高中英语2025届高考猜测词义方法总结(共9种)

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1、高考英语猜测词义方法一、类属法即通过类属来推测词义。【例】Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.【说明】从句意我们知道 pineapples 和 coconuts 与 bananas, oranges是同类事物,同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝”和“椰子”)。二、推理法即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。【例】That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits i

2、n one day.【说明】既然一天之内看不完所有的展品,那么 immense 的意思应该是“很大”了。Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.【说明】既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”,说明她“很美丽”(gorgeous)。三、常识法即根据普通常识推测生词的词义。【例】Its said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world.【说明】根据常识,B

3、ill Gates 为世界首富,所以 affluent 可能是“富有的”。As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances.【说明】根据常识,Edison为发明大王,他应因“发明”而闻名于世。 The snake slithered through the grass.根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识,我们可以推断出slither的词义为“爬行”。四、列举法即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。【例】Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys.【说明】像 dogs 和 mon

4、keys 之类的 “creatures”,显然creatures 的意思应是“动物”。In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker.【说明】periodical 是生词,但根据其后所列举的例子,我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“杂志”。五、构词法即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义。【例】Overwork may cause diseases.【说明】前缀 over- 的意思是“过分的,过量的”,故

5、 overwork 的意思应为“工作过度”。There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes.【说明】satisfied 的意思是“满意的”,前缀 dis- 的意思是“不”,故 dissatisfied 的意思应该是“不满意的”。 After just a few days on the job, I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging passengers. (广东卷)因同学们学过charge(收费、要价),根据前缀over-的意思“过多、过分”,可推知overch

6、arge是“索价太高”之意。六、对比法即根据文章前后的对比关系确定生词的词义。【例】He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated .【说明】句中的 but 表明 deteriorate 应该与 get better 的意思相反,即“恶化”。In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.【说明】上文说两个经济上的极端,那么下文中 penury 应与 great wealth 相对,即表示“贫困”。Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.【说明】while 表对比,意为“而”,所以 loquacio

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