注语言，也更需要关注语言的使用者。
本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"These stories often mention how people try to protect such languages."这些故事经常提到人们是如何保护这些语言的。可知，第一段中提及到的News stories都是关于人们如何保护濒危语言，即人们为保护濒危语言所付出的努力。故选A。
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"As linguist Peter Trudgill argues, this can also hold a highly local identity."正如语言学家Peter Trudgill所说，这也可能具有高度的身份认同感。可知，一种被广泛采用的语言与弱势语言频繁交流产生的"混合物"也能够维持高的身份认同感。故选D。
3．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Perhaps we should focus less on languages themselves, and pay more attention to the lives of the people who speak them."也许我们应该少关注语言本身，多关注说语言的人的生活。可知，语言保护不能一概而论，关注语言，也更需要关注语言的使用者。故选B。
4．考查标题归纳。根据第一段中的"However, they tend to focus less on how such efforts actually help speakers of endangered languages. Such efforts sometimes help, sometimes harm, and sometimes do both."然而，他们往往不太关注这些努力如何真正帮助濒危语言的使用者。这种努力有时有益，有时有害，有时兼而有之。可知，本文主要讲的是语言保护的过程中对语言使用者的关注不够，从而讨论这起到的作用到底是伤害还是帮助。故选D。
5．C
6．B
7．B
8．A
本文是一篇议论文。研究认为，吃鸡蛋与患心脏病风险的增加有联系，但是有科学家对此持不同的观点，他们认为鸡蛋并不是引起心脏病的原因。
考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Allen added that she would not say that eggs are completely unhealthy. "I'm not saying that people should take them completely out of their food," she said. "I'm just suggesting that people eat them in a proper amount." (Allen补充说，她不是说鸡蛋完全不健康。‘我并不是说人们应该把它们从食物中完全剔除，'她说。‘我只是建议人们适量食用它们。')"可知，Norrina Allen 并不认为人们不应该吃鸡蛋，而是应该适量吃，故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"‘This study does have clear shortcomings, including self-reporting at a single time point, he added'"可知，Bruemmer认为这项研究有不足之处，对这个研究持怀疑态度。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段中的Andersen 所说的话"If you're taking a lot of processed meat, it doesn't matter how many eggs you're eating（如果你吃了大量的加工肉类，那么你吃多少个鸡蛋并不重要。）"以及最后一段中"But it cannot prove eggs are the cause of the disease. It may just be that people eating a lot of eggs are also taking a lot of bacon.（但它不能证明鸡蛋是该病的病因。这可能只是因为吃了很多鸡蛋的人也吃了很多培根。）"可以推断，Andersen认为吃鸡蛋并不是心脏病的病因。如果吃了大量加工过的肉类也有可能引起心脏病。故选B。
8．主旨大意题。文章在第一段提出观点"A new report connects eating eggs to an increased risk of heart disease."，新的研究结果表明，吃鸡蛋与心脏病风险的增加有联系；接下来文章列举了一些科学家的观点：第二段中Norrina Allen提出观点"I'm just suggesting that people eat them in a proper amount." Norrina Allen认为应该适量吃鸡蛋；第三段中提到"Some experts believe the new study does not prove that eggs are causing heart disease."，有些专家认为，这项新研究并不能证明鸡蛋会导致心脏病；第五段中Holly Andersen提出观点"a lot of the egg-eating people in the study also appeared to be eating much meat and processed meat." 很多吃鸡蛋的人似乎也吃了很多肉和加工肉类，这也会引起心脏病。因此文章是关于"鸡蛋会导致心脏病吗 "这个问题的不同观点。故选A。
9．C
10．A
11．B
12．D
13．A
14．B
15．C
16．D
本文是一篇议论文，讨论了直线这一概念在科学和生活中的含义。文章首先指出宇宙中不存在直线这个事实是不可否认的，从物理学的角度进行了解释，并通过历史阐述了直线概念在欧洲政治和社会中的影响。最后，作者指出生活中并没有所谓的直线前进，而是充满着曲折、转折和冒险。
本题考点涉及推理判断和标题归纳两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
13．考查推理判断。根据第一段"We cannot argue with reality. We cannot argue with science. Therefore, we simply cannot argue with the fact that there are no straight lines in the universe. "我们不能与现实争论。我们不能与科学争论。因此，我们根本无法否认宇宙中没有直线这一事实。指出从现实和科学出发，宇宙中没有直线，后面的段落围绕这一点展开。因此，本段主要是引入文章的话题：宇宙中没有直线。故选A。
14．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"The brain forms the concept of a straight line to simplify what you see in nature. Consider it a tool for the mind to recognize reality. "大脑形成直线的概念是为了简化你在自然中看到的东西。把它看作是大脑认识现实的工具。可推知，如果没有直线概念，自然界的东西将看起来非常复杂。故选B。
15．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Greek thinkers and scholars like Aristotle in the 5th century already proved that the Earth was a globe, but many Europeans at that time did not believe in this idea! However, some Europeans during the Age of Exploration denied this belief. Just as the famous Italian scientist Galileo Galilei was persecuted (迫害) for advocating a heliocentric (日心的) model of the solar system, many thinkers like Giordano Bruno were shamed for believing that the Earth was round. "5世纪的希腊思想家和学者，如亚里士多德，已经证明了地球是一个球体，但当时许多欧洲人并不相信这个想法！然而，在大航海时代，一些欧洲人否认了这种信仰。正如著名的意大利科学家伽利略·伽利雷因倡导日心说而受到迫害一样，许多思想家，比如乔尔丹诺·布鲁诺，也因相信地球是圆的而受到羞辱。可知，很长一段时间中，欧洲人并不相信地球是一个球体的想法，在大航海时代那些有正确想法的科学家和思想家还受到压迫。可推知，证明地球是个球体的道路漫长而又艰难。故选C。
16．考查标题归纳。根据第一段中的"Therefore, we simply cannot argue with the fact that there are no straight lines in the universe. "因此，我们根本无法否认宇宙中没有直线这一事实。可知，作者向我们论述了宇宙中不存在直线的事实，进而谈到人生是没有直线的。"直线：根本不存在"契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。
17．D
18．A
19．A
本文是一篇议论文，强调了体育锻炼的重要性，通过引用托马斯·杰斐逊的观点和相关研究，作者指出定期锻炼可以提高身体健康和幸福感，减少一些疾病的风险，而且锻炼还能增强自信。
本题考点涉及推理判断，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
17．考查推理判断。根据第一段"What do classrooms, computer desks, cafeterias (自助食堂), and libraries have in common That's the places where students spend so much of their time. Although hours of studying burn mental energy, both your body and mind need physical exercise to function efficiently. "教室、电脑桌、自助食堂和图书馆有什么共同点？那是学生们花费大量时间的地方。虽然数小时的学习消耗脑力，但你的身体和大脑都需要体育锻炼才能有效运作。可知，作者认为在通过学习消耗脑力之外，学生需要体育锻炼来维持身体和大脑的运作。可推知，许多学生对锻炼不够重视。故选D。
18．考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的"Thomas Jefferson once wrote that to be successful in academic studies, a person should spend two hours on exercise every day, for health must not be sacrificed (牺牲) for learning. "托马斯·杰斐逊曾经写道，要想在学术研究上取得成功，一个人每天应该花两个小时锻炼身体，因为不能为了学习而牺牲健康。可知，托马斯·杰斐逊强调了日常锻炼的重要性；以及第三段中的"A study by researchers at Tufts University found that students who said they exercised at least 3 days a week were more likely to report a better state of physical health and greater happiness than those who didn't exercise. This and other evidence suggest that the real benefits of exercise may not come right after a workout but from a longer commitment to regular activity. "塔夫茨大学研究人员的一项研究发现，自称每周至少锻炼3天的学生比那些不锻炼的学生更有可能拥有更好的身体健康状况和更大的幸福感。这项研究和其他证据表明，锻炼的真正好处可能不会在锻炼后立即显现，而是来自长期坚持有规律的活动)"可知，这项研究和其他证据都表明，长期有规律的活动对人的身心健康有益。因此，划线句子表示托马斯·杰斐逊的论述是有道理的。故选A。
19．考查主旨大意。根据第二段中"The importance of exercise is nothing new. "锻炼的重要性并不是什么新鲜事；以及最后一段中的"You'll likely discover another benefit of exercise as well: greater self-confidence. This may make it easier for you to participate in class and help you perform well in academic and social situations."你可能还会发现锻炼的另一个好处：增强自信。这可能会让你更容易参与课堂，并帮助你在学术和社交场合表现出色。可知，文章强调了体育锻炼的重要性，通过引用托马斯·杰斐逊的观点和相关研究，作者指出定期锻炼可以提高身体健康和幸福感，减少一些疾病的风险，而且锻炼还能增强自信。故选A。
20．D
21．C
22．B
23．D
24．C
25．B
26．D
27．B
这是一篇议论文。论述了古老的艺术为农业提供了迷人的视野。
考查阅读理解。涉及推理判断题，细节理解题和主旨大意题。解答推理判断题要根据原文中的信息与选项信息结合起来进行正确推断，得出答案；解答细节理解题要完全符合原文，不能主观臆断；解答主旨大意题时需要根据文章的结构和选项来判断出正确答案。
24．推理判断题。根据 Exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, The
Harvesters created in 1565 shows farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are. "Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see that wheat is about knee height. The short wheat is essentially a consequence of breeding from the second half of the 20th century," said biologist Ive De Smet.这幅创作于1565年的《收割者》在纽约大都会艺术博物馆展出，画中农民们正在收割几乎和他们一样高的小麦。"现在，如果你走过一片麦田，你基本上会看到小麦大约有膝盖那么高。矮小麦本质上是20世纪下半叶育种的结果，"生物学家艾维·德·斯梅特说。可知在20世纪50年代之前，小麦可能没有矮品种；故答案为C 。
25．细节理解题。根据As friends since childhood, their interest in plants in artworks began with a
visit to a museum in Russia, where they noticed an old-looking watermelon in an early-7th-century painting. A watermelon is usually believed to be red on the inside. However, that one appeared to be pale and white. 作为儿时的朋友，他们对艺术品中植物的兴趣始于一次参观俄罗斯

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