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What inspires kids to be
creative and pursue academic excellence? Some teachers use rewards in recognition
of students' effort or achievement, giving them prizes, medals, certificates,
or money.
Psychologists take opposite
views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation
and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their
consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school.
Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, believe that
rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and
gifts from others.
The latter view has gained
many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small
monetary(金钱的) rewards sparks creativity
in primary school children, suggesting that properly given stimuli(刺激) indeed encourage creativity, according to a study in the June
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they're
working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show
the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of
Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards
for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards."
What inspires kids to be
creative and pursue academic excellence? Some teachers use rewards in recognition
of students' effort or achievement, giving them prizes, medals, certificates,
or money.
Psychologists take opposite
views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation
and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their
consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school.
Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, believe that
rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and
gifts from others.
The latter view has gained
many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small
monetary(金钱的) rewards sparks creativity
in primary school children, suggesting that properly given stimuli(刺激) indeed encourage creativity, according to a study in the June
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they're
working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show
the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of
Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards
for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards."
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