Unit 3 Sea Exploration（基础夯实）—高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册单元测试卷
（100分）
一、语法填空（共5小题，每小题4分）
1.I can’t lay too much ____________ (emphasize) on the importance of artificial intelligence.
2.He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known ____________ (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.
3.Participants, most of____________ are middle school students, will meet at the Olympic forest park.
4.Throughout her career as a ____________ (profession) dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.
5.China is negotiating ____________ relevant parties on this matter and is actively preparing training work for foreign astronauts.
二、完成句子（共5小题，每小题4分）
6.麋鹿的栖息地通常以水为中心。
The elk's habitats _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
7.请制订一个锻炼计划并坚持下去,这样你就能很快恢复健康。(so that; shape)
Please set up a workout schedule and stick to it _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ soon.
8.尽管梅雷迪思一家不富裕,但他们同情穷人,总是在可能的时候愿意伸出援手。(mercy)
Although the Merediths weren’t well off, they _____ _____ _____ the poor and were always willing to _____ _____ _____ _____ whenever possible.
9.幸福不是希望得到我们没有的东西,而是享受我们拥有的东西。(possession)
Happiness is not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we _____ _____ _____ _____.
10.达尔文是一名英国自然学家,他酷爱自然。(passion)
Darwin was an English naturalist who _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
三、阅读理解（共4小题，每小题5分）
To us humans, climate change feels like something that's happening to the atmosphere, but actually about 90% of the heat that gets trapped by greenhouse gases is absorbed by the ocean. Of course, the ocean is really big, and taking its temperature is hard. Now, however, scientists have developed a technique that allows them to measure temperature changes across the entire ocean basins.
The idea dates back to the 1970s, when researchers first proposed using sound waves to study ocean warming, because the speed of sound through water depends on the physical properties (性质) of the water, which are related to temperature. "And roughly speaking, if we warm up the ocean by one degree Celsius, the sound speed will change —it will be four meters per second. And this is a very sensitive change," said Wenbo Wu, a seismologist at Caltech, who led the study.
Researchers originally proposed using artificial sound sources, but that proposal got arrested because of concerns about the impacts on marine animals. In the new study, however, Wu and his colleagues showed they could use the sounds produced by earthquakes instead. In an earthquake, some vibrations (震动) bounce off the seafloor and turn into sound waves that get picked up by a special machine and underwater microphones. The researchers looked at the travel time of these sound waves in 2.000 pairs of earthquakes that occurred in the Indian' Ocean between 2005 and 2016. Each pair of earthquakes happened in the same place but at different times, allowing the researchers to measure how much the sound waves sped up.
The analysis revealed that the waves traveled a few tenths of a second faster in more recent quakes than in older ones—a difference that translates to a warming trend of 0.04 degrees Celsius per decade. "0.04 degrees Celsius may not sound like a lot but it represents a huge amount of heat-considering it's the change in a body of water almost 2,000 miles wide and several miles deep," said Wu.
11.What does the underlined part "a technique" in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. Trapping greenhouse gases.
B. Using artificial sound waves.
C. Measuring the depth of the ocean.
D. Employing the sounds of the quake.
12.What is crucial for the study
A. The sea is vast enough.
B. The statistics are accurate.
C. The equipment is advanced.
D. Each pair of earthquakes is conditional.
13.What did the researchers find in the new study
A. The sound waves slowed down with time.
B. The ocean temperature went up in the past decade.
C. The speed change of sound waves was considerable.
D. 2,000 pairs of earthquakes occurred in the same place.
14.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Ocean Warming: A Booster of Climate Change
B. Seaquake Sound Waves: A Tracker of Ocean Warming
C. Sound Waves: An Initiative in Studying Ocean Animals
D. Ocean Basins: Where Earthquakes Frequently Happen
三、七选五（共5小题，每小题5分）
Used clothing that you no longer wear can be donated to charities. And clothing with broken zippers or missing buttons can be repaired and worn again. But what do you do when your favorite shirt is too torn to wear or your socks have too many holes
Every year in the UK, 336, 000 tons of unwanted old clothing and shoes are thrown out and sent to landfills (废物填埋场), according to Recycle Now. 15._________ So, instead of throwing away these old clothes, try one of these eco-friendly ways to give them a second chance.
One of the best ways to deal with unwanted clothing is to make it into something completely different. You can use pieces of old cloth as filling for pillows. 16._________
Another very good way to reuse old textiles (纺织品) made of cotton like T-shirts is to cut the clothing up and use it as cleaning cloths around your home. 17._________ And they are greener than using microfiber cleaning towels that drop fibers when washed.
Besides, animal shelters are always looking for used towels and blankets to keep their animals warm. 18._________ And while you are throwing away your textiles, remember that shelters could use donations of unopened pet food and things too.
19._________ Green Life is one of them. For a small fee, Green Life will ship you a bag that can be filled with up to 25 pounds of used clothing and sent to the company for reuse. When the bag is received, the sender receives a small amount of money to be used on the company’s website. Everything Green Life sells is made of recycled fibers.
A. You can bring your clothing to Green Life.
B. Or you can turn something you like into a doll.
C. So you can donate your unwanted clothing to such places.
D. Some clothing companies have their own recycling services.
E. The cleaning cloths can be washed and reused, unlike paper towels.
F. Check to see whether certain items you are throwing out can be donated.
G. This leads to greenhouse gases and allows chemicals to get into the soil.
四、书面表达（15分）
假定你是校英语俱乐部的负责人李华。俱乐部将举办有关“世界海洋日(World Oceans Day)”的英语手抄报大赛，请你写一则征稿启事。内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.具体要求；
3.鼓励参加。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
English Handwritten Newspaper Competition
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：emphasis
解析：lay emphasis on 是固定搭配，意为 “强调；重视”，这里的 “too much” 修饰名词 emphasis，所以填 emphasis。
2.答案：being
解析：这里考查独立主格结构。“the most well-known...” 部分在句中作状语，其逻辑主语是 “the most well-known...” 所指代的内容（即前面提到的他的贡献），与后面的 “be” 之间是主动关系，相当于一个伴随状语，所以用现在分词形式 being。
3.答案：whom
解析：这里是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “Participants”（参与者），指人，且在从句中作介词 “of” 的宾语，所以要用关系代词 whom。
4.答案： professional
解析：句意为:在她作为专业舞者的职业生涯中,她曾在英国巡演,但一直渴望进一步探索。此处修饰名词,应用形容词作定语。故填professional。
5.答案：with
解析：句意为:中国正在与有关方面就此事进行商谈,并积极准备国外航天员的培训工作。negotiate with 为固定搭配,意为“与……商谈”。故填with。
二、完成句子
6.答案：are usually centred around water
7.答案：so that you can get into shape
8.答案：showed/had mercy to/on; extend a supporting hand
9.答案：are in possession of
10.答案：had a passion for nature
三、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。定位到第一段“Now, however, scientists have developed a technique that allows them to measure temperature changes across entire ocean basins.”（然而，现在科学家们开发了一种技术，可以测量整个海洋盆地的温度变化。）根据第三段“Researchers originally proposed using artificial sound sources…that get picked up by a special machine and underwater microphones.”（研究人员最初提议使用人工声源，但由于担心对海洋动物的影响，该提议被阻止。然而，在新的研究中，吴和他的同事们表明他们可以用地震产生的声音来代替。在地震中，一些振动从海底反弹并变成声波，被一种特殊的机器和水下麦克风接收。）可知，划线词此处指代的内容为“科学家发现的可以测量海洋盆地温度变化的技术为利用地震震动的声音”，D项符合，故选D项。
12.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Each earthquake pair happened in the same place but at different times, allowing the researchers to measure how much the sound waves sped up.”（每对地震都发生在同一地点，但发生的时间不同，这使得研究人员可以测量声波加速了多少。）可知，每对地震若满足发生在同一地点，不同时间，就有利于研究人员测量声波加速的程度，进而测量出海洋温度的变化，D项符合，故选D项。
13.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“The analysis revealed that the waves traveled a few tenths of a second faster…2,000 miles wide and several miles deep.”（分析显示，最近的地震中地震波的传播速度比以前地震中地震波的传播速度快了零点几秒——这一差异意味着每十年变暖0.04摄氏度。吴表示，“0.04度听起来可能不是很多，但这是一个近2000英里宽、几英里深的水体的变化，）可知，水体每十年变暖0.04摄氏度，这代表了巨大的热量。”所以海洋温度在十年间上升了，B项正确，故选B项。
14.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now, however, scientists have developed a technique that allows them to measure temperature changes across entire ocean basins.”（然而，现在科学家们开发了一种技术，可以测量整个海洋盆地的温度变化。）文章开头就表明现在科学家们开发了一种技术，可以测量整个海洋盆地的温度变化。接下来就对该技术进行解释说明。第二段“The idea dates back to the 1970s, when researchers first proposed using sound waves to study ocean warming”（这个想法可以追溯到20世纪70年代，当时研究人员首次提出用声波来研究海洋变暖。）第三段表明研究人员最初提议使用人工声源，但由于担心对海洋动物的影响，该提议被阻止，之后在新的研究中，发现可以用地震产生的声波来代替。最后一段表明海洋温度升高。所以这篇文章主要是说可以通过海底地震即海啸产生的声波来研究海洋变暖，B项“海啸声波：海洋变暖的追踪者”符合文章主旨，故选B项。
四、阅读理解
答案：GBECD
解析：15.根据上文“Every year in the UK,336,000 tons of unwanted old clothing and shoes are thrown out and sent to landfills, according to Recycle Now. ”可知，此处说的是大量旧衣服和鞋子被扔进垃圾填埋场，G项(这会导致温室气体，并使得化学物质能够进入土壤。)承接上文，符合文意，故选G项。
16.根据上文“You can use pieces of old cloth as filling for pillows. ”可知，此处是在说旧布料的用途，B项(或者你可以把你喜欢的东西变成一个洋娃娃。)承接上文，符合文意，故选B项。
17.根据上文“Another very good way to reuse old textiles made of cotton like T-shirts is to cut the clothing up and use it as cleaning cloths around your home. ”可知，此处是在讲述旧衣服做清洁布的好处，E项(与纸巾不同，清洁布可以清洗和重复使用。)承接上文，符合文意，故选E项。
18.根据上文“Besides, animal shelters are always looking for used towels and blankets to keep their animals warm. ”可知，此处是在讲述旧毛巾和毯子在动物收容所中的用处，C项(所以你可以把你不需要的衣服捐给这些地方。)承接上文，符合文意，故选C项。
19.根据最后一段空后内容可知，Green Life是一家回收服务公司，D项(一些服装公司有自己的回收服务。)引出下文，符合文意，故选D项。
五、书面表达
答案：
English Handwritten Newspaper Competition
To celebrate the World Oceans Day, the English Club will hold an English Handwritten Newspaper Competition with this theme.
It is required to convey a clear message about protecting the ocean with a simple picture and in brief language. As scheduled, all the participants are required to design their unique and brilliant products, showing their excellent creativity and talent. Not only can this promote your appreciating ability, but it can also enrich the experience in participating in competitions. Please send your work to the English Club before next Friday.
Everyone is welcome to take part in the competition. Just do it! I think it’s your time to show your concern for the ecosystem as well as your ability to create.Unit 3 Sea Exploration（能力提升）—高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册单元测试卷
（100分）
一、语法填空（共5小题，每小题4分）
1.The family stayed at the hotel longer than planned, on the ___________ (insist) of the children who loved the pool.
2.I really appreciate the emphasis they lay ___________ the construction of community library for children.
3.I was greeted with breathtaking desert scenery ___________ instant I got off the plane.
4.Then there were six astronauts aboard the International Space Station, ___________ the command of Kevin Ford.
5.With so many essays ___________ (write), he didn't have time to go shopping this morning.
二、翻译句子（共5小题，每小题4分）
6.如今，有些人认为不吃饭是达到目标体重的捷径。(skip meals；动名词作主语)
_____________________________________________________________________
7.人们不能睡个好觉的原因之一是来自学校和工作的压力。(the reason why)
_____________________________________________________________________
8.这些有趣的图片使他想起了大自然的美好。(remind sb. of...)
_____________________________________________________________________
9.无论是输是赢, 这是他最后一次机会。 (whether... or...)
_____________________________________________________________________
10.我计划去看电影，但最终我去公园散步了。(end up…)
_____________________________________________________________________
三、阅读理解（共4小题，每小题5分）
Love the way you walk
Listen carefully to the footsteps in the family home, and you can probably work out who is walking about. The features most commonly used to identify people are faces, voices and fingerprints. But the way they walk is also a giveaway.
Researchers have used video cameras and computers to analyze people’s gaits, and are now quite good at it. But translating such knowledge into a practical identification system can be tricky. Cameras are often visible, are difficult to set up, require good lighting and may have their view blocked by other people. A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been looking for a better way to recognize gait. Their answer: pressure-sensitive mats.
Such mats are nothing new. They have been part of security systems. But Ozanyan and Scully use a complicated version that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as someone walks across it. These measurements form a pattern unique to the walker. The researchers turned to an artificial-intelligence system to recognize such patterns, and it seemed to work. In a study in 2018, they tested the system on a database of footsteps of 127 people. They found its error rate in identifying who was who was a mere 0.7%. And Scully says even without a database of footsteps to work with, the system can determine someone’s sex and, with reasonable accuracy, a subject’s age.
One application of the mat-based gait-recognition system might be in health care, particularly for the elderly. A mat placed in a nursing home or an old person’s own residence could monitor changes in an individual’s gait that indicates certain illnesses. That would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over.
Gait analysis might also be used as a security measure in the workplace, monitoring access to restricted areas, such as parts of military bases, server farms or laboratories dealing with dangerous materials.
Perhaps the most interesting use of the mats, though, would be in public places, such as airports. For that to work, the footsteps of those to be recognized would need to have been stored in a database, which would be harder to arrange than the collection of photographs and fingerprints that existing airport security systems rely on. Many aircrew or preregistered frequent flyers would welcome anything that speeded up one of the most tiresome parts of modern travel.
11.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2
A. Research equipment. B. Research findings.
C. Research assumption. D. Research background.
12.According to Paragraph 3, the mat is used to _______.
A. collect data B. ensure safety C. determine age D. analyse pressure
13.The gait-recognition system might be applied to _____.
A. monitor security work progress B. detect potential health problems
C. keep track of travelling frequency D. warn passengers of possible dangers
14.The main purpose of the passage is to _____.
A. compare and educate B. examine and assess
C. discuss and persuade D. explain and inform
三、七选五（共5小题，每小题5分）
Steps to Improve Your Humour
If you want to know how to get funnier in your personal and business life, here are the exact lines, methods, and practical strategies.
Give the opposite answer to yes/ no questions.
The easiest way to be funny, even if you are not, is to give the opposite answer to yes/ no questions. Yes, it is that simple. The more obvious, the better. 15.___________ So they laugh. Then you can move on to your real story.
Use a character switch.
When we tell a story, there are usually multiple characters. More often than not, people will make assumptions about them. For example, Little Red Riding Hood is the vulnerable(易受伤害的) one, and the Big Bad Wolf is the dangerous one. But what if you switch personas around and the Big Bad Wolf suddenly is vulnerable 16.___________
Play with numbers.
One way to be surprising is to play with numbers. 17.___________ Why Because numbers are specific. To be surprising, all you have to do is build up people’s expectation to be the opposite of what that number suggests.
Use real-life stories, not jokes.
18.___________ A joke is a fake story that sets up for a punchline(笑点). If the punchline falls flat, you end up looking like a fool. Rather than tell jokes, funny people tell relevant stories that have humorous elements.
19.___________
When you have a funny idea or joke, it’s hard not to share it right away. But the best- placed pun(俏皮话) is actually at the end. Put the funny part at the end of the sentence. That way, you’ re not still talking when the audience is meant to be laughing. This also makes your timing look awesome.
A. Delay(拖延) the funny.
B. You don’t have to tell a new joke.
C. If you have a funny thought, record it as an audio note.
D. Actually, jokes are harder to tell in real life than stories.
E. Numbers are your best friend when it comes to being funny.
F. The moment you give the opposite answer, you have surprised your audience.
G. That’s when people’s assumptions are overturned and things become really funny.
四、书面表达（15分）
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友John发来邮件，提到他对中国所取得的科技成就感到无比钦佩，想了解一些中国科学家的事迹。请你用英语给他写一封邮件，为他介绍一位你最喜欢的中国科学家，内容包括：
1.科学家简介；
2.主要成就；
3.对你的影响。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：insistence
解析：“on the insistence of...” 是固定短语，意为 “在…… 的坚持下”，此处需要用名词形式，“insist” 的名词是 “insistence”，所以填 “insistence”。
2.答案：on
解析：“lay emphasis on” 是固定短语，意为 “强调；重视”，符合此处表达他们对儿童社区图书馆建设重视的语境，所以填 “on”。
3.答案：the
解析：“the instant” 是固定搭配，相当于连词 “as soon as”，引导时间状语从句，表示 “一…… 就……”，符合语境，所以填 “the”。
4.答案：under
解析：考查介词。设空处构成固定短语 under the command of,意为“在……的指挥下”,故填under。句意:当时国际空间站上有六名宇航员,由凯文 福特指挥。
5.答案：to write
解析：句意为:有这么多的论文要写,今天上午他没有时间去购物。分析句子结构可知,此处是“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构,根据语境可知,此处表示即将发生的动作,应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to write。
二、翻译句子
6.答案：Nowadays, some people think that skipping meals is a simple way to reach the target weight.
解析：使用动名词 “skipping meals” 作主语，符合英语中用动名词来表示抽象的、一般性的行为动作的用法，“think” 后接宾语从句，从句中 “a simple way to...” 表示 “…… 的捷径”。
7.答案：One of the reasons why people fail to have a good sleep is the pressure from school and work.
解析：“the reason why...” 引导定语从句，“why” 在从句中作原因状语，修饰先行词 “the reason”，“fail to do sth.” 表示 “未能做某事”，“have a good sleep” 表示 “睡个好觉”。
8.答案：These interesting pictures reminded him of the beauty of nature.
解析：“remind sb. of sth.” 是固定短语，意为 “使某人想起某事”，句中 “These interesting pictures” 是主语，“him” 是宾语，“the beauty of nature” 是想起的内容。
9.答案：Whether he wins or loses, this is his last chance.
解析：“whether... or...” 引导让步状语从句，表示 “无论…… 还是……”，在句中连接两个相反的情况 “wins” 和 “loses”。
10.答案：I had planned to watch a movie, but I ended up going for a walk in the park.
解析：“had planned to do sth.” 表示 “原本计划做某事”，用过去完成时体现计划这一动作发生在最终结果之前，“end up doing sth.” 表示 “最终做了某事”。
三、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：根据第二段内容 Researchers have used video cameras and computers to analyze people's gaits, and are now quite good at it. But translating such knowledge into a practical identification system can be tricky. 研究人员使用摄像机和计算机来分析人们的步态，现在已经非常擅长了．但是将这些知识转化为实际的识别系统可能会很棘手。可知，本段主要讲述了研究背景。故选：D。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段 But Ozanyan and Scully use a complicated version that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as someone walks across it. 可知，这个垫子是用来收集数据的。故选：A。
13.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段 A mat placed in a nursing home or an old person's own residence could monitor changes in an individual's gait that indicates certain illnesses. That would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over 放置在疗养院或老人自己住所的垫子可以监测表明某些疾病的个体步态的变化。这将为某人提供更大的摔倒风险提供早期预警。可知，步态识别系统可用于检测潜在的健康问题。故选：B。
14.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了由英格兰曼彻斯特大学的 Krikor Ozanyan 和爱尔兰国立大学的 Patricia Scully 领导的团队一直在寻找一种更好的识别步态的方法，压敏垫，其主要目的是解释并告知。故选D。
四、七选五
答案：FGEDA
解析：15.前文提到“Give the opposite answer to yes/ no questions.（对是/否问题给出相反的答案。）”以及“The easier way to be funny, even if you are not, is to give the opposite answer to yes/ no questions.（即使你本身不幽默，最简单的变幽默的方法就是对是/否问题给出相反的答案。）”，F选项“The moment you give the opposite answer, you have surprised your audience.（你给出相反答案的那一刻，你就会让观众感到惊讶。）”进一步说明了给出相反答案能带来的效果，即让观众惊讶，从而与后文“So they laugh.（这样他们就会笑。）”衔接自然，所以选F选项。
16.前文说“When we tell a story, there are usually multiple characters. More often than not, people will make assumptions about them.（当我们讲故事时，通常有多个角色。通常情况下，人们会对他们做出假设。）”以及举例提到改变角色特点的情况，G选项“That’s when people’s assumptions are overturned and things become really funny.（就在这时，人们的假设被推翻，事情变得非常有趣。）”承接上文，说明了改变角色特点后导致人们假设被推翻进而变得有趣的结果，所以选G选项。
17.该段小标题是“Play with numbers.（玩转数字。）”，且后文提到“Because numbers are specific.（因为数字是具体的。）”，E选项“Numbers are your best friend when it comes to being funny.（在变得幽默方面，数字是你最好的朋友。）”强调了数字在幽默方面的作用，契合小标题以及后文对数字的相关阐述，所以选E选项。
18.后文提到“A joke is a fake story that sets up for a punchline(笑点). If the punchline falls flat, you end up looking like a fool.（笑话是为笑点而设置的虚构故事。如果笑点平淡无奇，你最终会看起来像个傻瓜。）”，是在说笑话的不足之处，D选项“Actually, jokes are harder to tell in real life than stories.（实际上，在现实生活中讲笑话比讲故事更难。）”能够引出后文关于笑话缺点的内容，所以选D选项。
19.后文提到“When you have a funny idea or joke, it’s hard not to share it right away. But the best- placed pun(俏皮话) is actually at the end.（当你有一个有趣的想法或笑话时，很难不马上分享出来。但最佳位置的俏皮话实际上在结尾。）”，强调了要把有趣的部分放在结尾，也就是要延迟展现幽默，A选项“Delay(拖延) the funny.（延迟幽默。）”符合后文所讲的内容，所以选A选项。
五、书面表达
答案：
Dear John,
I’d like to introduce my favorite scientist to you. He is Qian Xuesen, a patriotic, outstanding and gifted scientist.
Initially, Qian Xuesen studied Railway Mechanical Engineering, but after the Songhu Battle broke out, he shifted his major to aviation to defend his country. In 1955, he returned from America to China and was in charge of China’s space and missile programme. Under his leadership, China made steady progress in aerospace and aviation. He made great contributions to the development of China’s aerospace.
Qian Xuesen devoted all his life to science and he will inspire me to follow my dream.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua

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