On Sunday, November 3, 2019, most North
Americans will mark the end of Daylight Saving Time (DST) by moving their
clocks back an hour. This simple action will not only add an extra 60 minutes
to their weekend, but also shift (变换，变动)
daylight back into the morning hours, making it a little less painful to wake
up for school and work during the shorter winter days.
Operating
the clocks was first suggested by Benjamin Franklin in 1784. He mentioned the
idea in a letter to the editor of the Journal of Paris and advised it should be
a way to save candles, but it was not taken seriously. George Hudson from New
Zealand also recommended moving the clocks back two hours in 1895 to get extra
daylight time to study insects. Unfortunately, neither he nor British people
William Willett, who suggested it in 1907 as a way to save electricity costs,
got their wish.
It
was the German Empire that began the clock shifting tradition on April 30,
1916, to save fuel needed to produce weapons and bombs for World War I. Though
a few others, including the US and Britain, adopted the tradition shortly
after, all the countries returned to Standard Time once the war ended, only to
start DST again during World War II. Once the battle ended in 1945, the US
government ended DST nationally but allowed states and districts to continue
the tradition and even allowed them to establish their own start and stop
dates.
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