北京市石景山区三年（2020-2022）高三一模分题型分层汇编-04七选五
一、七选五
（2020·北京石景山·统考一模）How Smartphone Adds to Your Weight
Using a smartphone at mealtimes can lead to an expanding waistline. Researchers have found that men and women consumed 15% more calories when looking at their phones while eating. ____1____ The groundbreaking study suggests that staring at a phone screen may distract (分心) dinners from how much food and what they are actually eating.
“It may prevent the correct understanding of the brain over the amount of food ingested,” said researchers who filmed 62 volunteers eating alone.
The volunteers, aged 18 to 28, were divided in to three groups and invited to help themselves to a choice of food — ranging from healthy options to soft drinks and chocolate — until they were satisfied. ____2____ On average, the volunteers ate 535 calories without the distraction of a smartphone but 591 when using a mobile. Those in the sample who were classed as overweight ate 616 calories while using their phones. When in possession of their mobiles, the volunteers also consumed 10 percent more fatty foods. ____3____
“Smartphone use during a meal increased calorie and fat intake,” said Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimoa, a lead author of the study — carried out at the Federal University of Lavras in Brazil and University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands. He added: “Tablets and smartphones have become the main ‘distracters’ during meals, even early in childhood. ____4____A distracter prevents the brain correctly understanding the amount of food accepted.”____5____ A more detailed analysis can be found in the journal.
A．They also eat more fatty food.
B．They also ate more when reading a magazine.
C．Distracted or hurried eating can add to weight gain.
D．The study is published in Physiology And Behavior.
E．It is important to pay attention to how this may impact food intakes.
F．Hunger isn’t the only thing that influences how much we eat during the day.
G．They were recorded eating with no distractions, using a smartphone or reading a magazine.
（2021·北京石景山·统考一模）The effects of working while attending school or college
Youths working while in school or college seems like a tradition in many countries and the trend is growing. A recent study has found that 80% of students in some countries have at least a part time job during their study years.
Why do students look for employment _____6_____ Education costs are high, and college tuitions have grown considerably during the last few years. Moreover, parents also contribute less toward covering the education costs of their children, which means students must earn their own money while studying.
Having a job during school or college years affects the students’ personal and academic lives. First of all, employed students have less free time and, as a result, they can’t be around their family or friends as often as they would want. They lack sleep and are more stressed, and they may even develop health problems. Furthermore, student employment also impacts academic performance. A new research shows that students working more than 20 hours a week have lower grades than those who work less or not at all. ___7___
However, the benefits of student employment are also notable. It seems that employed students tend to be more engaged in academic activities than those who do not work, probably because they have developed a higher sense of responsibility.
___8___ Firstly, fresh graduates who already have work experience gained during their study years have better chances of landing a job. Employers usually prefer to hire a graduate with workplace experience, because they needn’t spend too much time and resources to train the new employee. Secondly, studies show that working learners are more likely to move into a managerial position soon after graduating. _____9_____ As they try different jobs during their school years, they are more aware of their job preferences and target field, and thus far less confused than fresh graduates who have never worked.
To sum up, because of financial difficulties, many youths look for employment while attending school or college, and this can have positive or negative effects on their lives.
___10___ In this way, employed students can gain noteworthy advantages in terms of career path after they graduate.
A．The main cause is financial pressure.
B．Student employment has an effect on future careers as well.
C．The government has increased funding for higher education.
D．They state that the job limits the number of classes they can take.
E．Employed students know what type of work field would be best fit for them.
F．Finally, employed students develop a better appreciation of the career path to pursue.
G．So guidance should be given to help them keep a proper balance between study and work.
（2022·北京石景山·统考一模）Move to the Music
Music helps us exercise, but why does it have this effect ____11____ The first is simple: Music distracts us. When we listen to a song we like, our brain pays attention to the music. For example, after we exercise for 20 minutes, our body might be tired. But we may not feel this immediately while listening to music. So we exercise a little longer.
Music also motivates us. When we hear dance music, for example, we naturally start to move to the beat. An upbeat song also puts us in a good mood, so we feel happier. This gives us energy and helps us exercise longer. ____12____ Songs in the range of 120-140 beats per minute(BPM)are the best, says sports psychologist Dr. Costas Karageorghis.
____13____. Its leading researcher Fritz put 61 people in small groups. They all then exercised twice. One time, each group worked out while listening to music for six minutes. Another time, they exercised for six minutes on special Jymmin machines. The name Jymmin is a combination of “jamming" and “gym.” Using these machines, each group made music as they moved. The exercisers became the composers and the machines became their instruments. In the end, 53 of the 61 people said the same thing: They felt less tired when they exercised on the Jymmin machines. ____14____
How does Fritz explain this Maybe people did better on the Jymmin machines because they had more control, he says. People created the beat. They could make it go faster or slower. Also, the activity was social. Each group was making music together and having fun. Fritz believes that Jymmin exercise may have other advantages, too. ____15____ For example, it may be even a good way to treat depression.
A．Experts say there are two main reasons.
B．This also helps relax our body and brain.
C．Music with a quick and steady beat is good for exercising,
D．He wants to find out if it can help with more serious conditions.
E．He expects to take advantage of it to tap into people’s potential.
F．A new study suggests this is only part of the explanation, however.
G．When they exercise and make music, working out seems to be easier.
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参考答案：
1．A 2．G 3．B 4．E 5．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍用餐期间使用手机会使人们分心，让大脑无法正确判断摄取的食物量，从而导致人们摄入更多的卡路里，增加体重。
1．由上一句“Researchers have found that men and women consumed 15% more calories when looking at their phones while eating.”可知，研究者已经发现男人和女人吃饭的时候看着手机，会摄入15%更多的卡路里。选项A“They also eat more fatty food.”表示的是他们也吃更多的油腻食物，they指代的是上一句“men and women”，eat和上一句的“consumed”相呼应，more fatty food和上一句的“15% more calories”相呼应，选项A符合语境。故选A。
2．由后一句“On average, the volunteers ate 535 calories without the distraction of a smartphone but 591 when using a mobile.”可知，平均下来，没有使用手机分心的志愿者摄入535卡路里，单数当使用手机的时候，摄入591卡路里。选项G“They were recorded eating with no distractions, using a smartphone or reading a magazine.”表示的是他们被按照没有分散物，使用手机或者读杂志进行记录食物摄入情况，“no distractions”和后一句的“without the distraction of a smartphone”相呼应，“using a smartphone”和后一句的“when using a mobile”相呼应，选项G符合语境。故选G。
3．由前一句“When in possession of their mobiles, the volunteers also consumed 10 percent more fatty foods.”可知，当专有他们的手机时候，这些志愿者也会摄入10%更多的油腻食物。选项B“They also ate more when reading a magazine.”表示的是当读杂志的时候，他们也会吃的更多。They指代的前一句“the volunteers”，also ate more和前一句的“also consumed 10 percent more”相呼应，when reading a magazine和前一句的“When in possession of their mobiles”结构相呼应，选项B符合语境。故选B。
4．由后一句“A distracter prevents the brain correctly understanding the amount of food accepted. ”可知，一个干扰物会阻止大脑正确地理解所摄取的食物数量。表示的是干扰物为什么会让人摄取更多食物。选项E“It is important to pay attention to how this may impact food intakes.”表示的是：关注这个干扰物可能是如何地影响食物摄取是非常重要的，由此可见，后一句是对选项E的解释说明。故选E。
5．由后一句“A more detailed analysis can be found in the journal.”可知，一个更详细的分析可以在该杂志看到。选项D“The study is published in Physiology And Behavior.”表示的是这个研究在《生理学与行为》杂志上发表。后一句中的“the journal”指代的是选项D中的“Physiology And Behavior”。后一句的“can be found”和选项D中的“is published”相呼应，后一句的“A more detailed analysis”是对选项D中的“The study”具体说明，选项D符合语境。故选D。
6．A 7．D 8．B 9．F 10．G
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在学习期间找工作的利弊。
6．根据前文“Why do students look for employment （学生为什么要找工作 ）”以及下文“Education costs are high, and college tuitions have grown considerably during the last few years.（教育成本很高，大学学费在过去几年中大幅增长。）”可知，划线句讲的是学生找工作是迫于经济压力。A选项“The main cause is financial pressure.”（主要原因是财政压力。）符合题意，故选A项。
7．根据前文“Having a job during school or college years affects the students’ personal and academic lives（在中学或大学期间有一份工作会影响学生的个人生活和学业。）”可知，本段是围绕工作影响学业来叙述的。D选项“They state that the job limits the number of classes they can take.”（他们说这份工作限制了他们能上的课程数量。）符合题意，故选D项。
8．根据前文“Firstly, fresh graduates who already have work experience gained during their study years have better chances of landing a job.（首先，已经在学习期间获得了工作经验的应届毕业生有更好的机会找到工作。）”可知，本段是讲述学生在学习期间兼职对未来找工作的益处。B选项“Student employment has an effect on future careers as well.”（学生就业对未来的职业生涯也有影响。）符合题意，故选B项。
9．根据前文“As they try different jobs during their school years, they are more aware of their job preferences and target field, and thus far less confused than fresh graduates who have never worked.（当他们在学校里尝试不同的工作时，他们更清楚自己的工作偏好和目标领域，因此远没有那些从未工作过的应届毕业生那么困惑。）”可知，在学校里找工作的学生能更清楚的认识自我职业道路。F选项“Finally, employed students develop a better appreciation of the career path to pursue.”（最后，就业的学生对自己所追求的职业道路有了更好的认识。）符合题意，故选F项。
10．根据前文“To sum up, because of financial difficulties, many youths look for employment while attending school or college, and this can have positive or negative effects on their lives.（总之，由于经济困难，许多年轻人在上学或上大学的时候就找工作，这对他们的生活有积极的或消极的影响。）”以及下文“In this way, employed students can gain noteworthy advantages in terms of career path after they graduate.（通过这种方式，就业的学生毕业后在职业道路方面可以获得明显的优势。）”可知，我们要协调好挣钱与学业之间的平衡。G选项“So guidance should be given to help them keep a proper balance between study and work.”（所以应该给予指导，帮助他们在学习和工作之间保持适当的平衡。）符合题意，故选G项。
11．A 12．C 13．F 14．G 15．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了音乐能帮助我们锻炼背后的原因及其运用。
11．空前“but why does it have this effect (但是它为什么有这种效果呢)”提出问题，结合下一句“The first is simple(第一个很简单)”可知，A选项“Experts say there are two main reasons.(专家说有两个主要原因)”回答上一句的问题，且下一句的the first表示“第一种原因”，承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。
12．空处前文“When we hear dance music, for example, we naturally start to move to the beat.(例如，当我们听到舞曲时，我们自然地开始随着节拍移动)”表示我们会跟随音乐节奏移动我们的身体；空后“Songs in the range of 120-140 beats per minute (BPM) are the best(每分钟120-140拍的歌曲是最好的)”说明了最适宜的节奏拍数；C选项“Music with a quick and steady beat is good for exercising.(节奏快而稳定的音乐对锻炼很有好处)”符合本段内容，且与下一句逻辑相符。故选C项。
13．根据文章第一、二段描述的两种原因并结合空处下文“Its leading researcher Fritz put 61 people in small groups. They all then exercised twice.(其首席研究员弗里茨将61人分成小组。然后他们都做了两次运动)”及实验内容可知，本段通过实验引出另外一个原因；F选项“A new study suggests this is only part of the explanation, however.(然而，一项新的研究表明，这只是部分原因)”承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。
14．本段描述了一种实验，空前一句“In the end, 53 of the 61 people said the same thing: They felt less tired when they exercised on the Jymmin machines.(最后，61人中有53人说了同样的话：在Jymmin机器上锻炼时，他们感觉不那么累了)”描述实验结果；G选项“When they exercise and make music, working out seems to be easier.(当他们锻炼并演奏音乐时，锻炼似乎更容易了)”与实验结果一致，符合语境。故选G项。
15．空前“Fritz believes that Jymmin exercise may have other advantages, too.(弗里茨认为，Jymmin运动可能还有其它好处)”可知，下文描述Jymmin运动的其余好处，空后“For example, it may be even a good way to treat depression.”表示，它可以应用于治疗抑郁症；D选项“He wants to find out if it can help with more serious conditions.(他想知道它是否对更严重的情况有帮助)”符合上下文语境，且more serious conditions与下文depresssion对应。故选D项。
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