2024年11月27日 时政类语篇型填空专项训练（人工智能创新有助于应对极端天气）
AI innovations aid extreme weather management
Passage 1
Artificial intelligence has been 1. (increase) applied 2. (tackle) the 3. (grow) threat of extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall, hail and storms, according to groundbreaking innovations unveiled recently by the China Meteorological(气象) Administration.
The administration showcased 16 innovations in urban meteorological science at a conference in Beijing 4. Monday, 5. are part of 103 research breakthroughs in AI 6. (apply), radar 7. (network) and short-term heavy rainfall forecasting.
These 8. (achieve) 9. (deliver) by the Urban Meteorological Science and Technology Alliance, initiated by the Beijing Meteorological Service last year and 10. (comprise) meteorological departments from 38 major cities.
Passage 2
Beijing's Leadsee-Precip, a global deep-learning model 1. (design) to generate precipitation forecasts from meteorological circulation fields, is one of the domestically developed AI-powered forecasting systems 2. excels in 3. (predict) rainfall 4. (distribute) and intensity.
Deep-learning weather forecasting models have surpassed traditional numerical models in both 5. (accurate) and 6. (efficient), said Feng Jin, head of the Leadsee development team and a researcher at the Institute of Urban Meteorology.
AI-driven global circulation models or GCMs, which integrate traditional numerical weather prediction 7. (technical) with machine learning, can deliver forecasts in no more than a minute — a dramatic improvement over the 30-minute processing time 8. (require) by conventional models, Feng said.
However, current GCMs lack 9. (detail) atmospheric and precipitation data, which Leadsee compensates for by focusing 10. rainfall prediction, he added.
Passage 3
"Leadsee 1. (address) critical gaps in AI global circulation models, 2. (particular) in forecasting extreme rainfall," Feng said, adding that the model ensures precision even with imbalanced rainfall data.
During Typhoon Gaemi, which 3. (make) landfall in Fujian province and Taiwan in July, Leadsee 4. (success) forecasted a shift in rainfall patterns over Beijing, enabling local authorities 5. (adjust) flood prevention strategies effectively. The Beijing Meteorological Service conducted a comprehensive 6. (assess) based on 7. (refer) provided by Leadsee, 8. (conclude) that Gaemi's impact on the Beijing area would significantly weaken, Feng said.
Additionally, 9. (evaluate) of the model during this year's flood season demonstrated a 20 percent improvement in forecasting accuracy for heavy rainfall compared 10. mainstream models.
Passage 4
Beyond Beijing, the Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau in Guangdong province has developed an AI-based system 1. heavy rainfall nowcasting, and the effective lead time for nowcasting of heavy rainfall has 2. (extend) from one hour to two hours. Leveraging high-resolution datasets from radar, satellites and weather stations, the system has already surpassed traditional methods, according to the bureau.
The technological innovation 3. (prove) vital for disaster response and event 4. (plan) during major events, such as the 40th anniversary 5. (celebrate) of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in 2020 and the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong's return 6. China in 2022, the bureau added.
Chen Zhenlin, head of CMA, said Leadsee is 7. example of provincial meteorological departments 8. (act) exploring the field of artificial intelligence. "These innovations provide robust technological support for further 9. (improve) urban meteorological 10. (serve)," Chen said.
参考答案
参考答案1
1.increasingly 2.to tackle 3.growing 4.on 5.which
6.applications 7.networking 8.achievements 9.were delivered prising
参考译文1
根据中国气象局近日公布的突破性创新成果，人工智能已越来越多地应用于应对暴雨、冰雹和风暴等极端天气事件日益严重的威胁。
周一，国家气象局在北京举行的会议上展示了城市气象科学方面的16项创新，这些创新是人工智能应用、雷达网络和短期强降雨预报方面103项研究突破的一部分。
这些成就是由北京气象局去年发起的城市气象科技联盟实现的，该联盟由来自38个主要城市的气象部门组成。
参考答案2
1.designed 2.that 3.predicting 4.distribution 5.accuracy
6.efficiency 7.techniques 8.required 9.detailed 10.on
参考译文2
北京的leadsee - precp是一个旨在从气象环流领域生成降水预测的全球深度学习模型，是国内开发的人工智能预测系统之一，擅长预测降雨分布和强度。
Leadsee开发团队负责人、城市气象研究所研究员冯进表示，深度学习天气预报模型在准确性和效率方面都超过了传统的数值模型。
冯说，人工智能驱动的全球环流模型（GCMs）将传统的数值天气预报技术与机器学习相结合，可以在不超过一分钟的时间内提供预报，这比传统模型所需的30分钟处理时间有了显着改善。
然而，他补充说，目前的GCMs缺乏详细的大气和降水数据，Leadsee通过关注降雨预测来弥补这一点。
参考答案3
1.addresses 2.particularly 3.made 4.successfully 5.to adjust
6.assessment 7.references 8.concluding 9.evaluations 10.to
参考译文3
“Leadsee解决了人工智能全球环流模型的关键空白，特别是在预测极端降雨方面，”冯说，并补充说，该模型即使在降雨数据不平衡的情况下也能确保精度。
在台风“鹦鹉”于7月登陆福建省和台湾期间，Leadsee成功预测了北京降雨模式的变化，使当地政府能够有效地调整防洪策略。
冯说，北京气象局根据Leadsee提供的参考资料进行了全面评估，得出的结论是“台风”对北京地区的影响将显著减弱。
此外，对该模型在今年汛期的评估表明，与主流模型相比，该模型对强降雨的预测精度提高了20%。
参考答案4
1.for 2.been extended 3.has proved 4.planning 5.celebrations
6.to 7.an 8.actively 9.improving 10.services
参考译文4
除北京外，广东省深圳市气象局开发了一个基于人工智能的暴雨临近预报系统，暴雨临近预报的有效提前时间已从一小时延长到两小时。该局表示，该系统利用雷达、卫星和气象站的高分辨率数据集，已经超越了传统方法。
该局补充说，在重大活动期间，技术创新对于灾害应对和活动规划至关重要，例如2020年深圳经济特区成立40周年庆祝活动和2022年香港回归25周年庆祝活动。
中国气象局局长陈振林表示，Leadsee是省级气象部门积极探索人工智能领域的一个例子。
他说：“这些创新为进一步改善城市气象服务提供了强有力的技术支持。”

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