32.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 学生版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之生物学家Péter Pongrácz受猫咪钻进花瓶和狭窄开口的照片启发 说明文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之生物多样性中传粉者的重要性 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之讲述了“大象大迁徙”艺术活动 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之作游戏化的概念、目的及其效果 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之获得米其林星级餐厅对餐厅业务的影响 说明文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
提高应对高考英语阅读理解说明文长难句的能力，可从知识积累、技能提升、练习巩固和心态调整等方面入手，具体方法如下：
掌握分析技巧
寻找句子主干：学会快速找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语等核心成分，忽略插入语、定语、状语等修饰成分，先把握句子的基本结构和核心意思，再逐步分析其他修饰部分与主干的关系。例如对于长难句 “With the development of technology, people who have access to the Internet can obtain a large amount of information that is useful for their study and work.”，先找出主干 “people can obtain information”。
分析修饰成分：熟练判断定语、状语、补语等修饰成分，明确它们所修饰或补充说明的对象，理解其在句子中的作用和意义，从而更全面、准确地理解句子含义。如在上述例句中，“With the development of technology” 是状语，“who have access to the Internet” 是定语从句修饰 “people”，“that is useful for their study and work” 是定语从句修饰 “information”。
加强练习与实践
精读典型文章：选取高考英语阅读理解真题或模拟题中的说明文进行精读，逐句分析长难句，写出句子结构和各部分的成分及功能，深入理解句子含义，总结长难句的类型和特点。
进行翻译训练：将长难句进行汉译，通过翻译加深对句子结构和词汇用法的理解，提高语言转换能力和对长难句的敏感度，翻译后对照参考译文，分析自己的理解偏差和翻译错误之处。
限时阅读训练：在日常练习中，设定时间进行阅读理解训练，模拟考试情境，提高阅读速度和在有限时间内理解长难句的能力，逐渐适应高考的节奏和要求。
培养良好阅读习惯
保持耐心和细心：阅读说明文长难句时，要克服畏难情绪，保持耐心，仔细分析句子的每一个部分，不要急于求成，确保理解的准确性。
多阅读多积累：除了练习题目中的文章，平时要广泛阅读各类英语说明文，如科普文章、学术论文、新闻报道等，增强对不同主题和风格的说明文长难句的适应能力，培养语感和阅读技巧。
【词汇清障】
C&D1
solid A. 犹豫
liquid B. 固体的
hesitate C. 液体
aware D. 意识到的
mental E. 精神的
——————————————————————————————————
squeeze A. 矩形的
rectangular B. 尝试
trial C. 挤过
self - preservation D. 靠近
approach E. 自我保护
C&D2
biodiversity A. 生物多样性
deforestation B. 保护
conservation C. 传粉者
pollinator D. 砍伐森林
ecosystem E. 生态系统
——————————————————————————————————
species A. 狭隘地
commercial B. 物种
narrowly C. 商业的
cynical D. 保护
safeguard E. 愤世嫉俗的
C&D3
campaign A. 引人注目的
heritage B. 活动
awareness C. 意识
striking D. 遗产
replica E. 复制品
——————————————————————————————————
invasive A. 参与
restoration B. 入侵的
poignant C. 恢复
engage D. 辛酸的
migration E. 迁徙
C&D4
gamification A. 激励
virtual B. 游戏化
bonus C. 虚拟的
convince D. 奖金
——————————————————————————————————
motivate E. 使信服
presentation A. 有效的
effective B. 展示
performance C. 实现
backfire D. 表现
achieve E. 适得其反
C&D5
culinary A. 没有星级的
starless B. 烹饪的
boost C. 宣传
publicity D. 提高
expectation E. 期望
——————————————————————————————————
ingredient A. 房东
landlord B. 原料
distracted C. 分心的
prizewinning D. 亚军
runners - up E. 获奖的
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·江苏苏州·期末）
Cats may seem solid, but they’re actually somewhat liquid. Inspired by photos of cats pouring themselves into vases and fitting into narrow openings, biologist Péter Pongrácz has tested dozens of cats to see when they act more like liquids or solids.
Cats fluidly (流畅地) move through tall and narrow places but hesitate when they approach uncomfortably short holes, Pongrácz reports in the Oct.18 iScience. The finding suggests that cats are aware of their own body size and may form mental images of themselves.
Because cats prefer to live alone, they are difficult to test in the lab. So Pongrácz brought the lab to the cats. With help from colleagues, he built a movable lab that they set up in 29homes.
In each home, the team attached two cardboard panels to a doorframe: one with five rectangular (矩形的) holes of the same height but decreasing width and another with five holes of the same width but decreasing height. An owner stood on one side of the panel while the cat and the experimenter stood on the other. For each trial, the cat had to squeeze (挤过) from the experimenter’s side to the owner’s side through the holes while being filmed.
Thirty out of 38 cats finished the experiment. When faced with holes of varying height, 22 cats hesitated to go through the shortest. When the holes varied in width, only eight cats paused before approaching the narrowest hole. Most cats squeezed through slim openings without hesitating.
Hesitation may be a self-preservation method, Pongrácz says. If a cat forces itself through a hole without being able to see what’s on the other side, the cat may be exposed to potential threats. That some cats paused in the safety of their homes suggests that they also rely on their body size to plan their approach.
1．What makes it difficult to test the cats in the lab
A．Their size. B．Their flexibility. C．Their height. D．Their character.
2．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．Results of the experiment. B．Subjects of the experiment.
C．Methods of the experiment. D．Principles of the experiment.
3．Why did some cats hesitate even before holes leading to their homes
A．They failed to figure out their body size.
B．They worried about getting stuck in the hole.
C．They hated being handled by the experimenter.
D．They were afraid of the danger on the other side.
4．What is the best title of the passage
A．One scientist puts cats’ liquid nature to test
B．Solid or liquid, that is out of the question
C．Cats act more like liquids when in danger
D．Hesitation keeps cats safe from danger
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·山东临沂·期末）In October 2020, the United Nations Global Biodiversity Outlook announced that no government had met a single target to stop biodiversity loss in the last decade. Examples include rising deforestation and declining bee populations. To succeed in conserving biodiversity, we must first expand our understanding of biodiversity.
Biodiversity conversations tend to focus on certain plants and animals while ignoring others. People often regard trees and bees as the foundation of nature. For conservation campaigns, it pays —literally — to be a large mammal that people can easily identify with or a species that seems directly useful to humans. We also try to protect species with obvious commercial interest, such as tuna and the honeybee.
Viewing biodiversity too narrowly does more harm than good. Many species are too small, too few, too ugly, or still undiscovered for us to notice them. Let’s not make these the reasons why they are overlooked.
Pollinators (传粉者) are an essential part of biodiversity: Up to 90%of plants rely on animals for pollination, with bees often springing to mind. Yet, pollinators are much more than bees. There are about 20, 000 species of bees out of 350, 000 known pollinators. In Europe, honeybees are important for crops production. However, in warmer climates, plants like the fig tree rely on specific wasps and moths (飞蛾) for pollination. If we consider the most important pollinator in terms of pollinator diversity, moths and butterflies, with more than 140, 000 species, win the title. But we shouldn’t be asking which are the most important, or the most numerous. No single pollinator can get the job done. We need a variety of pollinators to support our ecosystems.
Taking a narrow view of biodiversity hides nature’s true wonder. Instead, we should appreciate species not through a human-centered lens, but rather as equally cynical parts of incredible, complex and life-giving systems. All species deserve recognition. It is only then that we will be able to safeguard nature.
5．Which can best explain the underlined “pays” in paragraph 2
A．Brings advantage. B．Benefits nature.
C．Makes profits. D．Faces risks.
6．Why are moths and butterflies mentioned
A．To stress their role in pollination.
B．To highlight their beauty and diversity.
C．To show their superior importance over bees.
D．To prove biodiversity goes beyond mere quantity
7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Biodiversity serves as the foundation of nature.
B．All species play an essential role in ecosystems.
C．A human-centered view leads to biodiversity loss.
D．Identifying all species is the key to protecting nature.
8．What is main idea of the text
A．Endangered species call for conservation efforts.
B．A broader view of biodiversity conservation is needed.
C．Human activities are the primary causes of biodiversity loss.
D．Governments struggle to meet biodiversity conservation targets.
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·山东临沂·期末）Imagine a herd of 100 life-sized elephant sculptures, each crafted by native Indian craftsmen, traveling around the world. This is The Great Elephant Migration — a campaign that uses a unique combination of art, conservation and cultural heritage to raise awareness about wildlife protection and the importance of living in harmony with nature.
By transforming public spaces with these striking sculptures,The Great Elephant Migration aims to inspire a global movement to protect endangered species and promote sustainable coexistence between humans and wildlifc.
Each elephant in the migration is a perfect replica (复制品) crafted by The Coexistence Collective, a community of 200 native Indian craftsmen from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Over the past five years, this collective has beautifully brought to life every elephant they live alongside, capturing each one in sculptural detail.
The sculptures are made from Lantana camara, an invasive plant species causing significant ecological damage in India. By using this material, the project not only transforms a problem into art but also helps in the large-scale removal of Lantana from protected areas, freeing up more space for wildlife and contributing to forest restoration.
The migration began its march in the US on July 4, 2024, and is set to cover several locations across North America and conclude in Los Angeles, California, in September 2025. At each stop, the herd transforms public spaces, inviting local communities and visitors to engage with the sculptures and the stories they represent. The migration serves as a poignant metaphor for the real-life migrations of animals, which are increasingly threatened by human activities and climate change.
The Great Elephant Migration is more than a visual sight; it’s a call to action.Funds raised through the sale of the elephant sculptures will support conservation projects around the world, particularly those promoting coexistence with wildlife.
9．What’s the aim of The Great Elephant Migration
A．To introduce Indian craftsmanship globally.
B．To highlight the threats faced by Asian elephants.
C．To promote a global wildlife conservation initiative.
D．To advocate art as a universal language of wildlife protection.
10．What does the underlined “a problem” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．The decline of the population of elephants.
B．The damage caused by invasive plant species.
C．The limited space available for animal habitats.
D．The lack of awareness about wildlife conservation.
11．How do local communities get involved in the campaign during the tour
A．By donating to fund wildlife protection.
B．By creating elephant sculptures in person.
C．By learning about real-life animal migrations.
D．By exploring conservation stories behind sculptures
12．What might be the best title for the text
A．Elephants Marching Across the U. S.
B．Lantana Elephants: A Visual Treat
C．Making an Impact through Conservation
D．A Moving Celebration of Coexistence and Conservation
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·山东·期末）When you reach 10, 000 steps in a day, your fitness app rewards you with virtual (虚拟的) stars and fireworks. Similarly, when you practice a language for several days in a row, you earn a “bonus” and are encouraged to keep it going. Many companies and apps use these types of features to make tasks more engaging and motivate people to achieve their goals. Business consultants promised that gamifying work could help motivate employees by making tasks more exciting. Instead of changing the nature of the work itself, gamification changes its presentation, using rewards and competition to make goal achievement feel more fun.
However, recent studies have shown that gamification does not always work as expected. Ethan Mollick and Nancy Rothbard conducted an experiment to test the effectiveness of gamification in the workplace. They worked with a group of salespeople who were tasked with convincing businesses to offer coupons (优惠券) for products sold on their company’s website. The salespeople earned rewards based on how many coupons they sold.
To make the work more exciting, Mollick and Rothbard created a basketball-themed game where salespeople earned points for each deal closed, with bigger deals earning more points. The names of top performers were displayed on giant screens, and regular emails updated everyone on who was winning. The top performer received a bottle of wine as a prize.
Despite these efforts, the game did not improve sales or make employees feel more motivated. In fact, salespeople who disliked the game reported feeling worse about their work, and their performance even declined slightly. The game only helped those who bought into it, making them feel more engaged.
At its best, gamification seems to work when it helps people achieve the goals they want to reach anyway by making the process of goal achievement more exciting. When people fully accept a game, the results can be impressive. However, when designed to encourage people to do something they don’t particularly care to do, it can backfire. What matters most is how the people playing the game feel about it.
13．What is the main purpose of gamification
A．To make work more enjoyable. B．To change the nature of work itself.
C．To replace traditional reward systems. D．To discourage people from achieving goals.
14．What did Mollick and Rothbard find in their experiment
A．Employees were confused by rewards. B．All employees were not motivated by the game.
C．The game increased overall sales performance. D．People who purchased games closed more deals.
15．Gamification works best when ______.
A．tasks are challenging. B．rewards are financial.
C．it matches people’s goals. D．people are forced to participate.
16．Which of the following would be the best title for the article
A．The Importance of Playing Games in Business.
B．The Challenges of Using Technologies Effectively.
C．The Benefits of Reward Systems in the Workplace.
D．The Impact of Gamification on Motivating People.
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·河北沧州·期末）The twelve new restaurants added to the Michelin Guide this month will be drinking to their success. Being in the guidebook of a former tire company that now reviews restaurants is the first step to getting a Michelin star, which is the most desired prize in high-quality dining. Yet according to a research recently published in the Strategic Management Journal, a source of culinary (烹饪的) intelligence, restaurants might be better off remaining starless.
Daniel Sands of University College London’s school of management tracked the fortunes of restaurants that opened in New York in 2000 — 2014 and received a starred review in the New York Times. He found that, of this promising group, establishments which went on to get a Michelin star were more likely to close down in the years that followed than those which did not. The relationship remained even when factors such as location, price and type of cuisine were taken into account. All told, 40% of restaurants awarded Michelin stars in 2005 – 2014 had closed by the end of 2019.
A Michelin star boosts publicity: the study found that Google search intensity rose by over a third for newly starred restaurants. But that fame comes at a price. First, Mr Sands argues, the restaurants’ customers change. Being in the center of public attention raises diners’ expectations. Meeting guests’ greater demands piles on new costs. Second, the award puts a star-shaped target on the restaurants’ back. Businesses they deal with, such as ingredient suppliers and landlords, use the opportunity to charge more. Chefs also want their pay to show they’ve won an award and might get taken away by other businesses.
Food is not the only industry where awards are a mixed blessing. Some research says that companies with bosses who won awards don’t do as well as they used to or as well as other companies whose bosses didn’t win awards. Like Michelin-starred chefs, superstar CEOs demand fatter pay packets and are more easily distracted (分心), spending more time writing books. In publishing, too, awards bring danger. Prizewinning books are reviewed more strictly than before their success, and worse than runners-up.
17．What is the first step towards receiving a Michelin star
A．Winning a food award. B．Being recommended by a tyre-maker.
C．Being listed in the Michelin guidebook. D．Receiving a starred review in the New York Times.
18．What did Daniel Sands’ research suggest about restaurants that received a Michelin star
A．They had better food quality. B．They were more likely to boom.
C．They had higher customer satisfaction. D．They were more likely to close down.
19．What’s the main idea of paragraph 3
A．How to win Mioholin star. B．How restaurants boost publicity.
C．The cost of gaining Micholin star. D．Micholin star’s influence on restaurants.
20．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Awards may have negative efforts. B．Food industries benefit from awards.
C．Michelin-starred chefs are the best. D．CEOs with awards are more successful.32.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 教师版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之生物学家Péter Pongrácz受猫咪钻进花瓶和狭窄开口的照片启发 说明文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之生物多样性中传粉者的重要性 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之讲述了“大象大迁徙”艺术活动 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之作游戏化的概念、目的及其效果 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之获得米其林星级餐厅对餐厅业务的影响 说明文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
提高应对高考英语阅读理解说明文长难句的能力，可从知识积累、技能提升、练习巩固和心态调整等方面入手，具体方法如下：
掌握分析技巧
寻找句子主干：学会快速找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语等核心成分，忽略插入语、定语、状语等修饰成分，先把握句子的基本结构和核心意思，再逐步分析其他修饰部分与主干的关系。例如对于长难句 “With the development of technology, people who have access to the Internet can obtain a large amount of information that is useful for their study and work.”，先找出主干 “people can obtain information”。
分析修饰成分：熟练判断定语、状语、补语等修饰成分，明确它们所修饰或补充说明的对象，理解其在句子中的作用和意义，从而更全面、准确地理解句子含义。如在上述例句中，“With the development of technology” 是状语，“who have access to the Internet” 是定语从句修饰 “people”，“that is useful for their study and work” 是定语从句修饰 “information”。
加强练习与实践
精读典型文章：选取高考英语阅读理解真题或模拟题中的说明文进行精读，逐句分析长难句，写出句子结构和各部分的成分及功能，深入理解句子含义，总结长难句的类型和特点。
进行翻译训练：将长难句进行汉译，通过翻译加深对句子结构和词汇用法的理解，提高语言转换能力和对长难句的敏感度，翻译后对照参考译文，分析自己的理解偏差和翻译错误之处。
限时阅读训练：在日常练习中，设定时间进行阅读理解训练，模拟考试情境，提高阅读速度和在有限时间内理解长难句的能力，逐渐适应高考的节奏和要求。
培养良好阅读习惯
保持耐心和细心：阅读说明文长难句时，要克服畏难情绪，保持耐心，仔细分析句子的每一个部分，不要急于求成，确保理解的准确性。
多阅读多积累：除了练习题目中的文章，平时要广泛阅读各类英语说明文，如科普文章、学术论文、新闻报道等，增强对不同主题和风格的说明文长难句的适应能力，培养语感和阅读技巧。
【词汇清障】
C&D1
solid A. 犹豫
liquid B. 固体的
hesitate C. 液体
aware D. 意识到的
mental E. 精神的
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - A；4 - D；5 - E
squeeze A. 矩形的
rectangular B. 尝试
trial C. 挤过
self - preservation D. 靠近
approach E. 自我保护
答案：6 - C；7 - A；8 - B；9 - E；10 - D
C&D2
biodiversity A. 生物多样性
deforestation B. 保护
conservation C. 传粉者
pollinator D. 砍伐森林
ecosystem E. 生态系统
答案：1 - A；2 - D；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
species A. 狭隘地
commercial B. 物种
narrowly C. 商业的
cynical D. 保护
safeguard E. 愤世嫉俗的
答案：6 - B；7 - C；8 - A；9 - E；10 - D
C&D3
campaign A. 引人注目的
heritage B. 活动
awareness C. 意识
striking D. 遗产
replica E. 复制品
答案：1 - B；2 - D；3 - C；4 - A；5 - E
invasive A. 参与
restoration B. 入侵的
poignant C. 恢复
engage D. 辛酸的
migration E. 迁徙
答案：6 - B；7 - C；8 - D；9 - A；10 - E
C&D4
gamification A. 激励
virtual B. 游戏化
bonus C. 虚拟的
convince D. 奖金
motivate E. 使信服
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - D；4 - E；5 - A
presentation A. 有效的
effective B. 展示
performance C. 实现
backfire D. 表现
achieve E. 适得其反
答案：6 - B；7 - A；8 - D；9 - E；10 - C
C&D5
culinary A. 没有星级的
starless B. 烹饪的
boost C. 宣传
publicity D. 提高
expectation E. 期望
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
ingredient A. 房东
landlord B. 原料
distracted C. 分心的
prizewinning D. 亚军
runners - up E. 获奖的
答案：6 - B；7 - A；8 - C；9 - E；10 - D
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·江苏苏州·期末）
Cats may seem solid, but they’re actually somewhat liquid. Inspired by photos of cats pouring themselves into vases and fitting into narrow openings, biologist Péter Pongrácz has tested dozens of cats to see when they act more like liquids or solids.
Cats fluidly (流畅地) move through tall and narrow places but hesitate when they approach uncomfortably short holes, Pongrácz reports in the Oct.18 iScience. The finding suggests that cats are aware of their own body size and may form mental images of themselves.
Because cats prefer to live alone, they are difficult to test in the lab. So Pongrácz brought the lab to the cats. With help from colleagues, he built a movable lab that they set up in 29homes.
In each home, the team attached two cardboard panels to a doorframe: one with five rectangular (矩形的) holes of the same height but decreasing width and another with five holes of the same width but decreasing height. An owner stood on one side of the panel while the cat and the experimenter stood on the other. For each trial, the cat had to squeeze (挤过) from the experimenter’s side to the owner’s side through the holes while being filmed.
Thirty out of 38 cats finished the experiment. When faced with holes of varying height, 22 cats hesitated to go through the shortest. When the holes varied in width, only eight cats paused before approaching the narrowest hole. Most cats squeezed through slim openings without hesitating.
Hesitation may be a self-preservation method, Pongrácz says. If a cat forces itself through a hole without being able to see what’s on the other side, the cat may be exposed to potential threats. That some cats paused in the safety of their homes suggests that they also rely on their body size to plan their approach.
1．What makes it difficult to test the cats in the lab
A．Their size. B．Their flexibility. C．Their height. D．Their character.
2．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．Results of the experiment. B．Subjects of the experiment.
C．Methods of the experiment. D．Principles of the experiment.
3．Why did some cats hesitate even before holes leading to their homes
A．They failed to figure out their body size.
B．They worried about getting stuck in the hole.
C．They hated being handled by the experimenter.
D．They were afraid of the danger on the other side.
4．What is the best title of the passage
A．One scientist puts cats’ liquid nature to test
B．Solid or liquid, that is out of the question
C．Cats act more like liquids when in danger
D．Hesitation keeps cats safe from danger
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】动物、科普知识 、说明文
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了生物学家Péter Pongrácz受猫咪钻进花瓶和狭窄开口的照片启发，测试猫咪在何时更像液体或固体，实验发现猫咪会根据自身身体大小和对危险的判断来决定是否通过洞口。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Because cats prefer to live alone, they are difficult to test in the lab. (因为猫喜欢独居，所以它们很难在实验室里进行测试)”可知，是猫的独居性格使得在实验室测试它们变得困难。故选D项。
2．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“In each home, the team attached two cardboard panels to a doorframe: one with five rectangular (矩形的) holes of the same height but decreasing width and another with five holes of the same width but decreasing height. An owner stood on one side of the panel while the cat and the experimenter stood on the other. For each trial, the cat had to squeeze (挤过) from the experimenter’s side to the owner’s side through the holes while being filmed.(在每个家中，研究小组将两块纸板固定在门框上：一块上有五个高度相同但宽度逐渐减小的矩形孔，另一块上有五个宽度相同但高度逐渐减小的孔。房主站在纸板的一侧，而猫和实验者站在另一侧。在每次试验中，猫必须从实验者的那一侧通过这些孔挤到房主的那一侧，整个过程被拍摄下来)”可知，本段主要介绍了在每个家庭中，研究团队在门框上安装两个纸板面板，一个有五个高度相同但宽度递减的矩形孔，另一个有五个宽度相同但高度递减的孔，主人站在面板的一侧，猫和实验者站在另一侧，猫要从实验者一侧通过这些孔挤到主人一侧并被拍摄下来，这都是在介绍实验的方法。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If a cat forces itself through a hole without being able to see what's on the other side, the cat may be exposed to potential threats. (如果一只猫在看不到另一边情况的情况下强行穿过一个洞，它可能会面临潜在的威胁)”以及最后一句“That some cats paused in the safety of their homes suggests that they also rely on their body size to plan their approach.(一些猫在自家安全的情况下也会犹豫，这表明它们也依靠自己的体型来计划行动方式)”可推知，一些猫即使在通向自家的洞口前也会犹豫，是因为它们担心被困在洞里。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cats may seem solid, but they’re actually somewhat liquid. Inspired by photos of cats pouring themselves into vases and fitting into narrow openings, biologist Péter Pongrácz has tested dozens of cats to see when they act more like liquids or solids.( 猫看起来可能是固体的，但实际上它们在某种程度上更像液体。受到猫钻进花瓶并适应狭窄开口的照片的启发，生物学家Péter Pongrácz测试了几十只猫，以观察它们在何时表现得更像液体或固体)”、第三段“Because cats prefer to live alone, they are difficult to test in the lab. (因为猫喜欢独居，所以它们很难在实验室里进行测试)”、最后一段“If a cat forces itself through a hole without being able to see what's on the other side, the cat may be exposed to potential threats. (如果一只猫在看不到另一边情况的情况下强行穿过一个洞，它可能会面临潜在的威胁)”以及最后一句“That some cats paused in the safety of their homes suggests that they also rely on their body size to plan their approach.(一些猫在自家安全的情况下也会犹豫，这表明它们也依靠自己的体型来计划行动方式)”可知，文章开篇指出猫看起来是固体，但实际上有点像液体，生物学家Péter Pongrácz对猫进行了测试，后面详细介绍了实验过程和结果，A项“One scientist puts cats’ liquid nature to test (一位科学家对猫的液体特性进行测试)”表达的含义能概括文章主旨，是最佳标题。故选A项。
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·山东临沂·期末）In October 2020, the United Nations Global Biodiversity Outlook announced that no government had met a single target to stop biodiversity loss in the last decade. Examples include rising deforestation and declining bee populations. To succeed in conserving biodiversity, we must first expand our understanding of biodiversity.
Biodiversity conversations tend to focus on certain plants and animals while ignoring others. People often regard trees and bees as the foundation of nature. For conservation campaigns, it pays —literally — to be a large mammal that people can easily identify with or a species that seems directly useful to humans. We also try to protect species with obvious commercial interest, such as tuna and the honeybee.
Viewing biodiversity too narrowly does more harm than good. Many species are too small, too few, too ugly, or still undiscovered for us to notice them. Let’s not make these the reasons why they are overlooked.
Pollinators (传粉者) are an essential part of biodiversity: Up to 90%of plants rely on animals for pollination, with bees often springing to mind. Yet, pollinators are much more than bees. There are about 20, 000 species of bees out of 350, 000 known pollinators. In Europe, honeybees are important for crops production. However, in warmer climates, plants like the fig tree rely on specific wasps and moths (飞蛾) for pollination. If we consider the most important pollinator in terms of pollinator diversity, moths and butterflies, with more than 140, 000 species, win the title. But we shouldn’t be asking which are the most important, or the most numerous. No single pollinator can get the job done. We need a variety of pollinators to support our ecosystems.
Taking a narrow view of biodiversity hides nature’s true wonder. Instead, we should appreciate species not through a human-centered lens, but rather as equally cynical parts of incredible, complex and life-giving systems. All species deserve recognition. It is only then that we will be able to safeguard nature.
5．Which can best explain the underlined “pays” in paragraph 2
A．Brings advantage. B．Benefits nature.
C．Makes profits. D．Faces risks.
6．Why are moths and butterflies mentioned
A．To stress their role in pollination.
B．To highlight their beauty and diversity.
C．To show their superior importance over bees.
D．To prove biodiversity goes beyond mere quantity
7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Biodiversity serves as the foundation of nature.
B．All species play an essential role in ecosystems.
C．A human-centered view leads to biodiversity loss.
D．Identifying all species is the key to protecting nature.
8．What is main idea of the text
A．Endangered species call for conservation efforts.
B．A broader view of biodiversity conservation is needed.
C．Human activities are the primary causes of biodiversity loss.
D．Governments struggle to meet biodiversity conservation targets.
【答案】5．A 6．A 7．B 8．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】人与动植物、环境保护、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例说明了生物多样性中传粉者的重要性，并指出不应仅从人类中心主义的角度看待物种，而应认识到所有物种都是生态系统中不可或缺的部分，呼吁人们以更广阔的视角看待和保护生物多样性。
5．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“For conservation campaigns, it pays —literally — to be a large mammal that people can easily identify with or a species that seems directly useful to humans. We also try to protect species with obvious commercial interest, such as tuna and the honeybee.( 对于保护运动来说，成为一种人们很容易识别的大型哺乳动物，或者是一种似乎对人类直接有用的物种，是……的。我们还要努力保护具有明显商业利益的物种，如金枪鱼和蜜蜂)”可知，对于保护运动来说，从字面上讲，成为一个人们容易认同的大型哺乳动物，或者一个对人类似乎有直接用处的物种，是“值得的”。我们还要努力保护那些具有明显商业利益的物种，如金枪鱼和蜜蜂。划线词后的破折号表示解释说明，从后文可知此处指的是“有好处，有优势”，A项“Brings advantage(带来优势)”，符合题意。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ If we consider the most important pollinator in terms of pollinator diversity, moths and butterflies, with more than 140, 000 species, win the title. But we shouldn’t be asking which are the most important, or the most numerous. No single pollinator can get the job done. We need a variety of pollinators to support our ecosystems.(如果从传粉者多样性的角度来考虑最重要的传粉者，那么拥有 14 万多种的蛾类和蝴蝶将摘得桂冠。但我们不应该问哪种传粉者最重要，或者哪种数量最多。没有哪一种传粉者可以独自完成传粉工作。我们需要多种多样的传粉者来支撑我们的生态系统。)”可知，没有单一的传粉者能完成传粉这项工作。我们需要各种各样的传粉者来支持我们的生态系统，此处提到蛾子和蝴蝶是为了强调它们在传粉中的作用。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Taking a narrow view of biodiversity hides nature’s true wonder. Instead, we should appreciate species not through a human-centered lens, but rather as equally cynical parts of incredible, complex and life-giving systems. All species deserve recognition. It is only then that we will be able to safeguard nature.( 狭隘地看待生物多样性掩盖了自然界的真正奇妙之处。相反，我们应该从非人类中心的角度去欣赏物种，而是把它们视为令人难以置信的、复杂的、赋予生命的系统中同样重要的组成部分。所有物种都应该得到认可。只有这样，我们才能保护自然。)”可知，我们不应仅从人类中心主义的角度看待物种，而应认识到所有物种都是生态系统中不可或缺的部分，呼吁人们以更广阔的视角看待和保护生物多样性。由此可推知，所有物种在生态系统中都发挥着重要作用，故选B。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“To succeed in conserving biodiversity, we must first expand our understanding of biodiversity.( 要成功保护生物多样性，我们首先要扩大对生物多样性的理解。)”以及通读全文可知，文章说明了保护生物多样性首先要扩大对生物多样性的理解，因为狭隘地看待生物多样性不仅无益反而有害，以蜜蜂为例，传粉者远不止蜜蜂，所有物种都应该得到认可，只有这样才能保护自然，由此可知，“A broader view of biodiversity conservation is needed.(需要更广泛地看待生物多样性保护)”能够概括文章主要内容。故选B。
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·山东临沂·期末）Imagine a herd of 100 life-sized elephant sculptures, each crafted by native Indian craftsmen, traveling around the world. This is The Great Elephant Migration — a campaign that uses a unique combination of art, conservation and cultural heritage to raise awareness about wildlife protection and the importance of living in harmony with nature.
By transforming public spaces with these striking sculptures,The Great Elephant Migration aims to inspire a global movement to protect endangered species and promote sustainable coexistence between humans and wildlifc.
Each elephant in the migration is a perfect replica (复制品) crafted by The Coexistence Collective, a community of 200 native Indian craftsmen from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Over the past five years, this collective has beautifully brought to life every elephant they live alongside, capturing each one in sculptural detail.
The sculptures are made from Lantana camara, an invasive plant species causing significant ecological damage in India. By using this material, the project not only transforms a problem into art but also helps in the large-scale removal of Lantana from protected areas, freeing up more space for wildlife and contributing to forest restoration.
The migration began its march in the US on July 4, 2024, and is set to cover several locations across North America and conclude in Los Angeles, California, in September 2025. At each stop, the herd transforms public spaces, inviting local communities and visitors to engage with the sculptures and the stories they represent. The migration serves as a poignant metaphor for the real-life migrations of animals, which are increasingly threatened by human activities and climate change.
The Great Elephant Migration is more than a visual sight; it’s a call to action.Funds raised through the sale of the elephant sculptures will support conservation projects around the world, particularly those promoting coexistence with wildlife.
9．What’s the aim of The Great Elephant Migration
A．To introduce Indian craftsmanship globally.
B．To highlight the threats faced by Asian elephants.
C．To promote a global wildlife conservation initiative.
D．To advocate art as a universal language of wildlife protection.
10．What does the underlined “a problem” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．The decline of the population of elephants.
B．The damage caused by invasive plant species.
C．The limited space available for animal habitats.
D．The lack of awareness about wildlife conservation.
11．How do local communities get involved in the campaign during the tour
A．By donating to fund wildlife protection.
B．By creating elephant sculptures in person.
C．By learning about real-life animal migrations.
D．By exploring conservation stories behind sculptures
12．What might be the best title for the text
A．Elephants Marching Across the U. S.
B．Lantana Elephants: A Visual Treat
C．Making an Impact through Conservation
D．A Moving Celebration of Coexistence and Conservation
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．D 12．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】环境保护、说明文、艺术作品
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了“大象大迁徙”艺术活动。该活动通过一群由印度工匠制作的100只大象雕塑环游世界，结合艺术、保护和文化遗产，提高人们对野生动物保护和与自然和谐共处重要性的认识。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“This is The Great Elephant Migration — a campaign that uses a unique combination of art, conservation and cultural heritage to raise awareness about wildlife protection and the importance of living in harmony with nature. (这是“大象大迁徙”——一项将艺术、保护和文化遗产独特结合起来的活动，旨在提高人们对野生动物保护和与自然和谐共生重要性的认识。)”可知，“大象大迁徙”活动的目的是推广全球野生动物保护倡议。因此，选项C“To promote a global wildlife conservation initiative.(推广全球野生动物保护倡议)”符合题意。故选C。
10．词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“The sculptures are made from Lantana camara, an invasive plant species causing significant ecological damage in India.(这些雕塑是由紫茎泽兰制成的，紫茎泽兰是一种在印度造成重大生态破坏的入侵植物。)”可知，此处指出紫茎泽兰是一种在印度造成重大生态破坏的入侵植物。同时根据划线词所在的句子“By using this material,the project not only transforms a problem into art but also helps in the large-scale removal of Lantana from protected areas, freeing up more space for wildlife and contributing to forest restoration.( 通过使用这种材料，该项目不仅将问题转化为艺术，而且有助于从保护区大规模移除紫茎泽兰，为野生动物腾出更多空间，并有助于森林恢复。)”可知，此处的a problem指的是“由入侵植物物种造成的破坏”。因此，选项B“The damage caused by invasive plant species.(由入侵植物物种造成的破坏)”符合题意。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“At each stop, the herd transforms public spaces, inviting local communities and visitors to engage with the sculptures and the stories they represent. (在每个停留点，这群大象都会改变公共空间，邀请当地社区和游客与雕塑和它们所代表的故事互动。)”可知，当地社区在活动期间通过与雕塑背后保护故事进行互动来参与其中。因此，选项D“By exploring conservation stories behind sculptures(通过探索雕塑背后的保护故事)”符合题意。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“This is The Great Elephant Migration—a campaign that uses a unique combination of art, conservation and cultural heritage to raise awareness about wildlife protection and the importance of living in harmony with nature.(这是“大象大迁徙”——一项将艺术、保护和文化遗产独特结合起来的活动，旨在提高人们对野生动物保护和与自然和谐共生重要性的认识。)”以及最后一段中的“The Great Elephant Migration is more than a visual sight; it’s a call to action.(“大象大迁徙”不仅仅是一场视觉盛宴；它是一个行动号召。)”可知，文章主要介绍了“大象大迁徙”活动，该活动通过艺术雕塑呼吁人们关注野生动物保护和与自然和谐共生。因此，选项D“A Moving Celebration of Coexistence and Conservation(共存与保护的动人庆典)”最符合文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选D。
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·山东·期末）When you reach 10, 000 steps in a day, your fitness app rewards you with virtual (虚拟的) stars and fireworks. Similarly, when you practice a language for several days in a row, you earn a “bonus” and are encouraged to keep it going. Many companies and apps use these types of features to make tasks more engaging and motivate people to achieve their goals. Business consultants promised that gamifying work could help motivate employees by making tasks more exciting. Instead of changing the nature of the work itself, gamification changes its presentation, using rewards and competition to make goal achievement feel more fun.
However, recent studies have shown that gamification does not always work as expected. Ethan Mollick and Nancy Rothbard conducted an experiment to test the effectiveness of gamification in the workplace. They worked with a group of salespeople who were tasked with convincing businesses to offer coupons (优惠券) for products sold on their company’s website. The salespeople earned rewards based on how many coupons they sold.
To make the work more exciting, Mollick and Rothbard created a basketball-themed game where salespeople earned points for each deal closed, with bigger deals earning more points. The names of top performers were displayed on giant screens, and regular emails updated everyone on who was winning. The top performer received a bottle of wine as a prize.
Despite these efforts, the game did not improve sales or make employees feel more motivated. In fact, salespeople who disliked the game reported feeling worse about their work, and their performance even declined slightly. The game only helped those who bought into it, making them feel more engaged.
At its best, gamification seems to work when it helps people achieve the goals they want to reach anyway by making the process of goal achievement more exciting. When people fully accept a game, the results can be impressive. However, when designed to encourage people to do something they don’t particularly care to do, it can backfire. What matters most is how the people playing the game feel about it.
13．What is the main purpose of gamification
A．To make work more enjoyable. B．To change the nature of work itself.
C．To replace traditional reward systems. D．To discourage people from achieving goals.
14．What did Mollick and Rothbard find in their experiment
A．Employees were confused by rewards. B．All employees were not motivated by the game.
C．The game increased overall sales performance. D．People who purchased games closed more deals.
15．Gamification works best when ______.
A．tasks are challenging. B．rewards are financial.
C．it matches people’s goals. D．people are forced to participate.
16．Which of the following would be the best title for the article
A．The Importance of Playing Games in Business.
B．The Challenges of Using Technologies Effectively.
C．The Benefits of Reward Systems in the Workplace.
D．The Impact of Gamification on Motivating People.
【答案】13．A 14．B 15．C 16．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】社会问题与社会现象、说明文
【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了工作游戏化的概念、目的及其效果，通过一项研究实验说明了游戏化在工作环境中的不同效果及其适用条件。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Many companies and apps use these types of features to make tasks more engaging and motivate people to achieve their goals(许多公司和应用程序使用这些类型的功能使任务更吸引人，并激励人们实现他们的目标)”以及“Instead of changing the nature of the work itself, gamification changes its presentation, using rewards and competition to make goal achievement feel more fun(游戏化不是改变工作的本质，而是改变其展示方式，利用奖励和竞争使目标的实现更有乐趣)”可推知，游戏化的主要目的是让工作变得更愉快。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Despite these efforts, the game did not improve sales or make employees feel more motivated. In fact, salespeople who disliked the game reported feeling worse about their work, and their performance even declined slightly.(尽管做出了这些努力，但这款游戏并没有提高销售额，也没有让员工感到更有动力。事实上，不喜欢这款游戏的销售人员对自己的工作感觉更差，他们的表现甚至略有下降)”可知，并非所有员工都被这个游戏激励了。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“At its best, gamification seems to work when it helps people achieve the goals they want to reach anyway by making the process of goal achievement more exciting.(最好的情况是，当游戏化通过让实现目标的过程变得更令人兴奋来帮助人们实现他们想要达到的目标时，它似乎是有效的)”可推知，当游戏化与人们的目标相匹配时，它是最有效的。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是最后一段“When people fully accept a game, the results can be impressive. However, when designed to encourage people to do something they don’t particularly care to do, it can backfire. What matters most is how the people playing the game feel about it.(当人们完全接受一款游戏时，结果可能会令人印象深刻。然而，当它被设计成鼓励人们去做他们并不特别喜欢做的事情时，它可能会适得其反。最重要的是玩家对游戏的感受)”可知，本文主要讨论了游戏化对激励人们的影响，描述了不同的效果，因此“游戏化对激励人们的影响”是文章的最佳标题。故选D。
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·河北沧州·期末）The twelve new restaurants added to the Michelin Guide this month will be drinking to their success. Being in the guidebook of a former tire company that now reviews restaurants is the first step to getting a Michelin star, which is the most desired prize in high-quality dining. Yet according to a research recently published in the Strategic Management Journal, a source of culinary (烹饪的) intelligence, restaurants might be better off remaining starless.
Daniel Sands of University College London’s school of management tracked the fortunes of restaurants that opened in New York in 2000 — 2014 and received a starred review in the New York Times. He found that, of this promising group, establishments which went on to get a Michelin star were more likely to close down in the years that followed than those which did not. The relationship remained even when factors such as location, price and type of cuisine were taken into account. All told, 40% of restaurants awarded Michelin stars in 2005 – 2014 had closed by the end of 2019.
A Michelin star boosts publicity: the study found that Google search intensity rose by over a third for newly starred restaurants. But that fame comes at a price. First, Mr Sands argues, the restaurants’ customers change. Being in the center of public attention raises diners’ expectations. Meeting guests’ greater demands piles on new costs. Second, the award puts a star-shaped target on the restaurants’ back. Businesses they deal with, such as ingredient suppliers and landlords, use the opportunity to charge more. Chefs also want their pay to show they’ve won an award and might get taken away by other businesses.
Food is not the only industry where awards are a mixed blessing. Some research says that companies with bosses who won awards don’t do as well as they used to or as well as other companies whose bosses didn’t win awards. Like Michelin-starred chefs, superstar CEOs demand fatter pay packets and are more easily distracted (分心), spending more time writing books. In publishing, too, awards bring danger. Prizewinning books are reviewed more strictly than before their success, and worse than runners-up.
17．What is the first step towards receiving a Michelin star
A．Winning a food award. B．Being recommended by a tyre-maker.
C．Being listed in the Michelin guidebook. D．Receiving a starred review in the New York Times.
18．What did Daniel Sands’ research suggest about restaurants that received a Michelin star
A．They had better food quality. B．They were more likely to boom.
C．They had higher customer satisfaction. D．They were more likely to close down.
19．What’s the main idea of paragraph 3
A．How to win Mioholin star. B．How restaurants boost publicity.
C．The cost of gaining Micholin star. D．Micholin star’s influence on restaurants.
20．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Awards may have negative efforts. B．Food industries benefit from awards.
C．Michelin-starred chefs are the best. D．CEOs with awards are more successful.
【答案】17．C 18．D 19．C 20．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识 、社会问题与社会现象、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文探讨了获得米其林星级餐厅对餐厅业务的影响。研究表明，虽然获得米其林星可以显著提升餐厅的知名度和搜索量，但也可能导致餐厅因更高的运营成本、客户需求以及供应商和房东的加价而面临更大的经营压力，从而增加关闭的风险。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段“Being in the guidebook of a former tire company that now reviews restaurants is the first step to getting a Michelin star, which is the most desired prize in high-quality dining.(进入一家前轮胎公司的指南手册是获得米其林星级的第一步，而米其林星级是高品质餐饮中最令人向往的奖项)”可知，获得米其林星级的第一步是被列入米其林指南。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段“He found that, of this promising group, establishments which went on to get a Michelin star were more likely to close down in the years that followed than those which did not.(他发现，在这群有前途的餐厅中，获得米其林星级的餐厅在接下来的几年里倒闭的可能性要比那些没有获得米其林星级的餐厅大)”可知，Daniel Sands的研究说明米其林星级餐厅更有可能倒闭。故选D。
19．主旨大意题。根据第三段“But that fame comes at a price. First, Mr Sands argues, the restaurants’ customers change. Being in the center of public attention raises diners’ expectations. Meeting guests’ greater demands piles on new costs. Second, the award puts a star-shaped target on the restaurants’ back. Businesses they deal with, such as ingredient suppliers and landlords, use the opportunity to charge more. Chefs also want their pay to show they’ve won an award and might get taken away by other businesses.(但这种名声是有代价的。首先，Sands先生认为，餐厅的顾客发生了变化。成为公众关注的焦点提高了食客们的期望值。满足客人更大的需求会增加新的成本。其次，该奖项给餐厅背上了一个星形靶子。与他们打交道的企业，如原料供应商和房东，利用这个机会收取更高的费用。厨师们还希望他们的工资能显示出他们赢得了奖项，可能会被其他企业抢走)”可知，第三段主要讲的是获得米其林星级的餐厅需要付出的代价。故选C。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some research says that companies with bosses who won awards don’t do as well as they used to or as well as other companies whose bosses didn’t win awards. Like Michelin-starred chefs, superstar CEOs demand fatter pay packets and are more easily distracted (分心), spending more time writing books. In publishing, too, awards bring danger. Prizewinning books are reviewed more strictly than before their success, and worse than runners-up.(一些研究表明，老板获奖的公司不如以前做得好，或者不如其他老板没有获奖的公司做得好。和米其林星级厨师一样，超级明星CEO要求更高的薪酬，也更容易分心，花更多时间写书。在出版业，奖项也会带来危险。获奖书籍的书评比其成功前更严格，比亚军更差)”可知，获奖可能会带来负面的影响，故选A。

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